<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h1 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Curso de Linguística <span class="_0 blank"></span>Histórica </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2º. Semestre de 2014<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y4 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1. <span class="fs3">UMA HISTÓRIA (BREVE) DAS </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y5 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">INVESTIGA<span class="_1 blank"></span>ÇÕES <span class="_2 blank"></span>LINGUÍSTICAS </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y6 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Prof. <span class="_1 blank"></span>Thomas Finbow </div><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y7 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Departamento <span class="_0 blank"></span>de<span class="_2 blank"></span> Linguística (FF<span class="_1 blank"></span>LCH/USP) </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1. AS <span class="_1 blank"></span>ORIGENS <span class="_1 blank"></span>DAS LÍNGUAS <span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y9 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(E DA INVESTIGAÇÃO <span class="_0 blank"></span>LINGUÍSTICA) </div><div class="t m0 xa h5 ya ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">A história <span class="_0 blank"></span>do </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 yb ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">experimento <span class="_1 blank"></span>do </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 yc ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">faraó Psamético </div><div class="t m0 xb h5 yd ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(Psamtik) <span class="_0 blank"></span>I (663-</div><div class="t m0 xb h2 ye ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">610 a.C.), no <span class="_0 blank"></span>livro </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 yf ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">do historiador <span class="_0 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y10 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">viajante <span class="_1 blank"></span>grego<span class="_2 blank"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y11 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Heródoto. </div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y12 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 xc h7 y13 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2. AS ORIGENS <span class="_1 blank"></span>DAS LÍNGUAS </div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y14 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(E DA INVESTIGAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA) </div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y15 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls2">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">O Imperador Sacro </span></div><div class="t m0 xf h8 y16 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Romano, Frederico II </div><div class="t m0 xf h8 y17 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de Hohenstaufen </div><div class="t m0 xf h8 y18 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(1194<span class="_2 blank"></span>-1250), narrado </div><div class="t m0 xf h8 y19 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pelo frade franciscano </div><div class="t m0 xf h8 y1a ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Salimbene di Adam<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y1b ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Parma. </div><div class="t m0 xf h2 y1c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h7 y1d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3. AS ORIGENS <span class="_1 blank"></span>DAS LÍNGUAS </div><div class="t m0 x11 h6 y1e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(E DA INVESTIGAÇÃO LINGÜÍSTICA) </div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y1f ff2 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x12 h2 y20 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">James IV de </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h2 y21 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Escócia (1473-</div><div class="t m0 x13 h5 y22 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1513) <span class="_1 blank"></span>na <span class="ff1 ws1">History</span> <span class="ls4">de </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h2 y23 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Robert Lindesay <span class="_0 blank"></span>de<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x13 h2 y24 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Pitscottie. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x14 h5 y25 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4. DANTE <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff3 ls5">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls0"> <span class="ff1">DE VULGA<span class="_1 blank"></span>RI <span class="_1 blank"></span>ELOQUENTIA<span class="ff2"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hb y26 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls6">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">DANTE ALIGHERI (<span class="ls13 ws2">1265</span></span><span class="ls0 ws3">\u2013</span><span class="ff2 ls13 ws2">1321<span class="ls0 ws0">): </span></span><span class="ff1 ls14 ws4">De<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>vulgari eloquentia<span class="ff2"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y27 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls7">[<span class="ff4 ls0 ws5">\u201c</span><span class="ls0 ws0">Sobre <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>eloqüência <span class="_4 blank"> </span>no <span class="_4 blank"> </span>vernáculo<span class="ff4 ws5">\u201d</span>] <span class="_4 blank"> </span>(escrito <span class="_4 blank"> </span>entre <span class="_4 blank"> </span>1302 <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y28 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1305). </div><div class="t m0 x17 hd y29 ff3 fsb fc0 sc0 ls8">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_5 blank"> </span>florentin<span class="_2 blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>segue <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ensino <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls9 ws6">da</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Igrej<span class="_2 blank"> </span>a, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>afir<span class="_2 blank"> </span>mando <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls9 ws6">que</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>língua </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hd y2a ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">humana <span class="_6 blank"> </span>origina<span class="_2 blank"> </span>l<span class="_2 blank"> </span>mente <span class="_6 blank"> </span>era <span class="_6 blank"> </span>u<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ma <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>uniforme <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ls15 ws7">(e</span><span class="lsa"> <span class="ls9 ws6">que<span class="_2 blank"> </span></span></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>essa <span class="_6 blank"> </span>língua </div><div class="t m0 x7 hd y2b ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">original <span class="_2 blank"> </span>era o heb<span class="_2 blank"> </span>raico, con<span class="_2 blank"> </span>forme <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a tradição <span class="_2 blank"> </span>cristã). <span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x17 hd y2c ff3 fsb fc0 sc0 ls8">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Após <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls9 ws6">da<span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="lsb ws0"> <span class="ff3 lsc">\u201c</span><span class="ls0">confusão<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>das <span class="_7 blank"> </span>línguas<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ws8">\u201d</span></span> <span class="ls9 ws6">na</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Torr<span class="_2 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls9 ws6">de</span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Babel, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>essa <span class="_7 blank"> </span>única<span class="ls16"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hd y2d ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">lingua<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>vulgaris <span class="_8 blank"> </span>n<span class="_2 blank"> </span>atura<span class="_2 blank"> </span>lis<span class="ff2"> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>(u<span class="_2 blank"> </span>m <span class="_8 blank"> </span>código <span class="_8 blank"> </span>abstr<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ata, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>un<span class="_2 blank"> </span>iversal<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hd y2e ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">nobre <span class="_a blank"> </span>dada <span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ls9 ws6">por</span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>Deus aos <span class="_b blank"> </span>humanos<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ls9">no</span> Jardim <span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ls9 ws6">de</span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>Éden) foi </div><div class="t m0 x7 hd y2f ff3 fsb fc0 sc0 lsd">\u201c<span class="ff2 ls0 ws9">confundida </span><span class="lse">\u201d<span class="ff2 lsf ws0"> <span class="ls17 wsa">em</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="_c blank"> </span>muitas <span class="_c blank"> </span>língu<span class="_2 blank"> </span>as: <span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls9 ws6">os</span></span> </span><span class="ff1 ls0 ws8">vulgari<span class="ff2 ws0"> <span class="_c blank"> </span>(as<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>línguas </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hd y30 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">vernáculas) <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls9 ws6">que</span> variam <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls9">no</span> tem<span class="_0 blank"></span>p<span class="_2 blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>e <span class="ls9">no</span> espaço<span class="ff1">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y31 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls10">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Dante <span class="_e blank"> </span>divide <span class="_e blank"> </span>Europa <span class="_e blank"> </span><span class="ls7 ws3">(a</span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>Cris<span class="_0 blank"></span>ta<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ndade) <span class="_e blank"> </span><span class="ls4 wsb">em</span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>tr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ês <span class="_e blank"> </span>regiões </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y32 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">linguísticas, <span class="_e blank"> </span>conforme <span class="_f blank"> </span>um <span class="_f blank"> </span>esquema <span class="_e blank"> </span>típico <span class="_f blank"> </span>da <span class="_e blank"> </span>filosofia </div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y33 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">escolástica<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>medieval<span class="_2 blank"> </span>: </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y34 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls11">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls18 wsc">No<span class="ls0 ws0"> leste </span></span><span class="ls0 wsd">\u2013<span class="ff2 ws0"> o grego, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y35 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls11">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls18 wsc">No<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>norte <span class="_10 blank"> </span></span></span><span class="ls0 wsd">\u2013</span><span class="ff2 ls12 ws0"> <span class="ls4 wsb">as<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>línguas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>germânicas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>(Dante <span class="_11 blank"> </span>não <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ls4 wsb">as</span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y36 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">distinguiu das línguas eslavas), </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y37 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls11">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls18 wsc">No<span class="ls0 ws0"> sul </span></span><span class="ls0 wsd">\u2013</span><span class="ff2 ls9 ws0"> <span class="ls4 wsb">as</span><span class="ls0"> línguas rom<span class="_1 blank"></span>ânicas.<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x18 h5 y38 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5. DANTE <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff3 ls4">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls0"> <span class="ff1">DE VULGARI <span class="_0 blank"></span>ELOQUENTIA<span class="ff2"> <span class="_0 blank"></span>[cont.] </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 he y39 ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls19">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Dante <span class="_12 blank"> </span>subdivi<span class="_0 blank"></span>de<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>este <span class="_12 blank"> </span><span class="ff1">ydi<span class="_0 blank"></span>oma<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>triphari<span class="_0 blank"></span>um<span class="ff2"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a he y3a ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">meridional <span class="_0 blank"></span>novamente <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls21 wse">em<span class="ls0 ws0"> três: </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1b hc y3b ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1a">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Língua <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff1 wsd">Oco</span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>(dos <span class="ff1 wsd">Y<span class="_2 blank"> </span>spani</span> = <span class="_2 blank"> </span>os prove<span class="_2 blank"> </span>nçais </span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y3c ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">e catalães). </div><div class="t m0 x1b hc y3d ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1a">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Língua <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Oïl <span class="_4 blank"> </span>(<span class="_0 blank"></span>dos <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ff1 wsd">Franci</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>= <span class="_4 blank"> </span>os <span class="_4 blank"> </span>povos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>do<span class="_1 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y3e ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Reino de França) </div><div class="t m0 x1b hc y3f ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1a">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Língua de <span class="ls22 wsf">Si</span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>(dos <span class="ff1 wsd">Latini</span> = os<span class="_1 blank"></span> povos da </span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y40 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Península Italiana).<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x19 hb y41 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls1b">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Além <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ls13 ws2">dos</span><span class="ls1c"> </span><span class="ff1 ws3">volgari</span>, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Dante <span class="_6 blank"> </span>r<span class="_1 blank"></span>econhece <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>existência <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls13 ws2">de</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y42 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">uma <span class="_4 blank"> </span>outra <span class="_13 blank"> </span>língua, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>que <span class="_13 blank"> </span>el<span class="_2 blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>chama <span class="_13 blank"> </span>a<span class="ff1"> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>grammatica</span><span class="ls1d"> <span class="ls7 ws3">(o</span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y43 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">latim eclesiástico medieval). </div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y44 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1e">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Porém, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>por <span class="_14 blank"> </span>ele, <span class="_14 blank"> </span>o <span class="_14 blank"> </span>latim <span class="_13 blank"> </span>não <span class="_14 blank"> </span>é <span class="_13 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_14 blank"> </span><span class="ff1">lingua <span class="_14 blank"> </span>vulgaris </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y45 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">naturalis, <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">porque <span class="_5 blank"> </span>não <span class="_5 blank"> </span>é <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>l<span class="_1 blank"></span>íngua <span class="_5 blank"> </span>nativa <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(<span class="ff1 wsd">volgari</span>) <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de </span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y46 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ninguém. </div><div class="t m0 x19 hb y47 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls1b">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Portanto, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Dante <span class="_2 blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>denomina <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff1 ws3">grammatica</span><span class="ls1f"> <span class="ls13 ws2">um</span><span class="ls20"> </span></span><span class="ff1">locutio </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y6 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">secundaria <span class="_15 blank"> </span>artificialis<span class="ff2">, <span class="_15 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_16 blank"> </span>seja, <span class="_16 blank"> </span>um <span class="_16 blank"> </span>artefato </span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y48 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">específico <span class="_17 blank"> </span>e <span class="_17 blank"> </span>concreto <span class="_17 blank"> </span>criado <span class="_17 blank"> </span>pelos <span class="_17 blank"> </span>homens <span class="_17 blank"> </span>para </div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y49 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">contrabalançar <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ls4 wsb">as</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>fraquezas <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e <span class="_18 blank"> </span>variabilidade <span class="_18 blank"> </span>dos<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y4a ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">vernáculos. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x1d h2 y4b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6. OS <span class="_1 blank"></span>SÉCULOS <span class="_1 blank"></span>XVI E XVII: </div><div class="t m0 x1e h2 y4c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">JOSEPH <span class="_1 blank"></span>JUSTUS SCALIGER <span class="_0 blank"></span>(1540<span class="_2 blank"> </span>-1609) </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y4d ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls10">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">O latinista protestante francês Scaliger <span class="_1 blank"></span>(1540<span class="_2 blank"> </span>-1609) organizou as línguas da Europa em </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y4e ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">quatro classes maiores baseadas na sua palavra para <span class="ff4 ws5">\u201c</span><span class="wsd">Deus<span class="ff4 ws5">\u201d</span></span>: </div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y4f ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls23">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0"> <span class="ff1">deu- <span class="_f blank"> </span></span>(as línguas neolatinas<span class="fsd ls24">)<span class="ff1 ls0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y50 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls23">\u2022<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">theo- <span class="_19 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">(o grego<span class="fsd ls24">)</span></span><span class="fsd"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y51 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls23">\u2022<span class="ff1 ls0 wsd">gott-<span class="ff2 ws0"> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>(as línguas germânicas<span class="fsd ls24">)<span class="ff1 ls0"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y52 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls23">\u2022<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">bog- <span class="_1b blank"> </span><span class="ff2">(as línguas eslavas<span class="fsd">) </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y40 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls10">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Scaliger reconheceu sete classes linguísticas m<span class="_1 blank"></span>enores: <span class="_2 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y53 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls25">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">O epirótico [o <span class="_1 blank"></span>albanês] e o tártaro [o turco], </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y54 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls23">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">O húngaro e o finlandês, </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y55 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls23">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">O gaélico [irlandês e escocês], </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y56 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls23">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">O velho britânico [galês e bretão], </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y57 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls23">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">O cantábrico [o basco]. </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hb y58 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls6">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Porém, <span class="_1c blank"> </span>Scaliger <span class="_1c blank"> </span>não <span class="_1c blank"> </span>reconheceu <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_b blank"> </span>parentesco <span class="_4 blank"> </span>entre <span class="_1c blank"> </span><span class="ls26 ws10">as</span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>duas <span class="_1c blank"> </span>línguas <span class="_1c blank"> </span>celtas <span class="_1c blank"> </span>(os <span class="_1c blank"> </span>ramos </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y59 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">goidélico <span class="_1c blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>britônico) <span class="_1c blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls4 wsb">as</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>duas <span class="_1c blank"> </span>línguas <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fino-<span class="_2 blank"> </span>úgricas <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls7 ws3">(o</span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>finlandês <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls7 ws3">[do</span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>ramo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fino] <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y5a ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">húngaro <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls7 ws3">[do</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ramo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>úgrico]. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Tampouco <span class="_7 blank"> </span>percebeu <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>muitas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>dessas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>línguas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>pertenciam <span class="_d blank"> </span>a<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y5b ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">uma superfamília indo-europeia, mas não devemos culpá-<span class="ls27 ws11">lo</span> por isso. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x1f h2 y5c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7. O S<span class="_1 blank"></span>ÉCULO XVIII </div><div class="t m0 x12 he y5d ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls28">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">PETER SIMON <span class="_1 blank"></span>PALLAS (174<span class="_2 blank"></span>1-1811). <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x20 he y5e ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">Linguarum <span class="_0 blank"></span>totius orbis <span class="_0 blank"></span>voca<span class="_2 blank"></span>bularia <span class="_0 blank"></span>compa<span class="_2 blank"> </span>rativa<span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ff2"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 he y5f ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(1787). </div><div class="t m0 x21 hd y60 ff3 fsb fc0 sc0 ls2a">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls2b">[</span><span class="lsc">\u201c<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Vocabulário comparativo <span class="_2 blank"> </span>d<span class="_2 blank"> </span>as línguas d<span class="_2 blank"> </span>e todo o </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x22 hd y61 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls2c ws12">globo<span class="ff3 ls0 ws8">\u201d</span><span class="ls16 ws13">.]<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y62 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls2d">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Classificou os m<span class="_1 blank"></span>ateriais reunidos conforme um </span></div><div class="t m0 x24 hb y63 ff2 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sistema <span class="_1 blank"></span>que resultou de um estudo do matem<span class="_1 blank"></span>ático e </div><div class="t m0 x24 hc y64 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">filósofo alemão GOTTFRIED WILHELM </div><div class="t m0 x24 hc y65 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">LEIBNITZ que foi patrocinado pela imperatriz </div><div class="t m0 x24 hc y66 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Catarina II da Rúss<span class="_1 blank"></span>ia.<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y67 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls2d">\u2022<span class="ff1 ls0 wsd">LTOVC<span class="ff2 ws0"> conteve 285 palavras em 200 línguas (149 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x24 hc y68 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">da Ásia e 51 da Europa). </div><div class="t m0 x12 hf y69 ff3 fse fc0 sc0 ls2e">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">LORENZO HERVÁS (1735-1809). <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h10 y6a ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">Catálogo <span class="_0 blank"></span>de las lenguas <span class="_1 blank"></span>de las naciones </span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h10 y6b ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conocidas <span class="_0 blank"></span>y numera<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ción, <span class="_0 blank"></span>división y clases <span class="_0 blank"></span>de estas </div><div class="t m0 x14 h10 y6c ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">según <span class="_1 blank"></span>la diversidad <span class="_0 blank"></span>de sus idiomas y <span class="_0 blank"></span>dia<span class="_2 blank"> </span>lectos </div><div class="t m0 x14 he y6d ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(1800 <span class="_1 blank"></span>- 1805).<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y6e ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls28">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">JOHANN CHRISTOPH ADELUNG (1732<span class="_2 blank"> </span>-1806).<span class="fs8"> <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x20 he y6f ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">Mithridades <span class="_0 blank"></span>oder allgemeine <span class="_0 blank"></span>Sprachen<span class="_2 blank"> </span>kunde<span class="ff2">. <span class="_0 blank"></span>(4 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 he y70 ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">vols., <span class="_0 blank"></span>18<span class="_2 blank"> </span>06 <span class="ff3 ls9">\u2013</span> 1807) <span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x21 hd y71 ff3 fsb fc0 sc0 ls2a">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls2b">[</span><span class="lsc">\u201c<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Mitridates, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>ou a ciência <span class="_2 blank"> </span>geral <span class="_2 blank"> </span>das línguas<span class="_2 blank"> </span></span><span class="ls0 ws8">\u201d</span><span class="ff2 ls15 ws7">].<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x17 h2 y72 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8. O MÉTODO <span class="_0 blank"></span>COMPARATIVO <span class="ff1">AVANT <span class="_1 blank"></span>LA </span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h5 y73 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">LETTRE<span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ff2 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 he y74 ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls28">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">JÁNOS SAJNOVICS (1733-<span class="_2 blank"></span>1785) <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa he y75 ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">Demonstratio <span class="_0 blank"></span>idioma Hungarorum <span class="_0 blank"></span>et Lappor<span class="_2 blank"></span>um <span class="_0 blank"></span>idem esse<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls31">. <span class="ls0">(1770). </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y76 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls2d">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls7">[</span><span class="ls0 wsd">\u201c<span class="ff2 ws0">A demonstração da língua dos húngaros e dos lapões serem a m<span class="_1 blank"></span>esma<span class="ff3 ls4">\u201d</span><span class="ls9 ws14">.]</span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x25 he y77 ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls28">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">SÁMUEL GYARMATHI (1751<span class="_2 blank"> </span>-1830) <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa h10 y78 ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">Affinitas <span class="_0 blank"></span>linguae <span class="_1 blank"></span>hung<span class="_2 blank"></span>aricae <span class="_0 blank"></span>cum linguis <span class="_0 blank"></span>fennicae originis <span class="_0 blank"></span>gramma<span class="_2 blank"> </span>tice </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 he y79 ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws15">demonstrata<span class="ff2 ws0">. <span class="_0 blank"></span>(G<span class="_2 blank"></span>öttingen, <span class="_0 blank"></span>1799<span class="_2 blank"></span>).<span class="ff1"> <span class="_1 blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y7a ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls2d">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls7">[</span><span class="ls0 wsd">\u201c<span class="ff2 ws0">A relação da origem da língua húngara com a língua finlandesa </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y7b ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">gramaticalmente demonstrada<span class="ff3 ls4">\u201d</span><span class="ls9 ws14">.]</span> </div><div class="t m0 x25 he y7c ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls28">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">JOHN HORNE TOOK (1736<span class="_2 blank"> </span>-1829) <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa he y7d ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">Epea pteróenta. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Diversions <span class="_1 blank"></span>of Purley<span class="ff2"> (publicado <span class="_0 blank"></span>em<span class="_1 blank"></span> 17<span class="_2 blank"> </span>86): </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa he y7e ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws16">\u2013 \u2018<span class="ff2 ws0">All <span class="_1 blank"></span>those com<span class="_0 blank"></span>mon terminati<span class="_1 blank"></span>ons, in <span class="_0 blank"></span>any lang<span class="_2 blank"> </span>uage, <span class="_0 blank"></span>of<span class="_2 blank"> </span> which <span class="_1 blank"></span>all Nouns or </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 he y7f ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Verbs in <span class="_0 blank"></span>that language equally<span class="_1 blank"></span> partake <span class="_0 blank"></span>(und<span class="_2 blank"> </span>er <span class="_0 blank"></span>the notion of <span class="_1 blank"></span>declension <span class="_0 blank"></span>or<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 he y80 ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conjugation) <span class="_0 blank"></span>are them<span class="_0 blank"></span>selves separate words <span class="_0 blank"></span>with distinct <span class="_0 blank"></span>meanings [...] </div><div class="t m0 x9 he y81 ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">those <span class="_1 blank"></span>terminati<span class="_0 blank"></span>on<span class="_2 blank"> </span>s <span class="_1 blank"></span>are explicable, <span class="_0 blank"></span>and ought to <span class="_1 blank"></span>be explained.<span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ff3 ls2f">\u2019</span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y82 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls30">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws3">[<span class="ff3">\u201c</span><span class="ws0">Todas essas terminações <span class="_0 blank"></span>comuns, em qualquer língua, de que todos <span class="_1 blank"></span>os </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y83 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">substantivos ou verbos naquele <span class="_1 blank"></span>idioma partici<span class="_2 blank"> </span>pam igualmente (sob a noção da </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y84 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">declinação ou da conjugação) [as desinências] <span class="_1 blank"></span>são elas mesmas palavras </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y85 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">autônomas com significados diferentes [...] essas terminações <span class="_1 blank"></span>são explic<span class="_2 blank"> </span>áveis, e </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y86 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">deveriam ser explicadas.<span class="ff3 ls4">\u201d</span>] </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1997ba83-01f5-4f65-9aca-6203cd609ed4/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x26 h6 y87 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">9. OS PRIMEIROS CONTA<span class="_2 blank"></span>CTOS </div><div class="t m0 x27 h6 y88 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">EUROPEUS COM O SÂNSCRITO </div><div class="t m0 x25 h8 y89 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls2">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">FELIPPO <span class="_2 blank"></span>SASSETTI <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="fsc">(Florença, <span class="_1 blank"></span>1540 <span class="ff3 ls9">\u2013</span> Goa, 1588). </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa he y8a ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Comerciante<span class="_1 blank"></span>. <span class="_1 blank"></span>Escreveu um<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>livro em<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"></span>1585 em<span class="_0 blank"></span> que ele comentou as </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 he y8b ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sim<span class="_1 blank"></span>ilaridades <span class="_0 blank"></span>entre o itali<span class="_1 blank"></span>ano e a lí<span class="_1 blank"></span>ngua sânscrita: </div><div class="t m0 x4 h10 y8c ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls32">\u2022<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">Deva <span class="ff5 ls9">\u2013</span> dio, <span class="_0 blank"></span>sa<span class="_2 blank"></span>rpa <span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ls9">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0"> serpe, sapta <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ls9">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0"> sette, ashta <span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ls9">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0"> otto, nava <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ls9">\u2013<span class="ff1 ls0"> no<span class="_2 blank"></span>ve. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h8 y8d ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls2">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">HEINRICH ROTH <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fsc">(Aug<span class="_2 blank"> </span>sburg, <span class="_0 blank"></span>16<span class="_2 blank"> </span>20 <span class="ff3 ls9">\u2013</span> Agra, <span class="_0 blank"></span>16<span class="_2 blank"> </span>68).<span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa he y8e ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Jesuíta. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Escreveu uma gram<span class="_1 blank"></span>ática do <span class="_1 blank"></span>sânscrito, <span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ff1">Grammatica <span class="_1 blank"></span>linguae </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 he y8f ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Sanscretanae <span class="_0 blank"></span>Brachma<span class="_2 blank"> </span>num <span class="_0 blank"></span>In<span class="_2 blank"></span>diae <span class="_1 blank"></span>Orientalis,<span class="ff2"> <span class="_1 blank"></span>em 1660. </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h8 y90 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls2">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">BENJAMIN SCHULTZE. </span></div><div class="t m0 xa he y91 ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Missionário <span class="_0 blank"></span>que contribuiu <span class="_0 blank"></span>à tradução <span class="_1 blank"></span>da Bíblia <span class="_1 blank"></span>para o tâm<span class="_0 blank"></span>il com outro </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 he y92 ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pastor <span class="_0 blank"></span>alemão, Bartolom<span class="_0 blank"></span>äus Ziegenbalg. </div><div class="t m0 xa he y93 ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls29">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">No 19 de a<span class="_1 blank"></span>gosto de 1725, <span class="_1 blank"></span>Schultze <span class="_0 blank"></span>escreveu<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"></span>uma carta <span class="_1 blank"></span>para um<span class="_1 blank"></span> tal </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 he y94 ff3 fsc fc0 sc0 ls33">\u201c<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0">Professor <span class="_0 blank"></span>Franken<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ws15">\u201d</span>, <span class="_0 blank"></span>na qu<span class="_2 blank"> </span>al <span class="_1 blank"></span>comentou as <span class="_1 blank"></span>semel<span class="_1 blank"></span>hanças entre <span class="_1 blank"></span>os numerais </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 he y95 ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">em sânscrito, <span class="_0 blank"></span>latim<span class="_0 blank"></span> e alemão. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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