Aula 10

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Língua Inglesa - Aspectos Morfossintáticos
Noélia Lobos
Aula 10
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Position of adverbs
In English, there are five different position for adverbs:
Beginning of a sentence;
Before the first auxiliary;
After the first auxiliary;
Before the main verb;
At the end of a sentence.
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Position of adverbs
Initiating a sentence
Probably, we won’t eat the spinach.
Unfortunately, we ate the spinach.
Before the first auxiliary
We most likely will not eat the spinach.
We certainly are eating the spinach.
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Position of adverbs
After the first auxiliary
We will seldom eat spinach.
I am never eating spinach again.
Before the main verb
We might have reluctantly eaten spinach.
Popeye voluntarily eats spinach.
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Position of adverbs
Sentence-finally
He ate the spinach quickly.
We ate the spinach, unfortunately.
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Prepositions
The preposition is a part of speech which denotes the relations between objects and phenomena.
It shows relationships in time and space and relationships between ideas (logical relationships).
A preposition in a prepositional phrase is always followed by a noun, a pronoun, or another word that can replace a noun, such as an -ing form (Gerund). 
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Prepositions
Morphologically, prepositions do not undergo inflection yet, they can be substituted for (or indicate the same grammatical functions as) inflection.
the cover of the book = the book’s cover
As to their morphological structure prepositions fall under the following groups
simple (in, on, at, for, with, etc.);
Derivative /dɪˈrɪv.ə.t̬ɪv/ (behind, below, across, along, etc.);
compound (inside, outside, within, without, etc.);
Composite /kɑmˈpɑz·ɪt, kəm-/ (because of, in front of, in accordance with, etc.)
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Prepositions
Syntactically, a preliminary phrase structure rule for a Prepositional Phrase is 
Prepositional Phrase 
 Preposition Noun Phrase
Jack went to the movies. 
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Prepositions
Following the adverbs rules, evidences of the prepositional phrases are: 
Pronominalization;
Wh- movement;
Coordination.
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Prepositions
Pronominalization
Martin lives just outside the city limits.
Martin lives there, too.	 pronoun
So, just outside the city limits functions as a prepositional phrase.
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Prepositions
Wh- movement
The student went straight to school.
The student went where?
Where did the student go?
So, straight to school functions as a prepositional phrase.
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Prepositions
Coordination
He fell clean through the roof and right onto the floor.
So clean through the roof and right onto the floor are prepositional phrases.
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Vídeo
Vídeo: revisão de prepositions and prepositional phrases:
https://youtu.be/OExHQPdAW1Q
Língua Inglesa - Aspectos Morfossintáticos
Noélia Lobos
Atividade 10
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Locating prepositions
Locate the prepositional phrases in each of the following sentences. 
Remember: some sentences can have more than one PP. 
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Take the child to the store on 5th Avenue for some new clothes. 
As the snow gradually melted near that neighborhood, people with snow shovels in their hands emerged from their homes. 
Meg answered the telephone within a minute of the first ring. 
Under normal circumstances, we keep all records in the file cabinet until the next semester.
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Explanation - Correção
to the store - on 5th Avenue - for some new clothes.
near that neighborhood - with snow shovels - in their hands - from their homes.
within a minute - of the first ring.
Under normal circumstances - in the file cabinet - until the next semester.