TabelaEntalpias

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2
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1
5
−200
−200
−100
−100
 0 
 0 
 100 
 100 
 200 
 200 
 300 
 300 
 400 
 400 
 500 
 500 
 600 
 600 
Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
 0.01 0.01 
 0.02 0.02 
 0.04 0.04 
 0.06 0.06 
 0.08 0.08 
 0.1 0.1 
 0.2 0.2 
 0.4 0.4 
 0.6 0.6 
 0.8 0.8 
 1. 1. 
 2. 2. 
 4. 4. 
 6. 6. 
 8. 8. 
 10. 10. 
 20. 20. 
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
 
(
M
P
a
)
 Air 
 (R­729) 
 reference state: 
 h = 0.0 kJ/kg, s = 0.00 kJ/(kg·K) 
 for ideal gas at 0 K 
 
s a
t u
r a
t e
d 
l i q
u i
d 
 
s a
t u
r a
t e
d 
v a
p o
r 
 c.p. 
 
0 .
1 
 
0 .
2 
 
0 .
3 
 
x 
=
 0
. 4
 
 
0 .
5 
 
0 .
6 
 
0 .
7 
 
0 .
8 
 
0 .
9 
 
0 . 1 0 
 
0 . 1 5 
 
0 . 2 0 
 
0 . 3 0 
 
0 . 4 0 
 
0 . 6 0 
 
0 . 8 0 
 
1 . 0 
 
1 . 5 
 
2 . 0 
 
3 . 0 
 
4 . 0 
 
6 . 0 
 
8 . 0 
 
1 0 . 
 
1 5 . 
 
2 0 . 
 
3 0 . 
 
4 0 . 
 
6 0 . 
 
1 0 0 . 
 
1 5 0 . 
 
2 0 0 .
 
 
3 0 0
. 
 
4 0
0 . 
 
5 0
0 . 
 
6 0
0 .
 
 
7 0
0 .
 
 
8 0
0 .
 
 
9 0
0 .
 
 
2 .
6 0
 
 
2 .
8 0
 
 
3 .
0 0
 
 
3 .
2 0
 
 
3 .
4 0
 
 
3 .
6 0
 
 
3 .
8 0
 
 
4 .
0 0
 
 
4 .
2 0
 
 
4 .
4 0
 
 
4 .
6 0
 
 
4 .
8 0
 
 
5 .
0 0
 
 
5 .
2 0
 
 
5 .
4 0
 
 
5 .
6 0
 
 
5 .
8 0
 
 
6 .
0 0
 
 
6 .
2 0
 
 
6 .
4 0
 
 
6 . 6
0 
 
6 . 8
0 
 
7 . 0
0 
 
7 . 2
0 
 
s =
 7 . 4
0 k
J / ( k g
· K )
 
7 . 6 0
 
 
7 . 8 0
 
 
7 0
 
 
T 
= 
8 0
 K
 
 
9 0
 
 
1 0
0 
 
1 1
0 
 70 
 80 
 90 
 T = 100 K 
 110 
 120 
 
1 0
0 1
2 0
 
 
1 4
0 
 
1 6
0 
 
1 8
0 
 
2 0
0 
 
2 2
0 
 
2 4
0 
 
2 6
0 
 
2 8
0 
 
3 0
0 
 
3 2
0 
 
3 4
0 
 
3 6
0 
 
3 8
0 
 
4 0
0 
 
4 2
0 
 
4 4
0 
 
T 
= 
4 6
0 
K 
 
4 8
0 
 
5 0
0 
 
8 0 . k g / m
3
ρ   =  
FIG. 2­5 Pressure­enthalpy diagram for dry air. Properties computed with the NIST REFPROP Database, Version 7.0 (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., 2002, NIST Standard Refer­
ence Database 23, NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, Standard Reference Data Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology), based on the
equation of state of Lemmon, E. W., Jacobsen, R. T., Penoncello, S. G., and Friend, D. G., “Thermodynamic Properties of Air and Mixtures of Nitrogen, Argon, and Oxygen from 60 to 2000 K at Pressures to
2000 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 29:331–385, 2000.
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4
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TABLE 2­199 Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide
Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound speed Joule­Thomson Therm. cond. Viscosity
K MPa mol/dm3 dm3/mol kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/(mol K) kJ/(mol K) kJ/(mol K) m/s K/MPa mW/(m K) µPa s
Saturated Properties
216.59 0.51796 26.777 0.037345 3.5030 3.5223 0.022943 0.042895 0.085960 975.85 −0.14430 180.63 256.70
220.00 0.59913 26.497 0.037740 3.7943 3.8169 0.024279 0.042682 0.086338 951.21 −0.13180 176.15 242.01
225.00 0.73509 26.078 0.038347 4.2235 4.2517 0.026209 0.042383 0.087024 915.16 −0.11104 169.67 222.19
230.00 0.89291 25.646 0.038992 4.6554 4.6902 0.028110 0.042103 0.087886 879.09 −0.086994 163.28 204.23
235.00 1.0747 25.201 0.039680 5.0908 5.1334 0.029986 0.041843 0.088954 842.88 −0.059053 156.98 187.88
240.00 1.2825 24.742 0.040418 5.5303 5.5821 0.031840 0.041605 0.090263 806.38 −0.026454 150.75 172.96
245.00 1.5185 24.264 0.041213 5.9749 6.0375 0.033678 0.041393 0.091866 769.44 0.011808 144.58 159.30
250.00 1.7850 23.767 0.042075 6.4256 6.5007 0.035505 0.041212 0.093831 731.78 0.057087 138.47 146.74
255.00 2.0843 23.246 0.043018 6.8836 6.9733 0.037326 0.041079 0.096251 693.01 0.11121 132.40 135.14
260.00 2.4188 22.697 0.044059 7.3505 7.4571 0.039148 0.041029 0.099258 652.58 0.17663 126.35 124.40
265.00 2.7909 22.114 0.045219 7.8282 7.9544 0.040979 0.041109 0.10306 610.07 0.25672 120.31 114.40
270.00 3.2033 21.491 0.046531 8.3190 8.4681 0.042829 0.041351 0.10798 565.46 0.35639 114.25 105.02
275.00 3.6589 20.817 0.048037 8.8266 9.0024 0.044711 0.041750 0.11457 519.14 0.48324 108.17 96.174
280.00 4.1607 20.077 0.049808 9.3560 9.5633 0.046643 0.042270 0.12385 471.54 0.64959 102.03 87.731
285.00 4.7123 19.247 0.051957 9.9154 10.160 0.048657 0.042900 0.13790 422.75 0.87650 95.810 79.548
290.00 5.3177 18.284 0.054693 10.519 10.810 0.050805 0.043734 0.16176 371.95 1.2037 89.546 71.409
295.00 5.9822 17.100 0.058480 11.197 11.547 0.053196 0.045175 0.21098 315.91 1.7218 83.558 62.936
300.00 6.7131 15.434 0.064793 12.036 12.471 0.056151 0.049288 0.38279 245.67 2.7258 80.593 53.107
304.13 7.3773 10.625 0.094118 13.928 14.622 0.063094 0 5.8665
216.59 0.51796 0.31268 3.1982 17.286 18.943 0.094138 0.027691 0.039992 222.78 26.174 11.014 10.951
220.00 0.59913 0.35941 2.7824 17.329 18.996 0.093276 0.028120 0.040943 223.15 25.084 11.301 11.135
225.00 0.73509 0.43766 2.2849 17.387 19.067 0.092055 0.028782 0.042489 223.49 23.617 11.745 11.409
230.00 0.89291 0.52878 1.8912 17.438 19.127 0.090878 0.029488 0.044244 223.57 22.288 12.221 11.689
235.00 1.0747 0.63442 1.5762 17.481 19.175 0.089736 0.030241 0.046248 223.40 21.077 12.736 11.976
240.00 1.2825 0.75654 1.3218 17.515 19.210 0.088622 0.031042 0.048555 222.96 19.969 13.297 12.272
245.00 1.5185 0.89743 1.1143 17.538 19.230 0.087526 0.031899 0.051242 222.24 18.950 13.917 12.579
250.00 1.7850 1.0599 0.94353 17.550 19.234 0.086439 0.032827 0.054421 221.22 18.005 14.610 12.902
255.00 2.0843 1.2472 0.80180 17.549 19.220 0.085352 0.033844 0.058244 219.87 17.117 15.396 13.245
260.00 2.4188 1.4637 0.68320 17.532 19.185 0.084254 0.034955 0.062912 218.19 16.277 16.306 13.614
265.00 2.7909 1.7149 0.58314 17.498 19.125 0.083133 0.036164 0.068721 216.15 15.476 17.381 14.017
270.00 3.2033 2.0080 0.49800 17.441 19.037 0.081972 0.037482 0.076168 213.75 14.704 18.687 14.469
275.00 3.6589 2.3535 0.42490 17.359 18.913 0.080750 0.038949 0.086123 210.96 13.947 20.325 14.987
280.00 4.1607 2.7663 0.36150 17.241 18.746 0.079437 0.040628 0.10020 207.72 13.185 22.468 15.601
285.00 4.7123 3.2702 0.30579 17.078 18.519 0.077987 0.042629 0.12177 203.94 12.387 25.424 16.361
290.00 5.3177 3.9074 0.25593 16.848 18.209 0.076319 0.045155 0.15906 199.45 11.509 29.821 17.357
295.00 5.9822 4.7654 0.20985 16.509 17.764 0.074270 0.048677 0.23904 193.84 10.459 37.215 18.792
300.00 6.7131 6.1028 0.16386 15.935 17.035 0.071364 0.054908 0.52463 185.33 9.0093 53.689 21.306
304.13 7.3773 10.625 0.094118 13.928 14.622 0.063094 0 5.8665
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Single­Phase Properties
250.00 0.10000 0.048542 20.601 18.448 20.509 0.11415 0.026766 0.035428 247.79 17.399 12.950 12.565
450.00 0.10000 0.026758 37.372 24.664 28.401 0.13712 0.034775 0.043148 324.41 4.0212 29.346 21.901
650.00 0.10000 0.018506 54.037 32.199 37.602 0.15397 0.040192 0.048529 385.01 1.6551 45.466 29.873
850.00 0.10000 0.014148 70.683 40.636 47.705 0.16750 0.043944 0.052271 437.11 0.78058 60.295 36.707
1050.0 0.10000 0.011452 87.321 49.704 58.436 0.17883 0.046573 0.054895 483.65 0.34646 73.843 42.692
250.00 1.0000 0.53250 1.8779 18.023 19.901 0.093263 0.029361 0.042504 235.08 17.606 13.584 12.691
450.00 1.0000 0.27038 3.6985 24.546 28.244 0.11771 0.034954 0.043866 322.89 3.9880 29.620 21.954
650.00 1.0000 0.18527 5.3976 32.133 37.530 0.13473 0.040239 0.048779385.36 1.6311 45.651 29.907
850.00 1.0000 0.14131 7.0767 40.591 47.668 0.14830 0.043965 0.052397 438.06 0.76632 60.435 36.732
1050.0 1.0000 0.11430 8.7487 49.671 58.419 0.15965 0.046585 0.054970 484.84 0.33777 73.956 42.712
250.00 5.0000 24.060 0.041563 6.2824 6.4902 0.034925 0.041321 0.090937 762.21 0.015208 142.22 153.15
287.43 5.0000 18.798 0.053196 10.202 10.468 0.049681 0.043268 0.14775 398.39 1.0195 92.760 75.598
287.43 5.0000 3.5600 0.28090 16.977 18.381 0.077209 0.043774 0.13705 201.86 11.974 27.323 16.808
450.00 5.0000 1.4155 0.70647 24.000 27.533 0.10313 0.035769 0.047478 317.50 3.8034 31.164 22.429
650.00 5.0000 0.92982 1.0755 31.842 37.219 0.12091 0.040445 0.049898 387.59 1.5263 46.589 30.157
850.00 5.0000 0.70241 1.4237 40.395 47.513 0.13469 0.044055 0.052945 442.64 0.70611 61.117 36.899
1050.0 5.0000 0.56658 1.7650 49.524 58.349 0.14613 0.046637 0.055297 490.31 0.30129 74.494 42.836
250.00 10.000 24.459 0.040885 6.0862 6.4950 0.034120 0.041488 0.087624 804.05 −0.034849 147.52 162.47
450.00 10.000 2.9910 0.33433 23.276 26.619 0.095787 0.036785 0.052935 314.60 3.4705 33.917 23.679
650.00 10.000 1.8632 0.53671 31.482 36.849 0.11461 0.040693 0.051293 391.91 1.3965 48.005 30.687
850.00 10.000 1.3930 0.71790 40.155 47.334 0.12866 0.044164 0.053603 449.04 0.63635 62.093 37.224
1050.0 10.000 1.1205 0.89248 49.347 58.271 0.14021 0.046701 0.055685 497.48 0.25964 75.242 43.066
250.00 100.00 28.075 0.035619 4.3002 7.8621 0.026023 0.043569 0.073521 1227.6 −0.27302 206.28 287.05
450.00 100.00 19.246 0.051959 16.560 21.756 0.067062 0.040841 0.066107 753.30 −0.11128 106.65 83.996
650.00 100.00 13.677 0.073117 27.132 34.444 0.090445 0.043108 0.061252 646.36 −0.054084 86.093 58.868
850.00 100.00 10.636 0.094022 37.076 46.478 0.10660 0.045620 0.059534 646.61 −0.13292 87.259 54.445
1050.0 100.00 8.7929 0.11373 46.995 58.368 0.11916 0.047676 0.059512 668.90 −0.21482 94.022 55.058
450.00 500.00 28.922 0.034576 13.014 30.302 0.050604 0.047702 0.063434 1576.4 −0.38514 239.59 303.64
650.00 500.00 25.661 0.038969 23.302 42.786 0.073576 0.048419 0.061885 1404.7 −0.40369 197.25 191.14
850.00 500.00 23.144 0.043208 33.551 55.155 0.090166 0.049676 0.061912 1320.1 −0.41098 177.31 145.07
1050.0 500.00 21.126 0.047334 43.903 67.570 0.10328 0.050818 0.062247 1278.7 −0.41674 168.50 123.33
The values in these tables were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermody­
namic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermody­
namic properties is Span, R., and Wagner, W., “A New Equation of State for Carbon Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region from the Triple­Point Temperature to 1100 K at Pressures up to 800 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem.
Ref. Data 25(6):1509–1596, 1996. The source for viscosity is Fenghour, A., Wakeham, W. A., and Vesovic, V., “The Viscosity of Carbon Dioxide,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27:31–44, 1998. The source for thermal
conductivity is Vesovic, V., Wakeham, W. A., Olchowy, G. A., Sengers, J. V., Watson, J. T. R., and Millat, J., “The Transport Properties of Carbon Dioxide,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19:763–808, 1990.
Properties at the triple point temperature and the critical point temperature are given in the first and last entries of the saturation tables, respectively. In the single­phase table, when the temperature range for
a given isobar includes a vapor­liquid phase boundary, the temperature of phase equilibrium is noted, and properties for both the saturated liquid and saturated vapor are given (with liquid properties given in
the upper line). Lines are omitted from the temperature­pressure grid of the single­phase table, when the system would be in the solid phase or if there are potential problems with the source property surface. 
At pressures up to 30 MPa and temperatures up to 523 K, the estimated uncertainty ranges from 0.03% to 0.05% in density, 0.03% (in the vapor) to 1% in the speed of sound (0.5% in the liquid), and 0.15%
(in the vapor) to 1.5% (in the liquid) in heat capacity. Special interest has been focused on the description of the critical region and the extrapolation behavior of the formulation (to the limits of chemical stabil­
ity). The uncertainty in viscosity ranges from 0.3% in the dilute gas near room temperature to 5% at the highest pressures. The uncertainty in thermal conductivity is less than 5%.
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TABLE 2­233 Thermodynamic Properties of Methane
Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound speed Joule­Thomson Therm. cond. Viscosity
K MPa mol/dm3 dm3/mol kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/(mol K) kJ/(mol K) kJ/(mol K) m/s K/MPa mW/(m K) µPa s
Saturated Properties
90.694 0.011696 28.142 0.035534 −1.1526 −1.1522 −0.011389 0.034776 0.054029 1538.6 −0.48191 211.24 204.52
100.00 0.034376 27.357 0.036554 −0.64728 −0.64602 −0.0060856 0.033908 0.054681 1452.0 −0.45812 199.67 155.78
105.00 0.056377 26.923 0.037143 −0.37306 −0.37097 −0.0034096 0.033500 0.055135 1403.9 −0.44202 193.03 136.86
110.00 0.088130 26.478 0.037768 −0.096585 −0.093257 −0.00083691 0.033115 0.055656 1354.7 −0.42328 186.18 121.34
115.00 0.13221 26.021 0.038431 0.18242 0.18750 0.0016441 0.032749 0.056253 1304.6 −0.40145 179.21 108.39
120.00 0.19143 25.551 0.039138 0.46425 0.47174 0.0040439 0.032400 0.056941 1253.5 −0.37589 172.15 97.432
125.00 0.26876 25.065 0.039896 0.74927 0.75999 0.0063722 0.032069 0.057741 1201.3 −0.34578 165.04 88.031
130.00 0.36732 24.562 0.040714 1.0379 1.0529 0.0086383 0.031757 0.058684 1148.1 −0.31006 157.91 79.868
135.00 0.49035 24.038 0.041600 1.3307 1.3511 0.010851 0.031469 0.059809 1093.6 −0.26735 150.78 72.699
140.00 0.64118 23.491 0.042569 1.6284 1.6557 0.013020 0.031206 0.061169 1037.7 −0.21579 143.65 66.333
145.00 0.82322 22.917 0.043636 1.9317 1.9676 0.015154 0.030974 0.062840 980.17 −0.15286 136.54 60.620
150.00 1.0400 22.309 0.044825 2.2418 2.2884 0.017264 0.030780 0.064932 920.85 −0.075032 129.43 55.437
155.00 1.2950 21.661 0.046165 2.5602 2.6199 0.019362 0.030631 0.067613 859.39 0.022798 122.32 50.682
160.00 1.5921 20.964 0.047702 2.8887 2.9647 0.021462 0.030541 0.071156 795.43 0.14836 115.19 46.266
165.00 1.9351 20.202 0.049500 3.2304 3.3262 0.023584 0.030531 0.076044 728.42 0.31398 108.01 42.105
170.00 2.3283 19.355 0.051667 3.5895 3.7098 0.025755 0.030634 0.083218 657.52 0.54087 100.73 38.115
175.00 2.7765 18.384 0.054394 3.9734 4.1244 0.028021 0.030920 0.094816 581.27 0.86918 93.324 34.196
180.00 3.2852 17.218 0.058078 4.3965 4.5873 0.030467 0.031554 0.11699 497.01 1.3866 85.799 30.193
185.00 3.8617 15.668 0.063825 4.8955 5.1420 0.033313 0.033085 0.17822 398.59 2.3397 78.733 25.773
190.00 4.5186 12.515 0.079902 5.7074 6.0685 0.038000 0.041746 1.5082 250.31 5.2488 96.970 18.982
190.56 4.5992 10.139 0.098628 6.2136 6.6672 0.041109 0 6.8877
90.694 0.011696 0.015630 63.981 6.8310 7.5793 0.084885 0.025243 0.033851 249.13 47.921 8.8517 3.6388
100.00 0.034376 0.042048 23.782 7.0469 7.8644 0.079019 0.025487 0.034425 260.09 37.826 10.015 3.9976
105.00 0.056377 0.066154 15.116 7.1582 8.0104 0.076413 0.025652 0.034853 265.31 33.883 10.669 4.1951
110.00 0.088130 0.099622 10.038 7.2654 8.1501 0.074103 0.025842 0.035378 270.01 30.662 11.350 4.3964
115.00 0.13221 0.14457 6.9171 7.3680 8.2825 0.072036 0.026056 0.036016 274.17 28.004 12.062 4.6019
120.00 0.19143 0.20332 4.9183 7.4652 8.4067 0.070168 0.026295 0.036786 277.76 25.790 12.811 4.8123
125.00 0.26876 0.27844 3.5915 7.5562 8.5215 0.068464 0.026560 0.037714 280.76 23.928 13.604 5.0285
130.00 0.36732 0.37278 2.6825 7.6403 8.6257 0.066891 0.026854 0.038836 283.13 22.347 14.449 5.2517
135.00 0.49035 0.48962 2.0424 7.7165 8.7180 0.065421 0.027182 0.040203 284.86 20.993 15.355 5.4833
140.00 0.64118 0.63279 1.5803 7.7837 8.7970 0.064029 0.027549 0.041885285.93 19.819 16.334 5.7254
145.00 0.82322 0.80691 1.2393 7.8406 8.8608 0.062694 0.027965 0.043985 286.31 18.789 17.402 5.9806
150.00 1.0400 1.0177 0.98256 7.8856 8.9074 0.061391 0.028439 0.046657 285.97 17.870 18.581 6.2526
155.00 1.2950 1.2728 0.78568 7.9166 8.9340 0.060098 0.028989 0.050144 284.88 17.035 19.904 6.5462
160.00 1.5921 1.5821 0.63206 7.9306 8.9369 0.058789 0.029636 0.054849 283.01 16.255 21.423 6.8688
165.00 1.9351 1.9603 0.51014 7.9238 8.9109 0.057431 0.030412 0.061496 280.30 15.500 23.225 7.2313
170.00 2.3283 2.4294 0.41163 7.8898 8.8482 0.055982 0.031374 0.071527 276.66 14.732 25.477 7.6515
175.00 2.7765 3.0268 0.33038 7.8184 8.7357 0.054371 0.032615 0.088273 271.99 13.896 28.545 8.1609
180.00 3.2852 3.8257 0.26139 7.6893 8.5480 0.052471 0.034338 0.12151 266.04 12.892 33.392 8.8251
185.00 3.8617 5.0137 0.19945 7.4515 8.2217 0.049961 0.037087 0.21701 258.03 11.492 43.706 9.8238
190.00 4.5186 7.8027 0.12816 6.7850 7.3641 0.044819 0.045796 2.2590 238.55 8.4951 119.40 12.455
190.56 4.5992 10.139 0.098628 6.2136 6.6672 0.041109 0 6.8877
Single­Phase Properties
100.00 0.10000 27.360 0.036549 −0.64803 −0.64438 −0.0060931 0.033911 0.054672 1452.6 −0.45829 199.74 155.91
111.51 0.10000 26.341 0.037963 −0.012738 −0.0089413 −0.000079677 0.033003 0.055828 1339.7 −0.41705 184.09 117.20
111.51 0.10000 0.11186 8.9395 7.2969 8.1908 0.073456 0.025904 0.035558 271.33 29.808 11.561 4.4579
200.00 0.10000 0.060518 16.524 9.5570 11.209 0.093427 0.025259 0.033784 369.98 9.2893 21.941 7.8096
300.00 0.10000 0.040158 24.901 12.175 14.665 0.10741 0.027479 0.035869 449.74 4.3216 34.552 11.245
400.00 0.10000 0.030082 33.243 15.151 18.475 0.11834 0.032300 0.040652 510.56 2.2395 50.127 14.272
500.00 0.10000 0.024055 41.572 18.673 22.831 0.12803 0.038196 0.046533 561.86 1.2245 68.564 16.976
600.00 0.10000 0.020042 49.895 22.795 27.784 0.13705 0.044179 0.052509 608.04 0.68722 88.921 19.431
100.00 1.0000 27.403 0.036493 −0.65829 −0.62179 −0.0061960 0.033950 0.054562 1459.6 −0.46060 200.62 157.63
149.14 1.0000 22.416 0.044610 2.1878 2.2325 0.016902 0.030810 0.064535 931.21 −0.089695 130.66 56.297
149.14 1.0000 0.97852 1.0220 7.8788 8.9007 0.061614 0.028353 0.046147 286.08 18.022 18.368 6.2043
200.00 1.0000 0.64363 1.5537 9.3582 10.912 0.073276 0.025879 0.036730 357.81 9.5001 23.028 8.0145
300.00 1.0000 0.40776 2.4524 12.072 14.524 0.087922 0.027621 0.036721 447.04 4.2699 35.152 11.367
400.00 1.0000 0.30205 3.3108 15.083 18.393 0.099023 0.032360 0.041056 510.57 2.2001 50.558 14.357
500.00 1.0000 0.24058 4.1567 18.623 22.780 0.10879 0.038227 0.046766 562.99 1.1998 68.902 17.040
600.00 1.0000 0.20012 4.9971 22.755 27.752 0.11784 0.044198 0.052659 609.73 0.67124 89.200 19.483
100.00 5.0000 27.586 0.036250 −0.70190 −0.52065 −0.0066393 0.034116 0.054117 1490.0 −0.46993 204.45 165.28
200.00 5.0000 5.4706 0.18279 7.8197 8.7337 0.051495 0.032029 0.11667 291.29 8.9784 40.612 10.828
300.00 5.0000 2.1799 0.45874 11.590 13.884 0.072954 0.028262 0.041234 439.25 3.9428 38.480 12.194
400.00 5.0000 1.5333 0.65221 14.779 18.040 0.084897 0.032614 0.042903 513.11 2.0089 52.693 14.872
500.00 5.0000 1.2013 0.83240 18.401 22.563 0.094971 0.038361 0.047789 569.49 1.0870 70.509 17.410
600.00 5.0000 0.99281 1.0072 22.581 27.617 0.10417 0.044277 0.053309 618.13 0.60013 90.498 19.768
100.00 10.000 27.802 0.035969 −0.75239 −0.39270 −0.0071652 0.034314 0.053642 1525.7 −0.47979 209.07 174.83
200.00 10.000 16.593 0.060268 5.1551 5.7578 0.034542 0.030129 0.085085 567.92 1.0266 84.234 29.399
300.00 10.000 4.6859 0.21340 10.942 13.077 0.065137 0.028995 0.048165 444.53 3.2606 44.730 13.896
400.00 10.000 3.1002 0.32256 14.401 17.627 0.078246 0.032902 0.045220 522.58 1.7355 55.941 15.766
500.00 10.000 2.3887 0.41863 18.132 22.318 0.088698 0.038516 0.049007 580.99 0.94125 72.781 18.011
600.00 10.000 1.9619 0.50971 22.371 27.468 0.098073 0.044371 0.054070 630.63 0.51200 92.268 20.217
200.00 100.00 25.496 0.039222 3.0510 6.9732 0.020596 0.032058 0.048512 1541.0 −0.51619 188.05 80.392
300.00 100.00 21.266 0.047024 7.0865 11.789 0.040126 0.031823 0.048281 1267.5 −0.44889 137.68 47.835
400.00 100.00 17.881 0.055926 11.121 16.713 0.054276 0.035273 0.050523 1115.8 −0.37484 120.38 37.584
500.00 100.00 15.305 0.065340 15.405 21.939 0.065922 0.040312 0.054139 1044.8 −0.32811 120.87 33.590
600.00 100.00 13.357 0.074869 20.074 27.561 0.076160 0.045724 0.058364 1018.4 −0.30439 130.36 32.111
200.00 500.00 33.003 0.030301 2.3322 17.482 0.0061671 0.037832 0.047821 2664.2 −0.53926 429.60 205.24
300.00 500.00 30.786 0.032482 5.9505 22.192 0.025271 0.037006 0.047114 2500.0 −0.55416 358.93 106.90
400.00 500.00 28.929 0.034567 9.7401 27.024 0.039152 0.039890 0.049933 2360.3 −0.52806 312.36 78.768
500.00 500.00 27.331 0.036588 13.934 32.228 0.050747 0.044407 0.054280 2250.3 −0.49035 285.41 66.669
600.00 500.00 25.934 0.038559 18.612 37.892 0.061061 0.049344 0.059017 2168.1 −0.45514 272.14 60.413
The values in these tables were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic
and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic prop­
erties is Setzmann, U., and Wagner, W., “A New Equation of State and Tables of Thermodynamic Properties for Methane Covering the Range from the Melting Line to 625 K at Pressures up to 1000 MPa,” J. Phys.
Chem. Ref. Data 20(6):1061–1151, 1991. The source for viscosity is Younglove, B. A., and Ely, J. F., “Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane and Normal Butane,” J. Phys.
Chem. Ref. Data 16:577–798, 1987. The source for thermal conductivity is Friend, D. G., Ely, J. F., and Ingham, H., “Tables for the Thermophysical Properties of Methane,” NIST Tech. Note 1325, 1989.
Properties at the triple point temperature and the critical point temperature are given in the first and last entries of the saturation tables, respectively. In the single­phase table, when the temperature range for
a given isobar includes a vapor­liquid phase boundary, the temperature of phase equilibrium is noted, and properties for both the saturated liquid and saturated vapor are given (with liquid properties given in
the upper line). Lines are omitted from the temperature­pressure grid of the single­phase table, when the system would be in the solid phase or if there are potential problems with the source property surface. 
The uncertainties in density are 0.03% for pressures below 12 MPa and temperatures below 350 K and up to 0.07% for pressures less than 50 MPa. For the speed of sound, the uncertainty ranges from 0.03% (in the
vapor phase) to 0.3% depending on temperature and pressure. Heat capacities may be generally calculated within an uncertainty of 1%. The uncertainty in viscosity is 2%, except in the critical region which is 5%. The
uncertainty in thermal conductivity of the dilute gas between 130 and 625 K is 2.5%. For temperatures below 130 K, the uncertainty is less than 10%. Excluding the dilute gas, the uncertainty is 2% between 110 and 725
K at pressures up to 70 MPa, except near the critical point which has an uncertainty of 5% or greater. For the vapor at lower temperatures and the dense liquid near the triple point, an uncertainty of 10% is possible.
2
­2
9
7
2
­3
0
9
FIG. 2­13 Pressure­enthalpy diagram for nitrogen. Properties computed with the NIST REFPROP Database, Version 7.0 (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., 2002, NIST Standard Refer­
ence Database 23, NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, Standard Reference Data Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology), based on the
equation of state of Span, R., Lemmon, E. W., Jacobsen, R. T., Wagner, W., and Yokozeki, A,. “A ReferenceEquation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen for Temperatures from 63.151 to 1000
K and Pressures to 2200 MPa.,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 29:1361–1433, 2000.
−200
−200
−100
−100
 0 
 0 
 100 
 100 
 200 
 200 
 300 
 300 
 400 
 400 
 500 
 500 
 600 
 600 
Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
 0.01 0.01 
 0.02 0.02 
 0.04 0.04 
 0.06 0.06 
 0.08 0.08 
 0.1 0.1 
 0.2 0.2 
 0.4 0.4 
 0.6 0.6 
 0.8 0.8 
 1. 1. 
 2. 2. 
 4. 4. 
 6. 6. 
 8. 8. 
 10. 10. 
 20. 20. 
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
 
(
M
P
a
)
 Nitrogen 
 (R­728) 
 reference state: 
 h = 0.0 kJ/kg, s = 0.00 kJ/(kg·K) 
 for ideal gas at 0 K 
 
s a
t u
r a
t e
d 
l i q
u i
d 
 
s a
t u
r a
t e
d 
v a
p o
r 
 
f r e
e z
i n
g 
l i n
e 
 c.p. 
 
0 .
1 
 
0 .
2 
 
0 .
3 
 
x 
=
 0
. 4
 
 
0 .
5 
 
0 .
6 
 
0 .
7 
 
0 .
8 
 
0 .
9 
 
0 . 1 0 
 
0 . 1 5 
 
0 . 2 0 
 
0 . 3 0 
 
0 . 4 0 
 
0 . 6 0 
 
0 . 8 0 
 
1 . 0 
 
1 . 5 
 
2 . 0 
 
3 . 0 
 
4 . 0 
 
6 . 0 
 
8 . 0 
 
1 0 . 
 
1 5 . 
 
2 0 . 
 
3 0 . 
 
4 0 . 
 
6 0 . 
 
1 0 0 . 
 
1 5 0 . 
 
2 0 0 .
 
 
3 0 0
. 
 
4 0
0 . 
 
5 0
0 . 
 
6 0
0 .
 
 
7 0
0 .
 
 
8 0
0 .
 
 
2 .
6 0
 
 
2 .
8 0
 
 
3 .
0 0
 
3 .
2 0
 
 
3 .
4 0
 
 
3 .
6 0
 
 
3 .
8 0
 
 
4 .
0 0
 
 
4 .
2 0
 
 
4 .
4 0
 
 
4 .
6 0
 
 
4 .
8 0
 
 
5 .
0 0
 
 
5 .
2 0
 
 
5 .
4 0
 
 
5 .
6 0
 
 
5 .
8 0
 
 
6 .
0 0
 
 
6 . 2
0 
 
6 . 4
0 
 
6 . 6
0 
 
6 . 8
0 
 
7 . 0
0 
 
s =
 7 . 2
0 k
J / ( k g
· K )
 
7 . 4
0 
 
7 . 6 0
 
 
7 . 8 0
 
 
7 0
 
 
T 
= 
8 0
 K
 
 
9 0
 
 
1 0
0
 
1 1
0 
 70 
 80 
 90 
 T = 100 K 
 110 
 120 
 triple point = 63.15 K 
 
1 0
0 1
2 0
 
 
1 4
0 
 
1 6
0 
 
1 8
0 
 
2 0
0 
 
2 2
0 
 
2 4
0 
 
2 6
0 
 
2 8
0 
 
3 0
0 
 
3 2
0 
 
3 4
0 
 
3 6
0 
 
3 8
0 
 
4 0
0 
 
4 2
0 
 
4 4
0 
 
T 
= 
4 6
0 
K 
 
4 8
0 
 
5 0
0 
 
8 0 . k g / m
3
ρ   =  
 solid + vapor region 
2
­3
2
7
TABLE 2­248 Thermodynamic Properties of Propane
Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound speed Joule­Thomson Therm. cond. Viscosity
K MPa mol/dm3 dm3/mol kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/(mol K) kJ/(mol K) kJ/(mol K) m/s K/MPa mW/(m K) µPa s
Saturated Properties
100.00 2.5330E­08 16.287 0.061397 −7.4323 −7.4323 −0.048110 0.058376 0.083833 2030.4 −0.62852 203.23 3780.3
115.00 1.0677E­06 15.941 0.062730 −6.1638 −6.1638 −0.036293 0.058304 0.085262 1930.7 −0.61354 196.90 1822.7
130.00 1.7600E­05 15.596 0.064117 −4.8753 −4.8753 −0.025763 0.058442 0.086525 1827.2 −0.59904 189.40 1080.5
145.00 0.00015328 15.251 0.065568 −3.5682 −3.5682 −0.016249 0.058710 0.087764 1724.5 −0.58338 181.11 729.42
160.00 0.00084980 14.904 0.067094 −2.2418 −2.2418 −0.0075455 0.059141 0.089109 1623.4 −0.56521 172.30 534.62
175.00 0.0033874 14.554 0.068710 −0.89395 −0.89372 0.00050603 0.059774 0.090658 1523.6 −0.54342 163.19 412.89
190.00 0.010547 14.198 0.070434 0.47907 0.47981 0.0080327 0.060636 0.092484 1424.7 −0.51702 153.97 329.94
205.00 0.027195 13.834 0.072288 1.8816 1.8836 0.015137 0.061740 0.094646 1326.6 −0.48497 144.76 269.81
220.00 0.060583 13.459 0.074301 3.3189 3.3234 0.021903 0.063087 0.097193 1229.1 −0.44601 135.72 224.28
235.00 0.12030 13.070 0.076511 4.7964 4.8056 0.028399 0.064672 0.10018 1131.9 −0.39841 126.91 188.66
250.00 0.21798 12.663 0.078968 6.3203 6.3375 0.034686 0.066484 0.10368 1034.8 −0.33958 118.40 160.10
265.00 0.36693 12.234 0.081740 7.8975 7.9275 0.040815 0.068514 0.10780 937.63 −0.26538 110.26 136.69
280.00 0.58173 11.775 0.084925 9.5360 9.5854 0.046833 0.070755 0.11272 839.90 −0.16892 102.52 117.11
295.00 0.87805 11.277 0.088673 11.246 11.324 0.052790 0.073209 0.11880 741.08 −0.037850 95.209 100.38
310.00 1.2726 10.726 0.093229 13.041 13.159 0.058740 0.075898 0.12672 640.30 0.15178 88.324 85.735
325.00 1.7837 10.097 0.099036 14.943 15.120 0.064759 0.078882 0.13817 536.11 0.45297 81.819 72.510
340.00 2.4320 9.3403 0.10706 16.996 17.257 0.070985 0.082328 0.15818 425.33 1.0100 75.581 60.014
355.00 3.2432 8.3162 0.12025 19.317 19.707 0.077769 0.087215 0.21184 300.04 2.3857 69.491 47.137
369.83 4.2477 5.0000 0.20000 23.653 24.503 0.090537 0 12.890
100.00 2.5330E­08 3.0465E­08 32,825,000. 15.887 16.718 0.19339 0.032981 0.041296 153.65 420.53 2.4171 2.9792
115.00 1.0677E­06 1.1166E­06 895,550. 16.399 17.356 0.16822 0.035381 0.043696 163.64 267.23 3.2182 3.3431
130.00 1.7600E­05 1.6284E­05 61,410. 16.947 18.028 0.15042 0.037630 0.045946 172.99 181.79 4.0849 3.7167
145.00 0.00015328 0.00012717 7,863.4 17.527 18.732 0.13755 0.039780 0.048104 181.78 130.32 5.0168 4.0976
160.00 0.00084980 0.00063940 1,564.0 18.137 19.466 0.12813 0.041911 0.050262 190.03 97.395 6.0131 4.4832
175.00 0.0033874 0.0023346 428.34 18.775 20.226 0.12119 0.044098 0.052519 197.68 75.331 7.0721 4.8708
190.00 0.010547 0.0067219 148.77 19.437 21.007 0.11607 0.046406 0.054975 204.61 59.995 8.1917 5.2578
205.00 0.027195 0.016180 61.804 20.120 21.801 0.11230 0.048888 0.057727 210.64 49.008 9.3706 5.6429
220.00 0.060583 0.033974 29.435 20.819 22.602 0.10953 0.051579 0.060867 215.59 40.931 10.611 6.0262
235.00 0.12030 0.064224 15.570 21.528 23.401 0.10753 0.054504 0.064488 219.25 34.865 11.922 6.4107
250.00 0.21798 0.11195 8.9325 22.242 24.189 0.10609 0.057677 0.068703 221.39 30.235 13.323 6.8027
265.00 0.36693 0.18328 5.4561 22.954 24.956 0.10507 0.061104 0.073667 221.82 26.669 14.845 7.2123
280.00 0.58173 0.28598 3.4968 23.656 25.690 0.10435 0.064794 0.079635 220.30 23.923 16.544 7.6551
295.00 0.87805 0.43050 2.3229 24.336 26.376 0.10381 0.068763 0.087064 216.53 21.832 18.503 8.1548
310.00 1.2726 0.63231 1.5815 24.977 26.989 0.10335 0.072895 0.096756 210.16 20.354 20.863 8.7494
325.00 1.7837 0.91726 1.0902 25.543 27.488 0.10282 0.077315 0.11131 200.74 19.511 23.881 9.5073
340.00 2.4320 1.3363 0.74835 25.971 27.791 0.10197 0.083072 0.13963 187.44 19.120 28.187 10.574
355.00 3.2432 2.0253 0.49375 26.098 27.699 0.10028 0.091334 0.22264 168.95 18.854 36.060 12.373
369.83 4.2477 5.0000 0.20000 23.653 24.503 0.090537 0 12.890
Single­Phase Properties
100.00 0.10000 16.288 0.061394 −7.4332 −7.4270 −0.048119 0.058377 0.083831 2030.8 −0.62854 203.26 3784.5
200.00 0.10000 13.958 0.071646 1.4085 1.4157 0.012800 0.061348 0.093874 1359.8 −0.49655 147.87 288.12
230.74 0.10000 13.182 0.075860 4.3719 4.3795 0.026576 0.064197 0.099283 1159.5 −0.41295 129.38 197.97
230.74 0.10000 0.054083 18.490 21.326 23.175 0.10803 0.053648 0.063403 218.35 36.423 11.542 6.3010
300.00 0.10000 0.040726 24.554 25.482 27.937 0.12602 0.065918 0.074796 249.37 16.357 18.513 8.1962
400.00 0.10000 0.030257 33.050 33.084 36.389 0.15020 0.085775 0.094327 286.19 7.1977 30.995 10.819
500.00 0.10000 0.024125 41.452 42.616 46.761 0.17327 0.10431 0.11276 318.30 3.9113 46.363 13.290
100.00 1.0000 16.295 0.061368 −7.4410 −7.3796 −0.048197 0.058391 0.083810 2034.6 −0.62871 203.49 3822.7
200.00 1.0000 13.974 0.071560 1.3862 1.4577 0.012688 0.061383 0.093756 1366.3 −0.49871 148.40 290.36
300.00 1.0000 11.101 0.090085 11.833 11.924 0.054770 0.074077 0.12118 707.81 0.017030 92.871 95.307
300.09 1.0000 11.097 0.090112 11.844 11.934 0.054806 0.074092 0.12123 707.18 0.01814192.828 95.215
2
­3
2
8
TABLE 2­248 Thermodynamic Properties of Propane (Continued)
Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound speed Joule­Thomson Therm. cond. Viscosity
K MPa mol/dm3 dm3/mol kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/(mol K) kJ/(mol K) kJ/(mol K) m/s K/MPa mW/(m K) µPa s
Single­Phase Properties
300.09 1.0000 0.49153 2.0344 24.559 26.593 0.10366 0.070157 0.090035 214.68 21.259 19.249 8.3433
400.00 1.0000 0.32145 3.1109 32.638 35.749 0.12993 0.086666 0.097825 272.57 7.6356 31.915 10.996
500.00 1.0000 0.24776 4.0362 42.322 46.359 0.15353 0.10468 0.11438 311.60 3.9684 47.555 13.477
100.00 5.0000 16.326 0.061251 −7.4751 −7.1688 −0.048542 0.058457 0.083721 2051.3 −0.62944 204.51 3995.6
200.00 5.0000 14.047 0.071191 1.2900 1.6459 0.012202 0.061542 0.093272 1394.2 −0.50758 150.70 300.33
300.00 5.0000 11.363 0.088002 11.506 11.946 0.053658 0.074005 0.11643 779.30 −0.10225 97.139 103.08
400.00 5.0000 2.5448 0.39296 29.499 31.463 0.10822 0.093912 0.16341 197.49 10.349 42.438 14.948
500.00 5.0000 1.4059 0.71129 40.868 44.425 0.13725 0.10638 0.12446 284.88 4.1092 52.411 15.207
100.00 10.000 16.365 0.061108 −7.5164 −6.9053 −0.048966 0.058554 0.083620 2071.2 −0.63025 205.77 4219.8
200.00 10.000 14.133 0.070758 1.1767 1.8843 0.011619 0.061744 0.092746 1427.0 −0.51720 153.49 312.82
300.00 10.000 11.627 0.086007 11.173 12.033 0.052499 0.074065 0.11280 851.72 −0.19531 101.80 111.73
400.00 10.000 7.5861 0.13182 24.108 25.426 0.090675 0.093138 0.16714 338.94 1.7653 68.250 41.091
500.00 10.000 3.2486 0.30783 38.754 41.832 0.12746 0.10818 0.14277 275.78 3.4683 58.851 19.828
100.00 50.000 16.644 0.060081 −7.8016 −4.7976 −0.052119 0.059685 0.083087 2203.4 −0.63391 214.99 6389.5
200.00 50.000 14.696 0.068047 0.46479 3.8672 0.0076714 0.063347 0.090345 1638.0 −0.56103 173.15 416.61
300.00 50.000 12.850 0.077822 9.6226 13.514 0.046601 0.075522 0.10376 1203.5 −0.42987 129.30 167.38
400.00 50.000 11.043 0.090552 20.208 24.735 0.078767 0.092492 0.12069 901.34 −0.26933 103.15 95.902
500.00 50.000 9.3527 0.10692 32.246 37.592 0.10739 0.10930 0.13596 721.97 −0.11844 94.269 63.347
100.00 100.00 16.946 0.059010 −8.0684 −2.1674 −0.055583 0.061388 0.082816 2328.3 −0.63418 225.01 10396.
200.00 100.00 15.221 0.065700 −0.13496 6.4350 0.0038087 0.065107 0.089250 1833.0 −0.58053 193.78 561.59
300.00 100.00 13.700 0.072994 8.6070 15.906 0.042047 0.077244 0.10131 1467.7 −0.49303 155.37 229.66
400.00 100.00 12.331 0.081095 18.712 26.822 0.073340 0.094108 0.11714 1214.6 −0.40159 129.74 138.80
500.00 100.00 11.114 0.089974 30.308 39.306 0.10113 0.11078 0.13224 1052.7 −0.33205 118.57 98.032
The values in these tables were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermody­
namic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermody­
namic properties is Buecker, D., and Wagner, W., “Reference Equations of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Fluid Phase n­Butane and Isobutane,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 35(2):929–1019, 2006. The
source for viscosity is Vogel, E., Kuechenmeister, C., Bich, E., and Laesecke, A., “Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of Propane,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27(5):947–970, 1998. The source for thermal con­
ductivity is Marsh, K., Perkins, R., and Ramires, M.L.V., “Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Propane from 86 to 600 K at Pressures to 70 MPa,” J. Chem. Eng. Data 47(4):932–940,
2002.
Properties at the critical point temperature are given in the last entry of the saturation tables. In the single­phase table, when the temperature range for a given isobar includes a vapor­liquid phase boundary,
the temperature of phase equilibrium is noted, and properties for both the saturated liquid and saturated vapor are given (with liquid properties given in the upper line). Lines are omitted from the temperature­
pressure grid of the single­phase table, when the system would be in the solid phase or if there are potential problems with the source property surface. 
Typical uncertainties in density are 0.02% in the liquid phase, 0.05% in the vapor phase and at supercritical temperatures, and 0.1% in the critical region, except very near the critical point, where the uncer­
tainty in pressure is 0.1%. For vapor pressures, the uncertainty is 0.02% above 180 K, 0.05% above 1 Pa (115 K), and dropping to 0.001 mPa at the triple point. The uncertainty in heat capacity (isobaric, isochoric,
and saturated) is 0.5% at temperatures above 125 K and 2% at temperatures below 125 K for the liquid, and is 0.5% for all vapor states. The uncertainty in the liquid­phase speed of sound is 0.5%, and that for
the vapor phase is 0.05%. The uncertainties are higher for all properties very near the critical point except pressure (saturated vapor/liquid and single phase). The uncertainty in viscosity varies from 0.4% in the
dilute gas between room temperature and 600 K, to about 2.5% from 100 to 475 K up to about 30 MPa, and to about 4% outside this range. Uncertainty in thermal conductivity is 3%, except in the critical region
and dilute gas which have an uncertainty of 5%.