<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h1 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">RADIOATIVIDADE </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Definição: <span class="ff2">radio<span class="_0 blank"></span>atividade<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ou reação nucle<span class="_0 blank"></span>ar<span class="ff1 ls0"> </span>é a emanação<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de rad<span class="_0 blank"></span>iação do núcleo </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">de átomos instáve<span class="_0 blank"></span>is, decaimento, que se transmutam em outros elemen<span class="_0 blank"></span>tos. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Obs.<span class="ff2 ws1"> <span class="_2 blank"></span>As reaçõe<span class="_0 blank"></span>s nucleares são de natureza diferente das reações químicas. </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y5 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Comparação <span class="_0 blank"></span>entre <span class="_0 blank"></span>os <span class="_0 blank"></span>tipos de <span class="_0 blank"></span>reações:<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y6 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">QUÍMICAS <span class="_3 blank"> </span>NUCLEARES </div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y7 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Conservam <span class="_0 blank"></span>os <span class="_0 blank"></span>elementos <span class="_0 blank"></span>químicos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Geralmente <span class="_5 blank"></span>T<span class="_5 blank"></span>ransformam <span class="_0 blank"></span>os </div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y8 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">elementos <span class="_0 blank"></span>em outros </div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y9 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">A<span class="_2 blank"></span> reativ<span class="_0 blank"></span>idade do <span class="_0 blank"></span>elemento <span class="_0 blank"></span>varia </div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 ya ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">com <span class="_0 blank"></span>o tipo de <span class="_0 blank"></span>ligação <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="v1">Independe <span class="_0 blank"></span>das <span class="_0 blank"></span>ligações químicas <span class="_0 blank"></span>que </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 ya ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">o elemento <span class="_0 blank"></span>participa </div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yb ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Isótopos <span class="_0 blank"></span>têm <span class="_0 blank"></span>propriedades </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 yc ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">químicas <span class="_7 blank"></span>iguais <span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="fs3 v1">Isótopos <span class="_7 blank"></span>podem possuir <span class="_0 blank"></span>propriedades </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h9 yc ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">nucleares <span class="_7 blank"></span>muito diferentes </div><div class="t m0 xd h6 yd ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Implicam <span class="_7 blank"></span>em baixas variações <span class="_7 blank"></span>de </div><div class="t m0 xe h7 ye ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">energia <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="v1">Implicam <span class="_7 blank"></span>em altíssimas <span class="_0 blank"></span>variações <span class="_0 blank"></span>de </span></div><div class="t m0 xf h6 ye ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">energia </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h1 yf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Radioatividade: <span class="_1 blank"></span>Histórico </div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y10 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">1895 <span class="ff3 ls1 ws2">\u2013</span><span class="ls1"> Descoberta dos raios X, <span class="ff2">Wilhelm Konrad Röentge<span class="_0 blank"></span>n. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y11 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">1895 <span class="ff3 ls1 ws2">\u2013</span><span class="ls1"> Descoberta da radioativ<span class="_7 blank"></span>idade, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>sais de urânio, <span class="ff2">Henri Becquerel<span class="fc1 ls3">. </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y12 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">1897 <span class="ff3 ls1 ws2">\u2013</span><span class="ls1"> Descoberta do elétron, <span class="ff2">Joseph John <span class="_0 blank"></span>Thomson. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 ha y13 ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws1">1898 <span class="ff3 ls1 ws3">\u2013</span><span class="ls1"> Descoberta<span class="_0 blank"></span> do Polônio e em se<span class="_0 blank"></span>guida do Rádio, <span class="ff2">Pierre e Marie<span class="_0 blank"></span> Curie<span class="ff1">. </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y14 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">1903 <span class="ff3 ls1 ws2">\u2013</span><span class="ls1"> Idéia de carga positiv<span class="_0 blank"></span>a e negativa do átomo, <span class="ff2">Philipp Lenard. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y15 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">1906 <span class="ff3 ls1 ws2">\u2013</span><span class="ls1"> Núcleo do átomo e suas transmutações, <span class="ff2">Ernest Rutherford. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h3 y16 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x12 hb y17 ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Natureza das Radiações </div><div class="t m0 x13 h3 y18 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">Existem três tipos de ra<span class="_0 blank"></span>diação as quais considera<span class="_0 blank"></span>mos: </span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h3 y19 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">Radiaçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="ff5 ls7">\uf061</span> é a perda <span class="ls2 ws4">de</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="fs6 ls8 v2">4<span class="v3">2</span></span><span class="lsb ws5">He</span></span> pelo núcle<span class="_0 blank"></span>o. </span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h3 y1a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">Radiaçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="ff5 ws2">\uf062</span> é a perda <span class="ls2 ws4">de</span><span class="ls3"> <span class="ls2 ws4">um</span></span> elétron pelo núcleo. </span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y1b ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls9">\u2013<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">Radia<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção <span class="ff5 lsa">\uf067</span> é a perd<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="ls4 ws6">de</span> fóton <span class="ls4 ws6">de</span> alta energia<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pelo<span class="_7 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>núcleo<span class="_0 blank"></span>. </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h3 y1c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">Na qu<span class="_0 blank"></span>ímica nuclear<span class="_2 blank"></span>, para garantir a conservação dos núcleon<span class="_0 blank"></span>s escrevemos </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h3 y1d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">todas as partícul<span class="_0 blank"></span>s com seus números atômicos e de massa: <span class="fs6 ls8 v2">4<span class="v3">2</span></span>He e <span class="fs6 ls8 v2">4<span class="v3">2</span></span><span class="ff5 ls7">\uf061</span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h3 y1e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">representam a rad<span class="_0 blank"></span>iação <span class="ff5 ls7">\uf061</span>. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x12 hb y17 ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Natureza das Radiações </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x15 hd y1f ff6 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Poder de penetração e ionização </div><div class="t m0 x16 he y20 ff6 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">relativo das <span class="_1 blank"></span>radiações </div><div class="t m0 x17 hf y21 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Obs. <span class="_7 blank"></span>O poder de ionização <span class="_7 blank"></span>é contrário <span class="_0 blank"></span>ao poder de penetração. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x18 hd y22 ff6 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Leis da Radioatividade </div><div class="t m0 x19 h10 y23 ff7 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">1ª Lei da Ra<span class="_7 blank"></span>di<span class="_1 blank"> </span>oatividade (Lei de Soddy)<span class="ff8">: "Quando um<span class="_0 blank"></span> núcleo emite uma </span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h11 y24 ff8 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">partícula alfa (<span class="ff9 lsc">\u03b1</span>), seu n<span class="_0 blank"></span>úmero<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>atôm<span class="_0 blank"></span>ico diminui de duas unidade<span class="_7 blank"></span>s <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e seu número </div><div class="t m0 x19 h11 y25 ff9 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">de m<span class="_0 blank"></span>assa diminui de quatro unidad<span class="_0 blank"></span>es\u201d.<span class="ff8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h12 y26 ff8 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y27 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 lsc">z<span class="fs3 ls1 ws7 v4">X</span><span class="ls1 v5">A</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hf y28 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="ls14">= </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h14 y27 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 ls13 ws1">2 <span class="ffa fs3 lsd v4">\u03b1 </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h15 y29 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 lse">4<span class="fs3 ls1 ws1 v6"> <span class="ls14">+ <span class="_7 blank"></span><span class="fsa lsc v7">z <span class="ffa lse">\u2013<span class="ff7 ls1"> 2<span class="fs3 ls15 v4">Y </span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h16 y29 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 ls16 ws1">A <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls1">- <span class="_1 blank"> </span>4<span class="ff2 fs3 v6"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h17 y2a ff7 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 h18 y2b ff7 fsc fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Ex: 92 <span class="fsd ws8 v8">U</span><span class="lsf"> <span class="ls10 v9">235</span></span> = <span class="_1 blank"> </span>2 <span class="ffa fsd ws8 v8">\u03b1</span><span class="ls10 v9">4</span> + 90 <span class="fsd ls17 ws9 v8">Th</span><span class="lsf"> <span class="ls10 v9">231</span></span><span class="ff2 fsd v8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h19 y2c ff7 fsc fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 h19 y2d ff7 fsc fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 h10 y2e ff7 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">2ª Lei da Ra<span class="_7 blank"></span>di<span class="_1 blank"> </span>oatividade (Lei de Soddy-Fajans-Russel<span class="ls18">) </span><span class="ff8">: "Quando um<span class="_0 blank"></span> núcleo </span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h11 y2f ff8 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">emite um<span class="_7 blank"></span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>partícula beta (<span class="ff9 ls7">\u03b2</span>) , seu núm<span class="_7 blank"></span>ero <span class="_1 blank"> </span>atômico<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>aum<span class="_7 blank"></span>enta <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de uma unidade e </div><div class="t m0 x19 h1a y30 ff9 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">seu n<span class="_0 blank"></span>úmero<span class="_0 blank"></span> de massa não se altera.\u201c<span class="ff8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h10 y31 ff7 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y32 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 ls11">Z<span class="fs3 ls1 ws7 v4">X</span><span class="ls1 v5">A</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hf y33 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="ls14">= <span class="_7 blank"></span><span class="fsa ls1 wsa v7">-1<span class="fs3 ws7 v4">b</span><span class="lse v5">0</span><span class="fs3 ws1 v4"> <span class="ls14">+ <span class="fsa ls12 v7">Z + 1</span><span class="ls15">Y </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h1b y34 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1">A</div><div class="t m0 x1e hf y33 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 hf y35 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 hf y36 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Ex: <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="fsa ls13 wsb v7">83<span class="fs3 ls1 ws1 v4"> Bi <span class="_7 blank"></span><span class="fsa ls13 wsb v8">210<span class="fs3 ls1 ws1 v6"> <span class="ls14">= </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1f h13 y37 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa">-1<span class="fs3 ws1 v4"> <span class="ls19">b </span></span><span class="lse v5">0</span><span class="fs3 ws1 v4"> <span class="ls14">+ <span class="_7 blank"></span><span class="fsa ls13 wsb v7">84<span class="fs3 ls1 ws1 v4"> <span class="ls1a wsc">Po</span> </span><span class="v5">210<span class="fs3 ls1 ws1 v6"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h17 y38 ff7 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y39 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x20 hd y3a ff6 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Velocidade de <span class="_1 blank"></span>decaimento </div><div class="t m0 x21 he y3b ff6 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">radioativo: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>meia-vida </div><div class="t m0 x12 h2 y3c ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Definição: <span class="ff7 ws0">meia-vida</span><span class="ff2"> é o tempo n<span class="_0 blank"></span>ecessário para que uma substância<span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h3 y3d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">radioativa<span class="_0 blank"></span> se desintegre à metade da quantida<span class="_7 blank"></span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>inicial </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x20 he y3e ff6 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Velocidade <span class="_1 blank"></span>de decaim<span class="_1 blank"></span>ento </div><div class="t m0 x21 hd y3f ff6 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">radioativo: <span class="_1 blank"></span>meia-<span class="_0 blank"></span>vida </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x22 hd y40 ff6 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> Datação através da meia-vida </div><div class="t m0 x23 h1c y41 ff1 fse fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Datação </div><div class="t m0 x24 h1d y42 ff1 fsf fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y43 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">O carb<span class="_0 blank"></span>ono 14 é usado para determinar as idades de compostos org<span class="_0 blank"></span>ânicos, uma </span></div><div class="t m0 x26 h3 y44 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">que as meias-vid<span class="_0 blank"></span>as são constantes. </div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y45 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">Supomos qu<span class="_0 blank"></span>e a razão de <span class="fs6 ls8 v2">12</span>C para <span class="fs6 ls8 v2">14</span>C <span class="_7 blank"></span>tem sido <span class="_1 blank"> </span>constan<span class="_0 blank"></span>te através dos tempos. </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y46 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">Para de<span class="_0 blank"></span>tectarmos o <span class="fs6 ls8 v2">14</span>C, o objeto<span class="_0 blank"></span> deve ter menos que 70 mil anos de idade<span class="_7 blank"></span>.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 hc y47 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1b">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">A<span class="_2 blank"></span> meia<span class="_0 blank"></span>-vida do <span class="fs6 ls8 v2">14</span>C é 5.73<span class="_0 blank"></span>0 anos. </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y48 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls1 ws1">Ele sofre de<span class="_0 blank"></span>caimento para <span class="fs6 ls8 v2">14</span>N por meio<span class="_0 blank"></span> de emissão <span class="ff5 ws2">\uf062</span>: </span></div><div class="t m0 x27 h1e y49 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls8">14<span class="v3">6</span><span class="fs1 ls1 ws0 va">C<span class="ff5 ws2">\uf0ae<span class="ff2 ws1"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x28 h1e y49 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls8">14<span class="v3">7</span><span class="fs1 ls1 ws1 va">N <span class="_7 blank"></span>+ <span class="fs6 ls1c v2">0<span class="ls1 wsd v3">-1</span></span>e </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y4a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">\u2022<span class="ff2 ws1"> Para d<span class="_0 blank"></span>escobrir há quanto tempo um organi<span class="_0 blank"></span>smo morreu, determina-se a </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 hc y4b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">quantid<span class="_0 blank"></span>ade de elétron<span class="_0 blank"></span>s emitidos por grama<span class="_0 blank"></span> do material. <span class="_2 blank"></span>Atualmente o C<span class="fs10 ls1d wse v2">14</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>emite </div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y4c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">cerca de<span class="_0 blank"></span> 15 elétrons por minuto por grama do material. <span class="_2 blank"></span>Antes da expl<span class="_0 blank"></span>osão <span class="_1 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y4d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">primeira bomb<span class="_0 blank"></span>a atômica na biosfera da <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_a blank"></span>erra, ocorri<span class="_0 blank"></span>am aproximada<span class="_0 blank"></span>mente <span class="_1 blank"> </span>13,5 </div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y4e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">emissões de elé<span class="_0 blank"></span>trons por minuto por grama do carbono. Se uma material emite </div><div class="t m0 x25 h3 y4f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">13,5/2 el<span class="_0 blank"></span>étrons por minuto por grama, o organismo<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>deve ter 57<span class="_0 blank"></span>30 anos. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/bad1a2cc-a68a-40d4-ae8e-82501e4bfb1a/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x29 hd y22 ff6 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Reações Nucleares </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1f y50 ff1 fsd fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Definição: <span class="ff9">\u201csão reações nas quais um elem<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_1 blank"> </span>nto se </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h20 y51 ff9 fsd fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">transforma em<span class="_7 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>outro \u201ctransmutação\u201d<span class="ff8"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
