RESUMO DE QUESTOES - SEMINÁRIOS EM LI ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS

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1. Communication is something human. So, it can be done by: Verbal and nonverbal language. 
2. Regarding posture, what should be avoided? Putting ones hands into ones pockets. 
3. The word Communication comes from the Latin word Communicare, which means share, to become 
common. So, in order to communicate with a formal audience, the speaker should: Use formal language. 
4. Choose the alternative that is correct in relation to literaryworks and their nature: Literary works are those 
that have significantly complex and detailed literary devices particularly in metaphor and symbolism 
5. Mark the best option for VERBAL language: is a property which is exclusive to mankind. It makes use of the 
written or spoken language and is more complex than the non-verbal communication 
6. In order to guarantee a productive research and optimize the presentation of a seminar, there are some 
steps that need to be followed. One of this steps is: The preparation for a seminar presentation begins a long 
time before the day of the presentation itself. 
7. "Um gênero textual público, relativamente formal e específico, no qual o expositor especialista dirige-se a 
um auditório, de maneira estruturada (explicitamente), para lhe transmitir informações, descrever-lhe ou explicar 
alguma coisa". A definição anterior refere-se: Seminário 
8. The disadvantage of presenting a seminar individually is that: it can be very tiring for one person to present 
the whole topic by him/herself. 
9. One of the most important advantages of the seminar is: the opportunity students are given to develop 
themselves both academically and personally. 
10. In order to avoid misjudgments and serious mistakes, applied linguists need to follow some steps that will 
ensure these professionals will come up with solutions in as informed and rational way as possible. One of these 
steps is: Set out to investigate and understand the facts of language use; 
11. According to Davies (1999), since language is everywhere, this delimitation protects applied linguistics from 
being regarded as “the science of everything”. The British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) claims the 
following areas as their main concern: Language teaching 
12. In order to avoid misjudgments and serious mistakes, applied linguists need to follow some steps that will 
ensure these professionals will come up with solutions in a way as informed and rational as possible. Mark the 
option that does not refer to what you´ve just read: Consider everything in class 
13. An interdisciplinary field of study which aims at investigating issues in the real world in which language is 
implicated. In other words, it sets out to investigate both educational and social problems, and make decisions 
about the best course of action to take in dealing with them". The previous definition relates to: Applied linguistics 
14. The methodology where teacher plays the role of a facilitator is: Communicative Language Teaching 
15. The purpose of qualitative research is: to understand and interpret social interactions, while the purpose of 
quantitative research is to test hypotheses, look at cause and effect, and make predictions 
16. Qualitative research: Hopes to develop universal laws out of a static reality, Research questions: How? 
Why? and Interpretive. 
17. Quantitative research: Looks for explanatory laws, Exploration of a dynamic reality; does not believe that 
what is discovered in the process is universal, Research questions: How many? What? Where? When? and 
Measurable. 
18. Reliability: concerns the consistency and replicability of research. 
19. Internal reliability: concerns the consistency of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. 
20. External reliability: concerns the extent to which other researchers can reproduce the study and obtain 
similar results. 
21. Validity is: an indication of how solid your claims are. If your findings really represent the phenomenon you 
are studying, we can say that your claims are valid. 
22. Internal validity concerns: the interpretability of research. External validity concerns the extent to which 
results can be generalized. 
23. Research is: a systematic process of inquiry that consists of three components: A question, problem or 
hypothesis; Data; Analysis or interpretation of data. 
24. Research is conducted in order to: TO GET RESULTS providing better explanation of phenomena, from 
other types of enquiries, such as the simple search for information 
25. Em relação à Pesquisa (research), está correto afirmar: A atividade de pesquisa deve fazer parte do 
trabalho do professor e do aprendizado do aluno. 
26. According to Brumfit (2001), research may be defined as a systematic process of inquiry that consists of 
three components. What are they? Data, a question and analysis of data 
27. Research can be carried out in many different ways; however there are two main approaches that are: 
Qualitative and quantitative research. 
28. Types of Research: Plan Research, Identify Problem or Question(s), Share and Take Action, Reflect, 
Analyze and Interpret Data, Collect Data 
29. Brown (2000) explains that student-centered-teaching includes: techniques that focus on or accounts for 
learners’ needs, styles and goals. Techniques that give some control to the student (group work or strategy 
training, for example). Curricula that include the consultation and input of students and that do not presuppose 
objectives in advance. Techniques that allow for student creativity and innovation. Techniques that enhance a 
student’s sense of competence and self-worth. 
30. Objective needs: these needs can be diagnosed through the analysis of the students’ personal information 
associated with information obtained about their linguistic proficiency. 
31. Subjective needs: these needs are the desire and expectations these students have. 
32. Based on what you read in this class, explain how the student-centered approach differ from the teacher-
centered approach Which preceded it. Enter your explanation in the space below: Teacher-centered teaching: 
Students used to be seen as passive learners who were not supposed to take responsibility for their own learning. 
The teacher’s job was basically to lecture, design assignments and tests, and grade students. Student-centered: 
Focuses more on what the student is learning, how he is doing it and under what conditions. Teacher still has 
the functions he had in the teacher-centered teaching, but also provides students with opportunities to learn 
independently and from one another and coaches them in the skills they need to do so effectively. 
33. We understand that communication is a comprehensive interchange of meaning between individuals, 
through symbols. But why did we use the word symbols, instead of words? Because of non-verbal language. 
34. The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach that has been rather famous nowadays. The 
CLT consists in a view that language is represented by: A mean of communication, despite the mistakes that 
could eventually be made. 
35. The main characteristic of Qualitative Research is that: It only uses quantification when it is appropriate. 
36. Compare teacher centered teaching to student centered teaching: In the former the focus is on what the 
teacher does in the classroom, while in the latter the focus is on what students are learning and how they are 
doing it. 
37. As far as objectives are concerned, the methodology which defends the focus on correct language (mainly 
spoken) is: Direct Method 
38. The methodology whose didactic materials are organized into functions to introduce current and 
contextualized topics is: Communicative Language Teaching 
39. Good speakers leave a good impression on their audience. Discuss two things they need to take into 
consideration in order to be successful in their presentation: The good impression starts with a goodappearance, 
you should dress appropriately. Be prepared, it means you have to know the topic and it's important for the 
speaker avoid some gestures like: put one hand in the pocket, cross the arms or put them in your back. Choose 
carefully your words avoid using slangs or difficult words, your audience need to know what you are talking 
about. 
40. It provides a more systematic means by which teachers can investigate the provisional specifications 
provided by theoretical-pedagogical research. It refers to: Action research 
41. The advantage of presenting a seminar individually is that: you will be the only person responsible for the 
entire presentation and you will not have to worry about your partners performance. 
42. According to Brumfit (2001), research may be defined as a systematic process of inquiry that consists of 
three components. One of them is: A question. 
43. Applied linguistics is a term that seems to have originated in the USA in the 1940s, and: It refers to an 
interdisciplinary field of study which aims at investigating issues in the real world in which language is implicated. 
44. Nunan (2001) suggests that teachers might benefit considerably from reflecting on and examining their own 
practice systematically. It means that: Teachers should never stop research. 
45. In order to avoid misjudgments and serious mistakes, applied linguists need to follow some steps that will 
ensure these professionals will come up with solutions in as informed and rational way as possible. Write at least 
one of these steps: Set out to investigate and understand the facts of language use; Organize and formalize 
what is known; Subject their knowledge to rational consideration and critical analysis. 
46. What can be said about the relation between linguistics and applied linguistics? Linguistics provides all the 
theory, so that applied linguistics can solve language related problems. 
47. The researcher and the teacher work together inside the teachers classroom, pooling their expertise in such 
a way that it gives the teacher control over decision-making. It refers to: Participatory research 
48. According to this excerpt: ¿It is an objective method of enquiry concerned with the systematic empirical 
investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. It is outcome 
oriented. It refers to: Quantitative research. 
49. According to Ellis (1998), there are three types of research. Which of them implies the co-participation of 
teachers and researchers? Participatory research 
50. The goal of this type of research is to develop technical knowledge by addressing theoretical issues of 
potential relevance to teachers. It refers to: Theoretical-pedagogical research 
51. According to this excerpt: It is an objective method of enquiry concerned with the systematic empirical 
investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. It is outcome 
oriented. It refers to: Quantitative research 
52. It provides a more systematic means by which teachers can investigate the provisional specifications 
provided by theoretical-pedagogical research. It refers to: Action research 
53. The goal of this type of research is to develop technical knowledge by addressing theoretical issues of 
potential relevance to teachers. It refers to: Theoretical-pedagogical research 
54. When addressing an audience, the speaker should: Use simple language that the audience can understand 
55. Which of following statements is correct? Both types of research are equally reliable and valid. 
56. When it comes to classroom research: It could be performed by any researcher and also by researchers 
who are teachers. 
57. Why is it difficult to come up with a research question? Both a and b are right (Not all questions are worth 
asking - Not all questions can be answered) 
58. Mark the option which is WRONG: The speaker should rely on inspiration during the presentation 
59. When a person or group of people are preparing a seminar presentation: it is necessary to plan all the 
stages of the presentation carefully. 
60. When it comes to group presentations: it is important to have meetings before the day of the presentation, 
so that you don’t have any negative surprises during the seminar. 
61. Individual presentations: have advantages and disadvantages just like group presentations. 
62. In the student-centered approach: ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct (students become more autonomous and 
responsible for their own learning; the focus is on what students are learning and how they are doing it; the 
teacher does not have all the control). 
63. According to the text, when it comes to teaching and researching, we can say that: It is not easy, but it is 
possible and important to do both. 
64. Regarding student-centered teaching: It offers more advantages than disadvantages 
65. The methodology that focuses on communicating in correct written English is: Grammar-translation Method 
66. "The theoretical and empirical investigation of real-world problems in which language is a central issue". 
The previous citation refers to: Applied Linguistics 
67. Also known as body language.its the sending of messages through facial expressions, gestures and body 
movements". The previous information can be related to: Non-verbal communication 
68. Brown (2000) explains that student-centered teaching includes the following items, EXCEPT: Students are 
seen as passive learners who are not supposed to take responsibility for their own learning 
69. Ethnography: focus on the social world (description and interpretation of group); 
70. Grounded theory: focus on the social world (development of theory); 
71. Phenomenology: focus on lived experience 
72. Case study: focus on particular cases 
73. Life history: focus on the person 
74. Action research: focus on professional action 
75. Conversation analysis: focus on social interaction. 
76. Mark the option that best fills in the blank: ___ inquiry is basically concerned with reaching a better 
understanding of some aspects of the lived world. Richards (2003) argues that despite the fact that it demands 
a good deal of rigor, precision, sistematicity and careful attention to detail on the part of the researcher, qualitative 
inquiry is sometimes accused by some researchers of being soft, speculative and concerned with data: 
Qualitative 
77. Richards (2003) lists a set of essential characteristics of qualitative research. Which of the items below IS 
NOT CORRECT? Focus on logic, numbers, and unchanging static data. 
78. The methodology where the use of mother tongue is not used, but not prohibited is: Communicative 
Language Teaching 
79. Nunan (2007) identifies seven steps involved in action research and argues that one of the advantages of 
an investigation of this sort is that it can easily be replicated by other teachers. One of these steps is called 
''INTERVENTION', which can be described as: Teacher devises strategies to solve the problem 
80. A process in which participants examine their own educational practice systematically and carefully, using 
the techniques of research defines a type of research called: Action research 
81. As far as quantitative inquiry is concerned, one can say that it is NOT their limitation: A subjective view of 
the researcher 
82. The main characteristics of Action Research are listed below, EXCEPT: It favours individualism 
83. Nunan (2007), on the other hand, identifies seven steps involved in action research and argues that one of 
the advantages of an investigation of this sort is that it can easily be replicated by other teachers: 
Step 1 - Initiation: Identification of a problem 
Step 2 - Preliminary investigation: Data collection (observation/recording classroom interaction) 
Step 3 - Hypothesis: After reviewing the initial data, it's time to formulate a hypothesis 
Step 4 -Intervention: Teacher devises strategies to solve the problem 
Step 5 - Evaluation: After some weeks, the class is observed/recorded again 
Step 6 - Dissemination: If the problem was solved, the teacher runs a workshop for colleagues and/or presents 
a paper at a language conference 
Step 7 - Follow-up: Teacher investigates other methods for solving the same problem 
84. Questionnaires can be useful tools. Which of the items below DOES NOT constitute one advantage of using 
questionnaires as research documents? They are impersonal. 
85. The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach that has been rather famous. One aspect 
that had been disregarded in the past but has been reconsidered nowadays by advocates of this methodology 
is the: Explanation of grammar rules 
86. A good example of quantitative research is: Survey that concludes that the average patient has to wait two 
hours in the waiting room of a certain doctor before being selected. 
87. A widely used and useful instrument for collecting survey information, providing structured, often numerical 
data, being able to be administered without the presence of the researcher, and often being comparatively 
straightforward to analyze, defines: A questionnaire 
88. The main characteristic of Qualitative Research is that: It only uses quantification when it is appropriate.