Estudo da Biologia da Pele e Doenças Bacterianas em Gatos

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Poster Abstracts
Topic 1: SKIN BIOLOGY
P-1
Evaluation of the influence of sex, diet and time
on hair coat characteristics of cats
P. BOURDEAU, K. W. TAYLOR, P. NGUYEN and
V. BIOURGE
National Veterinary School of Nantes, Nantes, France;
Royal Canin, Aimargues, France
Skin physiology in cats has received little attention. The
aim of this studywas to evaluate the long-term influence of
sex, time and the level of dietary fat and energy on the
dynamics and qualities of the hair coat. Twenty-four
European short-haired laboratory cats were followed over
a 1-year period. They were divided into eight groups of
three, according to: sex (12 males and 12 females), sexual
status (intact or neutered) and diets [(high energy
4300 kcal/kg as fed, 21% fat) vs. (moderate energy
3500 kcal/kg as fed, 10% fat)]. Both diets were fed for
6 months to all cats following a cross-over design. The
following parameters were evaluated throughout the
study: thickness of hair coat and hair lengths (neck, rump,
lateral, flank), hair regrowth (after periodic clippings of
25 cm2 areas), and telogen/anagen ratio. The thickness of
the hair coat initially varied from 1.2–1.7 cm on the neck,
1–1.4 cm on the rump, 1.8–2.5 cm on the flank, and hair
shaft lengths were 1.7–2.5, 3.7–3.9 and 2.5–3.2 cm,
respectively. Comparison of values revealed few statistical
differences: increase of the thickness of hair coat in
neutered cats (male and female) during the study, and
increase of the length of lateral hairs in all groups during
the study. Over all periods and in all groups, the curve of
growth was similar (rapid then slower). Some transient
variations were attributed to temporary changes in ambi-
ent conditions. In conclusion, neither sex, nutrition or
season (in housed cats) influenced the general quality of
hair coat, in particular hair regrowth.
Funding: Royal Canin.
P-2
Evaluation of the influence of sex, diet and time
on skin pH and surface lipids of cats
P. BOURDEAU, K. W. TAYLOR, P. NGUYEN and
V. BIOURGE
National Veterinary School of Nantes, Nantes, France;
Royal Canin, Aimargues, France
Skin lipids and pH are two factors classically considered of
importance in homeostatic characteristics of skin. Skin
physiology in cats has received little attention. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the long-term influence of sex,
sexual status, season, and dietary fat and energy on these
parameters. Twenty-four European short-haired laborat-
ory cats, 14 months of age, were followed over a 1-year
period. Theywere divided into 8 groups of three, according
to: sex (12 males and 12 females), sexual status (intact or
neutered) and diets [(high energy 4300 kcal/kg as fed, 21%
fat) vs. (moderate energy 3500 kcal/kg as fed, 10% fat)].
Both diets were fed to all cats for 6 months following a
cross-over design. Parameters regularly evaluated were
skin pH and hair total lipid content (extraction from
samples of 0.6–1.2 g of clipped hairs). The pH of the skin
varied from 6.6–6.8 initially to 7.2–7.4 at the end of the
study. This increase was significant only in intact animals
(male and female). The dietary changes did not affect skin
pH. Hair total lipid content was not affected by sex or the
diets but slightly increased in all groups over the study
period from 1.5–2.4 to 2.4–3.3%. In conclusion, skin pH
appeared to be potentially modified by sexual status, but
not by sex or dietary lipids and energy. Hair lipids do not
appear to be affected by sex or increases in dietary lipids
and energy. The slight increase in pHandhair lipids during
the studywas attributed to the change from young adult to
adult stage of all cats.
Funding: Royal Canin.
Topic 2: BACTERIAL DISEASES
P-3
Involvement of the accessory gene regulatory
(agr) system in quorum sensing by
Staphylococcus intermedius
J. M. L. SUNG, P. D. CHANTLER and D. H. LLOYD
Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield,
Herts, UK
Toxic exoproteins are believed to be involved in the
pathogenesis ofStaphylococcus intermedius pyoderma and
bacterial overgrowth, although these diseases are poorly
understood.This study aims to determinewhether quorum
sensing, a phenomenon in which cells express particular
characteristics only when population densities exceed
certain levels, might be involved. Production of virulence
factors by S. intermedius was hypothesized to be initiated
by the agr system via signalling molecules generated as cell
density increased, as in S. aureus. Initial studies (agr-
specific PCR, genome walking) confirmed the presence of
sequences in S. intermedius related to the agr of S. aureus.
To test the hypothesis that expression of RNAIII (effector
of the agr system) and two exotoxins, leukotoxin and
enterotoxin C, are initiated by an environmental signal
generated during bacterial growth, experiments were
performed in which spent culture supernatants from
different phases of growth were added to early exponential
cultures of S. intermedius in which the genes are minimally
expressed. Through real-time quantitative PCR, it was
shown that concentrated supernatant of midexponential
and postexponential cultures from S. intermedius strains 3
and 27 up-regulated expression of genes encoding for
RNAIII, leukotoxin and enterotoxin in strain 3. This
indicates that the activating substance accumulates in
supernatant during growth. In contrast,S. intermediuswas
insensitive to spent medium from S. aureus strain J3964.
This suggests that S. intermedius uses quorum sensing to
monitor the proximity of other signal-producing cells and
thereby adjusts its expression of virulence genes appropri-
ately to facilitate species-specific and intraspecies cell-cell
communication.
Funding: Nestlé Purina Research Company.
Veterinary Dermatology 2004, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD 41
P-4
Canine recurrent pyoderma: a multicenter
prospective study
E. BENSIGNOR and P. A. GERMAIN
Veterinary Referral Service, Paris, France; Cabinet de
Dermatologie Vétérinaire, Mérignac, France
Bacterial pyoderma is one of the most frequent skin
diseases in dogs. Recurrent pyoderma is often secon-
dary to an underlying skin disease, but no epidemio-
logical study has been published on the subject to the
authors’ knowledge. This study was designed to pro-
spectively evaluate the causes responsible for recurrent
pyoderma in dogs. Dogs presenting with a history of
more than three episodes of skin infection in the last
year were included in the study. For each case,
epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Pyo-
derma was confirmed by the clinical signs, the demon-
stration of bacteria on microscopic examination of
cytological smears and a positive culture. Each animal
was treated with an appropriate course of antibiotics
until resolution of signs of pyoderma. Depending upon
the presence of pruritus, appropriate diagnostic tests
were performed: skin scrapings, acaricidal trial, flea
treatment, elimination diet, intradermal testing, biop-
sies, endocrinological tests, leishmaniasis and ehrlichi-
osis serology, antinuclear antibody testing. Thirty dogs
(14 males and 16 females) of 19 different breeds, aged
from 1 to 12 years (mean 4.9 years) were included.
Diagnosis was folliculitis (44%), folliculitis and furun-
culosis (20%), furunculosis (20%), cellulitis (10%).
Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated in 97% of
cases. The following underlying diseases were identified:
atopic dermatitis (60%), food allergy (7%), flea allergy
(7%), hypothyroidism (7%), hyperestrogenism (4%),
demodicosis (4%), and zinc-responsive dermatosis
(4%). In two dogs, no underlying cause could be
identified. Atopic dermatitis is the most common
disease associated with recurrent pyoderma in dogs.
Funding: Pfizer Animal Health.
P-5
Importance of psychogenic factors in canine
recurrent pyoderma
M. NAGATA and K. SHIBATA
Animal Dermatology Center, ASC, Chofu, Tokyo,
Japan
Recurrent pyoderma is a relapsing bacterial infection of
the skin. Evaluation of the primary predisposing factors
is essential, but they are not alwayseasy to determine.
We reported that psychogenic factors should be consid-
ered as one cause of canine dermatoses featuring pruritic
behavior such as grooming and scratching, and predicted
that it could be added as a cause of recurrent pyoderma.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of
psychogenic factors in canine recurrent pyoderma. This
study examined 21 dogs with recurrent pyoderma,
which showed relapsing but antibiotic-responsive skin
lesions. Predisposing factors, especially allergy, infection,
endocrine disorders, congenital factors and improper
treatments, were carefully ruled out with standard
diagnostic procedures. Diagnosis of psychogenic factors
was based on fulfillment of the following features: (1)
distinctive area of broken hairs or asymmetric erythema,
(2) incidental pruritic behavior related to emotionally
unstable situation or physiological intervention, (3)
existence of environmental antecedent triggers or con-
current psychiatric symptoms, and (4) requirement for
psychogenic treatment, consisting of behavior modifica-
tion and psychopharmacological therapy in some. The
incidence of psychogenic factors and the efficacy of the
treatment in recurrent pyoderma were evaluated. In these
21 dogs, 10 cases (47.6%) were compatible with the
presence of psychogenic factors, and seven cases (33.3%)
were improved with behavioral treatment. Psychogenic
factors should be considered in the aetiology of so-called
idiopathic canine recurrent pyoderma. Further investi-
gation is needed to understand the relationship between
skin barrier dysfunction and psychogenic factors.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-6
Double-blinded comparative study of the
efficacy of azithromycin and cephalexin in
canine pyoderma
A. D. BLANCO and A. WOLBERG
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos
Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
A double-blinded randomized, controlled study was
carried out with the objective to evaluate the compar-
ative efficacy of two antibiotics (azithromycin and
cephalexin) in dogs with superficial pyoderma. Thirty-
seven dogs with clinical signs of superficial pyoderma
were included in the study. The diagnosis of superficial
pyoderma was based on history, clinical signs and
cytology. The presence of underlying diseases was
investigated through complementary diagnostic meth-
ods after clinical resolution of the pyoderma. Animals
were randomly assigned to one of two treatment
groups: cephalexin 30 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days,
or azithromycin 20 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days.
Response to therapy was considered to be satisfactory
if complete recovery was achieved by day 14 of
treatment. The effects of the two treatments were
compared using the chi-square test. Twenty dogs
received cephalexin and 17 received azithromycin.
Nineteen of 20 dogs treated with cephalexin achieved
complete recovery on day 14, with no side effects
reported. Ten of 17 dogs treated with azithromycin
achieved complete recovery on day 14, but therapy was
discontinued in one dog because of vomiting. Cepha-
lexin was significantly more effective than azithromycin
(P = 0.0077). Azithromycin may be a therapeutic
alternative in those patients in which cephalexin cannot
be used.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts42
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-7
Treatment of canine acne with doxycycline: an
open trial
E. BENSIGNOR and E. GUAGUERE
Veterinary Dermatology Referral Service, Paris, France;
Veterinary Dermatology Referral Service, Lomme, France
The purpose of this study was to determine whether
doxycycline (Ronaxan) decreased the severity of localized
lesions of canine acne. Dogs were enrolled if they
exhibited skin lesions localized to the chin compatible
with canine acne, and if cytological smears showed a
bacterial invasion and bacteriological samples grew
Staphylococcus intermedius colonies. Demodicosis and
dermatophytosis were excluded by skin scrapings and
fungal culture, respectively. Lesions (erythema, lichenifi-
cation, papules, pustules and excoriations) were graded
with a quantitative 4-point scale (maximal total score 15).
Extent of lesion was also estimated. Pruritus was graded
on a 4-point scale. Scores were given at the time of
inclusion and at day 30 after treatment with doxycycline
10 mg/kg once daily. Twelve dogs (10 males and two
females) representing seven breeds were included. Good
improvement of both lesional (9.4 before treatment and
2.3 after treatment) and extent scores (43% before
treatment and 8% after treatment) was achieved. Pruri-
tus was also markedly improved from 2.08 before
treatment to 0.42 after treatment. One dog was not
significantly improved after 1 month. Results of this trial
suggest that doxycyline is useful for reducing the severity
of localized skin lesions of canine acne.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-8
Antibacterial efficacy of 0.1% chitosan solution
against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs
H. H. JEONG, J. Y. KIM, K. W. LEE and T. H. OH
College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National
University, Daegu, Korea
Antibacterial efficacy of 0.1% chitosan solution against
Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs was determined by
the modified detergent scrub quantitative technique in 10
adult mongrel dogs. For comparison, other antibacterial
agents including 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, 0.5% chlorhex-
idine acetate, 0.1% chitosan solution combined with
2.5% benzoyl peroxide, and chitosan combined with
0.5% chlorhexidine were used. The antibacterial activity
of chitosan was inversely affected by pH with higher
activity at lower pH value and exerted the highest activity
at pH 4.5 in vitro. In nontreated bacteria-challenged
control sites, S. intermedius was found to have counts of
6.95 ± 0.53 cfu/cm2 of skin. The counts of recovered
Staphylococcus intermedius (cfu/cm2) from the treated
sites were 3.25 ± 0.98 for 0.1% chitosan solution,
0.68 ± 1.13 for benzoyl peroxide, 3.14 ± 0.55 for
chlorhexidine, 0.48 ± 0.56 for chitosan solution com-
bined with benzoyl peroxide, and 2.55 ± 0.88 for chito-
san solution combined with chlorhexidine. Each
S. intermedius recovery value from the five treated sites
was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that from the
nontreated bacterial-challenged control site. The 0.1%
chitosan solution was efficacious against Staphylococcus
intermedius in dogs. However, the combinations of
chitosan with benzoyl peroxide and with chlorhexidine
were shown to exert higher activity when compared to
those of chitosan alone and benzoyl peroxide or chlorh-
exidine alone. Thus, 0.1% chitosan solution was consid-
ered to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
intermedius and have potential for clinical applications in
the treatment of pyoderma in dogs.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-9
CD8 and CD4 lymphocyte populations in blood
from healthy dogs and dogs naturally infected
with Ehrlichia canis
C. LORENTE-MÉNDEZ, A. SAINZ and
M. A. TESOURO
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Cardenal
Herrera CEU, Valencia, Spain; University Complutense,
Madrid, Spain; University of León, León, Spain
The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of
an immune dysregulation in dogs naturally infected
with Ehrlichia canis. We compared CD4 and CD8
lymphocyte populations in a group of dogs with
ehrlichiosis and a group of healthy dogs. Thirty-seven
dogs with natural canine ehrlichiosis (Group A) and 15
unaffected dogs (Group B) were included in the study.
The study of lymphocyte populations was made by
flow cytometry. Monoclonal antibodies against CD3,
CD4 and CD8 were used. Results obtained in this
study show an inversion in the CD4:CD8 ratio in the
blood of dogs with ehrlichiosis when compared with
the CD4:CD8 ratio in blood from control dogs. In
healthy dogs, the number of CD4 T lymphocytes was
greater than CD8 T lymphocytes. However, in dogs
with ehrlichiosis, the number of CD8 T lymphocytes
was greater than CD4 T lymphocytes. The percentage
of CD4 T lymphocytes was lower in dogs with
ehrlichiosis than in healthy dogs,but significant differ-
ences were not found between both groups. However,
mean value of the percentage of CD8 T lymphocytes
(with respect to lymphocyte population) in dogs with
ehrlichiosis (45.81 ± 20.90%) was significantly higher
(P = 0.001) than in healthy dogs (25.41 ± 13.63%).
These results confirm the presence of an alteration in
the T lymphocyte subpopulations of dogs with ehrli-
chiosis, suggesting the presence of an immune
dysregulation.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts 43
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
Topic 3: FUNGAL DISEASES
P-10
Comparison of carpet and toothbrush methods
for the detection of asymptomatic carriage of
dermatophytes in cats
P. BOURDEAU, F. COSTIOU and C. PERON
National Veterinary School of Nantes, Nantes, France
Diagnosis of Microsporum canis infection is a challenge
in cats with suspected asymptomatic carriage. The aim
of this study was to compare the carpet method and
the toothbrush method of sample collection for der-
matophyte culture. The study was conducted on
apparently healthy cats in a chronically infected
cattery. Sampling was performed with both a sterilized
piece of carpet and a toothbrush applied to the entire
body surface. Samples were inoculated on Sabouraud’s
media (with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide). Mul-
tiple (6) applications with the toothbrush were neces-
sary to obtain a similar surface area of inoculation.
Cultures were incubated at 27�C, then examined from
day 5 to 21 for the presence and number of colonies of
M. canis and other fungi. Some samples were inocu-
lated twice (initially negative or with a low number of
M.canis). A total of 112 cultures were performed (14
duplicates) from 44 cats. On day 21, infection was
detected in 23 cats (54.7%): 20 (87%) with the carpet
method and 21 (91%) with the toothbrush method.
None of the replicated cultures allowed the detection of
new cases but three were subsequently negative. In eight
cases, only one to six colonies of M. canis were obtained.
Both methods used are easy to perform on cats and have
a similar sensitivity of approximately 90%. The carpet
method is, however, much less expensive, easier to
prepare, mail, store and inoculate. The lack of growth in
some duplicate cultures (initial development of one or
two colonies) may explain the limits of diagnosis of
infection and justify the need for multiple inoculations
of agar with the toothbrush method.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-11
Occurrence of dermatophytes in dogs and cats
and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs
I. ZDOVC, J. MIČUNOVI, T. PIRŠ and M. OCEPEK
Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana,
Slovenia
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of
dermatophytosis in dogs and cats with skin disorders and
in clinically healthy animals suspected to be a source of
human dermatophyte infection. Over a 2-year period, 776
samples from 339 dogs and 437 cats were examined.
Samples were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar
(with chloramphenicol and actidione) for 2–3 weeks.
Antifungal susceptibility tests for ketoconazole, flucon-
azole, itraconazole, amphotericin B and flucytosine
(E test) were performed to establish the MIC values.
Different dermatophyte species from the genus Micro-
sporum and Trichophyton (M. canis, M. gypseum,
T. mentagrophytes, M. persicolor) were isolated from
194 samples (25.0%). Among 57 positive dogs, M. canis
was isolated from 26 (45.6%), T. mentagrophytes from 28
(49.1%), M. gypseum from two (3.5%) and M. persicolor
from one (1.7%). Among 137 positive cats, M. canis was
isolated from 124 (90.5%), T. mentagrophytes from 12
(8.7%) and M. gypseum from one (0.7%). These results
are different to those reported in the past, where M. canis
was the predominant dermatophyte species in both
dogs and cats. In the last 2 years, the occurrence of
T. mentagrophytes infections in carnivores has evidently
increased, especially in dogs. One of the possible reasons
is the increasing number of rabbits and rodents being kept
as pet animals. As T. mentagrophytes is often isolated
from these animals, they may serve as a source of
infection. The results of susceptibility testing to antifungal
agents were similar to those obtained in previous testing
with most dermatophytes susceptible to ketoconazole and
itraconazole, but resistant to fluconazole.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-12
Comparative study of griseofulvin and
terbinafine therapy in the treatment of canine
and feline dermatophytosis
A. C. BALDA, M. OTSUKA, W. GAMBALE and
C. E. LARSSON
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
In domestic carnivores, dermatophytosis is caused
mainly by two fungal genera: Microsporum spp. and
Trichophyton spp. These diseases are anthropozoonoses
of significance in public health. The goal of this study
was to compare the efficacy of griseofulvin and
terbinafine in the therapy of the dermatophytosis.
Thirty-five animals were included in three protocols
of treatment. Griseofulvin was used at a dosage of
50 mg/kg once daily. It was effective in 100% of the
cases, with no side effects, and the average time until
cure was 41 days. Terbinafine was used at a dosage of
5 mg/kg once daily. It was effective in 81.3% of cases,
no side effects were observed, and the average time
until cure was 21 days. Terbinafine used at a dosage of
20 mg/kg once daily was similarly effective. However,
at this higher dosage, the average time to cure was
33 days and side effects such as vomiting, diarrhoea
and an increase in transaminase and alkaline phospha-
tase serum activity were seen in 16.6% of the animals.
This study demonstrated that terbinafine is a good
therapeutic alternative, although griseofulvin is still the
first-choice drug for the treatment of dermatophytosis
in dogs and cats.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts44
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-13
Dermatophytosis in domestic cats: treatment
with lufenuron
R. R. RAMADINHA, R. REIS, S. G. CAMPOS,
S. S. RIBEIRO and P. V. PEIXOTO
Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Preliminary studies showed that lufenuron inhibits chitin
synthesis, a dermatophyte cell wall constituent, and may
be effective in the treatment of dermatophytosis. Our
purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of lufenuron in the
treatment of feline dermatophytosis. Forty-six cats (Per-
sians and mixed-breed cats from 1-month to 4-years old)
naturally infected with Microsporum canis were included
in this study. Fifteen cats were treated isolated in cages in
the veterinary hospital and 31 were treated in their home
environment (some with access to the outdoors). Der-
matophyte skin lesions were seen in 29 animals while 17
other cats were asymptomatic carriers. Wood’s lamp,
direct microscopic examination of hairs, fungal culture
and skin biopsies were used for the diagnosis. Affected
cats and all in-contact animals received lufenuron at a
dose of 120 mg/kg every 21 days for four treatments. Of
the 29 symptomatic cats treated with lufenuron, 70%
recovered within 21 days and 28% within 42 days of
initiation of therapy. One cat had only partial recovery
and another was euthanized. Negative fungal culture was
recorded only after the fourth dose of lufenuron in 98%
of affected cats and 100% of asymptomatic carriers.
There was no difference in clinical response to lufenuron
between the cats treated in their home environment and
those treated in the veterinary hospital. Side effects were
not observed, thus the drug proved to be safe and
effective for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Funding: Novartis.
P-14
Use of lufenuron in the therapy of canine and
feline dermatophytosis in São Paulo (Brazil)
M. SONODA, A. C. BALDA, M. OTSUKA,
W. GAMBALE and C. E. LARSSON
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de CiênciasBiomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of
lufenuron in the treatment of animals with dermato-
phytosis [M. canis or M. gypseum (n = 48) and
T. rubrum (n = 1)]. The study was performed over a
2-year period. The 49 animals (23 dogs and 26 cats)
were randomly separated into four groups, each one
receiving 50–120 mg/kg of lufenuron, divided into one
to four doses administered at various intervals. Liver
enzyme measurement were performed on all animals.
The results showed clinical and mycological cure in
22–60% of the animals treated in the study, with the
highest efficacy in the group treated with 120 mg/kg
given in two doses at a 3-week interval (group IV). No
systemic or cutaneous side effects or changes in liver
enzyme levels were observed in any of the animals.
Persian cats and Yorkshire terrier dogs had the highest
rates of therapy failure. Lufenuron was more effective
in dogs than cats. Morphological changes occurred in
isolated Microsporum spp. colonies on culture.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-15
Identification of Malassezia spp. isolated from a
cat and cattle, including a new species, M. nana
A. HIRAI, R. KANO, K. MAKIMURA,
H. YAMAGUCHI and A. HASEGAWA
School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University,
Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Institute of
Medical Mycology, Teikyo University, Otsuka, Hachioji,
Tokyo, Japan
Isolates from a cat and cattle with or without otitis
externa in Japan and Brazil were thought to be
Malassezia spp., but were clearly distinct from the
other nine species of Malassezia which have been
reported by molecular analysis, including M. dermatis
and M. japonica. These isolates resemble M. dermatis
and M. sympodialis morphologically and physiologi-
cally, but can be distinguished from these two species
by their ability to use cremophor EL as the sole source
of lipid and to split esculin. These isolates were
classified as a novel species, Malassezia nana, by
mycological examination as well as molecular analysis.
Methods to identify seven Malassezia species have been
reported, but they do not include the three new species,
M. nana, M. dermatis and M. japonica. In this study,
we described a practical approach to the identification
of all 10 species of Malassezia yeasts from clinical
material. We improved the identification system by
examining lipid requirement, catalase reaction, precipi-
tate production on modified Dixon agar, utility of
cremophor EL, ability to split esculin and the shape of
cells. This approach represents an identification scheme
for Malassezia spp. without elaborate equipment.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-16
Treatment of Malassezia otitis in dogs: a
comparative field trial
E. BENSIGNOR
Dermatology Referral Service, Paris, France
Otitis externa (OE) is a very common disease of dogs.
Various treatments are available for OE, but most com-
mercial preparations contain amixture of antifungal, anti-
inflammatory drugs and antibiotic agents. The aim of this
study was to evaluate if a commercial product containing
clotrimazole, marbofloxacin and dexamethasone (Auri-
zon�) was more effective than the use of a topical
antifungal agent econazole (Daktarin�) used alone to
treat Malassezia otitis. Dogs presenting with bilateral OE
and numerous yeasts on cytological examination were
included. Twenty dogs aged from 1 to 14 years old were
treated in this trial (40 ears, 20 in each group). Each case
was treated with Aurizon� (four drops) in one ear and
Daktarin� in the other ear. Criteria analysedwere pruritus
(visual analogue scale), erythema, amount of cerumen, and
the number of yeasts on cytologic smears. All animals
demonstrated a good improvement in Malassezia counts
after either treatment. Significant differences were noted in
favour of Aurizon� for erythema, cerumen, and pruritus
on various days of evaluation. This studydemonstrated the
superiority of a mixture of corticosteroids and antifungal
agent in comparisonwith an antifungal agent used alone for
the treatment ofMalasseziaOE.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts 45
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-17
In vitro activity of posaconazole and other
antifungals against Malassezia pachydermatis
isolated from dogs
P. BOURDEAU, A. M. MARCHAND and F. ETORÉ
National Veterinary School of Nantes, Nantes, France;
Schering-Plough Vétérinaire, Levallois-Perret, France
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro
antifungal activity of several antifungal drugs (posacon-
azole, nystatin, miconazole and clotrimazole) against
Malassezia pachydermatis with microdilution and agar
dilution techniques. Malassezia pachydermatis isolates
were obtained from the skin and ears of dogs. Tests on
solid media were performed using 25-well Petri dishes
(2 mL/well containing Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and
diluted antifungal drug) inoculated with 5 lL suspensions
of M. pachydermatis. Microtitre broth dilution used 96-
well microtitre plates containing Sabourauds dextrose
broth and appropriate dilutions of antifungal drugs,
inoculated with 10 lL standard suspensions of M. pach-
ydermatis. Plates were inoculated in duplicate and incuba-
ted at 30�C for 5 days and growth assessed. The four
antifungal drugs were tested in 10 dilutions (4.0-0.007 lg/
mL for posaconazole, and 32–0.06 lg/mL for clotrima-
zole, miconazole and nystatin). Results obtained for 83
strains ofM. pachydermatis and a control reference strain
(CBS 1879) exhibited the same pattern. Results of theMIC
between microtitre and agar methodologies showed no
significant differences (£ 2-fold) across all drugs. For both
solid and liquid methods, posaconazole was the most
effective antifungal drug of the four tested with MIC90 of
1–2 lg/mL for posaconazole, 16–32 lg/mL for clotrima-
zole, and ‡ 32 lg/mL for miconazole and nystatin.
Funding: Schering-Plough.
P-18
Cryptococcosis in São Paulo (Brazil): clinical
and epidemiological features (1992–2003)
S. C. CHIESA, R. C. CASTRO, M. OTSUKA, N. S.
MICHALANY, C. E. LARSSON Jr and C. E. LARSSON
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola Paulista de Medicina,
Universidade Federal do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
Cryptococcosis is a relatively frequent disease in the
southwest region of Brazil. We have diagnosed 19 cases
of cryptococcosis (1.6 cases/year) at our hospital in the
last 12 years. Cats were most frequently affected (18
feline and one canine) among our cases. The disease was
most frequent in purebred Siamese cats (55.5 %), and in
male cats (77.8 %) with an age predisposition of 4- to 6-
year-old animals (56.2%) and 7- to 9-year-old animals
(18.8 %). The diagnosis was established by cytologic and
histopathologic examination, fungal culture and serologic
evaluation. All cases was caused by Cryptococcus
neoformans serotype AD. We used fungal culture as the
gold standard for the diagnosis. Histopathology was
positive in 93.3% of cases and the cytologic examination
in 75% of cases. Most cats were FIV and FeLV negative.
Ocular involvement was found only in the canine case
which is the first report of canine cryptococcosis in
Brazil. Itraconazole (10 mg/kg once daily) as the sole
therapy or in conjunction with 5-fluorocytosine was
effective in 95% of the patients.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-19
Sporotrichosis in São Paulo (Brazil): clinical
and epidemiological features
M. OTSUKA, R. C. C. CASTRO, N. S. MICHALANY,
R. LUCAS, C. E. LARSSON Jr and C. E. LARSSON
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola Paulista de Medicina,
Universidade Federal do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
Human and animal sporotrichosis is a relatively common
zoonotic disease in the southwest region of Brazil. In a
recent outbreak (1999–2000) involving 66 humans in Rio
de Janeiro, 79%of patients reported previous contact with
infected cats. Over a 17-year period (1986–2002), 25 cases
of feline sporotrichosis were diagnosed atour hospital (1.5
cases/year). Among these cases, 80% were male and had
the cutaneous form of the disease, and 21 cases (84%)were
in mixed-breed animals. The diagnosis was established
based on histopathology (H&E and PAS stain) as well as
fungal culture (95%) and cytologic examination (82.5%)
of the cases. In the 25 homes of these animals, 15 (60%)
were sporotrichosis cases of in-contact animals. Humans
were infected in seven (28.5%) of the homes. Eighteen of
the 49 dogs and cats (36.7%) in homes with infected
humans were also affected. Itraconazole at 10 mg/kg once
daily was successful even in FIV and FeLV positive cats.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts46
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-20
Clinical, cytopathological and histopathological
evaluation of sporotrichosis in experimentally
infected cats
M. R. FARIAS, S. R. V. S. FRANCO and
V. E. FABRIS
School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifı́cia Universidade
Católica do Paraná São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil;
School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics,
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo,
Brazil; Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista,
Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinico-
pathological aspects of experimental sporotrichosis in
cats and compare the sensitivity of cytopathology,
histopathology and culture as diagnostic tools in differ-
ent phases of the infection. Twenty adult, mixed-breed
cats (10 males and 10 females) were inoculated subcuta-
neously with 106 fungal microorganisms. Clinical exam-
ination was performed weekly. Cytopathologic,
histopathologic and culture examinations were per-
formed at 15, 30 and 60 days postinoculation. Culture
of multiple organs was performed after euthanasia at 30
(10 cats) and 60 (10 cats) days postinoculation. Friedman
parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis were
applied to the results. The nodular, tumoral and necrotic
lesions progressed significantly until day 30 postinocula-
tion, and partial spontaneous regression occurred at day
60, particularly in males. An intense inflammatory
pyogranulatomous and lymphocytic infiltrate with rare
giant cells and sparse fibrosis associated with numerous,
pleomorphic, intra- and extracellular fungal cells were
observed on day 30. These findings gradually decreased
by day 60. Despite the inflammatory granuloma associ-
ated with feline sporotrichosis, a tendency for dissemin-
ation was observed, with fungal isolation in the lymph
nodes, spleen and liver at the 30 and 60 days postinoc-
ulation. No significant differences were observed between
cytopathology, histopathology and fungal culture during
the different phases of the disease. Therefore, cytological
examination was considered a simple, rapid and inex-
pensive diagnostic method at all stages of this disease.
Funding: Self-funded.
Topic 4: PARASITIC DISEASES
P-21
Comparison of a permethrin-pyriproxyfen spray
and fipronil spot-on used alone in a therapeutic
trial for the diagnosis of canine flea allergy
dermatitis
P. JASMIN, M. BRIGGS, H. SCHROEDER and
A. SANQUER
Virbac SA, Carros, France; Newlands Veterinary Clinic,
Cape Town, South Africa; Willow Park Veterinary
Hospital, Lynnwood Ridge, South Africa
This randomized clinical trial compared two parasiti-
cides [permethrin-pyriproxyfen spray (Duogard� Spray/
Duowin� Spray) and fipronil spot-on (Frontline� Spot-
on)] for use in the diagnosis of canine flea allergy
dermatitis (FAD). Dogs with a flea infestation, mini-
mum FAD clinical score and a positive intradermal test
were treated with either one of the parasiticides applied
three times at 1-week intervals. It was required that the
dogs live partially outdoors, with at least one non-
treated in-contact pet, and an environment that had not
been treated within the previous year. Both groups
were compared for clinical improvement and the
number of dogs showing a positive response to the
therapeutic test (defined as > 75% clinical improve-
ment). Twenty-seven dogs were included; two were lost
to follow-up, 12 were treated with the spray and 13
with the spot-on. Mean scores for pruritus and lesions
decreased rapidly in the permethrin-pyriproxyfen spray
group, but more slowly in the fipronil spot-on group.
There was a significant difference between the two
groups at all consultation time points (P < 0.05). After
3 weeks, responses were positive in all dogs treated with
the permethrin-pyriproxyfen spray, and significantly
higher than with the fipronil spot-on (P < 0.05). The
sensitivity of the therapeutic trial was 100% for the
spray and 31% for the spot-on. Negative predictive
values varied from 14 to 65% with the spot-on and
were 100% with the spray. No adverse effects were
observed. The permethrin-pyriproxyfen spray can be
recommended as a useful product to perform a
therapeutic trial in confirming a diagnosis of FAD in
dogs.
Funding: Virbac SA.
P-22
Mites of interest in canine and feline
dermatology: evaluation of their survival and
structural integrity in oil preparations for
microscopy
G. A. MANIGOT
Dermlink Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Diagnostic dilemmas often arise when veterinary practi-
tioners suspect a parasitic skin disease but direct micr-
oscopy of collected samples are negative. It has been
suggested that the delay between collection of the sample
in the veterinary practice and evaluation at the referral
laboratory results in parasite lysis. This study was
performed to determine if delay in processing the samples
may lead to negative results. A further aim was to
determine if using other oil media (when mineral oil was
not available) would result in parasite modification. One-
hundred samples of skin scrapings and otic smears in
several oil media from dogs and cats diagnosed as
positive for several mites of dermatological importance
were kept under room conditions and evaluated over a
21-day period for mite survival and retention of recog-
nizable structural features. Mineral oil, kitchen grade
olive oil, pharmaceutical grade baby oil and glycerin were
used as oily media to process the samples. At the end of
the study, mite survival rate was established between 2
and 5 days. Sarcoptes and Otodectes mites survived the
longest. After 21 days of observation, all parasites and
their eggs still remained recognizable, no matter which oil
medium was used. It was concluded that a delay in the
submission of samples does not result in negative
findings.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts 47
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-23
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics
of 153 cases of Sarcoptic acariosis in dogs
P. BOURDEAU, L. ARMANDO and
A. MARCHAND
National Veterinary School of Nantes, Nantes, France
Although considered a classical skin disease, Sarcoptes
scabiei infestation is uncommon in canine dermatology
in some countries. Information concerning the fre-
quency, epidemiology and clinical signs is scarce. The
aim of this study was to analyse information obtained
from our dermatology clinic from three successive
periods: (A) retrospectively (1983–1992), (B) prospec-
tively (1993–1996), and (C) prospectively (1993–2002).
From a total of 12,112 dogs, the number of proven
cases was only 153 (1.26%, range of 0.8–1.45%,
depending on the study). Average age was 2.3–2.7 years
(range 3 weeks–16 years) with 52.4–61.6% of dogs being
<1-year old. Pruritus was severe in 61–77% of cases.
Otopedal reflex was positive in 43–56% (positive in 4%
of the general population in B) and was significantly
more common when skin lesions were extensive.
Contagion to other dogs was seen in 5–33% of cases
with human involvement in 4–20% of cases. No sex
predisposition was noted but breed predilection may
exist. Lesions were noted on the ventrum (81%), ear
pinnae (71.8%), elbows (66%) and distal legs (45%).
Although the diagnosis was confirmed by different
methods, Sarcoptes mites were isolated and identified
in 22.8–50% of cases.Fluctuations in incidence of cases
may occur from year to year, but no change in the
overall frequency was observed during this 20-year
period in the area served by our clinic.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-24
Efficacy of selamectin in canine scabies and ear
mite infestation in Korea
T. H. OH, W. S. OH, S. R. KIM, H. Y. OH, W. P. HOH,
A. Y. JEONG, H. H. JEONG and S. J. PARK
College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National
University, Daegu, Korea; College of Veterinary
Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
A randomized and controlled field study was per-
formed in canine patients to evaluate the efficacy of
selamectin in the treatment of naturally occurring
Sarcoptes scabiei and Otodectes cynotis infestations in
dogs. A total of 227 dogs from six veterinary practices
in South Korea were included. Dogs were randomly
assigned to treatment with selamectin or a positive-
control product. Selamectin was administered as a unit
dose providing a minimum of 6 mg/kg in a topical
preparation applied to the skin in a single spot on days
0 and 30 [S. scabiei (n = 113) and O. cynotis
(n = 114)]. The presence of parasites was assessed
before treatment and at 14, 30 and 60 days after the
initiation of treatment. The animals were evaluated
clinically at each assessment period. Based on skin
scrapings, the efficacy of selamectin against S. scabiei
infestations on dogs was >95% by day 30, and 100%
by day 60. Against O. cynotis, selamectin eliminated
mites in 100% of dogs by day 60. However, clinical
signs of pruritus, erythema, scale, and crusted papules
did not diminish concomittantly with resolution of
S. scabiei in skin scrapings. The positive-control
products achieved similar results. Therefore, selamectin
was safe and effective against sarcoptic mange and ear
mites in dogs.
Funding: Pfizer Animal Health.
P-25
Sensitivity of deep skin scrapings, hair pluckings
and exudate microscopy in the diagnosis of
canine demodicosis
M. N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS, A. F. KOUTINAS,
R. FARMAKI and L. LEONTIDES
School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotles University of
Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
Diagnosis of canine demodicosis is mainly based on
mite detection in deep skin scrapings (DSS). Hair
pluckings (HP) are also helpful, whereas the diagnostic
value of exudate microscopy (EM) has never been
assessed. The objective of this study was to compare the
diagnostic sensitivity of DSS, HP and EM in the
various clinical forms of canine demodicosis. A total of
68 dogs with localized (45.6%) or generalized (54.4%)
demodicosis, juvenile-onset (92.6%) or adult-onset
(7.4%) demodicosis were included. Pyoderma was
present on 41.2% of cases and absent in 58.8% of
cases. One lesion per dog was selected for obtaining one
HP, DSS and EM sample, the latter only in 14 cases
demonstrating visible exudate. Mineral oil DSS and
EM microscopy was focused on a 2.2 · 2.2 mm area,
while a total of 100 hair shafts were evaluated by
trichogram. At least one parasite was seen in 83.8% of
HP, 98.5% of DSS and 100% of EM slides. The
sensitivity of HP was higher in the generalized
(P = 0.001) and pyoderma-affected (P = 0.021) cases
compared to the localized and noninfected cases. A
higher sensitivity of DSS compared to HP was demon-
strated in the localized (P = 0.004) and noninfected
(P = 0.002) cases. In conclusion, HP should be viewed
as a useful diagnostic tool in generalized and infected
canine demodicosis, while EM is useful in all deep
pyoderma-associated cases.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts48
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-26
New aspects of canine demodicosis and the
possibility of treatment with selamectin
N. TARPATAKI, E. KADOCSA and K. VÖRÖS
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University,
Budapest, Hungary
The purpose of this study was to evaluate 55 clinical cases
of canine demodicosis and to compare the results of
treatment using amitraz (solution), selamectin (spot-on),
ivermectin (injection) and cythioate (oral tablets). Data
from the 55 cases was collected and evaluated after clinical
and microbiological examination. Treatment was selected
depending on the severity of demodicosis and compliance
of the owner. The cases were followed for 12 months and
the status of the patients was grouped on two levels:
recovered (58%), or relapsed (42%). Five dogs (9%) were
euthanized. The disease was commonly diagnosed in
purebred dogs. Demodicosis was more common in dogs
under 2 years of age (65%), in males (64%), and in the
short-haired breeds (75%). Demodicosis was generalized
in 73% of cases, localised in 23% and affected the feet
(pododemodicosis) in 4% of cases. Recovery was the
highest in dogs between 1 and 2 years of age (73%), and in
the localized cases (92%). Nonspecific treatment with
glucocorticoids prior to the diagnosis lowered the rate of
recovery (4%), but treatment with glucocorticoids for
proven atopic dermatitis improved the rate of recovery
(41%). All drugs (amitraz, selamectin, cythioate) admin-
istered for the localized form were effective (100%
recovered). Recovery in generalized demodicosis was
60% using ivermectin, 55% using amitraz, 44% with the
combination of amitraz and selamectin (two treatments
with amitraz followed by selamectin), and 43% in cases
where selamectin was used alone.
Funding: Pfizer Animal Health.
P-27
Characteristics of Dermacentor reticulatus and
Ixodes ricinus infestations in 191 dogs in France
P. BOURDEAU, T. XIMENES and O. BEZIADE
National Veterinary School of Nantes, Nantes, France;
Clinique Vétérinaire, Guérande, France; Clinique
Vétérinaire, Saint-Gaudens, France
The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of
ticks on the body and characteristics of tick populations
and their consequences. The studies were conducted in
France in two clinics (A and B) over 10 months. Dogs
were carefully examined for the presence of ticks (all dogs
in group A, and 150 dogs per month in group B).
Information on hair coat (long, medium, short), pruritus,
number of ticks, distribution of ticks on the body, and
identification of ticks was collected. An intradermal test
(Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) was per-
formed on most of the tick-positive dogs in group A. In
group A, 87 dogs (4.5%) were infested with ticks, while in
group B, 104 dogs (9%) were infested. There was no
significant difference in infested dogs compared with
control dogs with regard to coat length. The level of
infestation was generally very low: <5 ticks in 81.5%, 5–
9 ticks in 12.2%, and ‡ 10 in 6.3% of infested dogs. Of
528 ticks collected, Dermacentor reticulatus was the most
abundant (67%), followed by Ixodes ricinus (32.9%) and
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.1%). Ticks were found
mainly on the head (41%) and neck (52.9%), and less
frequently on the trunk, ventrum, legs, perianal and tail
areas. Twenty-eight per cent of infested dogs were
pruritic compared to only 10% in ectoparasite-free dogs.
In 65 intradermal tests, 23% were positive to D. farinae
and 6% to D. pteronyssinus.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-28
Efficacy of selamectin spot-on formulation
against Neotrombicula autumnalis in eight cats
F. LEONE and F. ALBANESE
Clinica Veterinaria Adriatica, Senigallia (AN), Italy;
Clinica Veterinaria L’Arca, Napoli, Italy
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy
of a topical formulation of selamectin in the treatment
of naturally acquired Neotrombicula autumnalis infes-
tations in eight indoor/outdoor cats. Selamectin was
administered topically once at a dosage of 6 mg/kg.
Clinical examination and visualization of mites by
microscopic examination of skin scrapings were per-
formed after 2, 30 and 60 days. By day 2, clinical signs
had subsided and all mites were dead on microscopic
examination. No signs of recurrence were apparent at
follow-up. Under the conditions of our study, topical
selamectin was safe and 100% effective against natural
infestations of Neotrombiculaautumnalis. To our
knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the
efficacy of selamectin against Neotrombicula autumnalis.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-29
Pustular dermatosis caused by fire ant
(Solenopsis invicta) stings in a dog
L. G. CONCEICAO, V. HADDAD, F. H. LOURES,
M. E. LEAL and F. CLARE
Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais,
Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual
Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Solenopsis invicta (lavapés ants or imported fire ants) are
insects that belong to the Hymenoptera order and
Formicoidea superfamily. Native to Brazil, this aggressive
ant species is today disseminated throughout the Amer-
icas. In humans, the sting of the fire ant causes an
urticarial papule that progresses within 24 h to a highly
pruritic, sterile pustular dermatitis. Children and alcohol-
ics are more often affected, presenting with massive
injuries. Subcorneal neutrophilic pustular dermatitis is
the usual histopathological finding. One study has repor-
ted that fire ant stings in dogs leads to a vertically oriented
necrotizing dermatitis with collagen degeneration. This
abstract reports a natural fire ant-induced dermatosis in a
dog.We report a female, intact, young-adult, mixed-breed
dog presented for routine check-up. Physical examination
revealed several grouped, nonfollicular, circumscribed
abdominal and inguinal pustules. The pustules were
relatively tense, circumscribed by a slight erythematous
halo, and several dead fire ants were attached to the skin
and hairs. No bacteria were seen on cytological examina-
tion. Histopathological examination revealed an intraep-
idermal neutrophilic pustule and dense dermal interstitial,
predominantly neutrophilic, infiltration, which extended
to the panniculus. Collagen degeneration and edema were
also observed. This case documents that fire ant stings can
produce pustular intraepidermal dermatitis in dogs sim-
ilar to that observed in humans.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts 49
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-30
Use of fipronil for treatment of Lynxacarus
radovskyi in outdoor cats in Rio de Janeiro
(Brazil)
F. CLARE, R. M. L. C. MELLO,
T. V. BASTOS, C. LESSA and L. G. CONCEIÇÃO
Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Castelo
Branco, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The aim of this study was to report 20 cases of
Lynxacarus radovskyi infestation in 20 cats. Lynxacarus
radovskyi was diagnosed by physical examination and
microscopic examination of plucked hair where count-
less adult mites and immature stages were identified.
Microscopic examination was repeated every 7 days.
The animals were observed daily for the first 7 days,
and again on day 15 and day 30 for mites, pruritus
and clinical signs. Clinical signs included salt-and-
pepper appearance to a dull and opaque hair coat,
alopecia of the dorsal and lateral areas of the hind
limbs, and evidence of self-mutilation. One case had
papules and crusts of the hind limbs. The pruritus was
mild in animals with low infestation, but very intense
in those with a heavy infestation. Most mites occurred
in the lateral area of the hind limbs and sacral area.
Twenty of 100 animals had confirmed L. radovskyi
infestation. Therefore, we suggest that the transmission
occurs through fomites. Treatment consisted of 0.5 mL
application of Fipronil� (Frontline TopSpot) per cat,
with resolution in 100% of cases by day 15.
Funding: Merial.
P-31
Anal sacs myiasis: a case report
S. MOHITMAFI
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University,
Karaj, Tehran, Iran
A 3-year-old male Doberman dog was presented with
signs of anorexia, constipation and dyschezia. Clinical
examination revealed abdominal pain, dehydration,
swelling around the anus, and a small wound on the
left side of the perineal region where myiasis was
clearly observed. Haematological tests showed in-
creased packed cell volume, and an increased white
cell count with a mild neutrophilia and eosinophilia.
Radiography showed severe constipation and obstruc-
tion of the rectum due to external compression from a
soft tissue swelling. Cannulation of the anal sacs
produced a small amount of sanguinous fluid. With a
diagnosis of severe impaction in the anal sacs, surgery
was performed and a large number of larvae were
observed inside the anal sacs. Anal sacs myiasis was
diagnosed. No connections were found between the
anus and the rectum at surgery. Larvae and the
necrotized tissue were all surgically removed and after
8 days of supportive treatment, the patient was released
from hospital.
Funding: Self-funded.
Topic 5: VIRAL DISEASES
P-32
Giant cell dermatosis in a FeLV-infected cat:
detection of the virus in infected skin by
immunohistology and PCR
C. FAVROT, P. GREST, M. MELI, A. KIPAR,
S. WILHELM and N. ZAUGG
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Veterinary Science,
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
A 3-year-old castrated male domestic short-haired cat was
presented with a dermatosis of 3-months duration. Phys-
ical examination revealed well demarcated ulcerative
lesions that affected the head, limbs and paws. The cat
was also depressed, febrile and anaemic. Previous history
included vaccination forFeLV twice during thefirst year of
life, and again in the second year. A staphylococcal
infection was diagnosed by cytological and bacteriological
examination. An ELISA for FeLV antigen was positive.
Additionally, histological examination of the skin revealed
an ulcerative dermatitis with folliculitis, dyskeratotic
keratinocytes and syncytium formation within the
epidermis and sebaceous glands. A tentative diagnosis of
FeLV-associated giant cell dermatosis with secondary
staphylococcal folliculitiswasmade and the catwas started
on cephalexin. Despite the treatment and a marked, but
temporary, improvement of the skin lesions, the general
condition deteriorated and the cat was euthanized. Necr-
opsy was not performed. Immunohistological staining
with monoclonal antibodies against the envelope protein
gp70 and the group-specific protein p27 of FeLV revealed
positive cells in the epidermis and the sebaceous glands.
Additionally, PCR analysis was performed on lesional
skin. DNA was isolated from deparaffinized tissues and a
131 bp long proviralDNA fragmentwas amplified by real-
time PCR. Giant cell dermatosis is a rare consequence of
FeLV infection in cats. Cases have already been described
and confirmed by immunohistology. In man, retroviral
infections are also known to induce syncytium formation.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts50
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-33
Poxvirus infection in two cats
K. ALTON, O. FISCHER, S. UTZMANN and
F. SCHILCHER
Veterinary Pathology Practice InHisto, Korneuburg,
Austria; Private Animal Hospital Fischer Grohmann,
Korneuburg, Austria; Veterinary Practice Utzmann
Tiefenbacher, Fuerstenfeld, Austria; University of
Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
A 3-year-old Burmese cat was presented with a history
of nonresolving crusted and papular lesions of the face
and prior treatment with prednisolone. Skin biopsies
revealed typical pox lesions with hyperplasia and
ulceration of the epidermis and eosinophilic cytoplasmic
inclusion bodies in the epidermal cells. In the upper
dermis there was prominent diffuse mast cell infiltration
and mild neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation.
Rare cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were also present in
swollen endothelial cells of dermal venules, which
showed no other degenerative changes. Histological
diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopic evi-
dence of pox virus particles in inclusion bodies of
epidermal cells. The lesions resolved within 6 weeks
with systemic antibiotic therapy and supportive care. A
2-year-old domestic short-haired cat was presented with
multiple disseminated papular and ulcerative pox lesions
with central eschar over the entire body. Histologically,
large epidermal inclusion bodies(up to 6 lm in diam-
eter) were present. Widespread haemorrhage and vas-
cular wall necrosis was visible in the dermis and
subcutis. Some subcutaneous vessels showed neutrophi-
lic vasculitis. In addition to diffuse dermal neutrophilic
and eosinophilic inflammation, a lymphohistiocytic
panniculitis was also present. The cat died as a result
of massive haemorrhage and lymphedema, despite
supportive care.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-34
A case of exfoliative erythema multiforme
associated with herpes virus 1 infection in a
European cat
C. PROST
26 rue Des Tilleuls, Pusignan France
A 2-year-old female domestic short-haired cat was
referred with a 1-month history of extensive scaling and
alopecic dermatitis. Clinical signs appeared suddenly
2 weeks after ocular and upper respiratory tract signs
that were treated with amoxicillin and marbofloxacin.
Physical examination revealed widespread scaling and
alopecic dermatitis. The skin was firm with a cardboard-
like texture. The ocular and nasal mucous membranes
were inflamed. The cat was lethargic and reluctant to
move. FeLV and FIV tests were negative. Skin scrapings
failed to reveal any evidence of ectoparasites and
dermatophytes. Thoracic radiographs showed no abnor-
malities. Skin biopsy specimens were collected from the
face and the trunk under general anaesthesia. Histopath-
ologic examination revealed a lymphocytic interface
dermatitis with many mast cells, severe hydropic degen-
eration of basal cells, and numerous apoptotic keratino-
cytes (with satellitosis) at all levels of the epidermis. The
epidermis was hyperplastic with orthokeratotic hyper-
keratosis and some foci of parakeratosis. Hair follicles
were atrophic and a diffuse fibrosis was noted within the
dermis. Ultrasonographic examination of the thorax and
abdomen failed to reveal any abnormalities. PCR eval-
uation of skin specimens, as well as nasal and ocular
discharges, confirmed the presence of feline herpes virus
type 1. Antiviral treatments were implemented (aciclovir
dosed at 50–100 mg/kg twice daily and ocular idoxuri-
dine) with spectacular improvement. Unfortunately, the
drugs had to be discontinued due to hepatic toxicity.
Omega interferon was also used, but without success.
A few months later, spontaneous recovery was observed.
Funding: Self-funded.
Topic 6: CONGENITAL/HEREDITARY DISEASES
P-35
Nonlethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa in a
dog
K. SAKURAI, M. SEKIGUCHI, Y. MOMOI,
A. SHIMIZU, A. ISHIKO and T. IWASAKI
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of
Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan; School
of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare hereditary
or autoimmune bullous skin disease of humans, horses and
dogs. It has been reported that JEB patients have blisters,
erosions or ulcers affecting the face, digits and tail
predominantly. Histopathologically, separation of the
epidermis and dermis occurs within the lamina lucida of
the basement membrane zone (BMZ) and, biochemically,
there is a deficiency of laminin 5, integrin a6b4, or BPAG2.
Mutations in the alpha-chain of laminin 5 in nonlethal JEB
in dogs has been reported. Our patient was an 8-month-old
female mixed-breed dog that presented with hair loss,
blisters and scar formation on the face, trunk and feet that
were present since 2 months of age. Histopathology of the
skin revealed atrophy of the hair follicles and liquefactive
degeneration of the dermo-epidermal junction with min-
imal cell infiltration. Electron microscopy revealed that
blister formation was located within the lamina lucida.
These findings corresponded with canine JEB. The immu-
nofluorescence test (IIF) revealed that the expression of
BMZproteins, including laminin 5, BPAG2, integrin a6b4
and typeXVII collagen,were not decreased comparedwith
normal skin. The IIF using the patient’s serum showed a
negative reaction.Although the disease has progressed, the
patient is still alive one year after the onset of lesions.
Moreover, although we could not determine the genetic
backgroundor the causative proteins, this is likely a case of
hereditary JEB because of the young age at onset and
autoantibodies against the BMZ were not detected.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts 51
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-36
Juvenile idiopathic nasal scaling in three Bengal
cats
S. T. AUXILIA, F. ABRAMO, C. FICKER and
S. MCNABB
Oak Hill Veterinary Surgery, Woodford Green, Essex,
UK; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa,
Pisa, Italy; Canonbury Veterinary Practice, London, UK
Affected cats were three Bengals, one male and two
females, whose age at onset of lesions ranged from 13- to
20-weeks old. Nasal planum scaling progressed to thick
crusting, consequent exfoliation and exposure of under-
lying erosions. No signs of pruritus or pain were present
but mild respiratory signs were noticed. In all cats,
haematology and biochemistry were normal, they were
FIV and FeLV negative, PCR for herpesvirus, calicivi-
rus and Chlamydia were negative, and viral isolation for
calicivirus and herpesvirus was negative. Wood’s lamp
examination was negative, as were bacterial and fungal
cultures. Cytology showed exfoliating keratinocytes. A
skin biopsy taken from one case showed no significant
changes. Biopsies from the nasal planum of four dead cats
with nondermatological conditions (controls) were col-
lected for comparative studies. Morphometry to record
the percentage of the granular layer (GL) and stratum
corneum (SC) on the total thickness of the epidermis of
the nasal planum was performed. The GL and SC
accounted for 10.2 and 21.7% of the epidermal thickness
in the affected cat, compared to 18.3 and 20.2%,
respectively, in the controls. A significant reduction
(P < 0.02) of the SC thickness was detected in the
affected cat compared to controls. No treatment was
instituted as all cats underwent complete (two cats) or
nearly complete (one cat) resolution. The reported cases
share the same breed, age at onset, type of lesions and a
similar outcome. A reduction of the SC thickness in one of
the affected cats was recorded. Therefore, an underlying
congenital condition is suspected that manifests with high
epidermal cell turnover and normal keratinization.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-37
Dermoid sinus in Rhodesian ridgeback dogs
N. H. C. SALMON HILLBERTZ and
G. ANDERSSON
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,
Sweden
Dermoid sinus (DS) is a congenital defect occurring with
increased frequency in the Rhodesian ridgeback. The
Swedish Rhodesian ridgeback population constitutes
approximately 2000 dogs (1990–2000) and 8–10% of
these dogs are suspected to be DS-positive. The aim of
this study was to further understand the aetiology of DS.
Importantly, DS has been documented in several other
dog breeds and our studies may have general impact for
the health of domestic dogs. From seven litters (74 dogs),
a total of 10 Rhodesian ridgeback dogs diagnosed as DS-
positive were subjected to necropsy. Six of the dogs were
female. The dogs were between 11 and 42 days old. Six
dogs had DS located at the cervical vertebra, and four
had DS located at the lumbar vertebra. The DS lesions
extended between 1.0 and 6.5 cm, and all identified DS
lesions were associated with a skin opening. Five dogs
were diagnosed with type I (attachment to/ending at the
supraspinous ligament), one dog had a DS identified as
type II (DS connected to the supraspinous ligament via a
fibrous strand), and the remaining four dogs were
diagnosed with type IV (DS penetration of the spinal
cord). In six cases the DS lesion was fully pigmented,
partially pigmented in two cases, and nonpigmented in
two dogs, both of which were brown-nosed. Five dogs
were from two separate litters. DS locations in the
siblings were approximately identical; however, differ-
ences in extension and pigmentation were apparent.
Funding: Swedish Kennel Club, Swedish Rhodesian
Ridgeback Club.
P-38
Sebaceousadenitis in three related Hovawart
dogs
A. VERCELLI, L. CORNEGLIANI and
L. TRONCA
Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato, Torino, Italy;
Arcugnano, Vicenza, Italy
Sebaceous adenitis (SA) is characterized by a cutaneous
inflammatory process targeting the sebaceous glands. It
has been described in several species and breeds. A
developmental, possibly inherited, disorder of the seba-
ceous glands or an immune-mediated disease, triggered
by unknown stimuli, is currently suspected. The authors
describe clinical data, histopathological and therapeutic
aspects of SA in three related Hovawart dogs (a dam,
and a male and female off-spring of this dam from
different sires). In all three dogs, the skin lesions
developed around the fifth year of age and they were
characterized by a generalized hypothricosis, hyperpig-
mentation, scaling and rat-tail. Trichography revealed
blocks of keratin within the hair shafts. Superficial and
deep skin scraping and fungal culture were negative. On
histopathological evaluation of skin biopsy specimens,
there was an advanced pattern of SA, with marked
follicular keratosis and mixed perifollicular inflamma-
tory infiltrate targeting and destroying sebaceous glands.
Complete blood count, biochemical investigation, T4,
fT4 and TSH were within the normal range. A
leishmania test (IFAT) was negative. Treatment was
started with weekly keratolytic shampoos, 50% propyl-
ene glycol dips and baby oil applications. Oral admin-
istration of 1 mg/kg once daily of prednisone acetate
and 1 mg/kg once daily of etretinate for 3 months gave
partial amelioration of the skin lesions. The diagnosis of
SA in three related Hovawart dogs suggests a genetic
basis in this breed, and we suggest that breeding of
affected and related dogs should be avoided.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts52
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-39
Canine and feline vitiligo in São Paulo (Brazil):
clinical and epidemiological features
M. OTSUKA, M. C. SONODA, C. E. LARSSON Jr,
N. S. MICHALANY and C. E. LARSSON
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola Paulista de Medicina,
Universidade Federal do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
Melanodermas and leukodermas are conditions invol-
ving skin pigment changes. Vitiligo, an acquired leuko-
derma, is an uncommon canine and feline skin disorder,
with a likely autoimmune pathogenesis. It is seen more
frequently in young adult purebred animals and has no
apparent sex predisposition. In Brazil the first report of
vitiligo was in 1986. In a 16-year period, 12 cases of
vitiligo, including 11 dogs (six Rottweilers, two Dober-
man pinschers, one great dane, one boxer, and one
mongrel dog) and one cat (Siamese), were diagnosed at
our hospital. Diagnosis was based on history, physical
examination, Wood́s lamp examination, and histopath-
ologic evaluation (H&E and Masson-Fontana stains).
Among the dogs, seven were male with a mean age of
34.5 months. The clinical evolution was known in five
patients. Skin lesions included leukotrichia (100%) and
leukoderma of the nose (100%), buccal mucosa (66.5%),
lips (85.7%), and footpads (8.5%). Leukonychia was
rarely seen. The only lesion in the cat was depigmented
footpads.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-40
Black hair follicular dysplasia in a dog: an
ultrastructural study using transmission electron
microscopy
A. SHIMIZU, A. ISHIKO, N. MURAYAMA and
M. NAGATA
School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan;
Memuro Animal Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan; Animal
Dermatology Center, ASC, Tokyo, Japan
Black hair follicular dysplasia (BHFD) is a rare
disorder in which dogs with bicolour or tricolour coats
lose hair only in the black areas at an early age. Large
melanin granule deposits within the hair shafts and
follicles are the hallmark of this disorder, but the
pathogenesis remains uncertain. A study using scanning
electron microscopy has suggested that an abnormality
of pigment transfer may play a role in the pathogenesis.
Here, we present a BHFD dog in which the lesions
were examined by transmission electron microscopy. A
3-year-old male mixed-breed dog with black-and-white
hair coat presented with a 2-year history of alopecia in
the black-haired areas. Physical examination revealed
no abnormalities other than alopecia. Skin scrapings,
fungal culture, CBC, serum chemistry analysis, and
endocrine tests were unremarkable. Histopathologically,
no abnormality was observed in the white-haired areas,
whereas black-haired areas showed numerous large
melanin granules in hair shafts and follicles. Based on
these findings, the dog was diagnosed as having BHFD.
Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous
melanin clumps consisting of atypical (both in shape
and size) melanosomes in the lower part of telogen hair
follicles. Some melanin clumps were surrounded by a
cell membrane-like structure, in which degenerative
nuclei were recognized. It is speculated that melanin
clumps originate from melanin blockade. Further
investigation is needed for a better understanding of
the pathogenesis of BHFD.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-41
Psychogenic alopecia by fur-plucking in a
family of seal-point Siamese cats: three cases
K. E. LOFT and D. SHEARER
Royal Veterinary & Agricultural University of Denmark,
Copenhagen, Denmark; Finn Pathologists, Weybread,
Diss, Norfolk, UK
Three seal-point Siamese cats (phenotype = SIA n),
from the same line of breeding, displayed fur-plucking of
the dorsum. Feline psychogenic alopecia is an anxiety
neurosis. In these cats, fur-plucking is an excessive
grooming behaviour leading to fur hyperpigmentation.
The first case was a 3-year-old intact female that had
been fur-plucking from 6 months of age. She was the
offspring of the mating of a lilac-point male (SIA a) and
a SIA n female. The cat was treated with depomedrol and
Viacutan� without effect. The second case was a 3-year-
old castrated male that had been fur-plucking from
9 months of age. He was treated with megestrol acetate
with moderate effect. The third case was a 1-year-old
intact female that had been fur-plucking from 6 months
of age and was the offspring of the first case and a male
chocolate point (SIA b). She was treated with depome-
drol and Viacutan� without effect. None of the litter-
mates with other phenotypes (4 SIA a) had
dermatological complaints. All affected cats underwent
a full evaluation including dermatophyte testing (negat-
ive), ectoparasite tests (negative) and intradermal tests
(negative). An 8-week food elimination trial followed by
a 3-week challenge had no effect. Histopathology
revealed a mild mononuclear superficial perivascular
dermatitis and perifolliculitis. There were no morpholo-
gical hair or hair follicle abnormalities. A diagnosis of
feline psychogenic alopecia was made on the basis of
exclusion. The finding of feline psychogenic alopecia in
three closely related cats suggests that the disorder may
be hereditary or have an inherited component.
Funding: Kruuse A/S Denmark.
Poster Abstracts 53
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
Topic 7: ALLERGIC DISEASES
P-42
Pollen allergies in atopic dogs in Buenos Aires
(Argentina)
G. A. MANIGOT
Animal Allergy and Dermatology Referral Service, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
The importance of pollen allergies in dogs with atopic
dermatitis in South America has not been determined.
Local allergists and pallinologists have performed a few
studies evaluating pollen counts in Buenos Aires
throughout the year. Those studies helped the author
in choosing a pollen allergen panel for intradermal
testing based on local allergens. One-hundred-sixty
dogs with atopic dermatitis were tested intradermally
during a 3-year period, using 30 individual allergens
including house dust mites, moulds, trees, weeds and
grasses. The most important pollen allergens in terms
of positive reactions were Platanus acerifolia (32 dogs),
Fraxinus Americana (11 dogs), Cynodon dactylon (13
dogs), Ambrosia tenuifolia(26 dogs), Artemisia spp. (16
dogs), Plantago lanceolata (21 dogs), Chenopodium spp.
(16 dogs) and grass pollen (29 dogs). Other pollens on
the panel were less important. A correlation between
pollination season and atopic dermatitis symptoms was
determined. A few dogs were only positive for pollen
and not for house dust mites. The incidence of pollen
allergies in canine atopic dermatitis in South America
must be determined in order to select an adequate
panel for the area and for its main cities, and to
exclude those allergens that are irrelevant locally.
Special individual cases might be further tested, if
necessary, with other allergens upon plant identification
in the patient’s environment. The findings encourage
more investigation in this area, and suggest that
allergen-specific immunotherapy with tree, weed and
grass pollen should be considered.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-43
IgG antibodies against sarcoptic mite antigens
in dogs cross-reacting with house dust and
storage mite antigens
B. BIGLER and F. VIRCHOW
Laupeneck AG, Labor, Bern, Switzerland
Sera from dogs suffering from scabies were used to
evaluate possible antigenic cross-reactivity with proteins
from house dust or storage mites. Polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis on gradient gels was used to create size-
dependent protein bands of Sarcoptes scabiei ssp. vulpis,
Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Acarus siro,
Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae.
Anti-canine IgG antibodies conjugated with alkaline
phosphatase were used for immunostaining. Different
patterns for Sarcoptes could be seen with strong bands
repetitively observed of approximately 22, 112, 116, 132
and 200 kD in size. The band at approximately 22 kD
seems likely to have cross-reactivity with a protein of the
same size in A. siro. The one at approximately 200 kD
might share antigenic activity with bands of D. farinae
and, to a lesser extent, D. pteronyssinus.
Funding: Laupeneck AG.
P-44
The presence of dust mite species in the
environment of dust mite-sensitized atopic dogs
R. FARMAKI, M. N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS,
A. F. KOUTINAS, L. LEONTIDES,
M. G. PAPAZAHARIADOU and D. GIOULEKAS
School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotles University of
Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; School of
Medicine, Aristotles University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Dust mites (DM), especially Dermatophagoides farinae
(DF), are the most common offending aeroallergens in
atopic dogs. The aim of this study was to compare the
DM species in the households of atopic dogs (Group
A, n = 8) that reacted intradermally to DF,
D. pteronyssinus (DP), Acarus siro (AS), Lepidoglyphus
destructor (LD) and/or Tyrophagus putrescentiae (TP),
to DM species in households of nonatopic dogs
(Group B, n = 4) and households without pets (Group
C, n = 8). Group A dogs exhibited perennial pruritus,
were free of pathogenic mites and fleas, did not
respond to an elimination diet, and fulfilled the
diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis. All Group B
dogs tested ID negative and had no dermatological
problems. Dust samples were vacuum collected in a
standardized fashion from two sites of the dog living
quarters, one time for each season. DM quantitation
was made stereoscopically and their species identifica-
tion by microscopy. DM median number in Group A
was 1.5 for DF, 0.5 for DP and 0 for the other three
species. One of eight, one of four and one of four dogs
were sensitized to DF, AS and TP, respectively, despite
the absence of these species from their environment.
No difference could be found in terms of DM species
between the three groups (lowest P value = 0.06). In
conclusion, cross-sensitization between DM or irritant
intradermal test reactions to their allergenic extracts
may be common, and no preferential overpopulation of
DF can explain the frequent sensitization of atopic
dogs to this mite.
Funding: Self-funded.
Poster Abstracts54
� 2004 ESVD and ACVD, Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (Suppl. 1), 41–69
P-45
Treatment of allergic feline asthma with
allergen avoidance and specific immunotherapy:
20 cats
C. PROST
26 rue des Tilleuls, Pusignan, France
Twenty cats presented with respiratory signs identified
as asthma lasting for several months or years. The
episodes of acute coughing and dyspnea were severe,
requiring frequent glucocorticoid therapy. An allergic
diagnosis was proposed in order to identify the putative
allergens involved and to try specific therapy. Three cats
developed diabetes mellitus secondary to glucocorticoid
treatments. Two of them could not be tested and were
given inhalant therapy with bronchodilators and
glucocorticoids several times during the day and night.
Intradermal tests were performed in 18 cats using 42
aeroallergens. Three tests were negative, even after a
second test. Inhalant therapy was prescribed for three
cats. Fifteen cats showed positive intradermal test
reactions to house dust mites, storage mites and less
frequently, pollens. When intradermal test results were
positive for storage mites or cockroach, elimination of
dried food was first recommended. This was sufficient
for remission of the respiratory signs in three cats.
Specific immunotherapy was prescribed for the other 12
cats. At the initiation of immunotherapy, all cats were
treated with inhaled medications. After 6–9 months,
immunotherapy was effective in controlling clinical signs
of asthma without any other symptomatic treatment in
eight cats. Four cats still required inhaled salbutamol
and beclometasone two to three times weekly, instead of
two to three times daily. This study demonstrates the
role of allergenic stimuli in feline asthma and the
advantage of specific immunotherapy as a long-term
treatment.
Funding: Self-funded.
P-46
A placebo-controlled, double-blinded study
of recombinant IFNc in dogs with atopic
dermatitis
A. HASEGAWA, T. SAKURAI and T. IWASAKI
Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Toray
Industries, Inc., Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
A placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical study of
canine recombinant IFNc (KT-100) was conducted in
dogs with atopic dermatitis at 31 animal hospitals in
Japan that met the Good Clinical Practices standard.
Based on the results of a preceding dose-finding study,
KT-100 was administered subcutaneously at a dose of
10 000 units/kg body weight three times a week for
2 weeks. Efficacy analysis was performed using data
obtained from 100 dogs (50 in the KT-100 group and 50
in the placebo group). The veterinarian’s evaluation, the
dog owner’s evaluation, and the clinical skin score (total
score for erythema, pigmentation and alopecia) showed
marked improvement with a significant reduction in the
area of the lesions in the KT-100 group compared with
the placebo group. Animals in both groups were subjec-
ted to an additional 2-week treatment with KT-100 using
the same dosage; the therapeutic effects lasted at least
2 weeks after the termination of treatment. For safety
evaluation, 134 dogs (65 in the KT-100 group and 69 in
the placebo group) were observed for 2 weeks after
additional treatment with KT-100 for a total of 42 days,
but none of them presented with any adverse events
except one dog with soft stools. These results suggest that
KT-100 is efficacious and safe for the treatment of atopic
dermatitis in dogs.
Funding: Toray Industries, Inc.
P-47
Successful management of canine atopic
dermatitis with a plant extract: safety profile
T. J. NUTTALL, E. A. FERGUSON,
J. D. LITTLEWOOD and A. KELLY
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool, UK; Royal Veterinary College, University of
London, Hatfield, Herts, UK; Veterinary Dermatology
Referrals, Cambridgeshire, UK; Phytopharm plc,
Godmanchester, Cambridgeshire, UK
This study reports safety data for PhytopicaTM, a
proprietary blend of standardized plant extracts, from a
double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial