LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I EXERCÍCIOS AULAS 1 A 10

Prévia do material em texto

Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A1__V1 
	14/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the word highlighted is correctly analyzed?
		
	
	Both came. (both - determiner)
	 
	This train is moving fast. (this - determiner)
	 
	Try to ignore the few people who sneer. (few - pronoun)
	
	Both of the students came. (both - pronoun)
	
	Try to ignore the few who sneer. (few - determiner)
	Respondido em 14/04/2020 19:19:36
	
Explicação:
· Try to ignore the few who sneer = pronoun - it is replacing the noun.
· Try to ignore the few people who sneer. - determiner -  it is a determiner followed by a noun.
· Both of the students came - In this case, both is a determiner, as it which co-occurs with a noun (students).
· Both came.. - In this case, both is a pronoun, as it is replacing a noun (students).
	· 
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Match the items on the right to the items on the left.
1. Preposition           
2. Determiner           
3. Conjunction          
(    ) A word used to connect words, phrases or clauses within a sentence e.g. and, if, although, because
(    ) A word that comes before a noun form to connect it to another word e.g. in , by, across
(     ) A modifier for a noun phrase e.g. this, some, my, a/the
		
	
	e) 1-3-2
	
	a) 1-2-3
	 
	d) 3-2-1
	 
	b) 3-1-2
	
	c) 2-1-3
	Respondido em 14/04/2020 19:21:42
	
Explicação:
Preposition - A preposition is a connector that introduces a prepositional phrase. It usually connects a noun or noun phrase to the part of the sentence modified by the whole prepositional phrase, and it shows the relation between the two.
Determiner -A word which co-occurs with a noun to show meanings such as number, quantity or identity.
Conjunction -A conjunction is a connector. A coordinate conjunction connects words or groups of words that are grammatically the same. A subordinate conjunction connects a subordinate, or dependent, clause to a main clause.
 
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Some words which are prepositions also function as conjunctions. Bearing that in mind, classify the word "AFTER" in the senteces below as a [preposition] or [conjunction].
1) After we spoke this afternoon, he rang me to apologize.
2) After the meeting, he rang me to apologize.
3) After the show, we returned home.
		
	
	preposition; preposition; preposition.
	
	conjunction; conjunction; conjunction.
	
	preposition; preposition; conjunction.
	
	conjunction; preposition; conjunction;
	 
	conjunction; preposition; preposition.
	Respondido em 14/04/2020 19:31:31
	
Explicação:
1) After we spoke this afternoon, he rang me to apologize. = conjunction (after + Clause)
2) After the meeting, he rang me to apologize. = preposition (after+ noun)
3) After the show, we returned home.= preposition (after+ noun)
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the word is incorrectly analyzed?
		
	
	c)I cook dinner every Sunday (cook - verb)
	
	e)He drives a fast car (fast - adjective)
	
	d)The cook is on holiday (cook - noun)
	 
	a)They have a  pittoresque cottage (pittoresque- noun).
 
	
	b)We holiday there each year (holiday - verb).
	Respondido em 14/04/2020 19:34:15
	
Explicação:
'pittoresque' is an adjective followd by a noun.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Classify the word 'peopled' in the sentence: "Europeans peopled America".
		
	
	c) conjunction
	 
	e) verb
	
	b) adjective
	
	a) noun
	
	d) numeral
	Respondido em 14/04/2020 19:35:40
	
Explicação:
Na frase "Europeans peopled America", 'peopled' é o verb (povoar). Podemos ver isso pela terminação verbal 'ed'.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the function word in the sentence: "I don't imagine you can succeed in a business venture."
		
	
	e) succeed
	 
	a) you
	
	c) business
	
	d) venture
	
	b) imagine
	Respondido em 14/04/2020 19:28:48
	
Explicação:
Some word classes are OPEN (OR FORM CLASSES), that is, new words can be added to the class as the need arises. The class of nouns, for instance, is potentially infinite, since it is continually being expanded as new scientific discoveries are made, new products are developed, and new ideas are explored. They are:
· Nouns
· Lexical Verbs (or Full Verbs)
· Adjectives
· Adverbs
· Interjections
 
The words in open classes are called CONTENT (OR LEXICAL) WORDS. They are words which have meaning in themselves.
TELA 9
On the other hand, we never invent new prepositions, determiners, or conjunctions. They are called CLOSED (OR STRUCTURE CLASSES) WORD CLASSES because they are made up of finite sets of words which are never expanded (though their members may change their spelling, for example, over long periods of time). They are:
· Auxiliary Verbs (primary and modal verbs)
· Determiners
· Pronouns
· Prepositions
· Conjunctions
 
The words in open classes are called FUNCTION WORDS. They are words which have little or no meaning other than the grammatical idea they express. There are only about 300 in English.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which option the words are incorrectly analyzed considering the word class and the clause element of the following sentence: 'Computers are fairly commonplace today.' ?
		
	
	c) commonplace - adjective-head of complement
	 
	d) are - verb-transitive verb
	
	b) fairly - adverb-adverbial
	
	e) today - adverb-adverbial
	
	a) computers - noun- head of the subject
	Respondido em 14/04/2020 19:38:01
	
Explicação:
'are' - verb to be - it is a linking verb - followed by an adjective 'commonplace'.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Classify the word 'some' in the sentence: "Some people like cats".
		
	
	d) numeral
	
	b) adjective
	 
	e) determiner
	
	a) noun
	
	c) conjunction
	Respondido em 14/04/2020 19:37:11
	
Explicação:
 
Determiners (Demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, articles, possessive adjectives, numerals) - A word which co-occurs with a noun to show meanings such as number, quantity or identity.
 
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A2__V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete the sentences with the right preposition:
I. She will go to New York _________ 25th of March.
II. I see a house_________the picture.
III. It is very unusual in many cultures if a person is not married _________ the age of 30.
IV. I found the picture _________ the paper.
		
	
	in - on - by - on
	
	in - in - by - in
	
	on - on - by - on
	
	in - on - on - on
	 
	on -in - by - in
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:31:03
	
Explicação:
FIXED PREPOSITIONS:
I. She will go to New York _________ 25th of March. (ON)
II. I see a house_________the picture. (IN) 
III. It is very unusual in many cultures if a person is not married _________ the age of 30. (BY)
IV. I found the picture _________ the paper. (IN)
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete the sentences with the right preposition: I. She will go to New York _________ 25th of March. II. I see a house_________the picture. III. It is very unusual in many cultures if a person is not married _________ the age of 30. IV. I found the picture _________ the paper. V. The police car chased the robbers _________the streets.
		
	 
	a) on - in - by - in - through
	
	e) on- on - by - in - through
	
	b) in - in - by - in - through
	
	d) in -in - until - in - across
	
	c) on - on - until - in - across
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:40:39
	
Explicação:
FIXED PREPOSITIONS.
She will go to New York _________ 25th of March. (ON)
II. I see a house_________the picture. (IN)
III. It is very unusual in many cultures if a person is not married _________ the age of 30. (BY)
IV. I found the picture _________ the paper. (IN)
V. The police car chased the robbers_________the streets. (THROUGH)
 
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Qual das alternativas abaixo apresenta um uso INCORRETO das preposições BY ou UNTIL ?
		
	
	I have to finish this report by the end of the week.
	
	I waited until 5 o'clock, but nobody came.
	
	He had to stay in his office until late at night.
	
	You can borrow my car until tomorrow.
	 
	We have to hand in our projects until September.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:46:30
	
Explicação: Aqui não se refere ao tempo decorrido, mas sim ao fim do prazo estipulado para entrega dos relatórios, o que torna obrigatório o uso da preposição BY, e não UNTIL.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In the sentence 'Because of the rain, we missed the train', the semantic meaning of the preposition is:
		
	
	time
	 
	source
	
	opposition
	
	place
	
	purpose
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:42:33
	
Explicação:
 
SOURCE OR CAUSE: Because of, by reason of.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the semantic classification of this preposition in the sentence: 'He works like a dog'. ?
		
	 
	c) comparison
	
	e) place
	
	d) source
	
	a) time
	
	b) concession
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:42:52
	
Explicação:
COMPARISON: AS, LIKE.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which sentence is completed with the preposition ON?
		
	
	d)There are kites _____ the sky.
	
	a)There was a huge gathering _____ bus stop.
	
	c)She likes walking _____ the rain.
	
	b)He gets _____ the car.
	 
	e)He lives __________ a farm.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:43:15
	
Explicação:
 
a)There was a huge gathering _____ bus stop. AT
b)He gets _____ the car. IN
c)She likes walking _____ the rain. =IN
d)There are kites _____ the sky. = IN
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Match then choose the correct alternative:
1) In                                                                         
2) At                                                                         
3) On                                                                       
(      ) 4th July, 1776                                                
(      ) Easter Monday                                              
(      ) the end of the week
(      ) Christmas
(      ) September
		
	
	c) on - on - at - in - on
	
	a) in - in - at - in - in
	
	e) in - on - at - at - in
	 
	b)on - on - at - at - in
	
	d) on - on - at - in - in
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:44:25
	
Explicação:
FIXED PREPOSITION
ON 4th July, 1776                                                
ON Easter Monday                                              
AT the end of the week
AT  Christmas
IN  September
	
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Qual das alternativas a seguir poderia ter a lacuna corretamente preenchida pela preposição WITH ?
		
	
	She felt a little annoyed ____ our delay.
	
	They are leaving _____ a few minutes.
	
	They have to stay here _____ 5 p.m.
	
	She is afraid _____ spiders.
	 
	I am really angry _____ you.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:37:34
	
Explicação:
O adjetivo "angry" é seguido pela preposição "with" quando o objeto do sentir-se "angry" refere-se a pessoas.
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A3__V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the word is incorrectly classified?
		
	
	He came by the office in a hurry (preposition)
	 
	He came by his fortune honestly (preposition)
	
	He wants to color outside (adverb)
	
	He wants to color outside the lines (preposition)
	
	After the summer ended he went back home (conjunction)
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:54:12
	
Explicação:
Prepositions can act as adverbs or as conjunctions. So, let¿s see the difference:
A preposition initiates a noun, adjective or adverb, whereas a conjunction initiates a clause:
· (preposition) before/after/since the end of the summer
· (conjunction) before/after/since the summer ended
· (preposition) It looks like another rainy day
· (conjunction) It looks like it's going to rain again today
Prepositions will always take an object, adverbs do not. You test for an object by asking the question, What? after the word in question. If it has an object, it is a preposition, if it doesn't, it is an adverb.
· He wants to color outside. (adverb)
· He wants to color outside the lines. (preposition)
· It will be some time before his schedule settles down. (adverb)
· One need only look down the roster to see the impact of so much travel. (preposition)
	· 
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In the following sentence the words is bold are respectively: Throughout the day, Carla hummed a favorite song to herself.
		
	
	preposition - conjunction
	
	conjunction - conjunction
	
	conjunction - preposition
	
	preposition - adverb
	 
	preposition - preposition
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:49:11
	
Explicação:
Throughout the day, Carla hummed a favorite song to herself.
throught + noun = preposition
to + pronoun = preposition
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete with the proper preposition:
I. I need to apologize ______ you.
II.I agree ______ that proposal.
III. I agree ______ you.
IV. I agree ______ this price.
V. I agree ______ principle.
		
	 
	b) to - to - with - on - in
	
	c) with - to - with - on - on
	
	a) with - with - with - on - in
	
	d) with - to - with - on - in
	
	e) to - to - with - in - in
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:58:08
	
Explicação:
FIXED PREPOSITIONS
I. I need to apologize ______ you. = Apologize to someone for something or for someone
II.I agree ______ that proposal.
III. I agree ______ you.
IV. I agree ______ this price.
V. I agree ______ principle.
Agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle
 
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that classifies correctly the words in PREPOSITIONS OR ADVERBS:
Below the water, there are many dangers
Turn the television on so that we can see the news.
The athletes ran outside.
Throughout high school, there are many opportunities to do volunteer work.
The security guards would not allow Mike through.
		
	
	a) adverb - preposition - preposition - adverb - preposition
	
	d) preposition - adverb - preposition - preposition - adverb
	 
	b) preposition - adverb - adverb - preposition - adverb
	
	e) preposition - adverb - adverb - preposition - preposition
	
	c) preposition - preposition - adverb - preposition - adverb
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:00:33
	
Explicação:
Preposition is followed by a noun. Adverb comes at the end of a sentence.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Determine whether the words in bold are a preposition or an adverb.
I. Please bring the newspaper inside.
II. Linda stood up and clapped loudly.
III. Lisa borrowed a sweatshirt from her friend.
IV.  Be careful walking across the wet floor.
		
	
	c) adverb - adverb - adverb - preposition
	
	b) adverb - preposition - preposition - preposition
	 
	e) adverb - adverb - preposition - preposition
	
	d) adverb - adverb - preposition - adverb
	
	a) preposition - adverb - preposition - preposition
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:00:52
	
Explicação:
Preposition is followed by a noun. Adverb comes at the end of the sentence.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Some words which are prepositions also function as conjunctions. Bearing that in mind, classify the word "AFTER" in the senteces below as a [preposition] or [conjunction]. 1) After we spoke this afternoon, he rang me to apologize. 2) After the meeting, he rang me to apologize. 3) After the show, we returned home.
		
	
	conjunction; preposition; conjunction;
	 
	conjunction; preposition; preposition.
	
	preposition; preposition; conjunction.
	
	conjunction; conjunction; conjunction.
	
	preposition; preposition; preposition.
	Respondidoem 15/04/2020 15:50:03
	
Explicação:
A preposition initiates a noun, adjective or adverb, whereas a conjunction initiates a clause:
· (preposition) before/after/since the end of the summer
· (conjunction) before/after/since the summer ended
· (preposition) It looks like another rainy day
· (conjunction) It looks like it's going to rain again today
	· 
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative we can't end the sentence with a preposition?
		
	
	d) Which book are you referring to?
	
	c) I want to know where he came from.
	
	b) She displayed the good humor she's known for.
	 
	a) Where are you at?
	
	e) What did you step on?
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:54:57
	
Explicação:
English has a type of verb called a phrasal verb. These are verbs made up of multiple words, and one is always a preposition. ¿Cheer up,¿ ¿run over,¿ ¿log on,¿ and ¿leave off¿ are all examples of phrasal verbs, and often sentences that use phrasal verbs end with a preposition:
· I wish he would cheer up.
· You should leave it off.
It¿s also OK to end a sentence with a preposition sometimes even when you aren¿t using a phrasal verb. For example, although you could rewrite the following sentences to avoid ending them with a preposition, you don¿t need to.
· She displayed the good humor she¿s known for. (Could be rewritten as ¿She displayed the good humor for which she¿s known.¿)
· I want to know where he came from. (Could be rewritten as ¿I want to know from where he came.¿)
· What's this about? (Could be rewritten as ¿About what is this?¿)
· Which book are you referring to? (Could be rewritten as ¿To which book are you referring?¿)
· What did you step on? (Could be rewritten as ¿On what did you step?¿)
When Can't You End a Sentence with a Preposition?
But, you can't always end sentences with prepositions. When you could leave off the preposition and it wouldn't change the meaning, you should leave it off. Here is a cell phone commercial:
· Where are you at?
The problem is that ¿Where are you at?¿ doesn't need the preposition at the end. If you say ¿Where are you?¿ it means the same thing. So the "at" is unnecessary. You should leave it off.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the function of the prepositional phrase [ON THE BUS] in the following sentences:
[1] The people were singing on the bus.
[2] The people on the bus were singing.
		
	 
	The first functions as an adjecive, whereas the second, as an adverb.
	
	They function as noun phrases.
	
	They function as adjectives.
	
	They function as adverbs.
	 
	The first functions as an adverb, whereas the second, as adjective.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 15:51:16
	
Explicação:
[1] The people were singing on the bus. = The function of the phrase is adverbial - it does the work of an adverb by modifying the verb singing. It answers the question: where are they singing?
[2] The people on the bus were singing. = The function of the phrase is adjectival - it does the work of an adjective by describing the noun people. It modifies the noun, answering the question: which people?
 
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A4__V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which sentence the adjective is POSTPOSITIVE?
		
	 
	c) The share-holders present voted against the Chairman. (present)
	
	b) This stretch of water is dangerous. (dangerous)
	
	a) The green door opened slowly. (green)
	
	e) A larger than normal pay increase was awarded to the nurses. (larger)
	
	d) Jan feels ill. (ill)
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:03:30
	
Explicação:
ATTRIBUTIVE adjectives come before the noun which they modify.
· He ate a delicious mango.
· Poor can¿t afford expensive clothes.
PREDICATIVE adjectives come after a verb.
· Your problem seems difficult.
· That book was good.
POSTPOSITIVE adjectives come immediately after the modified noun. In some languages this is the normal syntax, but in English it is rare, largely confined to archaic or institutional expressions. Aplenty, galore, and the informal extraordinaire are examples of adjectives that are primarily used postpositively in modern English. Name suffixes, such as Junior and Senior, also function as postpositive adjectives modifying proper names.
· Aplenty: In plentiful supply; abundant: "There were warning signs aplenty for their candidates as well" (Michael Gelb).
· Galore: In great numbers; in abundance: "with balloons and hot dogs . . . and fireworks galore" (Anne Armstrong).
· Extraordinaire: Extraordinary: a jazz singer extraordinaire.
 
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What alternative has the correct order to the following: German / old / yellow / car / an?
		
	
	b) an old German yellow car
	
	a) a German old yellow car
	
	e) a yellow old German car
	
	c) a German yellow old car
	 
	d) an old yellow German car
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:05:40
	
Explicação:
Opinion - size - age -shape (or shape -age) - color - origin - material - purpose
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which is the correct word order?
		
	
	b) a Canadian small thin lady
	 
	e) a new steel carving knife
	
	a) a French new exciting band
	
	c) a blue beautiful sailing boat
	
	d) a big plastic red hat
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:04:20
	
Explicação:
Opinion - size - age -shape (or shape -age) - color - origin - material - purpose
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In each of the following sentences the highlighted adjective is predicative?
		
	
	b)Poor can't afford expensive clothes. (expensive)
	
	d)He is facing a difficult problem. (difficult)
	 
	e)Your problem seems difficult. (difficult)
	
	c)Severe headache and fever are symptoms of malaria.(severe)
	
	a)He ate a delicious mango. (delicious)
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:03:01
	
Explicação:
ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES are part of the noun phrase headed by the noun they modify In English, attributive adjectives precede their nouns in simple phrases.
· I saw three happy kids
PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVES are linked via a copula or other linking mechanism to the noun or pronoun they modify:
Ø They are happy.
Ø They made me happy.
ABSOLUTE ADJECTIVES belong to a larger larger adjective phrase, and typically modify either the subject of a sentence or whatever noun or pronoun they are closest to:
· The boy, happy with his lollipop, did not look where he was going.
SUBSTANTIVE ADJECTIVES act almost as nouns. It may occur in the following cases:
· A noun is elided and an attributive adjective is left behind: "I read two books to them; he preferred the sad book, but she preferred the happy," (happy is a substantive adjective, short for "happy one" or "happy book.")
	· 
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In each of the following sentences the highlighted word is a participial adjective?
		
	
	c) I spent four hours calculating your tax returns. (calculating)
	
	e)My eyes are stinging. (stinging)
	
	b) Our piano was tuned by a Mr. Beethoven. (tuned)
	 
	a) He told me a moving story about his childhood. (moving)
	
	d)The noise is annoying the neighbors (annoying)
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:06:06
	
Explicação:
Many adjectives can be identified by their endings. Another major subclass of adjectives can also be formally distinguished by endings, this time by -ed or -ing endings:
· -ed form       computerized, determined, excited, misunderstood, renowned, self-centred, talented, unknown
· -ing form      annoying, exasperating, frightening, gratifying, misleading, thrilling, time-consuming, worrying
 
Remember that some -ed forms, such as misunderstood and unknown, do not end in -ed at all. Adjectives with -ed or -ing endings are known as PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES, because they have the same endings as verb participles. Like other adjectives, participial adjectives can usually be modified by very, extremely, or less (very determined, extremely self-centred, lessfrightening, etc). They can also take more and most to form comparatives and superlatives (annoying, more annoying, most annoying). Finally, most participial adjectives can be used both attributively and predicatively.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Analyzing the structures of these sentences, mark the one which has an attributive adjective.
		
	
	Doctors are always objective about sickness.
	
	The picture showed people who were happy against a background.
	
	I first became interested in Islam while I was in Arabia.
	 
	Most English girls have a fair skin.
	
	Everyone seems busy in this place, except us.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:11:06
	
Explicação:
ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES are part of the noun phrase headed by the noun they modify In English, attributive adjectives precede their nouns in simple phrases. - I saw three happy kids
PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVES are linked via a copula or other linking mechanism to the noun or pronoun they modify: - They are happy.
BSOLUTE ADJECTIVES belong to a larger larger adjective phrase, and typically modify either the subject of a sentence or whatever noun or pronoun they are closest to: - The boy, happy with his lollipop, did not look where he was going.
SUBSTANTIVE ADJECTIVES act almost as nouns. It may occur in the following cases: - A noun is elided and an attributive adjective is left behind: "I read two books to them; he preferred the sad book, but she preferred the happy," (happy is a substantive adjective, short for "happy one" or "happy book.")
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	 In the sentence: "Studying grammar makes me happy", the adjective is...
		
	
	Absolute
	 
	Predicative
	
	Attributive
	
	Substantive
	
	Postpositive
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:11:05
	
Explicação:
PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVES are linked via a copula or other linking mechanism to the noun or pronoun they modify:
Ø They are happy.
Ø They made me happy.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In each of the following sentences the highlighted word is an adjective?
		
	
	a) Life insurance is not cheap. (Life)
	
	b) Our patient records are confidential. (patient)
	
	d) The car key is in the drawer. (car)
	 
	c) The Prime Minister is a close friend of mine. (close)
	
	e) The family car is parked outside. (family)
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:07:41
	
Explicação:
The only adjective is 'close'. When a noun comes before another noun it is not an adjective. It is called the ¿noun adjunct¿, aka ¿noun modifier¿, ¿attributive noun¿, ¿noun pre-modifier¿, or ¿noun + noun¿.  
First, let me define this wonderful part of speech:  the noun adjunct is simply a noun that modifies or describes another noun and is, grammatically speaking, totally optional! This means that it can be removed from the sentence without changing the grammar. It is a noun which functions like an adjective. An example is in the sentence ¿I would like to have carrot cake for my birthday¿. Carrot describes what kind of cake. 
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A5__V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	 Are the following prepositional phrases adverbial or adjective?
I. The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.
II. Freddy is stiff from yesterday's long football practice.
III. Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil.
IV. The sweet potatoes in the vegetable bin are green with mold.
V. Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace.
		
	
	e) adverbial - adverbial - adverbial - adjective - adverbial
	
	c) adjective - adjective - adverbial - adjective - adverbial
	 
	a) adjective - adverbial - adverbial - adjective - adverbial
	
	d) adjective - adverbial - adverbial - adjective - adjective
	
	b) adverbial - adjective - adjective - adverbial - adjective
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:19:30
	
Explicação:
 
I. The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam. (it complements THE BOOK - noun)
II. Freddy is stiff from yesterday's long football practice. (it complements STIFF - adjective) 
III. Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil. (it has  a circumstance of time)
IV. The sweet potatoes in the vegetable bin are green with mold. (it complements potatoes - a noun)
V. Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace. (it has a circumstance of place)
 
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which sentence the adjective is attributive?
		
	
	e) The people are angry with the high prices. (angry)
	 
	a) Sentences can contain tremendously long phrases. (long)
	
	c) He is faster than you. (faster)
	
	b) This sentence is not tremendously long. (long)
	
	d) The pizza is very spicy but quite small. (spicy-small)
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:16:38
	
Explicação:
Adjective phrases have two primary uses.:
· they can be used to modify nouns inside noun phrases (Attributive);
· they can be predicatives in clause structure (Predicative).
Sentences can contain tremendously long phrases. - Attributive adjective phrase
This sentence is not tremendously long. - Predicative adjective phrase
A player faster than you was on their team. - Attributive adjective phrase
He is faster than you. - Predicative adjective phrase
Sam ordered a very spicy but quite small pizza. - Attributive adjective phrases
The pizza is very spicy but quite small. - Predicative adjective phrases
People angry with the high prices were protesting. - Attributive adjective phrase
The people are angry with the high prices. - Predicative adjective phrase
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the adjective is object predicative?
		
	
	d) Scared but alive, the toddler was found wandering in the woods.
	
	e) Aware of the situation, the man called for services.
	
	a) He conditioned everything is a box of paper.
	
	c) My very hyper puppy has destroyed my newpillows.
	 
	b) The preschoolers are coloring the trees purple and blue.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:20:21
	
Explicação:
Object Predicative - Adjectives and adjective phrasesfunction as object complements. An object complement is a word, phrase, or clause that directly follows and describes the direct object. The following italicized adjective phrases are examples of object complements:
· 
· Judeo-Christians consider Jerusalem holy.
· The little girl painted her bedroom bright pink.
· The preschoolers are coloring the trees purple and blue.
	· 
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the adjective is subject predicative?
		
	
	e) The fire, warm and inviting, burned brightly in the night.
	 
	c) Christmas cookies smell delicious.
	
	d) A stranger, rich and kind, paid for my dinner.
	
	a) They lost their notion of time.
	
	b) Circle the grammatically-correct sentences.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:13:29
	
Explicação:
Subject Predicative
Adjectives and adjective phrases function as subject complements. A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a linking verb and describes the subject. The following italicized adjective phrases are examples of subject complements:
· 
· My puppy is very mischievous.
· Christmas cookies smell delicious.
· The patient appears dehydrated and feverish.
· The apple pie you made tastes sour.
· My grandmother was rather forward thinking.
· The British are fond of fish and chips.
	· 
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the adjective is adnominal?
		
	
	c) The British are fond of fish and chips.
	
	d) My grandmother was rather forward thinking.
	
	a) The girl painted her bedroom pink.
	 
	e) The blackcat drank the fresh cream.
	
	b) Judeo-Christians consider Jerusalem holy.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:18:42
	
Explicação:
Adnominal Adjectives - An adnominal adjective is an adjective that modifies a noun that comes after or before it.
· 
· The black cat drank the fresh cream.
·The audition calls for young, female actresses.
· The tiny baby was born prematurely.
· Finals week results in stressful days for students.
 
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which sentence the predicative is object?
		
	
	e)The apple pie you made tastes sour. (sour)
	
	b)Finals week results in stressful days for students. (stressful)
	 
	c)The preschoolers are coloring the trees purple and blue. (purple and blue)
	
	d)My puppy is very mischievous. (mischievous)
	
	a)The tiny baby was born prematurely. (tiny)
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:15:35
	
Explicação:
Object Predicative
Adjectives and adjective phrases thirdly  function as object complements. An object complement is a word, phrase, or clause that directly follows and describes the direct object. The following italicized adjective phrases are examples of object complements:
· 
· Judeo-Christians consider Jerusalem holy.
· The little girl painted her bedroom bright pink.
· The preschoolers are coloring the trees purple and blue.
· The jury declared the defendant guilty.
· We voted her entry most original.
· Studying grammar makes me happy.
	· 
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which sentence the complement is correctly analyzed?
		
	 
	e) That shrimp dish made him sick. (sick - object predicative)
	
	d) They elected him president. (president - subject predicative)
	
	a) He seems nice. (nice - object predicative)
	
	c) We painted the door white. (white - subject predicative)
	
	b) The driver is tired. (tired - object predicative)
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:19:45
	
Explicação:
Subject Predicative - Adjectives and adjective phrases  function as subject complements. A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a linking verb and describes the subject. The following italicized adjective phrases are examples of subject complements:
· 
· My puppy is very mischievous.
· Christmas cookies smell delicious.
· The patient appears dehydrated and feverish.
· The apple pie you made tastes sour.
Object Predicative - Adjectives and adjective phrases function as object complements. An object complement is a word, phrase, or clause that directly follows and describes the direct object. The following italicized adjective phrases are examples of object complements:
· 
· Judeo-Christians consider Jerusalem holy.
· The little girl painted her bedroom bright pink.
· The preschoolers are coloring the trees purple and blue.
	· 
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Phrases are considered to be the BUILDING BLOCKS for the construction of sentences. The English language has the following types of phrases: NOUN PHRASES, VERB PHRASES, ADJECTIVE PHRASES, PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES AND ADVERB PHRASES. Consider the following sentence: "I gave my sister a sweater for her birthday". How many NOUN PHRASES are there in it?
		
	
	2
	
	1
	
	3
	 
	4
	
	5
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:12:59
	
Explicação:
"I gave my sister a sweater for her birthday". How many NOUN PHRASES are there in it?
there are four.
1) I
2) my sister
3) a sweater
4) for her birthday = Noun phrases are also used as part of prepositional phrases. They act as the complement of the preposition:
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A6__V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the impersonal passive of the sentence: 'People know that cars pollute the environment.' ?
		
	
	a) The environment is polluted by cars and people know that.
	 
	e) Cars are known to pollute the environment.
	
	b) The environment is polluted by cars.
	
	d) People know that the environment is polluted by cars.
	
	c) The environment was polluted by cars.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:28:21
	
Explicação:
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. Portuguese, German). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Ø They say that women live longer than men. ¿ It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Ø They say that women live longer than men. ¿ Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In the sentence: 'I sent him a letter.', HIM is the indirect object. In which sentence this object is correctly changed in the passive voice and becomes the subject?
		
	
	e) A letter was sent.
	
	c) A letter was sent to him.
	
	a) He had been sent a letter.
	
	d) He sent a letter.
	 
	b) He was sent a letter.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:36:57
	
Explicação:
 
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
'I sent him a letter.', HIM is the indirect object. = He was sent a letter.
 
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Rewrite the following sentence in the Passive Voice: 'David has sold the company'.
		
	 
	b) The company has been sold by David.
	
	a) The company was sold by David.
	
	d) The company was being sold by David.
	
	c) The company had been sold by David.
	
	e) The company was going to be sold by David.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:32:06
	
Explicação:
David has sold the company = The company has been sold. = present perfet.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete: "All the  bread ....... by the mice."
		
	
	ate
	
	being eaten
	
	eaten
	
	has eaten
	 
	has been eaten
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:40:31
	
Explicação:
Passive voice - present perfect - has been eaten (be (in the present perfect + eat (past participle)
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the correct passive voice to this sentence: "Rita wrote a letter to me".
		
	
	I was wroten a letter.
	 
	I was written a letter.
	
	I had been written a letter.
	
	A letter had been wroten to me.
	
	A letter had been written to me.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:39:19
	
Explicação:
Rita wrote a letter to me. = Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which sentence the passive voice is right?
		
	
	Julia rescued three cats. - Three cats was rescued.
	
	The students handed in the reports. - The reports have been handed in.
	
	Steven has forgotten the book. - The book had been forgot.
	
	Alex learned the poem. - The poem will be learned.
	 
	Once a week, Tom cleans the house - Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:40:11
	
Explicação:
Julia rescued three cats. - Three cats was (WERE) rescued.
The students handed in the reports. - The reports have been (WERE) handed in.
Alex learned the poem. - The poem will be (WAS) learned.
Steven has forgotten the book. - The book had (HAS) been forgot.
 
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Voice is the expression of relationships between the predicate and nominal functions. English has two voices: active and passive. Choose the option which completes the phrase: "In the active voice,
		
	 
	the subject performs the action of or acts upon the verb and the direct object receives the action of the verb."
	
	the subject performs the action of or acts upon the object and the verb receives the action."
	
	the verb performs the action of or acts upon the subject and the direct objectreceives the action of the verb."
	
	the verb performs the action of or acts upon another verb and the direct object receives the action of the verb."
	
	the subject performs the action of or acts upon another subject and the direct object receives the action of the verb."
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:36:17
	
Explicação:
The active voice is the most commonly used in many languages and represents the "normal" case, in which the subject of the verb is the agent. The thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Ø The professor  (subject doing action) teacher  ( active verb) the students (object receiving action).
Ø John (subject doing action) washes (active verb) the dishes(object receiving action).
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which alternative is in the impersonal passive?
		
	
	I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight.
	
	A letter can be written by Rita.
	
	I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
	
	Houses are built.
	 
	It is said that they would come.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:26:55
	
Explicação:
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. Portuguese, German). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Ø They say that women live longer than men. ¿ It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Ø They say that women live longer than men. ¿ Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A7__V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete the reported speech:
Peter said: 'I worked in the garden yesterday.'
Peter said that...
		
	
	d) he had worked in the garden yesterday.
	 
	b) he had worked in the garden the previous day.
	
	e) he worked in the garden yesterday.
	
	a) he had worked in the garden one day ago.
	
	c) he worked in the garden one day ago.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:56:04
	
Explicação:
simple past changes into past perfect = work - had worked.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the time change is wrong?
		
	 
	e)'We're flying to Rome next week,' he said. - He said they were flying to Rome next week.
	
	d)'I met Susan five years ago,' I said - I said that I met Susan five years before.
	
	c)'I'm going to work by bus this week,' she said. - She said she was going to work by bus that week.
	
	b)'We're having dinner out tonight,' she said. - She said they were having dinner out that night.
	
	a) 'I'm in a good mood today,' he said. - He said he was in a good mood that day.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:59:41
	
Explicação:
'We're flying to Rome next week,' he said. - He said they were flying to Rome the following week. 
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the time change is wrong?
		
	 
	c) tomorrow - the day after
	
	d) yesterday - the day before
	
	a) today - that day
	
	e) last week - the week before
	
	b) tonight - that night
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:57:23
	
Explicação:
Today - That day
Tonight - That night
This week / month / year - That week / month / year
Now - Then / at that time /at the moment
Yesterday - The day before
Last night / week / month - The previous night / week / month
Two years / days / weeks ago - Two years / days / weeks before
Tomorrow - The next day / the following day
Next week / month / year  -  The following / the next week / month / year
Now that - Since
These (days) - Those (days)
Here - There
This - That
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the reported speech is wrong?
		
	
	e)You look very nice. = I told him he looked very nice.
	
	d) Can you drive? - I asked him if he could drive.
	
	b)'I'm going to work by bus this week,' she said. - She said she was going to work by bus that week.
	 
	a)'I've finished my project,' he said. - He said he finished his project.
	
	c)'We're flying to Rome next week,' he said. - He said they were flying to Rome the following week.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:50:58
	
Explicação:
a)'I've finished my project,' he said. - He said he (had) finished his project.
present perfec - past perfect.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the reported speech is wrong?
		
	 
	d)"Take off your shoes," she told us.→ She told us to take off your shoes.
	
	e) "Mind your own business," she told him.→ She told him to mind his own business.
	
	a)"Play it again, Sam," she said.→ She asked Sam to play it again.
	
	c)"Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.→ The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form.
	
	b)"Sit down, Caron" he said.→ He asked Caron to sit down.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:52:17
	
Explicação:
d)"Take off your shoes," she told us.→ She told us to take off your (our) shoes.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which alternative is CORRECT?
		
	
	d) The auxiliary verbs should, could, would, ought to and might change in the indirect speech.
	
	b) The reporting verb is in the past tense but the meaning refers to something which never changes or is always true, there is backshift of tense.
	 
	a) If the introductory sentence starts in the present, present perfect or future, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
	
	e) If the introductory sentence starts in the past, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
	
	c) When we are reporting something that was said in the past but is still true, it is obligatory to make the tense 'more in the past'. The choice is up to the speaker.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:54:54
	
Explicação:
b) The reporting verb is in the past tense but the meaning refers to something which never changes or is always true, there is backshift of tense.
 
	 
	 
	
	c) When we are reporting something that was said in the past but is still true, it is obligatory to make the tense 'more in the past'. The choice is up to the speaker.
	 
	
	d) The auxiliary verbs should, could, would, ought to and might change in the indirect speech.
	 
	
	e) If the introductory sentence starts in the past, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the passive voice is wrong?
		
	 
	e)'We' ve lived here for six years'. - He told me that they have lived here for six years
	
	b) 'Who is your favorite singer?' - He asked Mary who her favorite singer was.
	
	c)'Are you married?' - He asked Susan if she was married.
	
	a)'Where do you live?' - She asked me where I lived.
	
	d) 'Has your father retired yet?' - She asked James if his father had retired yet.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:59:11
	
Explicação:
e)'We' ve lived here for six years'. - He told me that they have (HAD) lived here for six years
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which sentence the indirect speech is right?
		
	
	"Don't be nasty," he said. - He urged me don't be nasty.
	
	"I can't drive a lorry," he said. - He said that he can't drive a lorry.
	
	John said, "I love this town." - John said that he had loved that town.
	 
	"Be nice to your brother," he said. - He asked me to be nice to my brother.
	
	"Are you sure?" He asked me. - He asked me if I had been sure.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 16:51:49
	
Explicação:
John said, "I love this town." - John said that he had loved that town.
"Are you sure?" He asked me. - He asked me if Ihad been (WAS) sure.
"I can't drive a lorry," he said. - He said that he can't (COULDN'T) drive a lorry.
"Don't be nasty," he said. - He urged me don't (NOT TO) be nasty.
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A8__V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the translation is wrong?
		
	 
	a)Cry wolf -grito aterrorizador
	
	e)Flare-up in anger - Rodar a baiana, subir nos tamancos
	
	c)Dutch courage - Coragem dada pelo álcool
	
	d)Dead-pan - Cara de pau
	
	b)Rubber check - Cheque sem fundo
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:06:11
	
Explicação:
Cry-wolf = alarme falso.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Match
1. Diaphasic or stylistic variation  
2. Diastratic variation                    
3. Diatopic variation                      
(  ) In different places and regions of the linguistic area, different dialects and accents are spoken.
(   ) Variants in user¿s variation. It depends on social factors.
(   ) In different communicative settings, different levels of style/register are used and in different social groups (according to age, sex, profession ...)
		
	
	e) 2-3-1
	
	d)1-3-2
	
	c) 1-2-3
	
	b)3-1-2
	 
	a)3-2-1
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:12:11
	
Explicação:
Diaphasic or stylistic variation (across situation) - In different communicative settings, different levels of style/register are used and in different social groups (according to age, sex, profession ...)
Diastratic (across level) - Variants in user¿s variation. It depends on social factors.
Diatopic (across place) - In different places and regions of the linguistic area, different dialects and accents are spoken.
 
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Match
1. Diaphasic or stylistic variation  
2. Diastratic variation                    
3. Diatopic variation                      
(    ) Educated and lower educated people
(    ) Cockney English
(     ) Youth language, hunters' language
		
	
	d) 3-2-1
	
	e) 1-3-2
	
	b) 2-1-3
	
	a) 1-2-3
	 
	c) 2-3-1
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:04:01
	
Explicação:
Diatopic (across place) - In different places and regions of the linguistic area, different dialects and accents are spoken. - Cockney English
Diastratic (across level) - Variants in user¿s variation. It depends on social factors. - Educated and lower educated people
Diaphasic or stylistic variation (across situation) - In different communicative settings, different levels of style/register are used and in different social groups (according to age, sex, profession ...) - Youth language, hunters' languag
e
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Certainly our language now used varies from that which was used and spoken when I was born. For we Englishmen are born under the domination of the moon, which is never steadfast but ever wavering, waxing one season, and wanes and decreases another season (William Caxton (1422-1491)
The text above is an example of:
		
	
	a) Diaphasic or stylistic variation
	
	b) Diastratic variation
	 
	e) Diachronic variation
	
	d) Diamesic variation
	
	c) Diatopic variation
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:14:08
	
Explicação:
Throughout its history English has not only borrowed words from other languages but has re-combined and recycled them to create new meanings, whilst losing some old words. Dictionary-writers try to keep track of the changes in languages by recording (and, ideally, dating) the appearance in a language of new words, or of new usages for existing words. By the same token, they may tag some words as "archaic" or "obsolete".
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the best alternative: There are times when you must decide and take the bull by the horns.
		
	 
	(b) make a bold decision
	
	(c) make the wrong decision
	
	(e) make a coward decision
	
	(a) make the right decision
	
	(d) make a final decision
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:06:52
	
Explicação:
To take the bull by the horns = to make a bold decision.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	A ___________ variation refers to variants in user¿s variation. It depends on social factors.
		
	
	d) Diamesic variation
	
	e) Diachronic variation
	
	c) Diatopic variation
	 
	b) Diastratic variation
	
	a) Diaphasic or stylistic variation
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:05:12
	
Explicação:
The appropriate form of language may also change during the course of a communicative event as the relationship between speakers¿ changes, or different social facts become relevant. Speakers may shift styles as their perception of an event in progress changes. Settings may be defined in terms of greater or lesser formality, or in terms of socially recognized events, such as baby talk, which is used in many western cultures when talking to small children, or a joking register used in teasing or playing the dozens. There are also registers associated with particular professions or interest groups; jargon refers specifically to the vocabulary associated with such registers.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the translation is wrong?
		
	
	a) Red neck - Camponês, moralista
	 
	c)Ambulance chaser - pessoa que vive doente
	
	e)A queer fish - Tipo esquisito
	
	d)Pillow talk ¿ Conversa de travesseiro
	
	b)Armchair job - Emprego fácil
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:09:12
	
Explicação:
Ambulance chaser =advogado de porta de cadeia.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the best alternative: I think we can safely say now that we have got our money back, we are home and dry.
 
		
	
	(d) have got home dry
	
	(e) have got home safe
	 
	(b) have been successful
	
	(a) have not got wet
	
	(c) have got no water
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:11:47
	
Explicação:
We are home and dry = we have been successful.
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A9__V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative there is a WRONG concept?
		
	
	Homographs are words with different sound and same spelling.
	
	Homophones are words with the same sound and different spelling.
	 
	Polysemes are words with the same spelling, the same pronunciation, same meanings and with the same origin.
	
	Capitonyms are words that share the same spelling but have different meanings when capitalized (and may or may not have different pronunciations).
	
	Homonyms are words with the same spelling, the same pronunciation, different meanings and unrelated in origin.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:45:53
	
Explicação:
POLYSEME = same sound, same spelling, different meaning
The word polysemes comes from the Greek roots poly meaning ¿many¿ and seme meaning ¿meaning.¿ Thus, polyseme refers to a multiple meaning word. Polysemy is the state of being a word with multiple meanings. The word polysemes may not be used much, but there are many, many English words with multiple meanings, and this makes it a topic worth knowing about.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Here are examples of pairs of connotations that describe the same thing or situation. The first has a negative connotation and the second is positive. In which alternative it doesn¿t happen?
		
	
	Bum - Homeless
	
	Cocky - Confident
	
	Cowardly - Prudent
	 
	Disabled - Crippled
	
	Childish - Childlike
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:42:53
	
Explicação:
'Disabled' and 'crippled' are both negative.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative there is an example of true homonym?
		
	
	row (to argue or an argument) and row (as in to row a boat or a row of seats - a pair of homophones).
	
	bow (the front of a ship) and bow (a type of knot).
	 
	rose (flower) and rose (past tense of rise).
	
	read (peruse) and reed (watersideplant)
	
	to, too, two
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:45:42
	
Explicação:
HOMONYM - the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings.
· rose (flower) and rose (past tense of rise).
· stalk (part of a plant) and stalk (follow/harass a person)
· left (past tense of leave) and left (opposite of right).
· bark (the sound of a dog) and bark (the skin of a tree)
	· 
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Consider the sentences below and find the MOST POSITIVE CONNOTATION for the words underlined:
I. Sometimes my thin friend annoys me.
II. I recognized the familiar smell of my roommate's cooking.
III. Scrapple is an inexpensive meal.
IV. Kevin's interest in model cars has turned into a hobby.
V. Uncle Henry lives in a hut deep in the woods.
		
	
	d) scrawny - aroma - thrifty - avocation - cabin
	
	a) slim - stench - thrifty - obsession - cabin
	 
	c) slim - aroma - thrifty - avocation - cabin
	
	e) scrawny - stench - cheap - obsession - cabin
	
	b) slim - aroma - cheap - avocation - shack
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:45:19
	
Explicação:
I. Sometimes my thin friend annoys me. = slim
II. I recognized the familiar smell of my roommate's cooking. = aroma
III. Scrapple is an inexpensive meal. = thrifty
IV. Kevin's interest in model cars has turned into a hobby. = avocation
V. Uncle Henry lives in a hut deep in the woods. = cabin
		Exercício: CEL1637_EX_A10_V1 
	15/04/2020
	Aluno(a): MARCELO 
	2020.1 EAD
	Disciplina: CEL1637 - LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	'Silly sally sang a silly summer song.'
 What type of figurative language is this sentence?
		
	
	C) hyperbole
	
	D) antithesis
	
	E) irony
	
	A) onomatopoeia
	 
	B) alliteration
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:54:09
	
Explicação:
Alliteration is the duplication of a specific consonant sound at the start of each word and in quick succession. Although alliterations are all about consonant sounds, exceptions can be made, when vowels sounds are also repeated. The sound of 's'.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the figure of speech in the sentence: 'To err is human, to forgive divine.'?
		
	
	irony
	
	pleonasm
	
	pun
	
	metaphor
	 
	antithesis
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:52:07
	
Explicação:
To err and to forgive are antithesis.
An antithesis is a figure of speech where two very opposing lines of thought or ideas are placed in a somewhat balanced sentenced.
A pun is a form of word play which suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. Puns are used to create humor and sometimes require a large vocabulary to understand. Puns have long been used by comedy writers, such as William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, and George Carlin.
Irony is used to stress on the opposite meaning of a word. When people are looking to be sarcastic, they employ irony.
A metaphor is a figure of speech that says that one thing is another different thing. This allows us to use fewer words and forces the reader or listener to find the similarities. 
Pleonasm is the use of superfluous or redundant words. 
 
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the figure of speech in the sentence: 'Necessity is the mother of invention.'?
		
	
	metonymy
	
	climax
	 
	personification
	
	hyperbole
	
	synecdoche
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:55:48
	
Explicação:
Personification gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or ideas. This can really affect the way the reader imagines things. This is used in children¿s books, poetry, and fictional literature.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the best figure of speech:
'Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do. Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.' (Mark Twain)
		
	
	(b) pun
	
	(c) apostrophe
	
	(e) zeugma
	
	(a) anaphora
	 
	(d) antithesis
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:55:25
	
Explicação:
An antithesis is a figure of speech where two very opposing lines of thought or ideas are placed in a somewhat balanced sentenced.
Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do. Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.' 
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	'Her head was so full of ideas that it was ready to burst wide open.'
 What type of figurative language is used in this sentence?
		
	
	C) alliteration
	
	E) assonance
	
	A) metaphor
	
	D) personification
	 
	B) hyperbole
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:54:03
	
Explicação:
Hyperbole = An exaggeration that is so dramatic that no one would believe the statement is true.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	 
Choose the best figure of speech:
O Western wind, when wilt thou blow
That the small rain down can rain?
Christ, that my love were in my arms,
And I in my bed again!(Anonymous, 'O Western Wind')
		
	
	(d) anaphora
	 
	(c) apostrophe
	
	(a) pleonasm
	
	(b) antithesis
	
	(e) irony
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:51:31
	
Explicação:
Apostrophe = A figure of speech in which some absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed as if present and capable of understanding. = O Western wind.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Consider the sentence: 'Christianity shone like a beacon in the black night of paganism.' What figure of speech is "Christianity shone like a beacon"?
		
	
	metaphor
	
	hyperbole
	
	irony
	 
	simile
	
	climax
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:54:55
	
Explicação:
A simile is a figure of speech that says that one thing is like another different thing. We can use similes to make descriptions more emphatic or vivid. We often use the words as...as and like with similes.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The phrases 'the humming bee', 'the cackling hen', and 'the buzzing saw' are examples of ________________.
		
	
	irony
	
	pun
	
	metaphor
	
	antithesis
	 
	onomatopoeia
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 17:52:53
	
Explicação:
Onomatopoeia is the use of words that sound like their meaning, or mimic sounds. It is used to replicate sounds created by objects, actions, animals and people.
· "Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff. Ding-dong, ding-dong. The little train rumbled over the tracks."
("Watty Piper" [Arnold Munk], The Little Engine That Could)
· "Brrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinng! An alarm clock clanged in the dark and silent room."(Richard Wright, Native Son, 1940)