Testes de conhecimento - aula 1 a 10 LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II

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LÍNGUA INGLESA - ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AULA 1 – PREPOSIÇÕES E SINTAGMA PREPOSICIONAL (REVISÃO...
1. Choose the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks: She ran ______ the corridor and ______ the stairs to the second floor.
		towards / over
		by / on
		from / into
		in / next to
Certo 		along / up
Explicação: She ran ______ (ALONG - AO LONGO DE)the corridor and ______ (UP - ESCADA ACIMA) the stairs to the second floor.
 	
2.Choose the correct alternative to complete the spaces: He took the book ______ the shelf and put it ______ his bag.
		beside / next to
		in / next to
		by / on
		at / into
Certo 		from / into
Explicação: He took the from from (de - origem) the shelf and put it in his bag (dentro) 
3.Choose the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks: It's unlucky to walk ______ a ladder in my culture. I always walk ______ them.
Certo 		under / around
		out of / into
		out of / in
		through / in
		up / along
Explicação:It's unlucky to walk ______ (UNDER - SOB) a ladder in my culture. I always walk ______ (AROUND - AO REDOR) them.
4.In which alterative there is an example of postposition?
	Until
	Upon
	For
	Since
Certo 	Ago
Explicação:POSTPOSITION - A postposition follows its complement to form a postpositional phrase.
Ago as in "five years ago", (sometimes considered an adverb rather than a postposition)
5.Which alternative correctly fits the following situation: He was driving ______ 180 miles per hour when he crashed ______ the central barrier.
Certo 		at / into
		in / next to
		under / around
		out of / in
		at / in
Explicação:FIXED PREPOSITION:
He was driving ______ (AT) 180 miles per hour when he crashed ______ (INTO) the central barrier.
 	
6.In which alternative the preposition is correctly classified according to its meaning?
	Try some of this sauce with your meat. (accompaniment)
	Coffee is sold by the pound, but ribbon is sold by the yard (measure)
	He got a job as an elevator operator. (in the capacity of)
	I need to go to the store for a loaf of bread. (purpose)
Certo 	This material feels like silk. (material)
Explicação:Like = comparison. (similarity)
 	
7.Choose the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks: To get to the Marketing department, you have to go ______ those stairs and then ______ the corridor to the end.
		out of / between
Certo 		up / along
		over / into
		out of / into
		between / into
Explicação:To get to the Marketing department, you have to go ______ (UP - SUBIR) those stairs and then ______ (ALONG - AO LONGO DE) the corridor to the end.
8.
Choose the alternative that correctly fits the following situation: Look, that car's ______ fire.
		in
		through
Certo 		on
		with
		into
Explicação:
Expressão fixa:
on fire: pegando fogo.
AULA 2 – PHRASAL VERBS
1.Which alternative presents a separable phrasal verb?
	They splashed out on new office furniture.
	We set off for the beach
	He scraped by on only $800 a month for two years.
Certo 	He paid back the debt.
	My car broke down
Explicação:
SEPARABLE PHRASAL verbs can remain together or not when using an object that is a noun or noun phrase. The object can come before or after the particle.
 He paid back the debt. OR He paid the debt back.
 She looked up the word in her dictionary. OR She looked the word up in her dictionary.
 I picked up the book. OR I picked the book up.
 He turned down my offer OR He turned my offer down.
Separable phrasal verbs MUST be separated when a pronoun is used:
 We ran it up by $50,000. (NOT We ran up it by $50,000)
 They bailed him out of the situation.(NOT They bailed out of the situation him)
 Frank paid it all back by the end of the month. (NOT Frank paid it all back by the end of the month)
2.Complete: "At Ronnie's party everyone talked about Jon's strange ______. He wore a tank top with a tie, and shorts with holes in the shape of hearts in them."
		get over
		get up
Certo 		getup
		get on with
		get out
Explicação:
 get over = SUPERAR
 get up = LEVANTAR
 get on with = DAR-SE COM
 getup = noun Informal - An outfit or costume.
 get out = SAIR
3.Which sentence is incorrect?
		Why don't you switch the music over while you wait?
		Can you go to the store before we run out of milk.
Certo 		We will have to wait the bus for at the corner.
		Melissa is going to look after the children.
		I have to put the baby down while I sweep the floor.
Explicação:
We will have to wait the bus for at the corner. = WE WILL HAVE TO WAIT FOR THE BUS AT THE CORNER = THE PHRASAL VERB IS INSEPARABLE.
4.Which alternative presents a transitive phrasal verb?
	The thieves got away.
Certo 	I made up an excuse.
	She got up early.
	My car broke down.
	We set off for the beach.
Explicação:
A transitive verb always has an object.
I made up an excuse. ('Excuse' is the object of the verb.)
5.In which alternative there is a "Verb + preposition¿ (prepositional phrasal verbs)?
		Who can put up with that?
Certo 		Who is looking after the kids?
		She is looking forward to a rest.
		You should think it over.
		They brought that up twice.
Explicação:
Verb + particle (adverb) (particle phrasal verbs)
a. They brought that up twice. ¿ up is a particle, not a preposition.
b. You should think it over. ¿ over is a particle, not a preposition.
c. Why does he always dress down? ¿ down is a particle, not a preposition.
 Verb + preposition (prepositional phrasal verbs)
a. Who is looking after the kids? ¿ after is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase after the kids.
b. They pick on Joseph. ¿ on is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase on Joseph.
c. I ran into an old friend. ¿ into is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase into an old friend.
 
Verb + particle (adverb) + preposition (particle-prepositional phrasal verbs)
a. Who can put up with that? ¿ up is a particle and with is a preposition.
b. She is looking forward to a rest. ¿ forward is a particle and to is a preposition.
c. The other tanks were bearing down on my panther. ¿ down is a particle and on is a preposition.
6. In which alternative the phrasal verb is separable?
Certo 		b) The senator backed up the President's economic plan.
		c) Airplane passengers should allow for delays at the check-in counter.
		e) He wants to apply for the job.
		d) My mom doesn't approve of me arriving home after midnight.
		a) The clerk will attend to your problem as soon as she is free.
Explicação:
SEPARABLE PHRASAL verbs can remain together or not when using an object that is a noun or noun phrase. The object can come before or after the particle.
 He paid back the debt. OR He paid the debt back.
 She looked up the word in her dictionary. OR She looked the word up in her dictionary.
 I picked up the book. OR I picked the book up.
 He turned down my offer OR He turned my offer down.
 
Separable phrasal verbs MUST be separated when a pronoun is used:
 We ran it up by $50,000. (NOT We ran up it by $50,000)
 They bailed him out of the situation.(NOT They bailed out of the situation him)
 Frank paid it all back by the end of the month. (NOT Frank paid it all back by the end of the month)
7.Which phrasal verb complete the sentence? "They are going to _____________ the old bank and build some flats there instead."
		Call off
		Shut away
		Carry out
Certo 		Knock down
		Read out
Explicação:
knock down (to bring to the floor)
 call off (postpone) 
read out to read (something) aloud.
shut away (place in a place where something cannot be removed or someone cannot escape)
carry out (to put into practice or effect)
 
8.Which alternative presents an inseparable phrasal verb?
	He paid back the debt.
	I picked up the book.
Certo 	He scraped by on only $800 a month for two years..
	He turned down my offer.
	She looked up the word in her dictionary.
Explicação:
INSEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS always remain together. It makes no difference if a noun or pronoun is used.
He scraped by on only $800 a month for two years. NOT He scrapedit by for two years.
AULA 3 – A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRAS...
1.In which alternative the meaning of the phrasal verb is incorrect?
	go over = review
	run across = find by chance
	run into = meet by chance
Certo 	take after = serve 
	look into = investigate
Explicação:
take after = resemble
2.In which alternative the meaning of the phrasal verb is correct?
	Call on = telephone
	Cheat on = to call bad names
	Go into = visit
Certo 	Get over = recover from sickness or disappointment
	Go through = be sexually unfaithful
Explicação:
call on = visit, ask to recite in class
cheat on =be sexually unfaithful
get over =recover from sickness or disappointment
go into - enter
go through = undergo, examine
3.In which alternative is the phrasal verb a prepositional phrasal verb?
		e) I hope he doesn't back out of the deal.
		a) Break up the chocolate in small pieces.
		b) Economic problems brought about the devaluation of the Brazilian real.
		d) He'll probably fail; he's not up to the challenge.
Certo 		c) Mary's husband has been cheating on her.
Explicação:
Verb + particle (particle phrasal verbs)
 You should not give in so quickly. ¿ in is a particle, not a preposition.
 Where do they want to hang out? ¿ out is a particle, not a preposition.
 She handed it in. ¿ in is a particle, not a preposition.
 Verb + preposition (prepositional phrasal verbs)
 She takes after her mother. ¿ after is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase after her mother.
 Sam passes for a linguist. ¿ for is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase for a linguist.
 You should stand by your friend. ¿ by is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase by your friend.
Verb + particle + preposition (particle-prepositional phrasal verbs)
d. They were really teeing off on me. ¿ off is a particle and on is a preposition.
e. We loaded up on Mountain Dew and chips. ¿ up is a particle and on is a preposition
f. Susan has been sitting in for me. ¿ in is a particle and for is a preposition
4.What is the meaning of the phrasal verb ¿to look up¿ in the sentence: "My friend Janet had always LOOKED UP TO her boss."
		became unfriendly with
		communicated with
		confronted
Certo 		respected
		tolerated
Explicação:
Look up to someone = to admire and respect someone
He¿s a role model for other players to look up to.
5.In which alternative there is a preposition and not a particle?
		We finally lived down that accident.
Certo 		We ran up the hill.
		She turned up her nose.
		He came by his fortune honestly.
		Four armed men held up the bank
Explicação:
A particle along with a verb in a phrasal verb forms a single semantic unit. A particle combined with a verb produces a new meaning different from the verb's meaning by itself. Prepositions do not change the meanings of their proceeding verbs and are independent of them.
WE RAN UP THE HILL - IT DOES NOT CHANGE THE MEANING OF THE VERB.
	 	
6.In which alternative there is a particle phrasal verb?
		a) The job calls for English fluency.
		e) I sometimes call on my friends for help with problems.
Certo 		d) I decided to follow up.
		b) They¿re not willing to put up with it anymore.
		c) We put an alarm in our house after a thief broke into it last year.
Explicação:
Verb + particle (particle phrasal verbs)
 You should not give in so quickly. ¿ in is a particle, not a preposition.
 Where do they want to hang out? ¿ out is a particle, not a preposition.
 She handed it in. ¿ in is a particle, not a preposition.
Verb + preposition (prepositional phrasal verbs)
 She takes after her mother. ¿ after is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase after her mother.
 Sam passes for a linguist. ¿ for is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase for a linguist.
 You should stand by your friend. ¿ by is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase by your friend.
 Verb + particle + preposition (particle-prepositional phrasal verbs)
d. They were really teeing off on me. ¿ off is a particle and on is a preposition.
e. We loaded up on Mountain Dew and chips. ¿ up is a particle and on is a preposition
f. Susan has been sitting in for me. ¿ in is a particle and for is a preposition
	
7.In which alternative the particle phrasal verb is intransitive?
		break in
		call off
		call up
Certo 		come back
		bring forward
Explicação:
BREAK IN = To cause to separate into pieces suddenly or violently; smash. To divide into pieces, as by bending or cutting: break crackers for a baby.
To separate into components or parts: broke the work into discrete tasks. To snap off or detach: broke a twig from the tree.
BRING FORWARD = antecipate
CALL OFF = CANCEL
CALL UP = TELEPHONE
COME BACK = RETURN = INTRANSITIVE
8.Which particle-prepositional phrasal verb means "to make an end of, to eliminate"?
	Look forward to
	Look down on
Certo 	Do away with
	Put up with
	Get away with
Explicação:
 GET AWAY WITH (to do something dangerous or illegal without getting hurt or caught. Notice how the action itself and its lack of bad consequences are merged here): Tom said, ¿Rich people like Harry think they can get away with anything (direct object).¿ (transitive)
 DO AWAY WITH (To make an end of; eliminate): Most of Harry¿s friends feel that corporate income tax should be done away with competition (direct object). (transitive)
 LOOK FORWARD TO (this verb combines the ideas of (1) thinking about some future event, (2) habitually, or at least frequently and, (3) with pleasure.): Harry is looking forward to having lunch with Jane (direct object). (transitive)
 PUT UP WITH (tolerate): Sarah sometimes feels she can¿t put up with Harry¿s behavior (direct object) any longer. (transitive)
 LOOK DOWN ON (to have a negative or ¿low,¿ opinion of something or somebody because you think you are ¿above¿ them or it; (wealthier, more intelligent, better educated etc.): Jane¿s mother had tried to teach her never to look down on poor or ignorant people (direct object). (transitive)
AULA 4 –A INVERSÃO. CASOS GERAIS.
1.Complete the sentence: The boss didn¿t know what to do, _____ the rest of us.
		a) so did
Certo 		d) nor did
		c) neither
		e) so didn¿t
		b) either
Explicação:
When "so", "neither" and "nor" are used to make short agreements they are followed by an inversion.
 "I am not into hip hop.""Neither am I." (Or: "Nor am I.")
 "I am fond of flamenco dancing.""So am I."
 
We use inversion after neither or nor when these words begin a clause to introduce a negative addition to a previous negative clause or sentence:
 For some time after the explosion Jack couldn¿t hear, and neither could he see.
 The council never wanted the new supermarket to be built, not did local residents.
2.Change the regular sentence into one with inversion. "John had never been to such a fantastic restaurant."
Certo 		Never had John been to such a fantastic restaurant.
		Never John had been to such a fantastic restaurant.
		Never have John been to such a fantastic restaurant.
		Never has John been to such a fantastic restaurant.
		Never John has been to such a fantastic restaurant.
Explicação:
FREQUENCY (WITH NEVER, HARDLY EVER, RARELY,SELDOM, NO SOONER)
When a story is told in the past tense, the adverbials hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are often used to emphasise that one event quickly followed another. The verb describing the earlier event is usually in the past perfect tense. If hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are in the initial position, the subject and auxiliary are inverted:
 I had never seen so many people in one room. (= normal word order)
 Never had I seen so many people in one room. (= inversion)
3.In which alternative the inversion is WRONG?
		Such was their excitement that they began to jump up and down.
Certo 		Only after you have finished your homework you can play.
		Only if everybody agreed would I accept thisposition.
		Only in this way does this machine work.
		So quickly did he run that the others couldn't catch up with him.
Explicação:
 Only after you have finished your homework can you play. (You can only play after you have finished your homework.)
4.Complete the sentence: ___ you see Frank at the conference, give him my regards
Certo 		a) Should
		e) Have to
		d) Could
		c) Might
		b) Would
Explicação:
Sometimes conditional forms are inverted as a means of sounding more formal. In this case, the conditional 'if' is dropped and the inverted forms takes the place of the 'if clause'.
¿ CONDITIONAL TYPE 1
In formal contexts we can omit if or other conditional words and start the sentence with should:
 Should you change your mind, please let me know.
5.What would be the correct inversion of: "The wind was so strong that we couldn't open the window."
Certo 		So strong was the wind that we couldn't open the window.
		We couldn't open the window so strong the wind was.
		The wind so strong was that we couldn't open the window.
		So strong the wind was that we couldn¿t open the window.
		So the wind was strong that we couldn't open the window
Explicação:
When "so", "neither" and "nor" are used to make short agreements they are followed by an inversion.
 "I am not into hip hop.""Neither am I." (Or: "Nor am I.")
 "I am fond of flamenco dancing.""So am I."
6.Choose the best inversion structure to complete the sentence. "Had ________the truth, he wouldn't have invited them."
		known he
Certo 		he known
		Did he known
		He did known
		Knew he
Explicação:
CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
We use an Unreal Past Perfect in the if-clause when we are thinking about how things might have been different. In the conditional sentence we can omit if or other conditional words and start with Had:
 Had I believed her for one moment, I wouldn¿t have refused to help.
 Had you told me earlier, I would/could/might have done something about it.
7.In which alternative the sentence structure is incorrect?
	Rarely has there been so much speculation about the future of the company. (There has rarely been so much speculation about the future of the company.)
	Never have I been so taken aback.
	Hardly had I arrived home when my phone rang. (I had hardly arrived home when my phone rang.)
Certo 	Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack. (They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.) 
	Seldom has he seen anything stranger.
Explicação:
The adverbials hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are often used to emphasise that one event quickly followed another. The verb describing the earlier event is usually in the past perfect tense. If hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are in the initial position, the subject and auxiliary are inverted.
8.Complete: Can you give me a pen, please? Sure. ___________.
		Here is it.
Certo 		Here it is.
		Is it here.
		It is here.
		Here it's.
Explicação:
PATTERN:
HERE (THERE ) + VERB + NOUN = HERE COMES THE BRIDE.
OR
HERE (THERE) + PRONOUN + VERB = HERE SHE COMES.
AULA 5 –AS RELAÇÕES SINTÁTICAS. FRASE E ORAÇÃO. TIPOS...
1.Identify the sentence pattern in the following example:"She told me to shut up."
Certo 	Subject / Verb / Object / Object
	Subject / Verb / Adjective
	Subject / Verb / Object
	Subject / Verb / Complement
	Subject / Verb / Object / Object complement
Explicação:
[She] Subject
[told] Verb
[me] Indirect Object
[to shut up] Direct Object
 	
2.Identify the sentence pattern in the following example:
"She has bought a nice suit for her husband."
		Subject / Verb / Object / Object complement
Certo 		Subject / Verb / Object / Object
		Subject / Verb / Complement
		Subject / Verb / Object / Verb
		Subject / Verb / Adjective
Explicação:
[She] Subject
[has bought] Verb
[a nice suit] Object
[for her husband.] Object
3.Identify the sentence pattern in the following example:"I can't approve of your behavior."
		Subject / Verb / Object / Verb
		Subject / Verb / Object / Object complement
		Subject / Verb / Object / Object
Certo 		Subject / Verb / Object
		Subject / Verb / Adjective
Explicação: [I] Subject [can't approve of] Verb [your behavior.] Object
4.What type of question is it?
Ilsa: This morning you implied that it was not safe for him to leave Casablanca.
Strasser: That is also true, except for one destination, to return to occupied France.
Ilsa: Occupied France?
Strasser: Uh huh. Under a safe conduct from me.
		alternative question
		funelling question
Certo 		Echo question
		divergent question
		 convergent question
Explicação:
A type of direct question that repeats part or all of something which someone else has just said.
Telemachus: We're waiting for Odysseus to come home.
Antinuous: You're waiting for who to do what? (Albert Ramsdell Gurney, The Comeback, 1993)
Mary: What do you want?
George Bailey: What do I want? Why, I'm just here to get warm, that's all! (It's a Wonderful Life, 1946)
"I used to play checkers with her all the time."
"You used to play what with her all the time?"
"Checkers."(Holden Caulfield and Stradlater in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, 1951)
 
5.Select the type of sentence: "Dou you have some coffee?"
		Exclamatory
		None of the above
Certo 		Interrogative
		Assertive or Declarative
		Imperative
Explicação:
An assertive or declarative sentence is a sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert, or declare something.
 Tomorrow I will do it.
 She did not want to go to the movies with me.
An Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks a question.
 What do you think I should wear the pink shoes or the white sneakers?
 What happened to you yesterday?
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses sudden and strong feelings, such as surprise, wonder, pity, sympathy, happiness, or gratitude.
 I cannot wait to be a grown-up!
 We beat that other team good!
An imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command, makes a request, or express a wish.
 Do the dishes. (an order)
 Please do me this favor. (a request)
 Have a good time in Moscow. (a wish)
6.. Complete the embedded question: "I have no idea ____."
Certo 		where she is
 where does she is
		where is she
		where she's
		where does she
Explicação:
Embedded question is a question included in another question or statement. Embedded questions feel less abrupt, and so have a softening effect. For example, compare the following:
A: What time is it? (simple question)
B: Sorry. I don't know the time. (simple statement)
 
A: Do you know what time it is? (embedded question in a question)
B: Sorry. I don't know what time it is. (embedded question in a statement)
Embedded questions are a little more formal and polite. We use them when talking to a person we don¿t know very well, or in professional situations, and their form is a little different.
 
 In embedded questions with is/are, the verb (is) comes after the subject (Market Street).
Direct: Where is Market Street?
Embedded: Could you tell me where Market Street is?
 	
7.What type of question is it?
What do you think of this issue? Do you agree with it, and if not, why, and what other issues would you see as being relevant to this specific case?
	Funneling question
	Alternative question
Certo 	Multiple question
	Probing question
	Embedded question
Explicação:
Multiple Questions - These questions have two or more distinct parts, each requiring an answer:
8.Select the type of sentence: "Enjoy yourself"
		Exclamatory
Certo 		Imperative
		 Assertive or Declarative
Interrogative
		None of the above
Explicação:
An assertive or declarative sentence is a sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert, or declare something.
 Tomorrow I will do it.
 She did not want to go to the movies with me.
An Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks a question.
 What do you think I should wear the pink shoes or thewhite sneakers?
 What happened to you yesterday?
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses sudden and strong feelings, such as surprise, wonder, pity, sympathy, happiness, or gratitude.
 I cannot wait to be a grown-up!
 We beat that other team good!
An imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command, makes a request, or express a wish.
 Do the dishes. (an order)
 Please do me this favor. (a request)
 Have a good time in Moscow. (a wish)
AULA 6 – TIPOS DE FRASES SINTÁTICAS. FRASES PROBLEMÁTI...
1.
	
What is the problem with the following sentence: "The lack of rainfall has caused a severe water shortage, so people have to conserve water every day, and they also have to think of new ways to reuse water, but the situation is improving."
		A choppy sentence
Certo 		A sprawl sentence
		A run-on sentence
		A sentence fragment
		Non-parallel structures
Explicação:
A SPRAWL SENTENCE is a sentence made up of many clauses with excessive subordination and coordination.
INCORRECT: The lack of rainfall has caused a severe water shortage, so people have to conserve water every day, and they also have to think of new ways to reuse water, but the situation is improving.
CORRECT: The lack of rainfall has caused a severe water shortage. Although the situation is improving, people have to conserve water every day, and think of new ways to reuse water.
 	
2.
	
Pauline and Bruno have a big argument every summer over where they should spend their summer vacation.
Certo 		Complex Sentence
		Simple Sentence
		Compound Sentence
		Simple-Compound sentence
		Compound-Complex Sentence
Explicação:
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
 When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
 The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
 The students are studying, because they have a test tomorrow.
 After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
 	
3.
	
Pauline loves to go to the beach and spend her days sunbathing.
		Simple Sentence
		Complex Sentence
		Compound-Complex Sentence
		Simple-Compound sentence
Certo 		Compound Sentence
Explicação:
COMPOUND SENTENCE
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by
a) A comma followed by a coordinating conjunction: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.)
 The dog barked, and the cat yowled.
 Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
 Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.
 
b) A semicolon:
 The dog barked; the cat yowled.
 
c) A comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences are being treated as items in a series:
 The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit chewed.
	Gabarito
Comentado 	
	
 	
4.What kind of sentence is "The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error."
		Compound Sentence
		Simple Sentence
		Compound-Complex Sentence
None of them
Certo 		Complex Sentence 
Explicação:
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
 	
5.
	
In which alternative there is the correct form of: "The experiment failed it had been left unobserved for too long."
Certo 		The experiment failed; it had been left unobserved for too long.
		The experiment failed; it had been left unobserved, for too long.
		The experiment failed it had been left unobserved, for too long.
		The experiment failed, it had been left, unobserved, for too long.
		The experiment failed, it had been left unobserved, for too long.
Explicação:
A RUN-ON SENTENCE is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are written one after another with no punctuation (fused sentences) or with incorrect punctuation (comma splice).
INCORRECT: The experiment failed, it had been left unobserved for too long. (COMMA SPLICE)
CORRECT: The experiment failed; it had been left unobserved for too long.
CORRECT: The experiment failed because it had been left unobserved for too long.
 	
6.
	
In which alternative the sentence is correctly punctuated?
		The grocery store was really packed with people, there must have been a big sale today.
		A newly arrived international student faces many problems; for example he has to cope with a new culture.
Certo 		Because the grocery store was really packed with people, there must have been a big sale.
		John is a musician, he plays the guitar for a living.
		A newly arrived international student faces many problems, for example, he has to cope with a new culture.
Explicação:
 
A newly arrived international student faces many problems, (;) for example, he has to cope with a new culture.
The grocery store was really packed with people, (;) (so,) there must have been a big sale today.
A newly arrived international student faces many problems; for example(,) he has to cope with a new culture.
John is a musician, (;) he plays the guitar for a living.
	 	
7.
	
What is the problem with the following sentence: ¿The grocery store was really packed with people there must have been a big sale today¿.
		A rumbling sentence
		A sentence fragment
		A choppy sentence
		Non-parallel structures
Certo 		A run-on sentence 
Explicação:
A run-on sentence is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are written one after another with no punctuation (fused sentences) or with incorrect punctuation (comma splice).
 	
8.
	
In which alternative there is an example of complex-compound sentence?
		The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit chewed.
		The students are studying, because they have a test tomorrow.
Certo 		We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.
		When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
		Some students like to study in the mornings.
Explicação:
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
 When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
 The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
 The students are studying, because they have a test tomorrow.
 After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
AULA 7 – SINTAXE: COORDENAÇÃO E SUBORDINAÇÃO: COMPARAÇ...
 	
1.
	
In which sentence the parallelism is correct?
		She has learned to stand tall, holding her head steady and establishing a rhythm with the dribble, all of which goes toward steadying herself before shooting.
		Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
		The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation was low.
Certo 		The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, not eat too much, and do some warm-up exercises before the game.
		My objections are, first, the injustice of the measure; second, that it is unconstitutional.
Explicação:
 
She has learned to stand tall, holding her head steady and establishing a rhythm with the dribble, all of which goes toward steadying herself before shooting. = She has learned to stand tall, hold her head steady, establish a rhythm with the dribble, and steady herself before shooting.
My objections are, first, the injustice of the measure; second, that it is unconstitutional. = My objections are, first, that the measure is unjust; second, that it is unconstitutional.
Mary likes hiking, swimming,and to ride a bicycle. = Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle.
Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.(Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.)
he teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation was low. = The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and lacked motivation.​​​​​​​
 
 	
2.
	
In which alternative the sentence is analyzed correctly?
Certo 		"My throat felt parched and I ASKED FOR A LARGE GLASS OF BEER." (Emma Goldman, "On the Street," 1931) - independent.
		"WHO EVER HEARD OF A NAKED GHOST?" (Ambrose Bierce, "The Clothing of Ghosts," 1902) - dependent.
		"THE SUMMER HAS BEEN SPLENDID, but it has lasted long enough." (A.A. Milne, "A Word for Autumn," 1919) - dependent.
		"All animals are equal, BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS." (George Orwell, Animal Farm) - dependent.
		 "I was more independent than any farmer in Concord, FOR I WAS NOT ANCHORED TO A HOUSE OR FARM, but could follow the bent of my genius, which is a very crooked one, every moment."(Henry David Thoreau) - dependent.
Explicação:
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE - It uses coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs (with appropriate punctuation), or punctuation to combine short independent clauses into a single sentence. Coordination implies the balance of elements that are of equal semantic value in the sentence. (the coordination conjunctions are and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so)
 The football game has been postponed. We'll have to do something else.
 The football game has been postponed (independent clause); we'll have to do something else (independent clause). - The semicolon is used for coordination.
 The football game has been postponed (independent clause), so we'll have to do something else (independent clause). ¿ SO is the coordinating conjunction.
DEPENDENT CLAUSE - It uses subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns to transform independent clauses (main clauses or ideas) into dependent clauses (subordinate clauses or ideas). Subordinate clauses are subordinate to (and thus hold less semantic value than) the independent clause(s) to which they are linked.
 The football game has been postponed. We will have to do something else.
 Because (subordinating conjunction) the football game has been postponed (dependent clause), we will have to do something else (independent clause)
 	
3.
	
Having in mind that words, phrases or clauses joined by coordinate conjunctions should have the same grammatical form, i.e., parallelism, decide which sentence below lacks parallelism.
		She likes to hike, to swim and to ride a bike.
		They are either at their home country or at the beach.
Certo 		He spends his summer weekends either playing tennis or at the beach.
		I'd rather pay for my education than receive financial aid.
		My dog not only likes to play fetch but also likes to chase cars.
Explicação: A opção B, para conter formas sintaticamente paralelas, teria que ser: "He spends his summer weekends either playing tennis or lying at the beach." Depois das formas coordenadas, há a necessidade de coincidir as estruturas sintáticas.
 	
4.
	
In which sentence the parallelism is correct?
		A time not for words, but action.
		The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese.
		It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.
Certo 		In the morning he gets dressed, eats breakfast, brushes his teeth, and then kisses his mother goodbye.
		In spring, summer, or in winter.
Explicação:
 
The French, the Italians, Spanish, and (the) Portuguese.
In spring, summer, or in winter.
It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.- The ceremony was both long and tedious.
A time not for words, but (for) action
 
5.In which alternative the dependent clause is correctly identified?
		"Rain fell on the backs of the sheep as they grazed in the meadow. When the sheep tired of standing in the rain, they walked slowly up the lane and into the fold."(E.B. White, Charlotte's Web. Harper & Brothers, 1952)
		At a place in the valley not far from here, where the echoes used to gather and the winds came to rest, there is a great stone fortress, and in it lives the Soundkeeper, who rules this land."(Norton Juster, The Phantom Tollbooth. Random House, 1961)
Certo 		"After he had sailed long enough, Harold made land without much trouble."(Crockett Johnson, Harold and the Purple Crayon. Harper & Brothers, 1955)
There was a person called Nana who ruled the nursery." (Margery Williams, The Velveteen Rabbit, 1922)
		"On foggy mornings, Charlotte's web was truly a thing of beauty. This morning each thin strand was decorated with dozens of tiny beads of water. The web glistened in the light and made a pattern of loveliness and mystery, like a delicate veil. Even Lurvy, who wasn't particularly interested in beauty, noticed the web when he came with the pig's breakfast."(E.B. White, Charlotte's Web. Harper & Brothers, 1952)
Explicação:
Dependent clause - It uses subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns to transform independent clauses (main clauses or ideas) into dependent clauses (subordinate clauses or ideas). Subordinate clauses are subordinate to (and thus hold less semantic value than) the independent clause(s) to which they are linked.
 	
6.
	
In which alternative the construction is parallel?
		Sarah is a CEO and proud of her job.
		They are leaving due to the weather and because they want to save money.
		Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
Certo 		Is Jim a conservative and a closet Republican?
		My income is smaller than my wife.
Explicação:
 
1. Sarah is a CEO and a proudy person of her job.
2. They are leaving due to the weather and because of money saving.
3. My income is smaller than my wife's.
4. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
 	
7.
	
In which sentence the parallelism is incorrect?
		In the morning he gets dressed, eats breakfast, brushes his teeth, and then kisses his mother goodbye.
Certo 		A time not for words, but action.
		The ceremony was both long and tedious.
		You must either grant his request or incur his ill will.
		My income is smaller than my wife's.
Explicação:
Correlative expressions (both, and; not, but; not only, but also; either, or; first, second, third; and the like) should be followed by the same grammatical construction. Many violations of this rule can be corrected by rearranging the sentence. - A time not for words, but for action
 	
8.
	
In which alternative the independent clause is correctly identified?
Certo 		Who ever heard of a naked ghost? (Who ever heard of a naked ghost)
		If the wind tugs at your coat-tails, it only seeks a companion for its games. (If the wind tugs at your coat-tails)
		The point of light yellowed and grew brighter, until the golden rays of the morning sun came in bravely and strong. (until the golden rays of the morning sun came in bravely and strong.)
		Overhead the sky floats like a gray and white balloon, as if it were a toy belonging to the city.( as if it were a toy belonging to the city.)
		As I took the men back, I heard a couple of shells fall somewhere behind us. (As I took the man back)
Explicação:
Who ever heard of a naked ghost? (Who ever heard of a naked ghost) = ONE VERB = INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
As I took the men back, I heard a couple of shells fall somewhere behind us. (As I took the man back) = SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION = AS = DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
If the wind tugs at your coat-tails, it only seeks a companion for its games. (If the wind tugs at your coat-tails) = SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION = IF = DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
The point of light yellowed and grew brighter, until the golden rays of the morning sun came in bravely and strong.(until the golden rays of the morning sun came in bravely and strong.) = = SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION = UNTIL = DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
Overhead the sky floats like a gray and white balloon, as if it were a toy belonging to the city.( as if it were a toy belonging to the city.) = = SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION = AS IF = DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
AULA 8 – AS CONJUNÇÕES COORDENATIVAS E CORRELATIVAS
1
 Questão 	
In which alternative there is an example of correlative conjunction?
	Tony drove to the golf course and played nine holes before lunch.
	Mr. Lee seemed to waste time, but he completed all the work.
Certo 	He is neither rich nor famous.
	We didn't know if we should risk driving through the deep water, or get out and swim.
	Jackson sings beautifully, yet he prefers to listen to others.
Explicação:
Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs, in order to show the relationship between the ideas expressed in different parts of a sentence. For instance, in the following example, the expression either ... or is used to indicate that the ideas expressed in the two clauses represent two alternative choices of action.
 Either you should study harder, or you should take a different course.
 She led the team not only in statistics but also by virtue of her enthusiasm.
 Polonius said, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."
2
 Questão 	
What is the right conjunction to complete the sentence? "Jaewon was cold,_________ he put on a coat."
	Yet
	Or
	Nor
Certo 	So
	And
Explicação:
SO (consequence)
It is used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship, and is similar in meaning to the subordinating conjunction "hence¿. Both words indicate an effect or result of something (consequence). However, "hence" has a more formal tone and subordinates one idea to the other, while "so" is more casual in tone and maintains equal importance of the clauses.
 At the ticket counter, Manny discovered he had forgotten our concert tickets, so we had to miss half the show while we went home to get them.
 
Be careful of the conjunction SO. Sometimes it can connect two independent clauses along with a comma, but sometimes it can't. For instance, in this sentence
 Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet.
 
where the word so means "as well" or "in addition," most careful writers would use a semicolon between the two independent clauses.
 Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family; so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet.
 
3
 Questão 	
Choose the correct alternative: "Every day during the winter it is ________ raining ________ snowing."
	not only...but also
	whether...or
	neither...nor
	scarcely ... when
Certo 	either...or
Explicação:
Either may be added to or for focus or emphasis on the items being considered (not both).
	
 
4
 Questão 	
Choose the correct alternative: "________ Jane ________ John like to go mountain bike riding."
	not only...but also
	whether...or
	scarcely ... when
Certo 	neither...nor
	either...or
Explicação:
Neither¿nor expresses "not one nor the other". Both Not
 
5
 Questão 	
In which alternative the correlative conjunction is incorrect?
	She is both intelligent and beautiful.
	Would you rather go shopping or spend the day at the beach?
	He is not only intelligent, but also very funny.
	I will either go for a hike or stay home and watch TV.
Certo 	Jerry is neither rich or famous.
Explicação:
The correlative conjunction is ¿neither¿.nor¿: Jerry is neither rich nor famous.
 
6
 Questão 	
Which alternative can be filled in with the conjunction FOR?
	The waiter was not very nice, _________the food was delicious.
	I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD, _________the shop didn't have it.
	Maria tried to read a novel in French, _________ it was too difficult.
	To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly, _________ you can ride the ferry.
Certo 	I hated listening to her talk, _______ she spoke in a high nasal voice.
Explicação:
FOR (reason)
It is also used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship and indicates a reason why (or cause) something happens. Thus, "for" is similar in meaning to "because," "as," or "since." However, "because," usually suggests that the reason is the most important part of the idea: "I got rid of my television because it was destroying my brain cells." "As" and "since" are usually used to show that the reason why something happened is not as important as the main clause, or that the reason is well-known already: "As you have a television and I don't, how about I come to your house to watch the NBA playoffs?" "For" is usually used to indicate that the reason is an afterthought, an idea that emerges once the first idea is stated.
 I hated listening to her talk, for she spoke in a high nasal voice.
 She refuses to admit she hates her boss, for she dislikes conflict with anyone.
 
Some people regard the conjunction for as rather highfalutin and literary, and it does tend to add a bit of weightiness to the text. Beginning a sentence with the conjunction "for" is probably not a good idea, except when you're singing "For he's a jolly good fellow. "For" has serious sequential implications and in its use the order of thoughts is more important than it is, say, with because or since. Its function is to introduce the reason for the preceding clause:
 John thought he had a good chance to get the job, for his father was on the company's board of trustees.
 Most of the visitors were happy just sitting around in the shade, for it had been a long, dusty journey on the train.
 
7
 Questão 	
Mark the word which can be used to join these two sentences:
We got ready to get on the train_________it didn´t stop.
	for
	or
Certo 	but
	so
	and then
Explicação:
BUT (opposition, contrast)
1. To show in a positive way what the first part of the sentence implied in a negative way (on the contrary is also used):
 Mr. Lee seemed to waste time, but he completed all the work.
2. To take the place of with the exception of:
 No one but Bert remembered to bring a notebook to class. (Everyone forgot to bring a notebook, with the exception of Bert.)
3. To show join contrasting ideas:
 Amanda never gets tough, but she still commands a lot of respect.
 
 
8
 Questão 	
Which correlative conjunctions complete the sentence: "_______ that is the case, _______ I'm not surprised about what''s happening."
	 Not/but	
 	 Whether / or
Certo 	 If/then
	No sooner/then
	Scarcely/when
Explicação:
Correct: If that is the case, then I¿m not surprised about what¿s happening.
The correlative conjunctions are:
both ... and / either ... or / neither ... nor/ hardly ... when/ if ... then/ no sooner ... than/mnot only ... but also/ rather ... than/ scarcely ... when/ what with ... and / whether ... or/ Just as. . .so too/ not. . .but
AULA 9 – COORDENAÇÃO SINDÉTICA, ASSINDÉTICA E POLISSIN...
1.
	
In which alternative there is a coordinating clause of exception?
		a) The bowl of squid eyeball stew is hot AND delicious.
		e) The squid eyeball stew is so thick that you can eat it with a fork OR spoon.
		c) Rocky refuses to eat dry cat food, NOR will he touch a saucer of squid eyeball stew.
Certo 		b) Rocky terrorizes the poodles next door YET adores the German shepherd across the street.
		d) Rocky, my orange tomcat, loves having his head scratched BUT hates getting his claws trimmed.
Explicação:
YET (exception)
The word YET functions sometimes as an adverb and has several meanings: in addition ("yet another cause of trouble" or "a simple yet noble woman"), even ("yet more expensive"), still ("he is yet a novice"), eventually ("they may yet win"), and so soon as now ("he's not here yet").
 
It also functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning something like "nevertheless" or "but."
 Jackson sings beautifully, yet he prefers to listen to others.
 Everyone complains about politics, yet no one does anything about it.Anna sews much better than the tailor on First St., yet she's afraid to charge for her services.
 
The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but can seldom register.
 John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.
 The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.
 
In sentences such as the second one, above, the pronoun subject of the second clause ("they," in this case) is often left out. When that happens, the comma preceding the conjunction might also disappear:
 The visitors complained loudly yet continued to play golf every day.
 
Yet is sometimes combined with other conjunctions, but or and. It would not be unusual to see and yet in sentences like the ones above. This usage is acceptable.
 The tornado chaser was scared but yet calm as he drove closer to the center of the storm.
 
 	
2.
	
Which coordinating conjunction correctly completes the sentence "My daughter wants to be a computer programmer, ____ she spends all her spare time on the computer."?
		or
		nor
		because
		but
Certo 		so
Explicação:
AND (addition)
BUT (opposition, contrast)
YET (exception)
OR (alternative)
NOR (negative-contrast)
SO (consequence)
FOR (reason)
 	
3.
	
Choose the alternative that correctly completes the blanks:"Fans love to watch Anna, ________ she dances beautifully. She is a graceful dancer, ________ people enjoy watching her. She hasn't taken dance lessons, ________ does she need to. Her technique is unconventional, ________ her lines are extraordinary. She can fill an audience with joy, ________ she can bring people to tears. Other dancers try to imitate her style, ________ they have not succeeded. She is talented, ________ she will attract fans for many years to come."
		for - and - nor - or - yet - yet - so
		because - and - nor - but - or - yet - so
Certo 		for - and - nor - but - or - yet - so
		so - and - but - but - or - yet - so
		yet - and - nor - but - but - yet - and
Explicação:
AND (addition)
BUT (opposition, contrast)
YET (exception)
OR (alternative)
NOR (negative-contrast)
SO (consequence)
FOR (reason)
 
4. In which alternative there is a coordinating clause of contrast?
		The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.
Certo 		No one but Bert remembered to bring a notebook to class.
		Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet.
		Mark is brave, and Alan is humorous.
		Iowa is the best place in the world to live, or at least Annie tries to tell us that.
Explicação:
Opposition or contrast (BUT) - No one but Bert remembered to bring a notebook to class. (Everyone forgot to bring a notebook, with the exception of Bert.)
 	
5.
	
In which alternative the coordinating conjunction is correctly employed?
Certo 		The little girl pressed her nose against the icy window and giggled with delight, for she had never seen snow before.
		Meet me at home nor meet me at school.
		Kulwinder's living room is cozy so her guests always gather in the kitchen.
		Ron dared not ride the ski lift or heights made him feel sick.
		My first week on the job was terrible, but my boss told me so.
Explicação:
 
Ron dared not ride the ski lift or (for) heights made him feel sick. = consequence
Kulwinder's living room is cozy so (but) her guests always gather in the kitchen. = opposite
Meet me at home nor (or) meet me at school. = alternative 
My first week on the job was terrible, but (and) my boss told me so. = addition 
 	
6.
	
There are three types of coordination clauses: Syndetic coordination, Asyndetic coordination and Polysyndetic coordination. Which alternative has a syndectic coordination?
		Susie and Pippa called for you this morning. 
		You wouldn't believe how many exams I've got. I've got semantics and pragmatics and sociolinguistics and [psycholinguistics and syntax.
Certo 		He came towards me and asked for information.
		This play will run and run and run.
		He strode into the bank, asked for information.
Explicação:
Conjoins are are usually coordinated using one of the coordinators and, but, or or. This type of coordination, with a coordinator present, is called syndetic coordination.
 	
7.
	
In which alternative there is an example of syndetic coordination?
		He strode into the bank, asked for information.
		This play will run and run and run.
		He just talks and talks and talks
Certo 		He came towards me and asked for information.
		Over the river, through the woods, beside the mountain, lies the dragon
Explicação:
Conjoins are usually coordinated using one of the coordinators and, but, or or. In the following sentence, the bracketed conjoins are coordinated using and:
 He came towards me and asked for information.
This type of coordination, with a coordinator present, is called SYNDETIC COORDINATION.
Coordination can also occur without the presence of a coordinator, as in the following:
 He strode into the bank, asked for information.
 coordinator is present here, but the conjoins are still coordinated. This is known as ASYNDETIC COORDINATION.
POLYSYNDETIC COORDINATION is used for effect, for instance to express continuation:
 This play will [run] and [run] and [run]
 He just [talks] and [talks] and [talks]
AULA 10 – REVISÃO
1.
In which alternative is the inversion wrong?
		Under a tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
		'What do you mean?' asked Henry.
		Blessed are the children who are still unaware of what the future holds.
Certo 		There Nigel Salter goes, the footballer.
		At first there was silence. Then came a voice that I knew
Explicação:
In conversation we use Here comes + noun and There goes + noun, with inversion of verb and subject, to talk about things and people moving towards or away from the speaker:
 Here comes the bus.
 Here comes Freddy!
 There goes Nigel Salter, the footballer.
 There goes your brother.
 	
2.
	
Complete the following sentence: "They are going to _____________ the old bank and build some flats there instead."
Certo 		knock down
		put off
		shut away
		cut off
		call off
Explicação:
call off (postpone) - put off (postpone) - knock down (to bring to the floor)
shut away (place in a place where something cannot be removed or someone cannot escape) - cut off (to interrupt the course or passage of)
3.What type of question is it? "How would the story have been different if John had been a tall, strong boy instead of disabled?"
		Embedded question
		Probing question
Certo 		Hypothetical or divergent questions
		Funneling question
		Multiple question
Explicação:
HYPOTHETICAL OR DIVERGENT QUESTIONS - These are questions that set up a possible situation or problem and ask the interviewee for a possible course of action. They are questions with no right or wrong answers, but which encourage exploration of possibilities. They require both concrete and abstract thinking to arrive at an appropriate response.
 	
4.
	
In which alternative the parallelism is correct?
		The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese.
		It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.
		A time not for words, but action.
		In spring, summer, or in winter.
Certo 		My income is smaller than my wife's.
Explicação:
The French, the Italians, (the) Spanish, and (the) Portuguese.
In spring, (in) summer, or in winter.
It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. = The ceremony was both long and tedious.
A time not for words, but (for) action
 
5.In which alternative there is a problem of run-out?
		d) I saw her standing in the rain by the school gates. Waiting for the bus to come.
Certo 		b) I can't help you I have to be home by 4 o'clock.
		e) I drink coffee, and my brother drinks tea.
		c) If you do that again.
		a) I was late to school again yesterday. For the third time this
Explicação:
A RUN-ON SENTENCE is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses arewritten one after another with no punctuation (fused sentences) or with incorrect punctuation (comma splice).
INCORRECT: His family went to Australia then they immigrated to Canada. (NO PUNCTUATION)
CORRECT: His family went to Australia; then they immigrated to Canada
	 	
6.In which alternative there is a prepositional phrasal verb?
		We have run out of eggs.
		You should think it over.
		They brought that up twice.
Certo 		I made up an excuse.
		He doesn't get on with his wife.
Explicação:
Verb + preposition (prepositional phrasal verbs)
 She takes after her mother. ¿ after is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase after her mother.
 Sam passes for a linguist. ¿ for is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase for a linguist.
 You should stand by your friend. ¿ by is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase by your friend.
The object cannot be placed in the middle of the phrasal verb.
7.
	
In which alternative the conjunction "so" completes the sentence?
		Don't tell John about his birthday party ______ you'll spoil the surprise.
		Why don't you ring Sue ______ find out what time she's coming over tonight?
		I'm going to go shopping on Sunday ___ buy some new clothes.
Certo 		I've just eaten dinner _____ I'm not hungry.
		Secretary to Boss: Do you want anything _______can I go home now?
Explicação:
SO (consequence)
It is used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship, and is similar in meaning to the subordinating conjunction "hence¿. Both words indicate an effect or result of something (consequence). However, "hence" has a more formal tone and subordinates one idea to the other, while "so" is more casual in tone and maintains equal importance of the clauses.
 At the ticket counter, Manny discovered he had forgotten our concert tickets, so we had to miss half the show while we went home to get them.
 
8.
	
In which alternative there is an example of "simple bits of information" question?
		What do you think of this issue? Do you agree with it, and if not, why, and what other issues would you see as being relevant to this specific case?
Certo 		Who is the main character in Margaret Mitchell's novel, Gone With the Wind?
		Will you please rephrase your statement?
		Tell me about your most recent holiday. What did you see while you were there? Were there any good restaurants?
		What are the steps a bill goes through before it becomes a law?
Explicação:
Simple Bits of Information
 Who was the leader of the Free French forces during W.W.II?
 Who is the main character in Margaret Mitchell's novel, Gone With the Wind?
 During which century did Shakespeare live?
 What is the Spanish verb meaning to run?