CHILDREN PICTURE DICTIONARY

Prévia do material em texto

\ARORA'S\\ 
y 
Published bv : ARORA BOOK COMPANY 
109, Prakash Mahal, Ansari Road, 
Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110 002 
P h . : 2 3 2 5 - 7 0 9 2 , 2 3 2 5 - 7 9 6 4 
ISBN 
81-87718-21-8 
Compiled by : 
DHARAM DEV ARORA y 
with 
General Knowledge 
CONTENTS 
S.No. Subject Page No. 
A. THE DICTIONARY 5-94 
B. ACTION WORDS fcbUlcHcb 95-113 
C. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 
1. Colours 1 1 4 
2 . Days, Months and Seasons R H , H ^ . k j c i h HIH 1 1 4 
3. Time 1 1 4 
4 . Animals cp -^Ft 1 1 5 
5. Birds, Worms, Insects and Reptiles MU^, 4-tcbl^ l|cj dlol v^cl) HIH 1 1 6 
6. Cries of Birds, Animals and Insects M f M , vilMcWf CUMI c f l ^ - H c h l ^ 3J|c||.\if 1 1 7 
7 . Young ones of Animals VJIMCIVI cp cpsff cp ^TR 1 1 7 
8. Sounds fc|fH?l c j ^ l d?| 1 1 8 
9 . Dwelling and Places PiclKI l̂ cj cf)| 1 1 8 
10 . Schools & Colleges ^ci H^lRl^l ld^ ^ 1 2 2 
11. Subjects ^ ( M H H 1 2 2 
12 . Sports & Games ^ e f ciaTf 1 2 3 
13. Eatables and Cereals vi lHM dSMI -HlvrlH ^ 1 2 4 
14. Spices 1 2 5 
15 . Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables 4>cH kjcj ^RsHiji 1 2 6 
16 . Plants, Trees and Their Parts iflfc), cjJH v H ^ 'H\*\ 1 2 7 
17 . Parts of the Body 1 2 8 
18 . Ailments and Body Conditions yixpu daji 1 2 9 
19 . Relations 1 3 0 
2 0 . Clothes and Wearing Apparel 1 3 1 
2 1 . Ornaments and Jewels 1 3 2 
2 2 . Musical Instruments c i i a ^ 1 3 3 
2 3 . Household Articles i n MRCIN w ^ s f t C R ^ 1 3 3 
2 4 . Minerals 1 3 5 
25 . Places, Buildings and Their Parts >WIH, ' W H ^cj vJH^ •HMI 1 3 5 
26 . Stationery 1 3 7 
27 . Tools aftjHN 1 3 8 
28 . Warfare 1 3 9 
29 . In the Hospital Rlfcb^lcHAI i) *l*<s|ptld yiccj 1 4 0 
30. Profession and Occupations M kjcj oqc)^!^ ci4 1 4 1 
31 . Police Department <jfcH>H fcJ'-HI-11 ^ <HHptld 1 4 3 
32 . Jubilee Table 1 4 4 
abcdefghijklmn j 
: opqrstuvwxyz [ 
alphabet The letters which are used to 
C^tfif iR:) write words.These letters go 
in a special order. 3uiHi<ni I 
acorn The nut which grows on an 
( ) oak tree. If you plant an acorn 
m \ it will take a long time to 
grow into a tree. ĉJcT "̂ T 
W f l 
acrobat An acrobat does clever tricks 
( ^ t e ) at the circus. ^ M l ' K l 
Adder a poisonous snake. "^MT T̂PT; 
aeroplane A machine which flies in 
(3*rtt#T) the sky. ^TW; 
fsRHI 
alligator 
( QTh'V< ) 
An animal which lives in 
rivers and looks like a croco-
dile. -erfswri 
alsatian A large dog which looks a bit 
( Q h ^ h ) like a wolf. ftranft ^rar I 
ambulance A special kind of car which 
(Qhs^c-kh) takes people to hospital 
when they are ill or hurt, 
t f ^ ^-SMeff ^ STFRfM^t 
cTTcft "HT̂ t I 
ankle Part of your body which 
(•̂ PcT) joins your foot and leg. 
Z ^ T I 
ant A very small insect. Hundreds 
. of ants live together, "^flzt 
antelope An animal which looks 
(Q^chIm) like a deer, f f r q ^TT "q^j i 
ape A large animal like a monkey with-
(irq) out a tail. W T T ^ ; " fs fa f fa I 
apple A round fruit which 
(•qufef) people like to eat. TRf I 
anchor A heavy piece of iron on a long 
(•^m) chain, it keeps a boat still. cFR I 
anorak A jacket with a hood to keep 
(QnY ĉh) you warm and dry. ^ fcrc 
apron A piece of cloth which you 
(t j th) wear over your clothes to keep 
them clean, ^ r g f ^ W W t 
% fcro; W t I 
aquarium A glass tank to keep fish in. 
(arMtsm) You can watch the fish swim-
ming around. I 
arm The part of your body between 
(srrf) your hand and shoulder, ^pfl I 
armchair A chair with sides. You rest 
( o t ^ ^ r ) your arms on the sides. 
^ c ^ R ^ f f I 
astronomer A person who studies the 
( • ^ m ) stars. TsPTtel I 
artist A person who paints and draws 
(OTf&re) pictures. °bCll°bK; f^r^TR I 
astronaut A person who flies in a 
Ofc^Nfe) spacecraft. SRrfts} w f t 
arrow A stick with a point at one end a x e A sharp tool with a handle You 
(^ft) and feathers at the other. I ( w O chop wood with an axe. j ^ i s l I 
7 
army |_ots 0f soldiers. ifal; ^nR 
(srnfl) " 
baby 
(•^ft) 
A very young child. A baby 
cannot walk. T ^ I ®r̂ fT. 
badge Something you wear to 
show that you belong to a 
certain school or club. 
fsfM. 
badger A black and white animal which 
(sTvsr) lives in a hole in the ground. A 
badger is very shy. f t e "q^; 
f^s j . 
bag Something used to hold things. 
(%ti) A bag can be made of plastic, 
paper or material. sfcfT; 
baker A person who bakes and sells 
bread and cakes. -im®ii£ 
ball An object which is round. You 
(«fra) often use a ball to play a game. 
i fc; 7TtcTF. 
ballet 
dancer 
i 5 f r Y 
A ballet dancer dances in 
the ballet. A ballet is dancing 
which tells a story. "̂ R 
balloon A bag filled with air. Some 
balloons are small, others are 
large. "^pTRI. 
banana A long yellow fruit with a 
( c r r t ) thick skin. 
8 
bat A small animal that flies at night. A 
bat looks like a mouse with wings. 
-ciH'IK^. 
9 
band A group of people who play musi-
cal instruments together. ^ 
barn A large building on a farm, 
(cjpf) Farmers keep things like hay and 
animals in a barn. <sifcri$M; <*>ldK. 
bandage A thin piece of material used 
( t ^5 r ) for covering a wound. A 
bandage is usually white, ^ t s 
basin A round bowl for holding liquids. 
cTWFT; 
basket Something to hold things. A 
(eiiR^e) basket is made from strips of 
plaited wood, z t ^ f t ; ^ fd^ l . 
bat A piece of wood used to hit a ball. 
Cv 
barber person who cuts hair. 
barbecue 
(dWdc^) 
A party outside where food 
is cooked on a fire. "RTCT "^F^ 
bath A big container which you can fill 
(cnaj) with water and sit in. You can 
wash yourself all over in a bath. 
'T^T^ ^T ; F̂TFT. 
bee A brown and yellow striped insect, 
(if l) A bee collects honey. 
bell A bell is hollow. Inside is a ball 
(iter) which hits the side and rings when 
shaken, w t ; W l . 
bear 
(fcrc) 
belt A long thin piece of material. You 
wear it round your waist, "^zt; 
ehH<«K. 
beard 
(f lani) 
bed Something you sleep on. Beds 
(•^g) are usually soft and comfortable. 
fallen; 
bicycle A machine with two wheels 
(eii^cbcH) that you ride, ^ hIWi "^t 
mifoxrl. 
binoculars These are like two telescopes 
joined together. You look 
through them to see things 
which are far away. ^Mfa. 
The hair which 
man's chin. ^ t . 
A large animal with thick fur. A 
bear can be black, brown or 
white. Tfe; 
beetle (ffcci) An insect with four 
wings. The front wings 
are hard and shiny, 
10 
boat A small ship. A boat floats on 
ftte) water. HR; f ^ c f t . 
bone One of the hard white parts of the 
(cf^r) body of a person or an animal. 
^ S T . 
bonfire a fire in the garden. 
book Pages joined for you to read. 
(fEP) 
boot A shoe which covers your ankle, 
ft?) ^ 
11 
blackboard A black surface. You can 
(^cpefr^) write on it with chalk. 
W W . 
blue 
shines. 
black Th e darkest colour of all. "^MT; 
S R ^ K H ^ ; t̂TCTT ijF. 
blackberry A small juicy fruit. Black-
(cctcpiff[) berries can grow wild, ^ le f t 
blackbird A black bird with a yellow 
(^cpcf^) beak. ^facT. 
blue A colour. The sky is 
when the sun 
nten FT. 
biscuit a small crunchy cake, fafchd. 
(ftfase) 
bow A curved stick with string. It shoots 
(eft) arrows. 
bow ( e f t ) A kind of knot. You tie your 
oelaces with a bow. 
^rt ffte. 
box A container with straight sides. A 
(cfnpn) box is made of cardboard, metal 
or wood, - h ^ ; "^zt. 
bread A food made from flour, 
( i s ) ^ e l M 
brick ( t o ) A piece of clay which is 
made into a block and 
baked. Bricks are used for 
building, f z . 
boy A male child. A boy becomes a 
(#g) . man. 
bridegroom A man on his wedding 
(d i ^ i jH) day. " ^ T ; Wi. 
bridge A bridge crosses a road, river 
( t o ) or railway. It takes you over to 
the other side. "Jcf; 
branch 
(fTpei) 
boxer A person who fights with his 
( w r c ) fists, t i ^ i t f . 
nU-
- 4 > € o 
The part of a tree which grows 
out from the trunk. ^Teft; 
Z^f t . 
broomA brush with a long handle. 
You sweep away the dust on 
the floor with a broom. W f ^ 
bride 
imz) 
A woman on her wedding day. 
bucket (erfcfcz)A container for holding 
water. A bucket always 
has a handle. 
bud A leaf or a flower before it opens. 
( t o ) ^ e f t ; 
bus A very large car which carries 
(era) people. -MldMId =FT "HT^FT; ®T?T. 
budgerigar (ensrfrfR) A small brightly 
coloured pet bird. 
bull The male of any kind of large ani-
(^cf) mal, usually cattle. ^Hfe; ^ T . 
bulldozer A big machine which moves 
(•gesture) lots of earth and rubbish. 
bungalow A house with no upstairs. All 
(cPTcft) the rooms of a bungalow 
are on the ground, "ST37 
^TeTT. 
butter Soft yellow food made from 
(ere*) cream. h<=ksm. 
buttercup A bright yellow wild flower, 
(•sr̂ r-epq) W i n % 
button A small round object. 
•
A button fastens your 
clothes together, ^ r , 
^rq^f "qr wft WfT. 
blutcRer He sells meat, ^ n f ; *TRT 
(f^R) ^TefT. 
butterfly (sre^w^) 
An insect with large 
coloured wings. A butterfly 
grows from a caterpillar. 
fcRTeft. 
car a motor with four wheels. 
(cRR) 
cage A box or a room made from bars. 
(%ut) Animals and birds can be kept in 
a cage. fq̂ TCT. 
camel (3>*r?f) A large animal which lives 
in the hot dry desert. It 
carries water in one or two 
humps on its back. I fe ; 
^PlWH =FT ̂ tftst. 
cabbage A green vegetable which 
(fofca) eat. ^ M ; WT t M . 
we 
cake A sweet food which is made from 
flour, butter, sugar and eggs. A 
cake is baked in an oven. 37IZI, 
3TCT3T, W I , ofit rHdlch< ̂ FTFTT 
calf 
(tPTO) 
14 
canoe 
A young cow or . W f T . 
A small yellow bird which 
sings. People often keep 
a canary as a pet. 
faf^l. 
candle (%^§ct) A round piece of wax 
with string through the 
middle. The string burns 
and makes a light. 
A small boat 
fel+KI ^ f t . 
canary (tfafl) 
caravan a house on wheels. ^ 
carrot A long orange vegetable. A car-
( ^ s ) r o t grows in the ground. "TFJR. 
castle A big stone building. Castles 
( t^ ra) were built long ago. 
: * * 
c a t A small furry pet. 
caterpillar A small creature 
which changes 
into a butterfly. 
^ te i , f f i w . 
c a v e A big hole in a cliff or in a hill. 
( c k ) 
cello A musical instrument like a big 
(•ftcft) violin. c inRh "^Fn. 
n\ ' 
centipede An insect with lots of legs. 
chain Rings which are joined together. 
chair A seat for one person to sit on. A 
chair has four legs and a back to 
lean against, f ^ f f . 
KD 
cheese A food which is made from milk. 
cherry A small round fruit. A cher-
ry has a stone in the mid-
dle. tJtef "Htef cTTcT W . 
15 
chess A game for two people played 
with chessmen, w b r 
chicken ( f foR) A young hen. 
"grffwr^EfT; ^pn. 
SEP 
r f n i 
chimney A pipe to let the smoke out of 
(fxprft) a house. It is on the roof. 
Pn+dH ^T T i m 
chimpanzee a clever ape. 3 q ^ r 
chips Small pieces of potato which are 
( f l ro) fried. c T ^ f i r ^ z ^ t . 
chocolate A brown sweet made from 
(trrp^e) cocoa. ^rtert ^r ^ f t ffcrsrf. 
choir A group of people who sing 
(M^ f ) together. TTFT f̂ ^ q^T ^u^d l ^FI 
I n — M 
church A building where people go to 
(xnf) sing hymns and pray. pR^II^R; 
^ (ftTRFyft) oHHI^bl. 
clarinet A musical instrument which you 
( c f ^ e ) blow. 
coconut A very large nut which grows 
(>lcfrHe) on some palm trees. -iiR<m 
claw A sharp hard nail on the foot of an 
(•cfĉ j) animal or bird. 
cliff A high steep rock usually near 
( t o p ) t h e s e a . ^ f ^ F T f t ^ ^ f t ^ S R 
coat Something you wear over other 
(cpfc) clothes, ^ f % TWf i M T 
"feefT f3TT W f l ^ T f l . 
cobweb 
(cbTdcId 
A thin silky net made by a spi-
der. The spider catches insects 
in a cobweb. 
clock (cRTfcp) A machine with hands and 
a face to tell you the time. 
•sr^t. 
clown A funny man at the circus. A 
(cfcii^n) clown has a painted face. 
HUteHI; " tM f ^ r i . 
comb A comb has teeth for tidying your 
(cpm) hair, ^ f t ; W 
comic 
(cfiTftcfi) 
A paper book with lots of small 
pictures, f ^ f w f t "qf^T 
^ i t a . 
cook a person who cooks food. WTT 
(gnp) "SRpt M I ; stTcr f̂. 
17 
cork A thing to put in the top of bottles 
(•cBTcfj) to stop the liquid running out. ^cTef 
=Ft ^TS ^T eFFT. 
corn The seeds of plants like wheat, 
(cjrpf) barley and oats. Corn is made into 
food. 3FT; 
cowboy 
(cMvdetfij) 
A man who looks after cattle on 
a ranch. ^ T W I ; ^ 
w u . 
cot A small bed with sides. A baby 
(we) sleeps in a cot. # 1 ; 3TT hktmi. 
cowslip a smalfwTfd yellow flower. 
(Ĉ MR-chm) i j r ^ T ^ z t tu 
crab An animal which lives in the sea. It 
has a hard shell and ten legs. 
^T. 
cottage A small house in the country. 
(cPT^T) ^ n ; m . 
cow The animal which gives us milk. 
18 
cracker You pull this and it goes bang. 
A small present is inside. <*>hm 
W I t . 
crane A machine which lifts very heavy 
(jfa) things, m l ' crcgsrf ^ "sbt^ ^ 
{crocodile A large fierce animal which 
(tbUYiiijd) ' i v e s i n t h e water and on the 
land. Tp r rq^ ; t j fe i lH. 
crocus A flower which comes out in the 
(ufarn) spring. c f^T 3 "fec^ WcTT 
cuckoo A bird which makes a noise 
which sounds like its name. 
• n , 
croquet A game played by knocking 
(stfcfr) balls through hoops. T3=F "SRFTC 
•^tT faRTO d + k l ^ t % ^ t 
^ ^ n r r ^ n t . 
A long green vegetable. cucumber 
(cHjcbkN) 
cup A container with a handle. We drink 
(cpq) liquid from a cup. WcTI. 
19 
crow (ml) A large black bird. "^T; WT. 
crown (tPTvĵ ) Something worn on the 
head by kings and 
^queens. A crown is often 
•made of gold. 
cube A shape which has six sides all 
(cpqer) the same size. mi=t->i< f̂ TT37f r̂ T̂RT f ^ wrr). ' 
dagger A kind of knife used for fighting. 
daisy A small white wild flower. It is 
( t ^ r ) yellow in the middle. JJd®l£k 
deer 
( feR) 
20 
A wild animal. A deer has horns 
and is very shy. " f t , 
dentist A person who looks after your 
( W & z ) teeth, ^cf R=iRtic«eh. 
IT ] 
I j E l ] L4 u 
desk A kind of table. You sit at a desk to 
(t*cf>) read and write. 
f e r s & f . 
dial 
(^pra) 
The face of a watch or clock. ^Tft 
^T ^ f ^w t r s N F ferel ^ f . 
dice Small cubes with numbers on 
each side. You use dice in many 
games. TTCTT; ^ M ; Rffq ^ M ; 
dictionary This book is a dictionary. It 
(Rscrcufl) tells you what words mean. 
YK-'^Ffa; "g^RT f̂ RT̂ T 
TTW cWT 3Tsf t ^ ^ f . 
harp pointed piece of metal 
with feathers at one end. 
wter cik. 
doll A toy which looks like a baby or a 
(^ra) child. Tjf^n.- ^ % ^ t 
• fc t fh l . 
dolphin An animal which lives in the 
(•3Tfc*jR) sea. Dolphins are very clever. diver A person who swims under the 
(^ifcR) water. Divers wear special suits. 
'lldltelU. 
doctor A person who helps to make you 
(^nre*) better when you are ill. M ^ R T ; 
%T; "dfrprf ^T f c I R ^ F f M I 
^ r f e . 
donkey An animal which looks like a 
small horse. A donkey has long 
ears. W . 
dinosaur A very large animal which 
( ^ t ^ ^ t r ) lived thousands of years ago. 
t^Ft MTT MtMcK 
^ TJff 
dog An animal which is kept as a pet. 
Csfo) t ^ M ^ -
dishwasher A machine which does the 
(•ferranrrc) washing up. ^ T T ^ t TFFTf 
door A door opens and shuts and 
(•sft) allows you go into a room or build-
ing. q<qif1l; 
- W 
dove a bird which is like a pigeon. ^Ksdl; 
^cTC % MRclK ^ F T . 
1 2 3 U. 5 6 
7 8 9 10 1132 
dozen This is another way of saying 
( w i ) twelve. ^HF T̂T t j ^ c ^ t . 
dragon A make-believe animal. Many 
(%tr) stories have been written about 
dragons. W W ^ffa; 
3 3?ft R+dd l f . 
dragonfly A large insect, usually < 
(^HikHi^) bright colour. TO 
dress Something worn by women 
iftTW; feT̂ TRT; x r f t m 
d r i " You use a drill to make holes. 
( % 0 ^ T̂T 3#3TR. 
drum A musical instrument which yo i 
( ^ r ) beat with a stick. "^cT; W S I . 
duck bird which can swim. 
( t o ) 
22 
eagle A large bird which eats small 
(^ra) animals. W ; 
ear 
(iSR) 
earth 
(3Rf) 
You have two ears, one on each 
side of your head. We hear with 
our ears. F̂TFT. 
0 -Wo • \ -I, 
« - ° * - • P.' 6 w ' O is " o 
The top of the ground. We put 
plants in the earth, ^^cft; IfPTfr; 
' °' ' V M — - -
A large worm which lives in earthworm 
(siafcpf) the earth. 
easel 
(l̂ yTcT) 
A frame made of wood to stand a 
picture or a blackboard on. 
cRan; w r q ^ w r ^ r erarat ^ 
^far. 
easter egg An egg made from choco-
( t f ^ ^ T ) late. ^ f t - fRT c%R-qr 
*fe w ^ q f ^ n T̂TcfT t 
^ n ^ Z ^ F̂fcTT t ) . 
egg (tttt) Some animals lay eggs. 
x ^ ^ N B a b i e s of these animals are 
f /hatched from eggs. sf^T. 
eight The number between seven and 
(•qe) nine. W sfk ^ % ^ t TTMT. 
3TT3. 23 
elbow The part where your arm bends 
(TTc«rt) in the middle. <=hl̂ -fl. 
eye The part of your body you see 
(OT^) with. 
envelope 
(̂ HcJdM) 
A folded piece of paper. You 
put a letter in an envelope. 
eyelid The piece of skin which covers 
(3n^fers) your eye. "q^RF. 
cricn 
eleven The number between ten and 
( j v m ) twelve. ^RF % =Ft 
IRiPTT : TqRf. 
excavator A big machine which digs, 
(xrcmc^t) ^ ^ f t 
The hairs along the edge of 
your eyelids. Eyelashes help to 
keep dust out of your eyes. 
"TcT ît % ofTeT. 
elephant 
(•qcT.Tfr̂ ) 
The largest land animal in 
world. An elephant has a long 
nose called a trunk. FMf. 
emu A large bird which cannot fly. Emus 
(spjj live in Australia. STH f̂cFTT ^ r F̂T 
^ ^ 
is 
FT 
eyelash 
(wijbt) 
fence A kind of wall usually made of 
("to?) wood. cfTST; "ŝ T. 
face j h e f r o n t p a r t 0 f y0ur head. 
( t o ) 
fan ( t o ) A machine which blows hot and 
cold air. W I . 
farmer A person who looks after a farm. 
(TJipft) farHM; l M oncJT. 
feather A lot of fine threads. Birds have 
f t o ^ l feathers. W 
ferry A boat which carries people and 
(%ff) cars across water. ^ftTT; "TT̂ ; f ^c f t . 
field A piece of land with things grow-
{ i tez ) ing in it. f̂cT; WTTF. 
fingers The five things on the end of 
( f to t f ) your hand. Ff«T ^ t 
25 
fern A green plant which has feather-
( t o ) like leaves. q f ^ f f ^ m i 
•qf^n. 
ferret A little animal used to catch rab-
(Tfcfte) bits. ^ t^eira " ^ n ^ . 
fire Something which burns and gives 
( M ) out warmth. 3TFT; 
fire engine 
(WR Tjfnjn) 
A large motor car which car-
ries water to put out fires. 
3TFT ^TT^ TTTSt; 
W T 
fireman 
( w # i ) 
A man who rides in a fire 
engine and puts out fires. 3TFT 
fish A creature which lives in water. We 
( fan) eat some fish. ^RWft; TTfPT. 
Q. 
fisherman A person who catches fish. 
1 
five The number between four and 
(TpT ĉj) six. T̂R W. % cfft WTT: 
•qfa. 
26 
A coloured piece of cloth 
fixed to a stick. fTST; 
flamingo 
( T ^ T t ) 
A bird with a long neck and 
long legs. You often see a 
flamingo standing in water at 
the zoo. TRFH "q^it. 
flower (ww<) The part of a plant which 
holds the seeds. A flower 
is usually a bright colour. 
fly A small insect with two wings. 
foal a young pony, ^frf T̂T ^ ^T ®psrr. 
(•qytcl) 
foot The part of your body you stand 
(ige) on. qfo; 
football A leather or plastic ball used in 
(^rieiTd) the game of football. "fc ^ 
footprint 
Ogefite) 
The mark made by your foot 
when you walk on something 
soft like sand. ^ f^RT. 
fossil (wRhch) 
fountain 
(mivj-ci) 
The shape of a plant or ani-
mal which lived a long time 
ago. These shapes can still 
be seen in rocks. ^RJ 
T M % m oft wfa % 
^ "STHfft f 
Water which shoots into the 
air. W T ; ^R^tRl. 
four The number between three and 
OPft) r i five. ""tN % cfff / 7 I ti 
4 ' 
forehead 
Oitata) 
The part of your face between 
your eyes and your hair. "RM; 
mm. 
fork 
fort A strong building. Soldiers used to f r o g A c r e a t u r e w h i c h c a n i n 
(nil*) live in a fort. ^ te . water and jump on land. te. 
27 
An instrument for picking up food. 
•QHTWt ^ J ^ f e . fox A small wild animal with 
(t̂ Tcr?) bushy tail, effort. 
a big 
garage a place to keep cars, 
garage A place where you get petrol. 
(frf^si) TTteT a f l f t oflt c M ^ 
garden The land round a house. You 
(•nr^r) grow flowers and vegetables in 
a garden. T̂PT; 
28 
gate A gate is like a door but you see it 
(Tfe) Outside. A gate can be made of 
wood or iron. ^TMT. 
ghost A ghost is supposed to be a dead 
spirit. No one knows if 
ghosts are real. f̂cT; f^T. 
giraffe An animal with a very long neck. 
( f t R P P ) faw. 
g>rl A female child. cQ 
Clef) 
^ T . 
glass Glass is hard and breaks easily, 
(^crra) You can see through glass. 
glasses We wear glasses when we 
('eiiRivjt) _ cannot see very well. 
• Glasses are sometimes 
^called spectacles. WTT; 
VVvMA^ 
i _ / v> . v n L I X 
gnome A little make-believe man who 
lives underground. #=TT. 
_ ider (joH^sw) An aeroplane without 
an engine. "f̂FTT " ^ R ^T I w t . 
globe A round shape like a ball which 
(Teita) shows you all the countries of the 
world. Titor fcrcr "qr ^ ^ °ft 
* r t ^ n t . 
goal A wooden frame with a net. You 
(Titer) kick a football into a goal, 
goat An animal with horns. A goat gives 
(Tfte) milk. 
goldfish Fish which are gold in colour. 
OiWfogi) ^ f r ^ ; t q "q^rt. 
glove A covering for the hand. Gloves 
On^) keep our hands warm. <vklHI. 
glue Something which is used to stick 
(Tcjj things together. TT^T; f ^ w ^ ^T goose A bird which looks like a big 
(tjtt) white duck. 2 9 
gooseberry A small green berry which 
(Tpplft) you can eat. sfi^fT. grasshopper 
(TTprr"?m) 
A small insect which 
jumps. Pd-^si. 
green 
(to) 
The colour of grass. FTT; ITT TT. 
gorilla 
( ' f t R e d l ) 
A very large ape. WTTJ^; "SflT 
grape A sweet juicy fruit. You make 
( tq) wine from grapes. 3PJT. 
grapefruit 
30 
grass a green plant. WT; 
(t i r t ) 
guitar A musical instrument with strings. 
(flrcrc). tec. 
gull a sea bird. T T ^ M ^ T T . 
(•ner) 
gun A weapon used for shooting. 
(TFT) cTR 
A bitter fruit like a large yel-
low orange. WtZT -<=i =hld<i; 
^ T t . 
guinea pig 
(Tpft •RTT) 
A small animal kept as a 
pet. ^ %TT W f ^ t w s f t M 
^tfftc. 
handkerchief A small piece of cloth 
(I^TcpT^to) you use to blow your 
nose. 
handle Part of anything you hold in 
your hand. A knife has a handle 
^ j ) fPtfnd so has a door. 
hair Thin threads which grow on your 
. to) ^ M f e head. Some animals 
h a i r a " o v e r t h e i r 
V j T * ^ b o d i e s . handlebars The part of a bicycle you 
C^cHnI ) hold onto when riding. 
hammer a tool for hitting nails, f te 
( t o ) 
A bent piece of wire with a 
hook. You hang up your clothes 
on a hanger. Tsfzt ̂ T eT^ft 
"sfT cfTt ^faT "TC •grrt 
d i + l ^ ^Tct f . 
hamster 
(tare*) 
A small animal like a big 
mouse. We keep hamsters as 
pets. ^ ^ W ^ ^ h c r . 
hare a wild animal like a rabbit. W I 
CN) % TTft^R 3 TForf^cT 
handcuffs Two metal rings which lock 
(l^swtm) your hands together. Police-
men use handcuffs on 
r f i prisoners. 
harp A musical instrument with strings 
(mi) A harp has the shape of a triangle 
31 
hanger 
( W ) 
hand Part of your body at the end of 
(fcss) your arm. FTC; W . 
32 
head All the parts of your body above 
your neck. f^R. 
heel The back part of your foot. "Q^t. 
C M 
headlight The lights on the front of a car 
) or motor cycle, f ^ f t 
% 3TO W] F̂T WTWeTT^. 
heart Your heart is inside your body. It 
^ pumps blood. You can 
L ^ T ) hear your heart beating. 
mm/ i ^ T ; te 
mmBKHmm^Sm^ 
hedge A kind of fence made from small 
bushes. flTfe^i ^T ®tTf. 
hedgehog A small animal which is very 
( t t m ) Prickly. W t ; ^ M ^T 
-•hen ' a female bird. "ĝ Tf. 
helicopter An aircraft which can fly 
( M l w ^ ) straight up and come straight 
down. f^FTP ^ f f t % 
w t t sm TS ^racn t 
cT?n f t -̂ cR t . 
to wear a crash helmet. 
eiWdlM; far ^Fl ^STT t l 
T̂cTT Zfa. 
helmet A kind of strong hat worn 
by soldiers, policemen 
and firemen. People who 
ride on motorbikes have 
hat Something you wear on your head. 
(%e) 2rq. 
hoe A garden tool for digging out 
weeds. 
holly A tree with prickly leaves. Some 
holly trees have red berries. ^H^T 
i t ^ e b ^ k fnst. 
hook A curved piece of metal. You hang 
(fcp) things on a hook. ^feT. 
hoop A circle of woodor plastic. You 
(^q) jump through a hoop or roll it 
hippopotamus A very large animal s ^ng the ground. ^ TO; 
( O M c w - i ) which lives near a river. 
^ f w f •srteT. 
herring A small fish found in the sea. 
^ W f t ^ Is t Wef t . 
mountain. ^ ^ T ; W f ^ ; 
heron 
C M 
A bird with long legs which likes 
standing in water. 
^npn. 
hive A small house made of wood. 
Bees live in a hive. "R^hRksmi '3FI 
33 
E B E B EE3 E B I B 
horn Pointed bones which grow on the 
heads of some animals. "#T. 
( HEFT P I T A U 1 " • . 
1 • J 
hospital A place you go to when you 
(aR^ed) are ill. 3-iwdld; fafeoHM'M. 
horn A musical instrument like a big 
( # f ) trumpet. You blow a horn to make 
a sound, ^f1^ c j ^ l 
horse A friendly animal. You can ride on 
a horse. ^TteT; 
horseshoe 
m 
A piece of metal which is 
fixed to the bottom of a 
horse's hoof. "̂TTeT. 
J4 
A long narrow pipe made of rub-
ber or plastic. Water goes through 
a hose. T^T; ^ 
^ t ^ Wf TTPTt ̂ Ff "Qcfr T«fPT ^ 
^Fft W W: % WT STTcft t . 
house A building where people live. 
TJf; WFT. 
hut A small building made from wood. 
hyena 
( ^ T T ) 
A fierce animal which looks a bit 
like a wolf. c r l ^ ^ m . 
hose 
(im) 
iceberg A very large lump of ice float-
(OTifwf) ing in the sea. f a n femsU 
ice cream A soft frozen food. Ice cream 
is made from milk and sugar. 
ice skate A special kind of shoe with a 
sharp metal piece fixed to 
the bottom. ^ "̂ R f ^ d ^ 
c fM ĉTT. 
icicle A thin long piece of ice which 
(aijR-icbd) hangs from a roof in very cold 
weather, d<i+d1 
igloo Eskimos used to live in igloos. An 
( ^ i ) igloo is made from large pieces of 
hard snow. mJHhI^ . 
iron Something which is made of 
(srwR) metal with a flat part under-
neath. You make an iron hot and 
rub it over clothes to smooth 
them. M ^pft ^ftrt . 
island A piece of land which has sea 
all round it. i f a ; ZPJ. 
ivy A green plant with shiny leaves, 
(srrfft) Ivy climbs up walls. R u W ^ t WT 
35 
insect A small creature with six legs. 
(3-Atixi) Ants and flies are insects, 
jacket a short coat. 
( ^ r f ^ ) 
jack-in-the-box 
(^cp-^i-^-cffcm) 
A toy which looks like a 
box. When you open 
the lid a doll pops out. 
ftfsTCT 3 f^TT §37T 
T ^ T O K ^ T fedk. 
jack knife ( ^ p ^ i p ) A large pocket knife 
^ S j ^ N which has many different 
blades. "̂ T 
^MT •̂ RfT. 
jaguar 
(u|Jc|W) 
36 
A fierce wild animal which looks 
something like a leopard. 
jam A very sweet food which is made 
by boiling soft fruit and sugar 
together. "fC^T; sixTR; t M 
^ f t . 
jay A bird with blue, brown and pink 
feathers, il<ncbu<3 ^aft. 
jeans Trousers made from blue cotton 
material. ^ ^ 
jeep A very strong kind of motor car. A 
(wfa) jeep will go over very rough roads. 
TTRjt; Fc^T W T ^ 
3W5|T -J^RT ^ f r l f . 
jelly A wobbly kind of food made from 
(vitcft) fruit juice and sugar. 'gi^T; Tfrst 
w ^ p B i r i 
jellyfish A sea animal with a soft body. 
^cflfogi) It looks like an umbrella. 
"^Icn^fKt TOeft. 
iersey Something you wear on the top 
(«!#) part of your body. A jersey is 
often made from wool. 
^ f t "gJcff. 
jewel A special stone which is worth a 
lot of money. A diamond is a 
jewel, TFf. 
A container for liquids. A jug 
has a handle and a special 
place for the liquid to come 
out of the top. =fF 
3 faehMI 3fR ^ m t . 
jungle A very thick forest found in hot 
(yFTct) countries. "^FM; ^T. 
37 
jockey A person who rides on a race 
(weft) horse. ^T ^ faT ^ W K . 
jigsaw puzzle 
(fvFraTTiylcT) 
A picture which has been 
cut up into small pieces. 
These pieces are then 
fixed together. % 
Z ^ f oFt 3 W T 
jug 
( W T ) 
kangaroo An animal which lives in 
( V r e ) Australia. A kangaroo hops 
on its back legs. STR^f^TT 
src^ % wte crm % ®r| 
% sfcft ftcft t . 
key Something you use to open a lock, 
(eft) A key is made of metal. ^rat; 
^ j f t ; cTToTl". 
- I u ^ 
I O O U 
keyhole A hole in which you put a key 
(•jft to unlock a door. "̂ TRt cTHPt F̂T 
kid A baby goat. ^ R t ^T W^H. 
kettle A metal container used for boiling 
water. A kettle always has a han-
dle. 
kilt A skirt with lots of pleats. People 
(face) who live in Scotland sometimes 
wear kilts. fwlTPTf 
king A man who rules a country. A king 
(fcfrrr) is a very important man. 
TRT; ^T; M J ; ^ T . 
kennel a house for a dog. ^frff % 
38 
knot It is made by tying two pieces of 
(^fte) string together, "nfe. kite A kind of toy which goes up into 
(<pt&) the air on a long piece of string. 
kitten (ftse^) A baby cat. M ^T ^rai. 
knee 
m 
The middle part 
bends. ^TT. 
leg which 
knife A sharp piece of metal joined to a 
(ht?^) handle. You cut things with a 
knife, ^ f l ^ ; sfft. 
knight 
W O 
kingfisher A bird with bright blue feath-
ers. A kingfisher lives near a 
river, -cmle) W I ^ M I W f ; 
i m f W n . 
kipper A herring which has been dried 
(ftjOR) in smoke. ^ 3 RpiTf w!" HsSdl 
kitchen The place in a house where 
(fctjrR) you do the cooking. TFTf 
A soldier who lived a long time 
ago. ^ f t ; 
knuckle The part of your finger which 
( w c O bends, i f t ; F̂T ̂ ffe. 
39 
A special kind of string you use to 
fasten shoes. ^ ^ F f cfiT "tftcFT. 
ladder A set. of steps made from two 
( cW) long planks of wood with small 
ieces between them. A 
dder can be made of 
metal. You climb up a 
7/ ladder. ^ M ; 
>n which looks like a ladle A big spoon wnicn IOOKS liKe a 
(pTSci) cup on the end of a long handle. 
I a m b A baby sheep. ' ^ rT ; 
( f t * ) 
40 
eFi 
pmp A light in the street. 
f t a lRT , ^ ^ T c T l t W T . 
lantern A lantern is made from metal 
with glass sides. You usually put 
a candle in a lantern to give you 
light. dldcH; eb^lel. 
lark A small bird which sings as it flies 
(oTPfc) in the sky. ^ cfT̂ T "q^ft; cT̂ T. 
lasso A rope with a loop on the end. You 
catch horses and cattle with a 
lasso, ^ s f f eft ej5T "q^j. 
lemon a yellow very sour fruit, i f ^ 
(et'FT) 
lawnmower 
(cfH^ER) 
A machine used for cutting 
grass. W ^iz^f # 1 . 
leaf It is green and grows on plants 
and trees, w t ; 
leap frog 
(•̂ ta tptt) 
leopard A fierce animal which looks like 
(cfcni) a large cat. tgsfT. 
letter 
letter 
( c t e f ) 
A message which is written down 
on paper and then put in an enve-
lope. M m TR^T; 
A mark that stands for a sound we 
say. Words are made from letters. 
leg We have two legs. We walk with 
them. They are joined to our body. 
lettuce A plant with big green leaves, 
(crfcm) You eat lettuce without cooking 
it. ^ t cTCF ^T -qffaT; ^ 
41 
A game in which one person 
jumps over another. ^ 
t w c f ^ f f^T Rsldl^l % TT 
H=hdr) f . 
lighthouse A tall tower with a big flash-
ing light. A lighthouse helps 
ships to know where they 
are in the dark. W T 
( h h M H 
lifeboat 
(cfT^p e fe ) 
litter bin A container in which to put 
(fcT^fim) your rubbish. 
42 
lizard A small animal with four legs and 
(fcfMri) a long tail. 
lobster A small sea animal with a hard 
(c f iw?) shell and five pairs of legs. 
The front legs have sharp 
claws. "Q̂ R "G^R °FT 
log A round piece of wood which has 
(efFi) been cut from a tree, dob-si ̂ FT cjp̂ T 
lollipop A large sweet on the end of a 
(chTc^nn) stick. "Q r̂ ^ "spsff ^ pHdii 
A special fast boat which res-
cues people in the sea. w N h 
TO ^ T ; T r g ^ 3 ^ f ^ w f ^Ft 
W^fi ^ cfft m 
lion 
(eTRR) 
A large wild animal found in Africa 
and other countries. f w . 
luggage All the cases and bags you 
(crftra) take with you when you go 
away, ^ f t F̂T UPTFT. 
Small, pretty balls made of 
glass. 3?%; ^ r % t IQ^ ^ 
net ( t ^ te ) A piece of metal which 
can pull other pieces of 
metal to it. 
marionette A puppet which you move 
with strings. fleT^-fcT^ ^ f t 
obdJidei). 
mask 
magpie 
(Vn^) 
A black and white bird which is 
very noisy. "J^ffcft W 
^ cT«TT i ^ f T̂ToTT ̂ TtfWT 
f f f l t r t i i r -
mallet 
(̂ rfcTC) 
A wooden hammer, (n^sl ^T 
mast 
(•mrs) 
magnifying glass 
•'eTR?) 
A glass which can 
makethings look 
much bigger than 
they really are. f t 1 7 ! 
Something you wear over your 
face to hide it or protect it. =t->iJitf; 
^ n f e ^ anfc ^T-goffer. 
A tall pole on the deck of a boat. It 
holds the sail up. t t ^ , % 
i f eFMT f31T c ^ T t z i f̂ RT ^ 
W f ^ fa l W t . 
map A drawing which shows you how . . , x . , . , mat Apiece of thick material you put on 
(tm) to find your way to somewhere. /jSl_, r „ , r 
TO t h e f l o o r - ^ 
43 
marbles 
match A thin piece of wood with a spe-
cial tip. This tip makes fire when 
you strike it against something. 
"Tlf̂ RT; R i l W d l i 
mattress A very thick pad which goes 
on a bed. "H Î. 
maze A place with lots of paths all 
(•ifri) crossing each other. You can get 
lost in a maze. ^cT-^^TT. 
meat Parts of an animal used for food, 
( i fe) »IHcK"f °FT TTRT; 
medal A piece of metal like a coin. You 
(Tt̂ cT) W7~i a r e g i v e n a m e d a l you 
i do something brave. ^ T ^ ; 
WTT; faw. 
melon A large 
( ^ p r ) juicy fruit. 
44 
mermaid A make-believe sea fairy with 
( w r ^ ) the tail of a fish. *idH<l; "RcFf 
^TT. 
merry-go-round 
(^fr-Tft-xn^u^) 
A large wooden plat-
form with wooden 
animals on it. A 
merry-go-round is 
sometimes called a 
roundabout. W I ^ 
microphone 
An instrument which makes sound louder. 
3TfcTR ffaf ^ ^lefT 
microscope 
(HIs^WIM) 
An instrument which you 
use to look at very small 
things. ^ T O f ^RT. 
mink A small animal with soft fur. The 
(•fiftp) fur of a mink is very valuable. 
monkey A small animal which can 
(Tfcft) climb trees and swing from 
branch to branch. A monkey 
can be very clever. °TFK. 
moon It looks like a large bright light in 
the sky at night. The moon 
seems to change its shape each 
night. ^ j r r . 
mirror A piece of glass with silver paint-
(ftr?) ed on the back. You can see 
yourself in a mirror, ^ f r l ; snf̂ TT; 
Htm. 
mole A small animal which lives under 
(ifta) the ground. 
mop A sponge on a long handle. You 
(Tfm) clean the floor with a mop. 
"sft W F % W 
3MT t . 
mosaic Lots of little pieces of glass or 
(Htyl^cb) stone put together to make a 
picture. ^ M ; TW; t M % jpFTff 
^ F t f ^ F̂TFTT; 45 
minnow 
im) 
A very small fish. ^ T̂T cITcTM 
TJcF Wtzt 
mitten 
( f t * 0 
A covering for the hand. A mitten 
like a glove but with one 
for all the fingers and 
one place for the thumb. IT^T 
^RTHT; ftraS •snff 
"3E7I?T cTSTT 3T^T STeFT 
f̂ FTT "STTcTT t . 
milk 
( to ) 
A white liquid food. ^T. 
mouse A small animal with a long tail. 
mouth The opening in your face where 
("RT^ar) you put your food and drink. 
mug A big cup which usually has 
( t f t ) straight sides. ^ W^f ^HT 
mushroom A small plant. When it is 
(H¥i>hH) growing in the ground it 
looks like an umbrella. 
mosquito a small flying insect. 
(TFHcfajt) 
motor boat A boat that is run by a 
motor. TTO^ 3 W f w f t 
motor cycle Something which looks 
(?Ttcr? like a large heavy bicycle. 
It is run by a motor. 
"^fef^ w f t r̂rrT •HlSfaxrl. 
46 
mosque A place where Muslims 
worship. TTfcsR. 
mountain 
(HIvfc^H) 
A very high rocky hill, 
net Material which has lots of holes in. 
You use a net to catch fish. "RWft 
nail A small thin piece of metal with a 
flat top Jftpd a point at the other 
encU^fT ; 
neck The part of the body which joins 
(•^tp) the chest to the head. fJ^T; W . 
net Net can be made with wire. You 
use this to make a fence or a cage. 
HNMM; sfcteT-W^ cfit ^ HFTf 3 
tW^Tt^cf ^ F f cTTeTT ̂ IM. 
nettle 
( t̂ecT) 
necklace 
(̂ cbelVH) 
nectarine 
A piece of jewellery worn 
round the neck. ^ ^T f K . 
A sweet juicy fruit which 
Qlooks like a peach. *I4-K1I<3: TffteTT W f . 
A thin piece of metal with a 
sharp point at one end and a 
hole at the other. 
nest A place where birds lay their eggs, 
ost birds build their own nests. 
newspaper Large printed sheets of 
( " i ^ m ) paper which tell you what 
has happened. *WMK TO. 
nib 
(ftw) 
newt A small creature with a long tail. It 
can live on land and in water. 
CT?JT 3 Tf -^Run f . 
The point of a pen. The ink comes 
through the nib when you write. 
^ R ^ t - j ^ f T̂FT TT feRrn « 
A weed Which stings you if you 
touch the leaves. <fd<K "qfxPff cT®TT 
47 
nine The number between eight and 
ten. 3Tf3 ^ T % •sft̂ T "^ff W H : 
ninepins 
(HÎ HRvH) 
A game where you try to 
knock over wooden sticks 
with a ball, t ^ î TT ftrctf 
^ r̂ ^ ^f fwn T̂CTT 
nose Part of your face you breathe 
( f̂tyT) through. You have two holes in 
your nose. These are called nos-
trils. H m 
note book A book of paper which you 
(^tefcp) write in. ^Ff t ; |jfw=bl. 
nun A woman who lives in a convent 
and prays to God a lot of the time. 
^ ^PTTftH TT3 i f TPR 
w t i 
nurse A person who looks after sick 
people. sR^lRphl; Wft; 
48 
nut The seed of a tree, ^ m w f ; 
^qRt; HlRild 3nf^ ^ f ^T 
nut A piece of metal which you screw 
(•rcl^svon to the end of a bolt. 
Something you use to 
break the hard shell of a 
nut so that you can eat the 
inside. TlftaT; ^ I S W ^ 
m 
nuthatch A small pretty bird which likes 
(^rclti) to eat nuts. M W l ^ ^icll 
nutcrackers 
(Hethcjj^) 
noose A circle of rope made by tying a 
slip knot. When you pull 
the long end of the rope 
the loop gets smaller. 
T ^ ^ t f t f ^ J . 
nightgown Something girls wear when 
(Hij<midH) t h e y 9 ° t 0 b e d - ^ ^ 
octagon A shape with eight sides. 
(3Tf^H) 3TB ofMt 3TT^T. 
oar A pole with a flat end. You use two 
[sfft) oars to row a boat. ""TcRR. 
omelette A food which is made by beat-
ing eggs and frying them. 3Toi 
T̂PTT "TqT 
11 
o n e The lowest number. ^fHf ^ t 
WTT: Voa. 
octopus 
(wfcf^m) 
A sea creature which has eight 
arms, srra ^T«rf ^TT 
oak 
(3Ttcf>) 
A large tree which lives for a very 
long time. WcJcT ̂ T i f o 
_ry 
(arayTEfeff) 
A building with special 
telescopes inside for 
watching stars. f ^ J W f l ; 
W Ic^TTR ^ ^ f t r̂ffcT 
cfi^ =FT M l . 
orchard A place where lots of fruit trees 
grow, "q^f ^T ®fFT. 
49 
oboe 
(afWl) 
A musical instrument. W T l f ; 
onion (3T^T!r) A round vegetable which 
grows under the ground. 
An onion has a very 
strong smell. "^TM. 
orange Orange is a colour. It is also a 
(aftfita) fruit. TRTCT; w f t i j ] . 
orchestra Lots of people playing musi-
cal instruments. 
orchid (arrcffcg) Brightly coloured flow-
ers. Large ones grow in 
hot countries or in a hot 
greenhouse in colder 
countries. Small orchids 
grow wild. ^ 
TJjeflf cfMT 
m 1 
organ A big musical instrument with 
black and white notes like a 
piano, f w f t 
osprey a 
ostrich A very large bird which cannot o w l A bird which usually flies at night, 
(OTR^t) fly. An ostrich has long legs and («reei) Owls catch and eat small ani-
50 
can run very fast. m a l s -
otter 
( a f t e * ) 
A fish-eating animal which lives 
near a river. It is not easy to see 
an otter. ^ faciM. 
sea eagle. Tnj^f ^ffa. 
outboard motor A motor which goes 
(aivjedU on the outside of a 
boat. TO % ^WT eFlt 
i t iq ta ; P r . 
oven The part of a cooker where you 
(3frcR) put food in to bake. P®Mdl ^ t ^ 
3 T S M ^ e f T . 
overalls Something you wear on top 
(artcROT?^) of your clothes to keep them 
clean. ^TT; <rH«l 3TT^ ^ 
=bl«sll} % chKl 'K mfa 
Another name for a bucket. ^Te^t; 
^cHMM. 
paddle A long thin piece of wood with a 
(%5ct) flat piece at each end. You use 
a paddle to make a canoe go 
along in the water. "^P^ 
TOR. 
paint A liquid you paint on something to 
( ^ e ) make it a different colour. FI; 
pail 
page One side of a piece of paper in a 
(^3f) ^ ^ ^ .book. W . 
Hill 
J U U 
pagoda a Chinese temple. WTH; 
(MSI) 3TTf̂ % ^ - q f ^ . 
palm A tree which grows in hot coun-
(wr ) tries. cfTf ^T cfTf 
palm 
(rim) 
The inside surface of your hand. 
pancake A food you make with 
' eggs, flour and milk. A pan-
panda (^st) 
cake is very thin, fapl; ^telT. 
A small animal with red-
dish-brown fur. A giant 
panda is a large black and 
white animal which lives in 
China. "CRJ. 
51paddock A small field. *IH<=|0' ^T W51; 
padlock A lock which is movable. 
<r1cich^ ^TcTT rTTcTT. 
pane A thin piece of glass which goes 
in a window frame. Rsl4<=bl Wi t 
panther [An animal like1 
parcel Something wrapped up in paper path A road which you walk on. Cars 
( w f a ) and tied with string or sticky (TJW) and bicycles do not ride on a oath, 
tape. ^ e T ; TO1; Wf . 
park A large garden usually in a town, 
(irrfc) People and children can walk and 
play in a park. "3UFT; ^TfcFT; ®prfar. 
passenger A person who rides in a car, 
( M ^ H ) bus, train or aeroplane, ^rrat; 
^TT 3TTR "TPST 
parasole An umbrella which shades 
you from the sun. "Sfei M i l . 
paper clip A piece of bent metal which 
("taR'foem) fixes sheets of paper 
together. W l t j^t TfT«r 
W t T?^ % tcTQ; ?IR, T̂RJ Tf 
krlirUcb ^ t ^Fft M 
•---x- ( ^ i ^ j d ) A large round piece 
of cloth with strings 
attached to the edge. You 
use a parachute when you 
have to fall a long way in 
the sky. f ^ l f WTt 
STCT t w r ^ L ^ t ^ 
parrot A bird with bright feathers. 
People sometimes keep parrots 
as pets because you can teach 
them to talk. cffcTT. 
patchwork Lots of little pieces of mate-
rial sewn together to make a 
pretty cover. f ^ r - f ^ M 3TFFR 
CT«TT "?rff w f ^ r f % ^ F f f 3 
52 
paw j h e soft foot of an animal. ^T 
W Hl^-Kk W . 
pea A vegetable which looks like a 1 it— 
(iff) tie green ball. Lots of peas grow 
together in a green case called a 
pod. iTO. 
peach A sweet juicy fruit with a big seed 
(Tfrer) in the middle. 
pear 
pebble 
(ifacl) 
The juicy fruit of the pear tree. 
rnrr - I W H I D L 
Small round stones. You can 
find lots of pebbles on a beach. 
""TcSR; "5fcT "Ŝ neT 3 f̂ RT 
Wi ^ f i r t j f t "q?SR. 
peg A piece of wood or plastic with a 
(fa) metal spring. You hang the washing 
p with pegs, g^f p " ^ T 
M i w , sncj^T 
^ n f e ^ ^ i f W i . 
Pekingese 
A small dog with very short legs. 
^QlNH W f f WIT ^ "̂ T ̂ uTT. 
pelican A large water bird. A pelican 
(^fofcfR) has a big pouch underneath its 
beak. h^Rî T TlFf WfT ®T5T T T ^ 
•qaft. 
pen Something which writes in ink. 
(faf) ^ftsFft; W l . 
pendulum A heavy weight found in 
(fa?om) some big clocks. A pendu-
lum swings backwards and 
forwards and makes the 
clock keep time, ^ s t ^T 
WR. 
53 
pencil A thin piece of wood with lead 
Qjpwn the middle. You write and 
with a pencil. You can rub it 
if you wish. 
54 
petro 
(^ teO 
penguin A bird which lives in the 
(trf^cR) Antarctic. A penguin can swim 
but it cannot fly. ^ f e t "^t 
The liquid used in cars to make 
the engine go. "^Jfcf Tlf^R ^cT ^ 
FFf ^ T̂eTFTT ̂ n 1 
perch A wooden bar in a cage for a bird 
(TTCJ) to sit on. "F^f t 3 # f f % F̂iT 
petticoat Something which can be worn 
( ^ t e t e ) under a dress. WTT. 
p l J ^ a } n t A bird whicFT lives in woods. 
Some people shoot pheasants 
and eat them. WIc [ Tffff 
perfume A sweet smelling liquid made 
(T R T^ ) from the petals of flowers, 
periscope An instrument used in sub-
(^RWln) marines. A periscope lets 
you see what is happening 
on the top of the water. 
W ? f f ^ f t ^ f q ^ t 
^ f t ^ N k f ^ re r m^wiil 3 
t . 
petal Part of a flower. "f^T 
photograph A picture made by a 
OleliUfr) camera. t ^ f ; 
A long thin flag which is 
pointed at one end. cTWf w f t 
^MTcTT^T. 
photographer 
( W t t t ^ r ) 
A person who takes 
pictures with a camera. 
pennant 
(faRe) 
Something you eat made with pas-
try on the outside and fruit or meat 
in the middle. •^Pn. 
pig An animal which is kept on a farm, 
(ftm) When we eat pig we call it pork. 
pianist 
( t i ^ R e ) 
A person who plays a piano. 
fosfFtr 
- ' — ^ 
piano A musical instrument. You hit the 
( i ^ f t ) black and white keys to make the 
sound. "Ŝ FR T̂T ̂ FTI. 
pigeon A bird which can be wild or tame. 
("PtaR) / - ^P igeons are clever and can 
nd their way home from a 
long way away. 
pike A rather fierce fish found in 
(TT^P) rivers. "̂ Teft Weft . 
pill A small ball which is medicine. A 
("fteT) pill.is small enough to swallow. 
n / ^ r f t i M ; ^cnf fdr+^i. 
pillar A wooden or stone post which 
("ftcrc) helps to hold up a building. 
55 
piccolo A musical instrument like a 
small flute. A piccolo 
makes a very high sound. 
picture A drawing, painting or photo-
( f t i ^ ) graph. Sometimes you hang a 
picture on the wall. t̂ TJT; ci'wk. 
pillar box A bright red box in the street to 
(ftcR encRT) post your letters in. ^-tffeBT. 
pillow A bag^-filled with sofTrrlSterial. 
You put your head on a pillow 
when you sleep. ftKSHl. 
pilot A person who flies an aero-
(m ĉHc;) plane. f ^TH "̂ TMcF. 
pin A small thin piece of metal like a 
(for) nail. f*H; ^ M P r 
pineapple A large fruit which grows in 
( W ^ r a ) J p t countries. It has a very 
thick skin. 3RHRT. 
pink A colour made from red and white, 
(ficp) TJcTRt cTSTT ^T 
pipe A hollow tube that liquids run 
( ^ i ) through, ^ f t . 
pipe You can put tobac-
On^q) co in a pipe 
smoke it. 
pirate A person who used to rob 
(TTî reO treasure from a ship at sea. You 
read about pirates in story 
books. ^ g ^ t g^TT; 
pistol A small gun. f ^ f t e f . 
(ftrecT) 
pitchfork A fork with a long handle and 
only two spikes. You lift 
hay with a pitchfork. 
T̂T w ^T cffe. 
56 
pizza A flat cake of dough with a tasty 
(ftyn) topping. It comes from Italy. 
i ^ T F f ^ J R ( T M M ) . 
plank A thick flat piece of wood. 
-̂ rST Tflzj e T ^ t oFT ^rgn. 
<rPKJT 
platform Part of the floor which is high-
er than the rest. You can also 
see a platform at a railway sta-
tion. It is always higher than 
the railway lines. ^ ^ K i ; 
"S^R cFT ^cRT; ^TT ^T 
% " ^ T ^ ^ ^ f t W T ^ T ^ 
Wft f . 
plug All electric machines have a plug 
on the end of the flex. This joins 
it to the electricity 
supply. ^T ^ 
"mf wrai ^WT^ l f ^ 
^ffl^S % 3 WTRt f . 
TJP 
plum the 
plumber A person who fixes water 
pipes. cTTFf T̂T ^fer ^ 
pocket A small bag fixed to your coat, 
(wfce) trousers or dress. You can keep 
your money in a pocket. 
polar bear 
(TTteTC "̂ TC) 
e white bear. 
pole A long round stick. W ^ l WTT ^ fa 
(tfcr) f ^ T ^ ^T ^ t . y 
plaster A piece of material with sticky 
(kHi*ri>0 ends. You put plaster 
on a cut to stop it from 
getting dirty. ^ T f ^ t 
plug 
(WT) 
A piece of rubber or plastic you 
put in the hole in the sink to stop 
water from running away. 
^ f ^ n Wen t . 
A soft juicy fruit with a stone in 
middle. a f l ^ ^s lK I "TI 
polecat A small animal like a weasel. 
police 
(TTrî TH) 
People who see that other peo-
ple do not break the law. 
TT̂ ^ r a w *K«*>Kl 
WIT. 
poppy A bright red flower which grows 
(Tfnft) wild, ^i ' ldl ""TteT "feT. 
porcupine An animal like a giant rat 
(MK^MI^H) covered with long prickles. 
W t . 
polo 
("cftoTt) 
postcard ( M l ^ i i ) A small piece of card. 
write a message on a post-
card and send it in the post. 
î RT "CR T m fa<sl=b< 
^rer ^ r t ^RT wm t . 
A game played by people sitting 
on horses and hitting a ball with a 
stick. "tftoTt TOf T̂T T§teT, ^ft ^ "<R 
porpoise A sea animal like a small 
( w r a ) whale. 
B ^ n porthole A window in a ship. Portholes 
^ ^ ^ C ^ ^ f ) are usually round. TftHt ^ F^T 
(TM) 
poodle A small dog with curly hair. 
Oĵ e?) ^ R T ^ ^RTf ^MT T̂rTT. 
58 
postman 
(TTt^T) 
? 
A person who delivers our letters. 
potato A vegetable which grows in the 
ground. Most people like to eat 
potatoes 3TRJ. 
post office A place to buy 
stamps and to post parcels. 
^RT wrc f t mtecf f . 
A container used to hold liquid. You 
make tea in a tea pot. ^cfa. 
; Q Q J 
- y - \ j — — 
projector A machine which is used to 
(t f tvto^) show films. ^ ""TC f ^ r Rtell} 
propeller A blade which goes round 
( M e w ) and round very fast to make 
an aeroplane or ship go for-
ward. ^ i f 
prince The son of a king or queen, 
(ffan) <M$HK. 
princess The daughter of a king or 
( f lRta) queen. <M$Hlfl. 
prison A building where people who do( t o n ) wrong things are locked up. ^fcT; 
f^TT WcTT t . 
puddle A small pool of water. 
(TTSeT) cTTeM. 
puffin A bird which has a beak like a 
parrot. Puffins live near the sea. 
TOf l e f l ^ f ^TT^ 
iTffa cTcM ^ f t ftcft t . 
59 
pyjamas A jacket and trousers people 
(m j^mm) wear in bed. ^ f t 3 
WfT IJKMWI; "q̂ T qKcffa 
pylon A big metal tower which holds 
(Mi^cilH) up electric cables. "f^cT ÎTCT ^ f 
^T^Ft w n "̂ ten T̂RJ ^TI "st^n. 
pump A machine which pushes air or 
(•q^r) liquid into a container. You use a 
pump to put air into your bicycle 
tyre. ^T^ft ^ i T l i t o 3 
pupil The black part of your eye. 
(^sjftol) offi W i l Wl. 
puppet A doll moved by string 
(Trffc) your hand. "^H^cTcft. 
purple A colour made with red and blue, 
(tpfa) "SWt VT; WcT cTSTT ^ f FT trow. 
puppy A young dog. 
(Vft) 
purse A small bag to put your money in. 
60 python (TTT^ft) A very big snake. 3RTR 
pyramid A solid building which looks like 
four triangles meeting at a point 
on the top. ^SFf iR '^cF^; cf^ 
IFFRcT f ^ T ^ ^ fagsi ^ f t ^ f t 
f cT̂TT ^ R t W1 f^fclT ĉTT f . 
quads Four children born to the same 
(cwI^h) mother at the same time, t j^t Tf 
W , ^ t fTTcTT ^ ^prf ^ 
i . 
quarry A place where stone is dug out 
fttfffi) of the earth. Tfdt WT; j f t f e 
m ^ i 
quay A place where ships are tied to the 
(eft) land, "^nrf ""R ̂ Tirra 37T ^ f 
cTSTT ^ c t f . 
queen A woman who rules a country. 
(cftfR) Tpft. 
A pen made from a feather. W 
(fora) ctf cfJcTTT. 
quilt A warm cover to go on 
(force) bed. " M i 
rabbit A small animal with long ears. 
Some rabbits are tame and live 
in hutches but most of them are 
raccoon A small wild animal. A raccoon 
(Tap?) has a long bushy tail with 
black rings. cT«TT tfq^TC t ^ 
iTI % ^sF siR f f t f . 
A bat with strings. You play ten-
nis with a racket. T̂T ^UPHcH 
radiator A radiator is made of metal. It 
O f^cN) usually has hot water inside. 
is keeps a room warm. ^ T t 
radishes Small red vegetables which 
(^fMirur) you eat raw in a salad. TJeft. 
race track 
S2 
A path where a race is run. 
raft Bits of wood fixed together to 
(>nwe) make a flat kind of boat. % 
^ s T igt TO. 
rain Drops of water which fall out of the 
(^ t ) clouds. cT f̂; ^ ^ t ^ f ^ 
^fT^Tf 3 -pTCTt f . 
racket 
rainbow A band of beautiful colours 
O^rat) sometimes seen in the sky. 
rattle snake A poisonous snake. When 
CtecTTtoJ) it shakes its tail it rattles. 
"QcF x ^ f l d l P^cbl ^ 
F̂Tcfr t . 
rake A garden tool with a long handle 
and metal teeth. %f t , "<#31, W 
r a m A male 
rattle Atoy for a baby. fFfpT; 
(feci) 3M5T3?T#t 
raven A big black bird with very shiny 
(^cn) feathers. "̂ TcTI 
razor Something very sharp used to 
( W ) shave hair off your skin. 
recorder A musical instrument which 
(RchT-^0 you blow. 
r e t l A colour. Your lips are red. ^TM; cTTeT 
iTT. 63 
rectangle 
( ^ r a ) 
A shape with four sides. 
3TR<T; ^ STT^FCT 3TFT% 
ft. 
sheep. ^R 
raspberry 
rat An animal which looks like a large 
(fe) mouse. "^T. 
A small soft red fruit. W R t . 
refrigerator TTcupbo J?! ""WMichis made 
(^ f i t i u i ^ ) cold by electricity or gas. The 
cold helps to keep 
food fresh. M V q f t =Ft 
^ WcfFf w t TRTH 
rhubarb 
.T53 
aooc 
A very large wild animal 
with thick skin. 
A plant with thick red stalks. We 
cook the stalks and eat them. 
We do not eat the 
-P leaves. 
ribbon A narrow piece of silk or velvet. 
Girls sometimes wear ribbon in 
their hair. "tffclT. 
reindeer A kind of deer with~^kry large 
horns. Reindeer live in cold 
countries. Wf tPTT; fiftq. 
Leather straps used to guide a 
horse. cTTFf; ':cn:rl 'SR ĵff 
3TRTT f . 
ribs j h e bones in your ches£ H^RTI-M! 
(•fteff) 
rice The hard seeds of a plant which 
grows in hot countries. When you 
cook rice it goes soft. 
revolver 
(RclTccN) 
64 
A kind of pistol. f^ f rcT; W^TT. 
A piece of metal in the shape of a 
circle. You wear a ring on your 
finger. # J 3 t ; "gf^T. 
•rhinoceros 
( w r t f t r ^ O 
reins 
ring 
(fto) 
road A hard path made for cars and lor-
(Tte) ries. TT̂ TT. 
river Water which flows down fromtr 
(ftcR) hills into the sea. ^ T T . 
rocking chair A chair which goes back-
(•TffctrrT ̂ n ) wards and forwards when 
you sit in it. I jy l^ ^Teft 
robin /\ s m a | | bird with a red breast. cTTeT 
(Tff^T) ^ cfTcft M^TT. 
rod 
( T f e ) 
A thin piece of wood. It 
usually has very thin string 
on one end for fishing. 
roller skates Special boots which have 
(^cR^^^sn) wheels on them, ^ f i b r % 
roof ( w ) The covering on top of a building. 
The roof of a house is often 
made of tiles, m ^ W . 
rocking horse 
(TrfcfcTf I^Rf) 
A toy horse which goes 
backwards and for-
wards when you sit on 
it. ^ F * « 
rock A very large stone. "SsjcT ftMPTT 
rocket A machine which is shot up into 
(Tff^cr) space. sRTfer 3 ^ ^tt -m . 
rock candy A thin stick of sweet. 
* 
65 
The part of any plant which grows 
under the ground. ; ̂ T̂T "^f =FT 
HFT wfa 3 WcTT t . 
rope very thick string. THTT. 
m 
rose A flower which has a lovely smell. 
roundabout 
kJ<S||Ni>c) 
Something you see at the 
fair. You sit on it and go 
round and round. sJefT. 
rubber Soft material you use to rub out 
drawings or writing which are 
wrong. W f . 
rubber band 
(YSR eT^) 
A piece of very thin rubber 
joined together to make a 
circle. A rubber band 
stretches. °F>T 
ruby A red jewel. crTM ^ " > # 1 . 
rudder 
(to) 
A piece of wood or metal on the 
back of a boat. A rudder moves 
to make the boat go different 
ways. ^ F j f "JTT TI^ ^ MdcfK. 
rug 
OR) 
A small piece of carpet, sometimes 
called a mat. =hldlH. 
rowing boat 
(YtFT ^rfs) 
66 
A boat which needs oars 
to move it along. TTOK ^ft 
WfWT 3 Wrt i ^Tcft TO. 
rung 
( * T ) 
A step on a ladder. "TT % w f 
root 
a large bag made of cloth, ^tn. 
W 
saddle 
j fara) 
A leather seat which goes on the 
back of a horse. A rider sits in 
the saddle, ^ t i RT WW* ^ ^ re t ; 
salmon 
( W T R ) 
sail A piece of strong 
( - ^ j ) material fixed to the 
mast of a boat. The 
sail catches the wind 
and makes the boat 
move. RM; ^ F̂PTfT 
A big fish which has pink flesh, 
^ t % JJdl41 TT % "RRT "̂ Tcfl" H^t 
sand 
(m 
Tiny grains of rock. You see lots of 
sand at the seaside and in deserts. 
sandwich Two pieces of bread and but-
ter with some tasty food in 
between, "gol̂ f f t ^ t ^ ^t 
"RRT WTT f t 
sausage Meat minced up and put into thin 
(^ftftra) skins. W ^ ^ R T (RRT^r W i t 
^ET^ f̂ ^RcR; ®FTFTT T̂Tcn %). 
saw A metal blade with sharp 
teeth down one side and a 
handle on the end. You 
cut wood with a saw. 3TTTt; 
3TRT. 
saxophone musical instrument you 
blow. "qtcfcT cfrr cira ^ WR TNF 
"RR% TT 33TR 3TMi5f ^RcIT I . 
scarecrow Something which is put into 
a field to frighten the birds. It 
usually looks like a person 
but it is not. RfSTCt ^ ^ P f =FI 
"JcTcTT. 
67 
W 
scarf A long thin piece of material you 
(̂ PTC)) wear round your neck to keep 
you warm. ^T f l ; 
school A place where you go to learn. 
HldVIMI. 
schooner a large sailing ship. ^ "R^Jcff 
WTT fT35T ^ t f cfMT *1d4)d. 
scissors 
(l^yTyf) 
scorpion 
(WRfr jR 
These are like two knives fixed 
together You cut material 
and paper with scissors. 
A creature like a big spider. A 
scorpion has a long tail 
and it can sting you. f ^ J . 
screw A thin piece of metal like a nail 
but it has grooves in it. 
68 
screwdriver You use this to put screws 
into wood. 
scroll A foil of papeP f37T WFT; 
(rafter) ftnstf % t ^ . 
scrubbing 7C"Erush without a handle, 
brush "TTR̂ r ^ T 7 ! ^ 
(w f^T ?r?i) 
\ ' 
scythe A tool which has a long blade. 
(TFT )̂ YOU cut long grass with a scythe. 
tf^TT; ^TT. 
seagull A bird you see by the sea. 
(^Ticr) ^rgsft^ffa. 
seed The part of a plant from which new 
plants grow. 
seahorse A little sea animal which 
no legs and a curly tail, ^ i w f 
seal 
(#cT) 
A large sea animal. A seal can live 
on land. HtScfl. 
searchlight A very bigtorch which can 
cn^s) shine high in the sky. 
seashell The hard covering of oysters 
and other sea animals. Sea 
shells can be found by 
the sea. It is what is 
left after the animal 
died. 
seaweed A plant which grows in the 
sea. Seaweed is very slippery. 
^ t 3 f f t f cTSTT 
f t f f t t . 
seat 
Cto) 
Something you sit on. f ^ f f . 
seat belt A strong piece of material 
which is fixed to the side of a 
car. You fix it round you to 
keep you safe. TO; ^ 
^TC ^ ^feft M 
seesaw A long piece of wood put over a 
block of wood. You can go up and 
down on a seesaw. d<sd 
^F ^cril fa^-ii 
13M cT̂T 3 3miR WW ftffl t 
cM WR-i l^r tlrf f . 
69 
semicircle 
sentry A soldier standing on guard. 
Half a circle. •artf^rT. 
shark A large sea fish with sharp teeth, 
(rmfc) Some sharks can eat people. ^ 
seven The number between six and eight. 
0&R) WIT : m 
sewing machine 
(•RTtfT TjVPn) 
A machine which sews 
things together. It is 
much quicker than 
sewing by hand. f ^T l f 
70 
shadow A dark patch on the ground 
(f t^t) made when a person or object 
gets in the way of the light. 
^RTT; W i t 
shawl A piece of material worn round 
(Tira) your shoulders to keep you 
warm. ^n<ni. 
shears Very large scissors for cutting 
grass. I N I . 
shed A wooden hut. W F̂T t ^ t H'fcldl 
"RM ifRFT. 
sheep An animal which gives us wool. 
shampoo A liquid soap you use to 
(f jr j jJ wash your hair. M ^T^ 
"̂ T cRcT "cr̂ Tsf. 
sheet A large piece of material used on 
(tfte) a bed. ^n^ ; 'WT^R' fWT^^T s^fe^ 
sheikh 
Otos) 
An arab chief. ^Rf; ^T 
TjfmT. 
shelf A piece of wood fixed to a wall. 
( i m ) You put books and ornaments on 
a shelf. 3TcTTRt ^T T<!°F WTT; TTPTR 
shellfish A sea animal which has a 
(ftcf shell. An oyster is a shellfish. 
Tfpft 3 -̂ Teft "WI-TflH. 
, \Ht> 
shepherd A person ^ h T l o o k s after 
sheep. 'l-^R^I; STT f̂t ^ff 
w •WsMldl W T t . 
shield Aflat piece of metal, wood or plastic 
which you hold in front of yourself 
to stop things hurting you. 
^lef; ^ oTSlf 3 
STN^t TT T̂IcTT t . 
shirt 
A large boat, ^gsft 
A piece of clothing you wear on the 
top part of your body. ^HI.^I. 
shoe Something you wear on your feet. 
(il) ^TT. 
shop A place you go to when you want 
to buy something. 
71 
ship 
(ftm) 
shorts TrousFf^wnTch come above 
( ? T F & ? ) Y O U R knee. ' S F A T ^ft "EJ^ff ^ 
W "TFTT ̂ TTcH t . 
shoulder The part o fyour body where 
your arm joins your body. 
shovel A tool which is like a spade, only 
bigger. WT^T; fen. 
shower a little bit of rain, ^ [ m ; ITft. 
{iwr) 
A r m ? 
shower A spray of water from above. 
( ? T T C R ) You can wash yourself in a 
shower. t ^ K cFT FIR. 
shrew A little animal with fur like velvet. 
A shrew is very shy. 
shrimp 
(ftpq) 
A small sea animal. FJ^ t 
^ % t . 
A container which has a 
bottom with lots of holes in 
it. If you put earth in a sieve 
and shake it all the earth 
falls through the holes and 
the stones stay in the 
sieve. tfd-il; ^ e n l 
signpost Writing on a piece of wood 
(TTT^T1^) or metal which tells you 
where to go. H i ' f ^ * W T . 
silkworm A caterpillar that makes a thin 
(ftrecPcrf) silk thread. ^FT °FT ̂ ftel. 
72 
silo A tall tower used to keep animal 
(Tn^cTt) food in. Tlrft; f i t ""TTHeT, 3HR, 
•^RI 37Tf̂ qR m 
sink 
( f a c p ) 
A place in the kitchen where you 
wash the dirty dishes. 
krllfk«h Sflfc 3 "SFTT THt^R ^T ^ 
T̂®3ft "3FTFF 
^t T̂Tcfr t . 
S IX 
(fftcw) 
The number which comes before 
seven and after five. cT̂TT W 
skeleton 
(-HbfaeH) 
All the bones in your body. 
skis Two long pieces of wood. You 
fasten your boots to skis when 
you want to slide down the snow. cT f̂t % ^ oT^ cT^ f̂ H ""R 3TN 
f tRTcTTT^ f . 
skirt A piece of clothing worn by girls 
and women. ^BT ^TtftRPf 
w m t ^ 3 w f rm t . 
The bone in your head. 
c"T" 
S L l 
skyscraper A very tall building. 
(tmiiSm) "fTRcT. 
sledge Something you sit on and slide 
(Tota) down a hill when it is covered 
with snow. ^ "SR^T f̂ FTT 
sledge hammer A very heavy hammer 
which will break a rock. 
^RZFf W W d ^ t 73 
skipping rope A rope with a handle at 
each end. You turn the 
rope to skip. f ^ T ^ t 
sleeping A warm bag^yStTsleep in 
bag when you go camping. 
( ^ [ f r l t q ) "SMI "51M 
(TcTT^) 
l -WV- <I\XV' H L̂ k j 
slide A long piece of smooth metal 
you can slide down. First you 
have to climb a ladder. 
3f?Tcn fstf 'z IcTTf^ 3 WU f ^RRl 
cT^^ f jRT 
iM'grcr 
cR^fWef 
sling 
( f^Fl) 
A piece of material you tie round 
your arm and neck if you have 
broken your arm. ^T "ret 
cfrt F^ST ""R ^ sffi^ ^ 
«ff*ft "̂ TTcft ' 
slipper A soft shoe worn in the house. 
^TT. 
74 
s ' u 9 A large snail without a shell. 
smoke A kind of dirty cloud which 
( • ^ P ) comes from a fire. 
A small garden creature which 
has a shell on its back. "srfaT. 
snake A long thin creature with no legs. 
(•Fto?) Not all snakes are dangerous. 
# 7 ; ^ f . 
snorkel A tube which you use if you want 
(>HicfeeO to swim underwater. One end 
goes in your mouth and the 
other stays above the water. "^Ht 
% IfflcF ^ cflcft 
Î RT^T WT % W ^ 
3 WIT ÎcTT t CT«TT ^RT W % ^ R 
f ^ f T ^ t m t . 
snout 
(•Hi^e) 
The nose of a pig. ^ t 
=FT f 377 m 
* 0 
<J 
snow Frozen rain. WIT; ^ ^ t ^ r f 
Ont) 
» 6 , 
0 
soldier 
( •^uR) 
snowman A man made out of snow. 
snowplough A machine which can 
(•FTtTcira) P u s h l o t s o f snow off the 
road. i z i ^ ^T 
soap Something you use with water 
(^flq) when you want to get yourself 
clean. W p . 
sombrero A big hat'worn by people in 
(wRtt f ) Mexico. ^ t ^ r f t efft ®rgt 
sock Clothing you wear on your feet. 
sofa A long seat which is soft to sit on. spacecraft A machine which can go up 
( ^ h TfJTqE) into space. ST^rfej 75 
A man in the army. 
The bottom part of your foot or 
your shoe. cTcTT; % ^T cTeT̂T. 
spade 
spaghetti Long thin pieces of white 
food made from flour, eggs 
and water. t f ^ f t r ^ cTSTT 
3 W^t -gf&R ftpf 
W=R7sTRt f . 
sparrow 
(•^f l) 
A little brown and white bird 
often seen in gardens. 
M ^ q i 
spear A long handle with a sharp piece 
(^¥f3R) of metal at one end. A spear is 
used to hurt people and ani-
mals. 
speedometer An instrument in a car 
which tells you how fast 
you are going. 'iTd^m^ 
^T; W f f ^ t TfcT 
spider An insect with eight legs. It 
catches flies in a web. 
spine The bones in your back. The 
( W ^ T ) spine is made of lots of little 
bones joined together, i t e ^ 
springboard 
(ffcrowti) 
The piece of wood hang-
ing over the edge of a 
swimming pool. You jump 
or dive off the spring-
board. cKulc1ld 3 ^ ^ 
^ F f k R WSU. 
A tool for digging the garden. 
spinning wheel 
(RMR'I ^tcT) 
A big wheel which is 
driven by the foot to 
spin wool. "sngf. 
spire 
( W E R ) 
The pointed top of a church 
. f ^ fa r f : ^ f ctft ^rtet -Jn 
76 
sprinkler Something used to w&ter gaY-
( f W ^ ) dens. ^TRt fe^c^ WTT. a
 & 
O M 
spur A piece of sharp metal which is 
(TPTC) worn by cowboys on their boots. 
Spurs are used to make the horse 
30 faster. ^ J ^ N k 
•srajorr TT .̂ 
stadium Rows and rows of seats built 
round a big space. People 
watch sports in a stadium. 
square A shape with four equal straight 
( w f o ) sides. C|J|Uk sn^fcT. 
-
stag a male deer. w f w 
,—TfTT-r 
-fi^sr- stage A platform where people act. 
squirrel A small grey or red animal with t W ^ ^ T C T M . 
a long bushy tail. A squirrel 
lives in trees. PicisO. 
stagecoach A large coach which was 
pulled by several horses. 
Stagecoaches used to 
carry passengers. 
MI4H114I t ^ r f f ^ ^frt ^ 
§ T̂«TT ̂ rrf̂ RTt ^ t ^ ^ 
^ ^ % ^FFf STIcft 
stable (T̂ efcT) A house for a horse. fsSTIeT. 
77 
stairs The steps in a building for getting 
up or down to the next floor. 
tf l f iwi. 
stem The thin green part of a plant. 
( ^ T ) The flower grows on top of the 
stem. =FT cRT. 
A / 
stick A long thin piece of wood, 
(ftep) ^ff w f t 
star A bright light we see in the sky at 
night. cTRT;taKT. 
starfish A flat sea animal with five 
(•^rcfon) arms.This makes it look like a 
star, tan W l . 
stomach This is like a big bag in your 
v H f V ( "^T^) body. The food you eat goes 
^ into your stomach, "fc. 
/ 
stone A small piece of rock. 
station The place where trains stop to 
pick up people and to let people 
off the train. V l ' l l ^ l % ^ 
n^rr f . 
stone The hard seed inside some fruit. 
steak a thick slice of lean meat. TOT ̂ TT stool A little seat with no back. <n<*>s1 
( ^ a ) ^ t t?NTi 
stopwatch 
( WNc)|T) ) 
A special watch which has 
a button to press when you 
want it to stop. You use a 
stopwatch to time races. strawberry A sweet red fruit 
stream a small river. ^ Is t 
stork A bird with a long neck and long^ 
(Ttffr) legs. F IW; zf f i , ^ M f 
cT«lT W f T̂cTT 
A long thin piece of leather or cloth. 
You use a strap to hold 
things together. "*TT 
% ^FT t . 
stretcher A kind of bed you can carry. 
injured people are carried to 
an ambulance on a stretcher. 
"fPTt a m i ' 'qTC^ oqfe ^ 
^HI-dRd ^ t cTlt 
submarine 
( w i ^ I ) 
A boat which goes under-
water. H1§««ll 
79 
string Thick thread used for tying up 
( f t ^ r ) parcels. W i t w f t . 
straw Dry yellow stalks from corn 
( ^ 0 3371?; W-
A long tube of paper or 
plastic. You suck a drink 
through a straw. W f ^ ^ 
straw 
(itf) 
sun 
0 ( H ) 
^ I \ 
The sun shines in the sky and 
gives us light and heat. ^ f . 
sunflower A bright yellow flower. 
(TH Mh>cHici>f) Sunflowers can grow taller 
than a man. ^Fspjot ^T 
sunglasses Dark glasses which shade 
(*H'diR-M) o u r e y e s f r o m the sun. 
3 W1H 3FT W . 
surfboard A long flat board you use to ride 
on the waves. WRT ""K 
w t m 
sweet a food made from sugar, fasif; 
swing A seat hanging from chains or 
(fapr) ropes. You sit on the seat and 
move backwards and forwards. 
sword A long sharp blade with a handle 
(•tfri) at one end. A sword is used for 
fighting. cid=)K. 
swan A large water bird with a long 
( # i ) neck and webbed feet, t ^ -
80 
swordfish A fish which looks as though 
) it has a sword on the end of 
its nose. d<n^K ^ ^Teft 
tape recorder A machine which can 
( t q Rchfi'O record sound on to plas-
tic tape. This machine 
can also play the sound 
back. 3TFTFT "HT̂ cf̂FT 
table A piece of furniture with a flat top 
(t^cf) and four legs. 
tadpole A very young frog or toad, 
(tsqtcf) ^ ^ ^ 
tail 
(to.) 
which 
sticks out at the back. 
tambourine 
( t ^ T ) 
A small kind of drum 
which rattles when you 
shake it. ^ w t ; 
tank A very heavy car made from spe-
cial metal. There are guns in a 
tank. 
tanker 
(pm) 
A ship which can carry oil or other 
liquids. cRcT w J % ^ n f c ^ 
tap You turn a tap to make water run 
out. T̂oT. 
tangerine A small 
orange. 
tart A small piece of pastry with jam or 
fruit in the middle. ^ t 
taxi A car that you have to pay to ride 
(tcRfl) in. ^ ^K . 
ten The number between nine and 
("^T) eleven. 
tent A house made out of material and 
kept up with poles. cP^ 
teeth The hard bones in your mouth. 
(£[sj) You can bite food with your teeth. 
^ 3TfSfcFT ^tcf. 
telephone 
telescope 
'tfcTWfa) 
television 
An instrument you speak 
into. It carries your voice 
through electric wires 
to someone far away. 
Something which makes 
objects far away look much 
nearer. 
An instrument which is able 
to bring pictures and sound 
through the air from 
a long way away. 
You can see these 
pictures when you 
switch on. 
tentacle A long bendy arm. An octopus 
has eight tentacles. FTm^i; 
fsrrr t te % m M ^T qFT 
*Ft STTfc ^ SiTRcfT 
test tube A thin glass container which 
is open at one end. H«sn<ril. 
tepee A Red Indian tent which goes up 
to a point. cT^. 
82 
thermometer 
(anrMfe?) 
An instrument used for 
finding out what your 
temperature is when you 
are ill. dlHHIM=b 
thermos 
( a p f a ) 
thimble 
("farmer) 
throne A special kind of seat for kings 
(sfa) and queens. TR Hĥ I-HH. 
thrush A bird which sings. It has a 
(«Ri) speckled breast. ^Tft^T; W\ w f t 
thorn A sharp point which grows on 
some plants and trees, ^rfel; 
three The number between two and 
(sft) four, ^t sfk ^TK % ^ M I : 
thumb The short thick finger you have 
on each hand. 
ticket A small piece of paper you get 
(fefoe) when you pay to ride on a bus or 
tie A strip of material which you wear 
round your neck under the collar of 
your shirt. ^ 3 ^fepf ^loft 
Z l t 
83 
A container which keeps things 
hot. ciTWIFft ^cfa; ^ ^cfa 
A small metal or plastic cover 
which protects the top of your 
finger when you are sewing. 
3 M ^ t f̂T kr l l fw^ ^ t 
3 •qf̂ m t . 
thistle 
(fsmel) 
A plant which is prickly. ^T 
IHTT. 
tiger A fierce animal like a big striped 
cat. ^rfal. 
toad An animal like a frog. A toad lives 
on the land most of the time. 
TT fiTerm-^RTr Tfretf w n 
toast Bread which you have cooked so 
(•efts) it is golden brown on both sides. 
SFTRf cfct 3TFT ipr ^ t z t . 
toes The parts of your body on the end 
("styi) of your feet. % 
torn torn A drum which you beat with 
your hands. F̂TT̂ T; 1 W ; ^ T 
v̂Cf •^fer ^ WWII 
W I t . ' 
tongs A tool used to pick up things. 
(^TvH) t w i . 
tooth 
(5*0 
One of your teeth. 
toothbrush A small brush for scrub-
bing your teeth. f̂cT M 
A special paste for clean-
ing your teeth. You put the 
toothpaste on your tooth-
brush. f̂cT WTi " ^ f % f^Pt 
W "nt̂ fT ^ s f t ^ s^T "qr 
WTT ̂ TRtn f^TT T̂IcTT t . 
tongue 
(cPl) 
A thick piece of flesh inside your 
mouth. Your tongue moves when 
you talk and eat. 
tooth paste 
tomato 
84 
A red juicy vegetable. Z W I . 
towel A cloth for drying yourself when 
(•erasic?) you have washed. dlRi^ii. 
toreador A man who fights bulls. "Ffa % 
tortoise An animal which walks very 
slowly. It has a thick shell on its 
back. cFtfsn. 
toucan A bird with bright feathers and a 
( ^ R ) very big beak. cTRt sfa 
tractor A farm vehicle with big back 
wheels. A tractor can pull heavy 
things. 3 "Spgw f f i T̂cTT 
W t ; pRX. 
trailer Something on wheels which can 
(s^rc) be pulled by a car or lorry. ^rfT TI 
ZToft W T "SRT T̂Tcft t . 85 
torch 
( * W ) 
light you can carry about and 
switch on and off. ^ t T̂I 
tower a tall building, ^ r t ĴKcT; TTftR; 
trapeze A short bar hung between two 
ropes. You swing on a trapeze. 
tramp A person with no home who 
( I f r ) walks from place to place. ^FT 
"^t cTeTRT 3 cTRt ^ c T W ^ ^ 
train A lot of carriages pulled by an 
(t5*) engine. \cPTT5t. 
tray A flat 
( t ) metal. 
piece of wood, plastic or 
You carry plates and cups 
on a tray. mcj sts-m e T ^ t 
F̂T STTofl". 
trap Something you catch things in. 
tree A large plant with a trunk and 
( $ ) leaves, "fe; 
trench a long narrow ditch. ^FFT $ 
^en^ % fcTo; . ^ ^ ^ 
triangle A shape with three sides. 
tricycle A cycle with three wheels. 
(gsRi^d) finf^rr - H i ^ d . 
trampoline A piece of strong material 
(t^Tc^R) stretched over a metal frame. 
You can jump up and down 
on a trampoline. i^T %PT 
triplets Three children born to the 
same mother at the same 
time. "STO % ^lef 
tripod Three metal legs joined at one 
( f l j i f u ) end. You can put a camera on a 
tripod. fcHlf; ^Tf 
^ r "5ft % ^FT 3TRTI t . 
trombone 
(^rwm) 
A musical instrument. 
trousers A piece of clothing which 
(^rayrtf) covers your legs. Mdeji. . 
trumpet a musical instrument. <pt; ^ M T 
trunk The main part of a tree. ^T 
<* * ) CRT. 
T-shirt A shirt with short sleeves and n o c o l l a r - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 
tuba A very big musical instrument. 
trout A fish which lives in rivers. 
tugboat A small strong boat which can 
f^ ief te) PuN other boats. 3PT ^ f f ^ 
"SITcft RIcf. 0 _ 
o / 
- v > 
tunnel A passage built under the 
( ^ ra ) ground. "yr>T; ^ tT . 
turban A long scarf you wind round and 
( ^ T ) round your head. "TT^; WfiT. 
turkey A large bird we often eat at 
(^cff) Christmas, s f r ^ t Wl "q^r 
W t . 
turnip A white round hard vegetable 
OsPfa) which grows underthe ground. 
W F T . 
turtle A turtle has a shell. It lives on 
land and in water. Trg^t 
88 
tusks Long pointed teeth that some 
animals have at the sides of 
their mouths. Ffsft =FT R+CHI 
i|3TT 
twig a very small branch of a tree. <JST 
twins Two children who are born at the 
( f ^ n ) same time to the same mother. 
T̂ ĉJT "^T; "Q "̂ TTI«T ^ 
two The number between one and 
("?) three. 
typewriter A machine which prints let-
( ^ t i ^ T ^ ) ters when you press the 
keys. z ^ T w . 
V ^ / 
umbrella Something you hold over 
(sntcn) your head to keep off the rain. 
underpass A road which goes under a 
(a-^MhH) bridge or another road. "Ĵ T 
% TJjinft W f t ^ P F . 
unicorn A pretend animal that looks 
(<jPitbM) something like a horse with a 
horn sticking out of the middle 
of its head. ftR % sfto 3 "QcF 
"flf7! cfMT cbfcrMd "^frS! 
vacuum cleaner A machine which 
picks up dirt from the 
floor, sj^r ^ t 
van A car with no windows at the back, 
( to ) A van can be large or small. ^ F t f f 
W t 
vase A container for flowers. 
(to!) 
vertebra One of the small bones in 
(cr^sf) your back, f t e ^ =FT 
89 
volcano A mountain with a hole in the 
(JlHcbHl) top. Sometimes hot ash comes 
out of the hole, ^ i c i i ^ l . 
waiter A man who serves food in a 
restaurant. Tf "̂ R 
- q r i ^ w t ^ c F . 
violin A musical instrument with 
(<jTqicR) Strings. W T t . 
waistcoat 
( t^cpte) 
A coat without sleeves. ^FKJ^; f^RT sfT^^T 
vulture 
(WtR) 
90 
A large bird which eats dead 
animals. 
wall Something built of bricks or 
(<rra) stones. Houses have walls. cffaR. 
waitress A woman who serves food in 
a restaurant. Ŵhm-4 3 ^ R 
vest A piece of your clothing you wear 
(faz) next to your skin. sff^TH. 
wardrobe A large cupboard to keep waterfall Lots of water falling from a 
( c n ^ ) your clothes in. ^ f t w t ^ t (cn^wra) high place. W l . 
walrus 
(cffeRTt) 
An animal which looks like a 
seal but it is larger. A walrus has 
two tusks, w ^ ^mf ^ m t ^rgsft 
•^tei. - »• 
wand A thin stick used by a magician. 
-eft watch Something you wear to tell you 
warehouse A very large building. All 
kinds of things are kept in a 
warehouse before they go 
to the shops. WFTkm. 
washing 
machine 
(cTlf̂ FT 
A machine for washing clothes, ^ 
wasp An insect which can sting you. 
(cTFFqr) cft^ri; 
• O J 
waste paper A basket kept in a house 
basket or office. You throw your 
(frrefrre *nR-che) rubbish in this basket. 
wallet 
(cnfacT) 
A small case for holding your 
money. ®rg3TT; ^ f t . 
wallpaper 
(cfict ^fa^) 
Paper with a pattern on it 
used to cover walls. f̂aTC T̂C 
wfi tMMdl W R . 
walnut A nut with a hard shell, s m f e . 
(clTcHHri) 
weasel A small animal with a long 
(<fmor) neck. A weasel eats snakes 
and rabbits. ^HHcK 
^ff ^ffq cT«TT W T f t T H M t . 
wheel A circle made of wood or metal. 
Cars have four wheels. They go 
round and make the car 
move. Tf^TT. 
w h ' P A strap with a handle. 
whiskers "rich grow on a 
man's face. ^ 
whiskers Hairs which grow out of the 
sicJe of a cat's or a dog's 
face. fTcf T̂T f M t ^ t i f ^ . 
weather-cock Two pieces of metal in 
cpTcf>) the shape of a cross. A 
CD ^ T x weather-cock blows 
j f v j f t w round in the wind and 
^ J ^ T shows you which way 
jT w 'n c* i s blowing. 
f^TT ^MT 
whale A large animal which lives in the 
( ^ 0 sea. slfcT ®r| 37R5H Tp^ft. 
wigwam 
( f o f r r ) A kind of tent, M ^ti 
whistle 
( f ^ r a ) 
Something you blow to make a 
high sound, f f ^ . 
wig 
( f t r ) 
Hair which you put on over your 
own hair, -i<*>cnl «nel. 
92 
A kind of grain. Flour is made 
from wheat, ^ff. 
willow A tree which has branches 
(•fcTeft) which bend over. R̂T "3FI " f e 
J t I 
windmill A machine which is worked by 
the wind. TO w t . 
window A hole in the wall of a building, 
(fcfel) Glass covers the hole . Rsi-s^l 
wing The part of the body of birds and 
(fcR) insects which moves. The wings 
are used for flying. "TO. 
wishbone A bone in the front of a 
(•ffcrefa) chicken. ^ 3TFt ^ t ^ f t . 
witch A woman who is supposed to be 
(ft*?) magic, ^ l ^ i w l . 
wizard A man who is supposed to be 
( fe r^ ) magic. 
wolf A wild animal which looks like a 
dog. fen. 
woodpecker 
( f g ^ O 
A bird which uses its 
beak to make a hole in a 
tree. 
worm A long thin animal with a soft 
(^nf) body and no legs. f ^ T ; "^ftel. 
wren 
m 
A very small 
M ^ n . 
w f cfTeft 
93 
x-ray A photograph which shows 
( t t c p k - ^ ) what the inside of your body 
looks like, "mft % ^T "Q̂ RT-
Xftt. 
xylophone A row of thin pieces of wood 
(vdijciUfrH) which make a sound when 
you hit them. <n=b«1 % "js^rf 
®fRT; ehlKdi^l ( ^<rlcKJl 3 
yacht A boat with sails. cfcT "^ref^ W f t 
yak An animal like an ox with long 
hair. fcISRT ^T cT^ ^Teff T̂eTT 
yellow A colour. Daffodils are yellow, 
( ^ r t ) ""TtcTT iTT. 
0 
yo-yo A toy which spins up and down 
(ift—ift) on a string. ^f ^ T ^ 
clTcTr f W h l . 
zebra A wild animal with black and 
(Titer) white stripes. Zebras come from 
Africa, a r s t a 
AOÔ 
zip Something which fastens two bits 
(fvN) of material together. sfcfT "9T 
f ^ F f smcTT =FT ̂ qoh<u|. 
zoo A place where wild animals are 
(vsjj kept so that people can look at 
them. fafeW; "SFTt ^WlcW; w i t 
^ J H . 
acting ^ J H 
( W O J f 
bouncing ^jeRT 
(dM'RHl) 
baking ^ T T 
brushing -pf T̂T ^FTT 
(cTWi) 
balancing ^felcT ^TTT 
(tctf^T) 
batting G ^ M ! 
blowing ^ T I T R T 
building -qcR ftrjfur 
(Hjf^T) 
burning STFT^T^RT 
chopping 
( * T ) 
^ T t l f ^ T ; 
i 
cl imbing ^ T T O ^ T C R ^ T 
(creiisR'i) chasing Tfter c r ^ / 
Carving er^st "TT Tc^R t r ^HT 
cleaning ^ p ^ 
(cRfrf̂ hi) /^Gfj*; 
97 
combing 
(cptfinT) 
crashing cpt z^n; ^RT 
(frfcm) 
cooking 
crossing 
(flftftpi) 
counting 
(eblviPe*!) 
WTT ^FIT y 
cutting 
98 
digging ^ j f ^RT 
(ftflto) drinking i f t ^ t f sRTT 
dancing ^ c f ^ 
^ F T t l f ^ L 
dressing 
( t f f r r ) 
diving (^T^m) % f i w i p n 
drawing w m 
driving 
( l l f f^T) 
W T 
T - M U I ft 1 
99 
eating ^HT 
emptying ^^ f j - ^ ^ fsPTT 
fall ing j f t frRTTT 
(T?frfeFT) 
f ight ing ^ ^ 
(TPT f̂eri) 
100 
f i lming ^r -pc i^u i 
(ftrf^FT) 
f ishing q ^ f t H ^ H l 
f loating Tjpft xpr ^ ^ ^ 
f ly ing z ^ f i 
(tcHI^'l) 
filling 
(foftrc) 
cRT ^FT 
hitt ing ^ ^ r t f r ^ ^ t f^TT 
galloping ^ i t f w ^ ^ ^ f e w 
hoeing ^ ^ ^ 
T ) hanging ^R^pn 
helping ^ i ^ n ^ n 
(tfc^l) 
hopping i ^ i f t ^ ^ 
hugging 
(-#TT) 
3HlRriJH ^TT, 
\ i 
hiding f ^ f ^ 
101 
icing ^ H t ^ t w ^ n f c 
ironing (3tT?#Fr) 
w, ̂ f t s^'ll ^ ' I' « ̂ 
itching 
juggling 
(vHMlcHJl) 
d' l ldk 
cTSJT 
W ^ f ^ t fsRI 
T N 
jumping ^ ^ w f f n y 
102 
kicking efRT 3 t i r ^ ^ t ^ n 
( f t i f a l ) knitting ^T ^TFf 
kneeling ^ f f % ^ 
( ^ m ) O o 
0 o ° o 
knocking <^dMi WW2RT 
(^f inr) 103 
kissing r3pR 
( fc f tp r ) 
listening laughing 
(OTTFFINT) 
l i c k i n g W ^ T 
(fcrffrn) 
loading ^ ^ T 
(cftf^tT) „ 
ly ing ( c ^ O 
m n ^ r 
"^t f ^ tT 
104 
marching ^ ^ T T ; ^ 3 W ftelFR 
mending TT^T^XT ^TTT 
mov ing eft fg^T 
105 
measur ing 
Wn^TTTFRT 
mi lk ing (PiIWi'i) ^ f 
m ix ing 
( f t f t fR ) 
fwmz/-( 
to \ 
melt ing pMMdHI 
packing ^ ^ picking ^ -Q^ cfrir^LgT ^ N R T 
paddling ^ 
(̂ TsfcFT) 
playing ^ ^ 
NlFT) / 
painting i j ] 
p loughing ^ ^ ^ ^ 
( ^ N ^ T ) T M ^ R T 
P i l i n g 
OftfcFT) 
106 
pol ishing T̂THT ̂ Tf ̂ FT^FTT 
(MiTeiRi'l) 
praying 
(*pT) 
pumping T p o } - ^ ^ 
post ing x^-xr fz^ i i f xj^ s ^ f i eft f ^ r 
(t f fcrq) 
pour ing x ^ ^ ^ T w f 
pushing ^ ^ T zu q%eHT 
queuing (^J^ t ) "STfcTSTI cfR^ "p; i f e 3 T̂T "qfw W1HI 
'l07 
racing 3 ^ ^ ^ c ^ 
(^ftrn) 
raining ^rf ^ n 
Ml 
»1 I t 
reading x ^ j - q ^ 
( # 1 ) 
WfT 
rescuing p ^ T T c^rt ^ 3 ^ p ^ 
rocking 
^ f f ""R % \ V 
STFt 
rolling (^ftm) ^ W T T 
rowing ( ^ 1 ) ^TT & 
sailing ^ ^ ^FHT 
( ^ F l ) 
109 
shaving 
f^TTT) 
sawing (^FT ) 
i 
3TRT^ 
w ^ r r 
scrubbing 
(wfehrj) 
w g ^ f j f l 
HT^HI _ 
sewing 
(^PT) 
shivering (RmRji) ^ f $ -s fM ^ t t^Tf 
'shooting t M ^ IHT 
( ^ T ) 'ZTTtWTT 
WIHT 
shopping m ^ i f l 
sit t ing ^ 
(fofibT) flF^T 
skat ing M 
fasfSr) HFZTT (( 
sleeping 
sl iding ^TFf "qi ftbUet} f ^ T 
( f e f r ^ T ) 
singing Tjpcpr 
J M E l l _ _ _ _ 
110 
smel l ing if«f ^T ^FTT 
tofePl) 
smoking 
OpflffrT) 
o ° sweeping 
T2TTC 
swimming (farfcn) tn^ t ; ftorr 
snowing ( ^ r i ) fenmd 
spinning 
(ftqpR) 
f T H T ^ W J 
swinging ^ F n / 
(•Rsff̂ PT) jfyZ 
stroking 
N l f t n i ) 
111 
threading 
(dftto) 
•gf 3 WIT fqf^n 
touching ^ f ^ 
throwing ^ to 
typing z ^ l ^TRT 
112 
winding ^ snfc 3 ^TMt WTRT 
walking ^ ^ p n 
OflHfi) 
wrapping T^FM 3 R ^ T 
(Wn) f**"V-^v^V 
washing 
(cfrftPT) o 
writing (^fcri) 
fRTsRT 
amL 
watching KTH^ 
(•EFFF̂ RL) 
yawning 
( ^ F T ) 
"3®TRTt #TT watering 
(^fef^T) 
"qpft 
zipping 
"^FR "̂TT 
^ r oft 
i N k 
"SRI ^ 
^FRT 
weighing 
^ R T ^ T 
fsRT 
113 
/ COLOURS \ 
Azure 
Black (ê fcp) chiHi 
Blue (ce^) -Tldl 
Brown (sii^h) ^ 
Dusky xylciTi 
Grey(^t) ^ 
Golden (^iWh) •yn^i 
Green (ifR) l^r 
Lemon (eWR) ?ic«H tfldi 
Maroon (i}*H) ^ u r t ^ 
Mauve (•#?) ydi^ 
Orange ^raft 
Purple (̂ ntcT) el'i-fl 
R o s y ( ^ ) ijoneft 
Red (^5) ^ra 
Saffron ( w h r ) itmf^n 
Scarlet ( ^ K ^ d ) did 
Violet (cim^d) 
Vermilion (ciffioH) 
White (c^i^e) 
Yellow (^fat) 
DAYS, MONTHS AND SEASONS 
1. DAYS 
Monday 
Tuesday ( e ^ ^ ) j-hmcin 
Wednesday (^-v)-^) ^stcn 
Thursday (aref%) 
Friday ( ibi^) yjshciK 
Saturday ("ftd^t) ttRrtr 
Sunday ( t r ^ ) ^Tctr 
2. MONTHS 
January vHHcî 
February (%®R3fft) 
March (irr^) ttt^ 
April (3tRTĉ ) 
May("fl) 
J u n e ( ^ ) ^ 
July(^eii4) 
August (3f lW) ST̂ Rd 
September (ip&zR) ftRF^R 
October (sftcfetcR) 
November (^P^r ) w^rc 
December (f^^Hv) 
3. SEASONS 
Autumn (affe^r) Md̂ -d 
Spring (fern) ew-iti 
Summer ( w ) 
Rainy season (^-rflyH) «N«Hid 
Winter (Rl-xi'i) 
TIME 
Second (^Rh-^) 
Minute ( 1 ^ ) 
Hour(3TTcR) XIU5T 
D a y ( t ) 
Dawn(^H) vliNlchlcH, TJTTd 
Morning (nTPi'i) ura: 
Forenoon (^Ty-jn) cian 
Noon (^T) ^ t f ? 
After-noon (snw^-^i) r̂q?? ^ 
Dusk(^-cb) TTEin 
Evening (s^Phi) TTFt 
> Qi 
Night (Hi^d) 
Mid-night WTCTft 
Week «hhi* 
Fortnight (ihT^Hî d) q^cii^i 
Month (tfst) 
Quarter ) 
Half year (fro ar^cri 
Year(^3R) cpf 
Decade (Rsi-d) ^ c r f 
Century ( ^ f l ) tfl (yidi«fl) 
Millennium (R^Pwh) cui J 
4 ) / 
s ANIMALS AND THEIR BODY PARTS 
Antelope (^<h1m) 
Ass (^a) Titn 
Ape (Tyq) 
Ant-eater 
Bear frs 
Bitch (for) 
Buffalo («iWt) 
Bull ( f a ) 
Boar 
Cow (<pj\£) T̂RJ 
Cat (fcE) fipff 
Colt (cbW) 
Calf ( w ) 
Camel vfe 
Dog (^ft) f r n 
Deer •f̂ HJ] 
Donkey m̂r 
Elephant 
Ewe 
Fox (̂ TERT) dlni) 
Fawn (tJjR) 
Frog ( M l ) 
Giraffe (fircro) 
Goat (Tfts) 
Horse (^rtf) xfrsi 
Hippopotamus 
Hare (%3R) •is! >i h VI 
Hound (Fra^s) Rlcbl̂ <frTT 
Hind 
Hoof (^p) w 
Hyena (^isHi) 
Jackal (^pm) R-WK 
Kitten ( f t ^ ) fapfl cfcl cj-cc|| 
Kid (firs) 
Kangaroo ( ^ r s ) 
Lamb (efa) 
Lion (eTT*H) 
Leopard (ett^) 
Monkey ("R^t) 
Mouse (Trravfr) 
Mule (^zjci) 
Mare (*T*rc) 
Mole ("tfra) 
Musk-rat ( i w - ^ ) 
Mongoose ( H H ' J « I ) 
Ox (affcRi) 
Pig ( f i r ) 
Porcupine (mo^Mî n) 
Pony (tfnft) 
Panther 
Puppy (^off) 
Rabbit 
Rhinoceros 
Rat fte) 
Ram (^T) 
Stag (I^T) 
Spaniel (^Pi^d) 
Sire 
Sheep (Vffq) 
Squirrel (^rihci) 
Swine ( w ^ t ) 
Tail (tor) 
Tiger 
Wolf (f?P) 
Yak (^ra) 
Zebra (TifcRT) 
<S5>— 
•Rii 
W 
^ r f i 
smf raR^r 
^cjefl 
1J3R 
f̂lcTI 
ftc^TT 
îTSl 
w i ^ fW i 
MvHHch F̂fte 
•garfr 
w r i t e r 
f BIRDS, WORMS, INSECTS, R E P T I L E S & \ THEIR BODY PARTS 
Bat (He) 
Beak(frcp) 
Cuckoo 
Cock(cPTcp) 
Cygnet ( f im^e) 
Crow(tPt) 
Chicken (f*njR) 
Crane (?»R) 
Duck ( ^P ) 
Dove(^g ) 
Drake (^pp) 
Duckl ing ( ^ O H I ) 
Eagle ( t 7 ^ ) 
Egg (-^T) 
Feather (T^T) 
Goose (T|VH) 
Hen (^ r ) 
Heron 
Hawk ( # p ) 
Kite (<PT?e) 
Lark 
Magpie ("<HT^) 
N e s t ( ^ e ) 
Nightingale (HI^ ' ICI) 
Ostr ich (anfr^O 
Parrot 
Partridge (^nf^i) 
Pea-hen Oft^r) 
Pigeon ( f t^R) 
Peacock 
Pheasant 
Quail (tcra) 
Raven (^3R) 
Swa l l ow (TCTTCTI) 
Sparrow (^fct) 
Stork 
Vulture (cioxR) 
Wing (for) 
Weaver-bird (%Rcpg) 
Wood-pecker 
W K 
T&rfa 
cPtJTcT 
•yrf 
FH cPT ^WI 
eftT® (^R) 
cTfRg-gFi crsn 
3TSI 
"cTTTcTT 
W 
tfren 
i?m 
tpfcTC 
cr^r 
H6I-SI 'cfttOT 
f ^ 
Bee ( f l ) 
Beetle ( t o ) 
Bug («R) 
Butterf ly (cR r̂ t f ^ ) 
Body- l ice 
Boa («ften) 
Crocodi le (fptcpter^ci) 
Cobra ( ^CRT) 
Conch (cpfa) 
Crab (%ej) 
Cr icket (fipifre) 
Cocoon (<bl<&H) 
Earth wo rm (arafa^) 
Eel(^cr) 
Fish (%?T) 
Fire-fly ( w r w ^ ) 
Frog (TPFF) 
Fly ( w ^ ) 
Flea 
Fangs 
Grasshopper (UTO#R) 
Hood { f s ) 
Honey-bee (F f t ^ t ) 
K n a u r ( ^ i ^ j ) 
Louse (cTFTfT) 
Leech (#x j ) 
LoCUSt (dlcM-d) 
Lizard (fcHvii) 
Mosqui to (wHctflel) 
N i t ( f t c ) 
Oyster (afl^y-e^) 
Poison ( W H O H ) 
Snail 
Spider ( w ^ s ? ) 
Shark ( T T T £ ) 
Scorp ion ( ^ R f t s n ) 
Si lk-worm 
Snake (^<P) 
Tadpole ( ^ n l d ) 
Turtle ( z ^ i ) 
Termite (c^Hi^d) 
Wasp (cfRq) 
'J^ell 
îftcR 
3KJR? 
cPTcTT 7TR 
itnp^T 
^7R "cm <pt3TT 
Weft 
•RcRff 
fefT 
TJR 
TiJ^tRsfl 
t 
uffcp 
ffrqcpcft 
"#7 
"ErfETT 
"fcRJ 
tPT ^TfT 
T̂TT 
^fep cpT cT5n 
<PT53TT 
^RcP 
cTctal, frs 
<m> 
CRIES OF BIRDS, ANIMALS AND INSECTS \ 
Ape (Tjq) ePJ* gibber, Rh«r 
Ass (^ft) w bray, t 
Bear (%5R) growl, iJMd 
Bee (ft) "R^RcRfr hum, i r 
Bird TTlft chirp, 
Bull (fci) Tfrs bellow, teft 
Camel (%rh) grunt, Tfe 
Cat mew, ^ 
Cattle ( t o ) TRJ low, eft 
Jackal ("wTcpToi) 'Tk-s! howl, £In4><H 
Fly (ifcHisO R<Nsh buzz or hum, ens^friR 
Fox (r?Tcrt) eftR t̂ yelp, t̂cR 
Frog (TPtT) iideb croak, tfito 
Goose (̂ Jp?) chd^ cackle, b̂cbcH 
Goat (ife) elcĥ bleat, ^ t e 
Hawk ( f fe ) scream, 
Hen (^r) cackle, 
Horse (^Rt) tfrsr neigh, 3 
Owl (arre^O ^ hoot, 
Ox (arfrrr) tc! low, bellow, cit, teft 
Kitten ( t t o ) foeftdT mew ^ 
Lamb (eta) ^RHI bleat ^ f e 
Lark (etr^) cTcTT "R t̂ sing fttR 
Lion (cTRR) •RT? roar tR 
Mouse ("RFTH) w squeak <w><5tcb 
Monkey ("Reft) gibber or chatter 
Nightingale 
(Hispid) 
Cock (c îcp) 
Cow (Wv3) 
Crow (sPt) 
Dog(^TR) 
Dove ( ^ f ) 
Duck Ostp) 
Eagle (^Ref) 
Elephant ( T J H J P ^ ) 
Parrot 
Peacock ( ^ ^ W ) 
Pigeon 
Pig ( f i r ) 
Puppy (tptft) 
Serpent ( W F T S ) 
Sheep (Vta) 
Snake 
Sparrow 
|cifei warble 
yrf 
r̂ra 
f r n 
W W 
cTOT 
"Erra 
tfRTT 
tfrc 
W ^ T R 
TRR 
mm 
Squirrel (*SPW<H) RIH*^ 
Swan ("*3h) 
Tiger (dT^K) ?R 
Vulture (<JCTER) Pr^ 
Wolf (p«p) i tem 
crow sPt 
low eft 
caw 
bark 
coo ^ 
quack c j ^ 
scream â?fR 
trumpet ^f&re 
talk dte 
scream 
coo ^ 
grunt 
yelp 3CR 
hiss ^ 
bleat 
hiss f^e 
chirp or twitter 
^ 7T f̂ cic;* 
squeak 
Cackle 
growl or roar 
yivici 'JIT 
scream "raStR 
howl fFJcl 
YOUNG ONES OF ANIMALS 
Ass ("^r) 
Bear(tare) 
Cat ) 
Cow(^rrg) 
Deer (-feTR) •ft^m 
foal wtcf 
cub cFk( 
kitten foeR 
calf/heifer 
fawn R>tR 
Dog ("str) f r n puppy •R t̂ ("ft^l) 
Duck (Ifcp) eM<£l duckl ing -dchfclR 
Frog (p>hT) »tdch tadpole 
Goat(Tfm) kid fcfrg 
FOX (TftcRT) cflRit cub cfKf 
<11 Z> 
Goose (TJH) chd̂ H 
Hare (%?) 1 
Hen (pi) 
Horse (?Rf) ^Wt 
Lion (eTRH) ^R 
gosling f̂Rrfchr 
leveret mra? 
chicken faefR.^gpn 
COlt 
cub epg 
Sheep ^ lamb 
Swan (WR ) cygnet R-ni-k 
Tiger (drfrR) t̂cTi cub cfR 
Wolf (fe^) irfom cub ^ 
Sow ( # ) tttct^stcpiglet foTete 
SOUNDS 
Beating of drum cJlol eft <H|c||\j) 
Blowing of bugle fojcf eft 3)|c||vH 
Booming of gun dlM m d-ejeb eft JKvH 
Chattering of teeth T̂RTt % eMcfcs!̂ eft 
STRIuT 
Clapping of hands eUfcH'Ul eft M^'Ml^d 
Crackling of fire-wood debtee ^ eft 
Clanging of arms ffaniRt eft WRT?5 
Clanking of hooves kfl^ cb dlMl eft ^ N N 
Cracking of a whip efc!-S eft yn^ilfc; 
Creaking of shoes vjjril eft tKH*l?ic: 
Din of a crowd ehl eftdl̂ cH 
Exploding of bomb dHl eb ft^ci eft 
Flapping of wings TR3t eft l|»s!l|>.!!|*ci 
Hissing of steam THT % lefRtf "treTR r̂ 
Plehd^ eftatlcll.vH 
Jingling of coins Rlsbf eft ^-KsH 
Knocking of a door 
Pattering of rain or hail 
Rattling of wheels 
Reporting of an explosion 
Ringing of bell 
Rustling of leaves 
Splash of water 
Stamping of feet 
Whistling of wind 
Thundering of lightning 
Ticking of clock or watch 
Tinkling of bell 
Banging of a door 
^cjijil ft 
MdMril̂ e 
itf^ ft 3ncTTMT 
RlW ĉleb cp 
eft STRTTyf 
eft dHdHl^d 
eft 
"q^cp^ ancriMf 
RVJ)<MI "qi efReT ̂ t 
wrsr^s 
efi? (̂ chfScb cP^I 
^ ^ f t ^ 
cJVcJI.̂ i f t 
DWELLING AND PLACES 
(A) Persons 
Convict (cpPcick;) 
King (lefTr) 
Knight ( ^ s ) 
Lunatic (efffep) 
3PRTSJt 
TTTHT 
HOMES 
Homes 
prison (fiJjiR) 
palace (^Ri ) 
mansion 
asylum (sRrrfcm) 
^Tcl, cPRFTR 
TRcPlft ^cH (Yrai eft fct^l) 
MMIeKslHI 
<118> 
Monk ("Rep) 
Officer (affftRR) 
Nun (^R) 
Parson (RRfa) 
Peasant (^FS) 
Person (R^T) 
Prisoner (tPTiFR) 
Soldier ( ÎCTSR) 
(B) Creatures 
Dog (^!R) 
Horse (#tf) 
Mouse (TTT^H) 
Spider (w^s?) 
Pig (f tr) 
FOX(VTCRT) 
Lion (eff?R) 
Owl (3R3Td) 
Wolf(fdP) 
Hen (%R) 
RdclKfl 
^TfrR 
•sfngr 
(A) Games 
Badminton, Tennis, Volley-ball 
•̂dfandH, tf^RT, "EIT ĉfra 
Cricket 
Gymnastics (RH*HR<icb)djiiiiHi*M<Hi 
Racing ( ^ F I ) 
Wrestling (•fcafePT) 
Boxing («iif^i-iR) 
Foot-ball (^ddid) 
Hockey (?Tc£[) 
Horse-race (IRJ 
Swimming (R^IPHR) 
Judo (TSJ^T) 
monastery (4H*d?l) 
bungalow (ehrat) 
convent (wNto) 
parsonage (MK^VJI ) 
cottage ( W ^ R ) 
house (^re^r) 
c e l l a r ) 
barrack 
Homes 
kennel (ctRd) 
stable 
hole (ltd) 
web (era) 
s t y ( ^ ) 
burrow (^r ) 
den ("&R) 
tree hollow (^1 
lair (eR) 
coop(^q) 
PLACES 
H?de)ld 
•ffeft 
eT r̂ vHIMÎ 
Where played 
c o u r t s 
pitch ft^i 
gymnasium 
track 
arena arfFn 
ring #R 
field R?fds 
field RStes 
race-course 
pool TJeT 
field mat i^W^s 
cTRdT 
" R 3 
MMRai)' WT SRSTR 
"J? 
^rfTER, c j j ^ l l d l 
3R?TRd, y^^ ld 
t^fd 
" J R R , "RTC 
•ypi, Tffe 
•jrr, "RT? 
^̂ gt̂ T, cFT WT? 
A (B) Things 
Aeroplane ( ^ c R ) 
Fruit tree 
Grape (Tfa) 
Motor-car w?) 
Cloth (cfcffai) 
Grain (ifa) 
Curios (^jfoito) 
Passenger luggage 
at railway station 
Dead Body (^s^rffl) 
(C) Creatures 
Birds 
Birds and animals 
Wild or strong animals 
Kids (fossr) 
(D) Things 
Picture ( F T I R ) 
Play 
Film ('frcq) 
Rubbish (7ftf?r) 
Water for the 
supply of a town 
WITH 
W f cjST 
3PJ? 
"Rt^ cPR 
cCTfl 
3Rra 
P̂dT eft ftem -ER^ 
^cfet TR ^ t 
tPT TTRR 
TR 7T?R 
Tiafl ̂ an XHRCR 
XiR^IXHRcR 
cRi?R 
rMRlol 
"?T!R fcltj TTF?! 
f̂ RRTJl 
Weapons or Ammunition 3R5I-7R3 
( ^ R "5T Q^PlSMH) 
Young plants(?rn ^areri) 
Wares (t^n) 
(E) Things 
Beer («Starc) 
Brick (f?ra>) 
Flour 
Manufactured Goods 
Articles (3TTfep^f) 
Leather goods 
ftifft ^ j ^ r ra 
xjft ^ft mra 
•̂ RffcrRT ^Rcjtj 
PmfRld cR^j 
cPT WTR 
Where stored 
aerodrome (^f^R) 
orchard 
vineyard (cii^Ani) 
garage 
wardrobe 
granary ("ifaft) 
museum 
cloakroom (cfdtcp^R) 
\ 
3ffl 
WT 
3PJ? vJSJR 
•ile^n-s} ctR̂ f ̂ Pl ŜJR 
^PTt "Eft 3teRTfl 
3RM *P5R 
3RR^t "7TRR "ER 
cemetery (•ftfad^) ^ftlR^R 
Where kept 
cage ftfercT 
zoo (v^) RlRWI -er 
menagerie (SMVHR) 
nursery (^Rfft) Ri^iidi 
Where kept 
art gallery ^PdT t̂ef 
theatre ( t a r ^ ) w r a , ^midi 
cinema-hall ("fcFtar i?Td) ftFmT IR 
filth depot ("PfrceilM) 
water-works, 
water-reservoirs ^diyw 
(cJTŜ ĵRCTR) 
arsenal (31k4h<h) 
nursery (^^ffT) 
godown 
Where made 
brewery (^Jfff) 
kiln (fo^T) 
mill ("PTCT) 
factory 
workshop (CI&SMN) 
tannery (t^rfr) 
\ 
TOPTR 
tffyyiidi 
TRra ^ft 
CPT ^ 
^ r f ^ ^ f t ^ f t 
t 
ct>K<s)Ml uTFf^ cR^tj cRT̂ 
xm^l | cl TRTIR ^ft XiTT̂ | 
^ft cR^ cRT̂ f cpT 
cbK<slHI 
< f 2 0 > 
Paper 
Bread ($rs) 
Films 
Food 
Iron goods (OT^R^T^) 
Money ("T t̂) 
Ships (-ftTO) 
Cloth (-Efcffsj) 
Medicine ( A^IRH) 
WTyf 
vgraxRisJ, ifK^H 
efrt WT WRH 
£R, "gST 
afrafa 
mill ( f td) 
bakery (tcpff) 
studio ( ^ i i l ) 
kitchen ( f ^ R ) 
smithy (ftqsft) 
mint (fare) 
dockyard (^tovri) 
mill (ftef) 
pharmacy ( f i W ) 
<t>K<tS)MI 
YThfER 
rich^M 
Trgtfl uT îuff ^ 
chK^HI 
(F) Place 
Creche (tPrr) 
Primary/Nursery school 
(•mfRfl/^ft T^eT) 
Middle school 
High School (F l^r^t ) 
College (cblfdvH) 
University (^flciRj^) 
Dispensary ( f^rafr ) 
Nursing Home (̂ Tf̂ T "̂ tr) 
Lodge (cffrr) 
Hostel/Boarding 
House (̂ RScT/cfrf̂ n fTvJTi) 
Club (cRTO) 
Airport ( w ^ ) 
Bus stop (̂ ra 
PTajt̂ cP "f̂ reiTera 
"fTTEJfftcP R^JMiJ 
Ĥ lfasUlcHAI 
3flW?RI 
Rl&oHMil 
iJlBwT cfitfcTRFl 
•CR d f ^ l cPT 
WHNKH 
Purpose 
Day nursery for children when their 
parents are at work. 
A school where 
young children are taught. 
Where middle classes are taught. 
A school for studies upto Matric. 
An institution for studies in 
higher education. 
Highest institution for higher studies of 
all subjects. 
A small medical unit for treatment of 
patients. 
Hospital specially for intensive care. 
A place where visitors from out -
stations stay. 
Where students stay during their studies 
or training period, 
w t e ht A place of various types of recreations 
HHIVVHH and amusements like dancing, 
6R? ^cfT^ cpj 
Railway Station 
X 
music playing etc. 
A cleared and levelled place where aircraft 
can take off and land. 
Where buses stop to take and drop 
passengers. 
Where trains stop to take and drop 
passengers. 
< 1 2 1 > 
X SCHOOLS & COLLEGES \ 
Primary School 
(MÎ H Î 
Higher Secondary 
School (iTJR Tfcfr̂ sfl f^el) 
Admission (Q-dftsu) 
Teacher (-£RR) 
Lecturer 
Principal (fMPra) 
Office (affftRT) 
Sports ( w ^ ) 
Discipline (RSRHRHH) 
Prospectus (TRttra^) 
Distinction (teRticren) 
Certificate 
Inspection 
fcraTeRJ 
XTEERR TTiarftcP 
"fcreiTera 
3 M M , fllSRP 
Tnran 
TJ£IMMl4 
cblilicHiJ 
3FJ?TRR 
•fctcRUJ Ĵ Rdcbl 
UHIUIMtI 
•Rrftsm 
Middle School ^ d ) TT]t3jftcP Rlilldil 
College (c f t^ ) Ĥ ifct̂ llcHil 
Student ( ) "Prensfl 
Professor (TfrtRR) 
Headmaster TOHTEZJNcP 
Library ( d i ^ ) -̂dchlcHiJ 
Playground (T^rrm^) 
Competition (c£)Pm[^h) UlrliflPldl 
Expulsion (̂ cKHMcyn) P)M>KHH 
Promotion (mt?R) Mcflsllci, M'lfcl 
Attendance "̂ TRarflf 
Degree f§T«TT TFfM ^ 
Identity Card 
SUBJECTS 
English (sj'ifayi) 
Sanskrit (7r<ft) "*r<Jk! 
Urdu ,3$ 
Geography (xsrRnft) ĵ̂ tTd 
Mathematics (%rirfoRr) 
Geometry ^st Tiftra 
Science (Tn^JTRi) ftsTH 
Chemistry ( ip f r f^) w h ?tr5j 
Sociology (^Mrsfteft^l) w r a -fcnrn 
Civics (-Rrftcra) hmiR* ?iR5i 
Psychology ( a i ^ u M I ) HHlfosiH 
Commerce (cpTjr}) ciiftii^ 
Hindi ( t ^ t ) f M t 
Punjabi ( w r f t ) 
History (Hreft) ^ i r o 
Arithmetic (arftajirfecp) ahfnrtrto 
Algebra ftiffqfara 
Physics (%fvTcRi) 
Home Science 
( i fa TnlarRf) 
Economics(^Ffrf^fcRi) 
Political Science 
Philosophy ( t ^ t w f t ) 
Agriculture (TJISW^R) 
Botany 
Anatomy 
Horticulture (̂ lf5ch<H >̂i) 
Medical Science 
(^r^Pef 
Language (O N R ) 
Linguistic (faPciR-dcb) 
Palmistry (^nft^t) 
3Taf97R5I 
Tî nfrfc? 7TR5I 
YTR^ 
cpfttcfsTH 
cH-wfa TTR^ 
?I?R "fasTH 
vrerH tcfen 
RlRbcUl ftlTH 
"HT̂TT 
< t 2 2 > 
SPORTS & GAMES 
Hockey (FRft) 
Goal Keeper (^fra ̂ ft̂ R) 
Penalty Corner 
Cricket ( -Rf^) 
Bowler ("^R) 
Innings 
Sixer (%CRR ) 
Stump ( ^ q ) 
L.B.W. (Tle?.^.^^.) 
Captain 
Volley Ball ( ^ *rra) 
Base Ball («Rr w ) 
Tennis (tf^Rf) 
Billiards (f^rcnfef) 
Polo (̂ fTefT) 
Shooting (^f^7!) 
Rowing (^rfr) 
Wrestling (^rrfern) 
Chess (*Rr) 
Bridge 
Carrom Board 
High Jump ( f t^ w q ) 
Tug of war ('sr 3rfa> ^ r ) 
Race (^T) 
^fcft cPT^f 
"Rtef 
f ^ r e f i l l e r 
Ifh^he WT ^ct 
Riff 
TOT 
ffifft 
faRbdf % 3fPt 
Wl 3TT wTRT 
cRTH 
?T9Jt ôTT cITefT 
^fc m ^e l 
cRf WToT 
3?R ^fc cpl "^ef 
T?cf> PcPR cpj 
"SM TR Êf̂ cfR 
XHta cTTeTT ^teJ 
^^tcPT^g 
cfm wi ^tcj Ura 
Stick ( t o ) 
Spinner (t^RR) 
Runs 
Fourer (WR?) 
Wicket 
Wicket-keeper 
(ftfcScfttR) 
Catch 
Football (^ddld) 
Basket Ball (*iR%d «rieT) 
Bully ( ^ t ) 
Short Corner ( ^ ^fiTfr) 
Batsman (t^fnto) 
Badminton (tsflteR) 
Table Tennis 
(tflTdtpRT) 
Croquet (tft%s) 
Golf ( t o ) 
Swimming (M$rn)Boxing (etfcN^i) 
Horse racing (fM^ftPT) 
Athletics (^af^fcra) 
Playing Card (^TfR 
Kabaddi 
Long Jump (cffa 
Ring Throw (t^i 2fl) 
(123) 
?T*ft elfST 
^ t^ vJWIel̂ cTTefT 
ftfer 
cpj >i-yciicHi 
^ dMchHI 
'stcpfl "rfer 
%% ulT^ RTen 
?Tcft ̂ sTdURwr cJRRT 
iT îlXH 
^ T TR cfT# 
"dcP̂ T eft 3?R 
^dT f̂Tcn ^cT 
^ F f t 
•gifeenrft 
afR ^ <t> ^sfd 
cim CFT ^sld 
e F f t f ^ 
EATABLES AND CEREALS 
Arrow-root (^1*id) 4RI*>d 
Biscuit (RlR^d) 
Bran ( i th ) •clW* 
Barley («TRet) vtf 
Break-fast (d<b 4>i*d) HISMI, chelc|| 
Buck-wheat ( t o i td ) iffajl 
Beaten paddy ( i td^ i i t ) 
Butter (*[d?) 
Broth (snar) >t>m, yilydi 
Beef ( i t o ) TRJ cf>T "TRJ 
Bread (#g) 
Bacon («|cjr) WT TRT 
Comfit O^fes) $H!Alit ciHI 
Coffee (#rq?t) 
Cake (ct>cp) 
Corn-ear (^Pii- ' f jR) 
Cheese ( i t o ) p i R 
Condensed Milk 
(He«t>) 
Castor seed 
Chapati (^mi t ) 
Curry (wft) 
Cluster bean i R ) TcfR 
Cream (t£fa) 
Curd (<?r£) 
Clarified butter i t 
Food (TJTg) i t uH 
Flour (4xHlv3>0 OTdT 
Field pea ( i f e i t ) iteT 
Fine f lour (wi^ t i h i ^ ) 
Feast (ift^d) "̂ Tcfcl 
Grain (tFt) 3RTvH 
Gum acacia (tth 3t^%?ji) i t e 
Great mil let ( i d f ield) TSJR 
Gram (um) t̂FTT 
Gruel (Tjsra) <=; (OHAJ I 
Honey ( f i t ) 
Ice-cream (3TT^ra?ta) 
Ice (3rr^fr) 
Jam (vta) 
Kidney bean (ffcsit i R ) x!MHI 
Lentil ( ^ d e f ) TRJ? 
Lunch (era) ^roi? w t ^ f t t 
Loaf(efa>) x n c i ^ 
Loaf sugar (eTtw?jfR) y t i r 
Maize (i>3) TO^ 
Mutton (^hr) to^^i^ 
Milk (ftcsp) ^sj 
Mid-day meal ^ i t d ) f ^Tcmi fcH 
Millet (l ietd) "utfR «TFJRT 
Meat ( i t d ) T T R I 
Minced Meat ( f iF*g i td ) ^tar 
Mustard (TT^i ) 
Oat (srld) ^ 
Oryza sativa (sfrfen -hifedi) sth 
Oil (3folel) ^cl 
Pigeon pea ( f i ^H i t ) S R I R 
Pea ( i t ) 
Pulse (Pe*l) ^Tel 
Puffed rice ( w t t ^ t ) "grg^r 
Pickle ( tec * ) araR 
Phaseolies mugo 
Poppy ( i r f t ) TfTRT 
Porr idge ( i t f ^ r ) ^ R n 
Pork (itcfj) Ĵ3RcFTTTR[ 
Pearl Millet (Pef t ield) 
Rice ( ^ e ) ^Tcid 
Sugar (T^R) i t i t 
Sweets ft^ 
Syrup (ftrcq) ^ t ^ 
Supper ( W ) TRT "QFTI 
Sago ( w i t ) *Hi«j«{Hi 
Sauce ( w ) rretft 
Sesame ("^Riit) 1cTcT 
Sugar candy ("9Jtr ^ 1 ) l i i t 
Semol ina ^ 
Soup (^35) ?tR«n 
Treacle ( ^ e f ) " J ? , ^ 
Tea (3t) w 
Vinegar ( f t ^ R ) 
Vegetables (iftr£*reyi) Trfferai 
Wheat ( i td) i f 
Wine (cjT^f) t r t c 
Whey (i) ttit 
< f 2 4 > 
SPICES 
Asafoetida 
Alum ( w ? ) 
Aniseed ("^Mns) 
Arsenic (3RfRnP) 
Bamboo Camphor 
Af latoon (3W>di<£H) 
Aloe (Tf^) 
Alkali 
Acid (tyfrps) 
Barilla ( - ^ m ) 
Bitumen (RI^H) 
Borax ( ' ^F f f ) 
Belladona (%cTT#RT) 
Basil (tRra) 
Black Pepper (seto ^^ r ) 
Betel-nut OSted^e) 
Catechu 
Cardamom (crn^q) 
Carbonate of Soda 
O le f i n 3TFP fffeT) 
Cinnamon (RHH'H) 
Coriander seed 
Cocaine (cptcfH) 
Cubeb (cFjira) 
Cassia (%Rrar) 
Camphor 
Caraway ($RTct) 
Chil l i 
Cloves ("cFefRyT) 
Cumin seed (CKJTHH 
Chirata ("Rrrtt) 
Datura ( ^ d ^ i ) 
Dry Ginger f ^ R ) 
Fenugreek seed 
Ginger ( t ^ R ) 
3 F T 
"TrRĝ T 
cTRH 
T r a 
Tf^RSR 
3Fd 
iTeSRSR 
RldlJTld 
-H^MII 
^cR?! 
^gmft 
cfnSJT 
iiRrar 
cblcftn 
v̂HMId 
offa 
^ R l •Rrto?it 
ar^cjj 
Galnut (JiidHd) 
Hemp 
Hog p lums (WT W f l ) 
Linseed (fcR # 3 ) 
Land cal t rop 
Liquor ice ( I ^ R T ^ ) 
Mace ("fRr) 
Myrobalan (H i^ddH) 
Musk (tr̂ p) 
Menthol ("tfafrd) 
Nutmeg ("RS^n) 
Nigella ( m d i ) 
Nux vomica (^r^rt ^frftcm) 
Oats (sfcr i ) 
Or iganum (af l f l^m) 
Pell i tory (Aftef t) 
Pepper root ( ^ r ^ e ) 
Parsley ( w ^ ) 
Poppy seed ('qTnft ^fns) 
Pisti l ( f t f ted) 
Rhubarb (^TT^) 
Rock salt (̂ TcP 
Salt 
Sandal ( ^ r a ) 
Sal-ammoniac 
("*nd-3nTtRf3TTcf>) 
Soap-nut (-rfimd) 
Saffron 
Saltpetre (Wc^te?) 
Senna ( # n ) 
Turmeric (z^rf^p) 
Tamarind (£nR-si) 
Vinegar ("RT^R) 
Yeast ("tfr3) 
Zedoary (yKgterft) 
WT 
3MdT 
3td# 
^ 
vHTft̂ t 
cb *^ 
uTRPPd 
cbciMl 
cpTdl 
Rlcblcbl̂ 3t3r3r1 
ft^Td TJd 
s^mtgr, 
•^Rrrf t , 3)vj)ciiiiH 
T̂TcP 
?T31 
cfRR ?frl 
Fc^T 
ftR^PT 
STTWT Fc^t 
/ FLOWERS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 
1. FLOWERS 
Cobra flower (cpteRT t j^ i f r ) 
Chrysanthemum (f^faJrm) 
Creeper (ffr^R) 
Daisy ( ^ l ) 
Jasmine (^-h^h) 
Knop ("RN) 
Lotus (cft^T) 
Lily (feRft) 
Marigold (Af l ' iW) 
Magnolia (i^rfrrar) 
Motia (Tfrf̂ nn) 
Narcissus (HiRfmi) 
Oleander (arffcnf^) 
P a n d a n u s (M^H>H) 
Prickly pear (filched ̂ TIR) 
Rose ("̂ TH) 
Sunflower 
Touch-me-not ("ew—^rre) 
2. FRUITS 
Apple (^lof) 
Apricot (^JlcbV) 
Almond (OTTS) 
Berry (itfl) 
Betel-nut ( f f ^ - ^ s ) 
Banana (CRHT) 
Beet root 
Black berry 
Chest-nut 
Cherry 
Currant 
Custard apple ( ^ e i ^Tcf) 
Cashewnut 
Carambola 
Coconut (cblcblHri) 
Date 
Fig ( far) 
eRTI 
JJcH^K 
cluft 
c^ra 
"ft^I 
F̂TT 
TfrfrRiT 
^nw^r 
TfcTra 
eTT̂TR 
iR 
"grrfl 
cfn̂ T 
THrĝ 
ararcte 
Trfrm 
HlR^d 
Guava ("33MT) 
Gravia asiatica 
Grape (Tfa) 
Ground-nut (Trras-'TC) 
Loquat 
Lichi (cftft) 
Lilac (fefelcb) 
Mulberry ( H d ^ ) 
3. VEGETABLES 
Amaranthus ("tTTTFsiTf) 
Brinjal (Hh3TcT) 
Bitter gourd (Hre?"^) 
Bean 
Colocasia (^CTWRWI) 
Citron (RH^IH ) 
Coriander ( c h l R ^ ) 
C a u l i f l o w e r (WC^ITOTCR) 
Carrot ( W ) 
Charantis ( W R ^ B ) 
Melon (^TeR) 
Musk-melon (TT^-' fc^) 
Mosambi ) 
Malta ("TTcSi) 
Mango 
Orange (3ft^r) 
Olive (attfera) 
Pomegranate (tMtT^) 
Plum ( ^R ) 
Pyrus malus Siercr) 
Pear (̂ fare) 
Pine apple (mî hQmo) 
Peach 
Pistachio 
Papaya (^mn) 
Raisin 
TpTcrm 
dWie 
ftchl^H 
f i n 
'IcHId 
erf̂ rarr 
Tgcfft^ 
i t^R 
^g^vn 
F̂R̂T 
"TTeST 
arm 
t r r t , ^n^ft 
3FFR, CI | F̂ -H 
d^il iNI 
3HHRT 
ffR^T 
f̂tcTT 
/ 
Sour cherry (^rre #51) ^r f l^ r f t 
Sapodil la ("Mfeen) 
Sugarcane w i 
So le (#c l ) 3TT^5R1 
Water-melon (^n^^TcH) 
Water-nut (ciid>M<i) R-iyi^i 
Yam ( ^ I M ) ^TTO^ 
Cucumber (^CF^?) 
Cabbage ) ^ 
Chill i (f%Rfi) 
Gourd 
Ginger ("fefcrc) 
Garlic (^TTfcfe) h ^ h 
Jack-fruit ( ^ c p ^ ) che^d 
Luffa (ejq>T) ffemT^ f̂tft 
Lady's-f inger ( ^ t f?irrR) 
Lime (̂ tt̂ t) 
Lettuce (cte^n) 
Mushroom (TT^TCT) 
Mint 
Onion (STPRR) 
Potato ( ^ M ) 
Pumpkin (qwjRhH) 
Pea (ift) 
Red pumpk in (^g 
Radish 
Spinach (R^HM) 
Turnip (^Pfrq) 
Tamarind (SnR-d) 
Tomato ( ^ r e f ) 
" " \ 
f ^ l 
^rare 
anci 
^ 
#cTTO>d 
WfcP 
yicHvHH 
^Tcfl 
PLANTS, TREES & THEIR PARTS 
Acacia (atchRniii) 
Bamboo (tp^) 
Banyan (erf^RR) sK'M 
Birch (er^f) 
Cactus (%-cfe î) 
Cotton ( w s r ) chMKH 
Chilli (Unffl) 
Cypress (^rr^to) 
Fir(TR) 
Oak (3fTcp) eld, elcjd 
Palm ( t t r ) cTTS 
Pine ( t t ^ ) 
Polyalthia (Mldiiifcerar) 
Shisham (tftem) yTiym 
Sandal (-H^ci) 
Teak (Sm) <HMIc|H 
Bark (cn3>) f̂ Tel 
Branch (wra) -did 
Bulb (elc«j) ^FEf 
Bud (ire) 
Coir (ebi^) 
Margosa (hu'iVhi) 
Bo-Tree (efr-#) ^Md 
B lossom ( C H W H ) 
Fruit ( ^e ) 
Fibre (TPT^R) 
Graft ( M ) 
Gum ( jm) 
Groundnut ( i iM^ne) 
Juice (V^H) 
Jute ( v ^ ) 
Lea f (3 to ) 
Pollen grain (^fr^R tR ) 
Pollen tube ("qteR ^ r ) 
Pulp (tr?q) 
Pisti l (ftffeci) 
Root ( ^ s ) 
Root-stalk (nz 
Sprout 
Stamen ( T & T R ) 
Skin (I^JR) 
Stone ( ^ r ) 
Seed 
Stem ( ^ q ) 
Thorn (afft) 
Wood ( f s ) 
<127) — 
qJef 
cpeR 
TffPFcft 
Tft 
•TOT 
W T ^PT 
W I 
^ T 
ffrĉ PT 
cpfeT 
cms 
/ PARTS OF THE BODY X 
Abdomen ( ^ T f R ) 
Arm w? 
Anus (^TH) 
Artery (sn^ft) 
Armpit (a t f t fk ) gff® 
Brain (3r ) f̂ TFT 
Bile (efT^et) ftxT 
Belly ( i r#) ^ t e ( w f t ) 
Back-bone ^ ^ [ f f f 
Breast ^ ( ^ f t ^ ) 
Beard (fao^) ^ f 
Back (tcp) i t e 
Bone («fR) 
Blood ( 
Buttock (̂ rsHfi) 
Cartilage 
Chest 
Embryo 
Face (^RT) 
Fist 
Gullet (Ti^e) 
Gum (im) 
Hand (t^s) 
Heart (f l£) 
Heel (fler) 
Hair 
Intestine ( i ^ e r ^ r ) 
Index finger ( t ^ R i ffiR?) 
Jaw (Tiff) 
Joint ("c^Rte) 
Knee 
Kidney ( f W f t ) 
Lap 
Liver (f^re) 
Little f inger (feTSc! fffnR) 
Collar-bone (ctfeR 
Cheeks (^torr) 
Chin ( f to) 
Dens Serotinous a raH^g 
Eye (3rn?) 
Ear-drum ( t ^ ^ ? ) chulqen 
Eye-lid (an^fcns) wrcp 
Eye-lash (3TTf^T) 
Ear ( t ^ ) <?>R 
ElbOW (TJe f̂) 
Eye-ball affa TjcTcft 
Eye brow (an^ «ft) 
( g^ r eft) 
"PFTef 
•feci 
r̂ra 
^ 
uH-dl 
THtf 
"TTeT 
Finger (ftR?) ?Taj ^ ^Igcft 
Foot ( i fs) ^ 
Forehead (i^ktss) c^ne 
Phalange (^ r a ) 
Pore (^frc) 7R 
Palm (TJR) 
Pulse (trar) ^ 
Penis ( ^ r e ) fcm 
Ring-finger ( t ^ r f ^ R ) aniftcbi 
Rib (for) tto^ 
Shoulder (s iWy) ^Ftn 
Soul OTTRT 
SnOUt (Wlvid) S£JR 
Skull (-*EjieO ^ r f l 
Stomach ( w w ) T fc r f t ^ 
Sole (#c7) T̂eicn 
Spleen ( ^ t o ) 
Skin (fcjR) 
Saliva (*MI$C||) ^T? 
Lip (fcR) 
Lung (eR) tFv^i 
Lock (effcp) cfTcff^cTg 
Muscle (TpRra) ggT, rkh^Ti 
Moustache TJE 
Middle-finger ("Prgcilq^R) ^ R i ^ i 
Mouth (ttt̂ st) 
Neck (^fcp) t t ^ i 
Navel ^ 
Nose 
Nipple (f̂ PTef) ^ n p 
Nostri l ( H I R < H ) ^apn 
Nail (^ei) . ^ t t^ t 
Palate ( M e ) CTT̂ 
Temple ( t ^ ra) C F T ^ I 
Thigh (arr̂ ) wet 
Toe(et) 
Trachea (tf^rai) WFF^t 
Throat i f n 
Tooth (^aj) ^tcf 
Tongue ( ^ i ) T^R 
Thumb (aw) tf'jBT 
Trunk (t<J>) 
Vein (^R) ^rt 
Waist (iRs) cptr 
Whiskers (fcRcjRf) 
Wrist (fore) ^ k ^ 
<128 
AILMENTS AND BODY CONDITIONS 
A b o r t i o n ( ^ i s i n ) 
A g u e 
A c i d i t y ( T j f a f e S O 
A s t h m a (3TWTT) 
A c n e ( t ^ ) 
A l b i n o ( ^ f e R t ) 
A n a e m i a ( T ^ r a i j 
A n o r e x i a (trt^frt) 
B r o n c h i t i s 
B e r i - B e r i ( i l f f - t f t ) 
B o i l (wracT) 
B a l d ('^Tog) 
B l i n d 
B i l e 
B r e a t h (star) 
B l e e d i n g ( ^ T f ^ r ) 
C o u g h 
C o r y z a (chlRvHi) 
C a t a r a c t 
C o n s t i p a t i o n 
C a n c e r 
C h i l l 
C h o l e r a (cbTVwi) 
C o n s u m p t i o n 
D i a r r h o e a (̂ toRUT) 
D r o p s y ( ^ t f f ) 
D a n d r u f f ( t ^ F ) 
D i a b e t e s ( ^ R t t S t a ) 
D i s l o c a t i o n ( f ^ ^ d l ^ v n ) 
D u m b ( ^ r ) 
D y s e n t e r y ( ^ i ^ t ) 
D i p h t h e r i a ( f e s s f r f c i n ) 
D e n g u e ( ^ J j 
D e b i l i t y ( t f a f M t ) 
E c z e m a ( W r t a T ) 
E p i t a x i s ( " ^ f c R r o ) 
E p i l e p s y 
F r a c t u r e 
F a i n t i n g ( M R ) 
F e v e r ( ^ r ) 
F i s t u l a ( f ^ ^ c H i ) 
Flu(q^) 
G l a n d ( ^ t e ) 
^ cfPfT 
"Efff 
TMT 
3RJ! 
ftrl 
"tfRT 
cpT eT̂TT 
f̂rfcRITfsF? 
cfmiT 
%vxTT 
sra 
arf^rrN 
uTcfRY 
"̂ fTf cpj vJd-HI 
TJfTT 
^ M t f f 
\ 
W i 
frpff 
-km 
TrtR 
G r i p i n g 
G i d d i n e s s ( f t ^ m ) 
H u n c h b a c k e d ( s M d ^ ) 
H u r t ( ^ ) 
H u n g e r ( l ^ r c ) 
H i c c u p ( f ^ s r e ) 
H e r n i a 
H o a r s e n e s s 
H e a d a c h e 
H e p a t i t i s ( ^ r f e T r ) 
I t c h 
I n d i g e s t i o n ( ^ i ^ y n ) 
I t c h e s ( ^ m ) 
I n f l a m m a t i o n ( S H ^ S H ) 
I n s o m n i a 
I n f l u e n z a ( ^ f ^ v n ) 
J a u n d i c e ( x S r f ^ T ) 
L e a n (<?R) 
L e u c o r r h o e a ( f ^ c h l R i i i ) 
L a m e ( e R ) 
L u n a c y ( c ^ W f ) 
L e p r o s y ( ^ i M f ) 
M e a s l e s 
M u m p s (^qwrrt) 
M a d 
M o l e 
M a l a r i a ( ^ RAII ) 
N a u s e a (hIRhaii) 
O b e s i t y 
O n e - e y e d (cR-3TT^§) 
O t t o r r h o e a ( a n ^ r f c m ) 
P i m p l e (f^RTd) 
P h l e g m ( ^ v R ) 
P r i c k l y H e a t 
P a i n ( ^ R ) 
P n e u m o n i a ( f ¥ f r f ^ n n ) 
P i l e s ( m ^ c v i ) 
P a r a l y s i s (^mi^R-m) 
P y o r r h o e a (mîR<ji) 
R i n g W o r m 
S h o r t - s i g h t ( t t t £ Tnrfe) 
S m a l l p o x (ttfTef-'qRFfl) 
S t o o l 
S p r a i n ("RR) 
•R r̂s 3TRT 
gnTSJ 
3TRT 
TTeJT̂ T̂T 
ftR cpl ^ 
^ R 
^ ^ 3?RI 
^ icn 
WTePR 
cPTg 
WTd 
W 
^ t R^cHI 
^ cf^n 
tPRT 
cPR WF̂T 
W R 
^ 
fWrfror 
cPT 
ft^T/^ff 
<129) y 
Sun-stroke (TR-^<J>) 
Scabies (^Mtvi) 
Stomach-ache 
Stone ( ^ R ) 
Sore ("#?) 
Swelling (>&|RHR) 
Sweat 
Typhus (^T^R) 
Tumour (e^R) 
c^oRRT 
^vHc l̂ 
Ae ^ 
•qarff 
R#RT 
"spran^R 
Tuberculosis 
Tracoma ( ) 
Tonsil (eiR-iet) 
Typhoid ( e r ^ n ^ ) 
Ulcer (3T?*R) 
Urine 
Vomit (^fifte) 
Wound (^g) 
Yawning (#fRR) 
d^lftcb 
^MtgRi 
WT5T 
"EJvRT 
RELATIONS 
Aunt (3TF5) 
Adopted daughter 
Adopted-son (x^^ifes'm) 
Bride-groom ( W T ^ - T J R ) 
Bride (sfT^g) 
Brother (w^?) 
Client (cMisjrf) 
Concubine ( c h u ^ ^ H ) 
Customer (cM-ei-R) 
Daughter (^te?) 
Daughter-in-law 
Disciple ( f e w r a ) 
Father (TPRY) 
Friend ( f t^ ) 
Father-in-law 
Grand-father (TTfe-WR?) 
Grand-mother (TTrg-TR?) 
Grand-son 
Guest (%e) 
Heir (&JR) 
Husband 
Landlord 
Lover (H^R) 
Mamma (̂ trt) 
Maternal grand-father 
Maternal grand-mother 
•gsn, ^Ml , 
tft 
M i 
ffcn 
^RT 
^RTI 
vPfkR 
M t 
3FRT 
RR7 
"RTfl 
\ 
Maternal uncle 
(*)e4o1 ofcP l̂) 
Maternal aunt 
( ^ f c T 3TT5) 
Mistress 
Mother ("R^) 
Mother's sister 
("R^rf ftree?) 
Mother-in-law 
(T^ - IR-c f t ) 
Nephew ( ^ p j j 
Niece (^ra) 
Own (atR) 
Patient ( M e ) 
Pupil (^f tef) 
Preceptor ( t M ^ ) 
Pleader (^ f rsr ) 
Relative (fojfeg) 
Step-son (^r- t r) 
Step-father ( ^ q - R ^ ) 
Step-mother (~>£q - r ^ ) 
Step-brother (-^q-fRR) 
Step-sister ( ^ - f t R e * ) 
Step-daughter ( ^ q ^re?) 
Son (tr) 
Sister (ftrcsr?) 
Son-in-law 
Sister-in-law 
(•Rrfe^-^T-cTi) 
Teacher 
Uncle (atcPei) 
Wife (cfTfTj>) 
"RRT 
"RTRt 
•R? 
•m 
R^rti , Rrar 
TRT 
YfTf 
" f ^RR 
•clFR 
MT 
Weft, RP?I, "RR, 
irrar 
Reft 
<130) 
y 
Tiring-woman 
Tir ing-room 
Satin 
Scarf (wpfr) 
Shawl (f ira) 
Saree ("*tt?I) 
Serge 
Sheet (tfte) 
Shirt (TT£) 
Silk 
Stockings (^IRMMI; 
Sleeve 
Suiting (^qfi*7!) 
TO 
"TfTuT 
wi <f>q*n 
Shirt ing (?TfSq) 
Socks (WcRT) 
Stays 
Stripped Mule 
Tape ( tq) 
Towel (zract) 
Tunic (e^Pich) 
Thread ( ^s ) 
Turban 
Uniform 
Velvet (ifc^s) 
Veil ( t d ) 
cfq ^j^rsi 
^ r f w 
q?RT 
^rfeRT 
yTqi 
q ^ , fnqn 
H^sRd 
ORNAMENTS AND JEWELS 
Anklet (^cFcte) 
Armlet (srrfcte) 
Bracelet 
Belt 
Bangle 
Brooch (^q) 
Cat's eye 3n|) 
Chain ( * R ) 
Clip (f!>dq) 
Coral (cĵ Rcf) 
Diamond (itrpts) 
Ear Ring 
Emerald 
Gold (TjtcS) 
Girdle (^r i^) 
Head Locket ( t z 
Jewellery 
Locket ( o f r ^ ) 
qT r̂a 
eUvjJe)̂ 
civqq 
TfFft 3 cRFl 
ydvHRsid "PR 
T l c t ^ t e f t 
fm 
crrĉ t 
q^n 
f̂RT 
uMljNId 
ddcJH 
Medal ( t ^ i ) dHJll 
Necklace (^cRT) 
Nose-ring (%jr f rq) 
Nose pin ( i f a ftq) •iich chi chid, cfR 
Opal (3Ttqd) 
Pearl (q^) 
Pebble (x^d) family 
Ring (#n) 
Ruby ( ^ t ) TTfura 
Sapphire ( w r r ) 
Silver 
Stud (^es) cĥ vH cbl driH 
Tiara (-fe3TRT) 
Topaz (cTfqfijf) 
Turquoise ( d ^ i ^ ) ftwlvHI 
Wreath (%>?) TTen 
Wristlet (fcRnte) cfrsi 
Zircon ( ( N ^ H ) 
CLOTHES AND WEARING APPAREL 
\ 
Alpaca (3)<HMchi) 
Banian (CIPKJH) 
Belt ( M ) 
Blanket (v foz ) 
Bodice 
Border (#£?) 
Brocade (irt%^) 
Broad Cloth (sfrgMraj) 
Brassiere (irxAzr?) 
Breeches (tftftjsr) 
Brace ( M ) 
But ton (em) 
Cal ico (fcftraft) 
Cashmira (cpnfRr) 
Chester Osfte?) 
C a p ( M ) 
Canvas 
Chintz 
Clothes (cFefr^a) 
Coat (<tfie) 
Crepe (ilR) 
Cushion 
Chemise (Trftei) 
Cloth ( M m ) 
Cloak (MTcP) 
Collar (̂ PTeR) 
Darn ("SFf) 
Damask ( ^ P R R ) 
Deep co lour (^fa <PeR) 
Drill (1M) 
Flannel (lkhî h) 
Frock (wfcp) 
^ ip -^ f -ft ^ T ZR̂T 
dfHillH 
3TPRT 
RhHKI 
RhR-aicj 
eRR 
MlilvHIHI 
ftf^RT 
eRR 
eRfl cpte 
ewl 
ftRftxf 
tfte 
C P R 
ciiylct) chqgl 
t̂st 
*fRT 
WeR 
XflR^TPft 
TT 
î cHlcftH 
Garters (^rr^rf) ftfiro 
Gloves O'efM) e w ^ 
Gauze ( w ) ^nc¥l 
Gown ( ^TRR) ^ T R T 
Hat (%e) eta 
Handkerchief ^Rra 
Half Pant wfom 
Hem (IN) iRvSt 
Jacket (T^Pe) 
Jersey ^Rff 
Jamper ( W R ) T^RR 
Knicker (ftcfR) 
Lace (eRi) 
Laces (effttui) 
Lappet (etfe) ftraR 
Light co lour (Hi^e^eR) f ^ t r 
Loin Cloth (HffR ^ a r ) 
L in ing (HisjPm) 3r?r 
Linsey Woolsey (toRT^-gcnSt) ^ r i t ^ ^ 
Loop (cJT) t p^ i 
Long Cloth (cTR ^ 
Mattress ( ^ h ) ^ 
Musl in (TRffcR) HcHHd 
Mat 
Muff ler (WcT?) 
Neck-tie (-WeiiO eTi 
Napkin (^taftn) 3r"TC5t 
Oil Cloth (atfcra c^m) f̂RXHRT 
Overcoat (artawle) epsĵ Pte 
Pett icoat (^Sfcpte) 
< T 3 i > 
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 
Bag Pipe ( t q w O 
Banjo (t^fi) tfcfi 
Bell ( t d ) 
Bugle (ejjttcT) R'Jd 
Cymbal (Rhhh) 
Clarion (c^Rah) 
Clarinet' yijHI^ 
Drumet 
Drum (^q) did, H'll-sSI 
Flute ( q ^ ) elT-ŷ l 
Guitar (fq^R) RMK 
Gong (Tffq) WT 
Gourd flute qcp) f R 
Harp ^Fi 
Harmonium (itRqtfroq) w r t f t ^ q 
Jew's harp (-^5TfTtf) ^ f t 
Piano ("fqarpfT) f^Fft 
Sarod TRte 
Tabor (teR) 
Tambourine ( t ^ f R i ^ ) 
Tom Tom (^rq^q) ^tcnp 
Violin(cfRf^R) ^Twt, "ifcTT 
Lute (ejp) "Rrtr 
Whistle 
HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES 
Almirah (QdffcKi) 
Ash ("̂ 97) 
Attache Case 
Axe ( ^RT) 
Ash-tray t ) 
Basket (<ji>kb<±) 
Bedsheet (irsVik) 
Blanket (^ f f r? ) 
Bowl (erre^) 
Bobbin (cnftR) 
Brush (sRT) 
Bucket (qfo^) 
Balance (teTRi) 
Bed (*g) 
Bed-stead (irg-^feg) 
B o x (WRRT) 
Bolster (ci id*^) 
Bottle (^fen) 
Broom (^q) 
Button ( c j ^ ) 
Candle (%fcgci) 
Carpet ( C F R ^ ) 
Cauldron (<ftd^H) 
Chest 
Chair 
s^mrfl 
R-wî ci eft "TO w l 
cf>T qra 
3R5T 
efTĉ l 
T̂teJ dRhill 
cfRToT, VlWf 
cTŜT 
Tfrn^i 
Chimney 
Comb (^ftq) 
Curtain 
Casket (cwR<be) 
Cooking gas ( ^ q % r ) 
Candle stick 
Canister 
Censor ("^RR) 
Churn (^rf) 
Chisel ( f e ra ) 
Chandelier (W^sfcPR) 
Cup (cpq) 
Cushion 
Cabinet (%f!r^) 
Dish (f%rn) 
Door-mat ( ^ R ^ ) 
Drawers ( I T S R ^ 
Electric stove 
Electricity ( W ^ f M ) 
Fan 
Fire Place ( W R ^ ) 
Fork (iftcfc) 
Funnel (qRd) 
File (tpT^cf) 
Flour Mill (lmm>{ "f̂ ra) 
ftq^ 
cfTETI 
Ri'lKtJIH 
yiHicjiH 
^TRR 
WFJH, 3TF5 
TOf eft 3idqT$ 
"Rcmfl 
MliJclM 
TOT 
cpfcTT 
3TTcT eft 
(133) 
/ 
Frying Pan (TPT |R^R) 
Flower-vase ( W R ^ ) 
Fuel (R^cf) 
Grate ( te ) 
Hubble Rubble 
(fRel-TRet) 
Hammer 
Hand-pump (|rg-RR) 
Iron plate (3TR7R^te) 
Iron (3TR7R) 
ICe-bOX effcRl) 
Jar (vHR) 
Jug (wr) 
Key Oft) 
Knife (RiftP) 
Kettle ( t o ) 
Kerosene Oil 
(MrftR sfcra) 
Ladle (#Scf) 
Lock (cftcp) 
Lamp (cRr) 
Lid (fere) 
Looking Glass 
(ejRb'l TefRT) 
Mat ( M ) 
Mallet ( M e ) 
Mortar 
Match box ( T ^ R T T O ) 
Mattress 
Mackintosh (SlfWlvi) 
Mirror (f*R?) 
Newspaper ( ^ r t m ) 
Needle ( t e ? ) 
Nut-cracker (Re M r ) 
Oil (sftoH) 
Paper (M?) 
Pastry Roller YteR) 
Palanquin 
Picture ("teR) 
Pan ( * i ) 
V 
f i R 
w 
f a M 
RRf 
w r 
M^GP^RR RTJRT 
" f t f tRRM 
eR} 
VMr, arrtRT 
wer^ 
^ c f , aft^ft 
•f̂ TRTcTTf f%f«RT 
MraR l 
VMl 
TRTETR "cp5f 
¥ 
MRT 
M 
RRRvR 
M r 
MMcfl 
< r M 
cRTen, RJeT̂ f 
Pastry Board 
Pestle ( M h ) 
Phial (tpRef) 
Pitcher (fRSR) 
Pillow ( IMl ) 
Pillow Case (1Mt Mr ) 
Plate (^re) 
Pen ( M ) 
Pincers ( fMt f ) 
Pot (RTe) 
Probe (Mi) 
Quilt ( f t^e) 
Rope (^tR) 
Sack (tR>) 
Screw Driver ( ^ ^ i ^R ) 
Shovel (?Tcra) 
Soap ( # r ) 
Sauce-pan ( # # R ) 
Swing (foR) 
Saucer ("WRR) 
Spitoon (foreR) 
Stool ( ^e l ) 
Scissors 
Sieve (#R) 
Sickle (ftRPef) 
Soap-case ( # r M i ) 
Safe 
Stove (';feta) 
Spade 
Stick ( t o ) 
Spoon (T^T) 
Thimble 
Tooth Brush 
Tray ( t ) 
Tap (%R) 
Table ( t ^ ) 
Tongs (eK i ) 
Tooth-Powder (<j«r mi^) 
Tumbler (eRcR) 
Wire ( w ) 
Wick ( f M ) 
^0011 
TfMr, efr^r 
•ETST 
tMi^p 
W l 
MR "TTcRl 
M l , M t 
MRRT 
M r t 
TTTfR 
tftcpcJM 
f?TRT| 
c i ^ 
TRfR^nft 
f M r f l 
^ 
W S 1 
T^fl 
\ 
^Rff RR f?T 
ajTcft 
ReT 
M 
fERer 
^rTRyR 
Wf f 
cTR 
<m> / 
MINERALS 
L e a d (trs) 
M a r b l e ( ^ n ^ d ) 
M e r c u r y xfRT 
M i c a ("TT^cpT) 31TO 
M u s c o v i t e 
M i n e O r t ^ t ) 
N a t r o n flu^l-islK 
O r p i m e n t ( s n f ^ ) 
P l a s t i c c l a y (MiR-ecj, g^r) 
R O C k Oi l (TRP SfRJd) iflcH tlsClfcHil̂ HI 
R e d o c h r e ( ^ s srfaR) ^Ro 
S h a l e ( ? T d ) 
S i l v e r ( f ^ R ) 
ylrv WRl 
S t e a t i t e ( ^ t e r ^ e ) 
S t e e l ( ^ t a ) Iridic! 
S u l p h u r ( w j r ) 
T i n ( f t * ) TFTI 
T o u c h - s t o n e c I R M 
V e r m i l i o n ( c r P t s r ) R H ^ 
W h i t e - l e a d {wtz^s) "M ĉJI 
Y e l l o w O c h r e ( tefr s t feR) 
A n t i m o n y 
A r s e n i c ( s r t f t e ) 
B r o n z e (sfFyT) 
B i t u m e n ( f % T R ) 
C i n n a b a r 
C o p p e r S u l p h a t e 
( W R I T E S ) 
C h a r c o a l ( W R ^ r a ) 
C o p p e r (cftxR) 
C o a l 
C o r n e l i a n ( cp t i f eRH) 
F l i n t ( f t x fe ) 
F u l l e r ' s e a r t h 3ral) 
G r e y t i n (Tt f s q ) 
G r e y C o p p e r (Tt w r ) 
G o l d (TfTeS) 
I r o n o r e ( 3 t r r ^ 3 tR ) 
I r o n ( 3 n w ! ) 
K e r o s e n e o i l 
(̂ JRHTH arwcT) 
^TRT 
irf iun 
csrar 
ftraKSta 
•Rr^j? 
cjf̂ rar 
OT^I 357 R̂TcTT 
cFM 
•qRST? <F( cftiJcil 
W T O TOR 
^eldl^ foft 
YFT1 
^Yf crNT 
eftfl 
CTTFT 
tqfr cPI^f 
PLACES, BUILDINGS AND THEIR PARTS 
1. B U I L D I N G S 
A v i a r y (T^RRT^) 
B a r r a c k ( t r o ) 
B o o k i n g o f f i c e ( f f ^ T af f f tR i ) 
B u i l d i n g ( f ^ f c ^T ) 
B u n g a l o w (CFIHI) 
C h u r c h ( r t f ) 
C l o i s t e r ( c f c n w > 0 
C o t t a g e ) 
C o l l e g e (CPT^TOT) 
F a c t o r y (%Efeff) 
F o r t ( n & i ) 
G y m n a s i u m ( t u F R S n m ) 
H o s p i t a l (^IR-Mdd) 
H o u s e 
•mq 
TOI 
•fTR̂ TI ^R 
STfanfl' 
Ĥ lRlsUlelAJ 
cpR^RT 
"f̂ dT 
SRCRTTcl 
I n n (i*t) 
I c e - f a c t o r y ( a n ^ n 
L a b o r a t o r y ( ^ e f l ) 
L u n a t i c a s y l u m 
(c^fcrcR-amifcm) 
L i b r a r y ( H T f t f i ) 
M a g a z i n e ( ^ i . J f tH ) 
M o s q u e 
M u s e u m ( ^ f v R m ) 
O r p h a n a g e (a f r fc^H) 
O c t r o i p o s t 
O f f i c e (affftRT) 
P a l a c e (tTeRT) 
P i c t u r e h o u s e ( f t i R ^ n ) 
P o s t o f f i c e 3 f f f ^ e ) 
Ixji^RT 
YWFRTIdT 
-j-in^Mii 
w 
"STcpER 
jg35) 
X School ( ^ r ) 
Slaughter-house (Mte^ fra^i) 
Temple (tRcf) 
University 
Urinal (̂ RHCH) 
Zoo (j*) 
2. THEIR PARTS 
Attic (^fM) 
Ante Chamber (M MR) 
Arch (3rrEf) 
Beam (Mi) 
Bathroom (RiaRR) 
Bar (RR) 
Bracket ( t I M ) 
Courtyard (RMtrri) 
Corbel (<*>lM) 
Cement (Mfc) 
Cornice ( M M ) 
Chimney (fMft) 
Door ( M ) 
Door-frame ("M 
Drain (M) 
Dais (^sum) 
Door-sill ( M 1 M ) 
Dome (Mr) 
Floor (MR) 
Foundation (ifcivUsn) 
Fountain ( w ^ i ) 
Granary (Mff) 
Gutter ("Re?) 
Gallery ( M f t ) 
1MTCW 
RRR^TRT 
fMIMiera 
sreifr 
M r f r 
tRR 
WS 
RMRTI 
3TFR 
M f c 
MR RR ̂TTvH 
SJ3RcF?T 
ci^clMI 
Mae 
^Mt 
w 
t M 
Mr 
M̂ HIcHI 
MTRRT 
X 
Hearth (?af) 
Kitchen (1Mh) 
Lattice (^fM) 
Lime ("Mr) 
Latrine ( ^ M ) 
Niche (fM) 
Platform 
Plinth (fMer) 
Peg (M) 
Plaster ) 
Portico (MllSch)) 
Peep-hole (MM=0 
Room (wr) 
Rafter (%Re?) 
Railing ("M*T) 
Roof ( w ) 
Sitting room (%feR wr) 
Steeple 
Shed (MO 
Store-room ( ? M 
Stair ( M j r ) 
Storey (?Mr) 
Threshold ( s^Ms) 
Tile (er?ci) 
Terrace (Mr ) 
Underground cell 
(sre^rrMs M ) 
Ventilator ( M t c M ) 
Verandah (M^sr) 
Window (fM£) 
apMf 
Mrf^R 
M t 
^TT 
e f t 
STTcTf 
^cRT 
^ P 
RcR?R 
cR^Ml 
MRRI 
?I?M 
wr 
tep 
Mtr 
^cftvH 
•QRM 
M ^ f ^ r 
cf̂ WRT 
Mtr̂TR 
RTpfRTf 
Rsl̂ cft 
< 1 3 6 ) / 
X STATIONERY \ 
Almirah (^crf^Ri) 
Blank-paper (*3icp ^m) 
Blott ing-paper 
xltre) 
Bench 
Bodkin 
C o r k ("EPT£) 
Card (gn^) 
Copying pencil 
(wftrfn 
Call-bell (cpra t d ) 
Compass 
Clip (fcfOT) 
Crayon (tP^R) 
Carbon-paper ^ r ) 
Counterfoi l (cbivi>e>< ) 
Drawing-pin ft*) 
Divider ( f t g r?^ ) 
Dictionary 
Daily-paper Aq?) 
Eraser ( ? ^ R ) 
Easy-chair 
Exercise-book 
( W R O T ^ f ^ ) 
File (wfe i ) 
Glue 
Gum (*q) 
Holder 
Ink ( f ^ ) 
3TeRT?! 
-H^dl 
Ira 
XRcFR 
P̂RuT 
3TTS?r T ^ k , ĴTTsn 
^ i f q f t * 
qcpR 
^ftcp q?t 
TcTS 
3TRR gRft 
^nf r 
Ink-pot ( t ^ - q f t ) 
Ink-pad ( t ^ 
Ledger (cW?) 
Magazine (#q>#R) 
Map (%q) 
N ib ( f t ^ ) 
Paper 
Packing-paper (^tf^q-^tq?) 
Pen (^R) 
Paper-cutter ( ^m 
Pin ( f t * ) 
Pin-cushion ( f t * <pR) 
Punch (xra) 
Pencil (xfRrd) 
Paper-weight 
Protractor ( t f f c f ^ ) 
Ruler 
Receipt book (fttfte <̂ P) 
Register 
Rubber-stamp ( w * ^ q ) 
Slate 
Seal (#cf) 
Tracing Cloth ( t ^ R ^ f m ) 
Tape( tq ) 
Tag ( tq ) 
Tracing paper 
Writ ing Pad ( ^ f t q ^ ) 
Waste-paper-basket 
(•ER5 xPR cl^fche) 
qftcm 
cPRvH 
^PcR 
cbMlvH 
3TTc7ft* 
STlcfftq cRft ^ 
cPŶ eft ThSRft 
iprq^^rra 
^rr^T 
f̂icR 
" ^ ^ f t f t l R 
fete 
ft^t^pq^i 
xftrTT 
cftcHcJK ^tf t 
3TTO cpRvH 
eft q f i 
Ttr eft^fepff 
<137> 
/ T O O L S \ 
\ 
Axe (Mh) 
Awl (AM) 
Auger ( M R ) 
Axis (̂ HHNH) 
Anvi l ( M F M ) 
Anchor ( M f R ) 
Balance ( M n ) 
Bar-share (RR M R ) 
Bellows (MLYI) 
Bead plane ( M M r ) 
Bagging hook ( M r r ^ ) 
Blow-pipe ( M M * 0 
Cone ( M i ) 
Clamp ( M R ) 
Compass 
Colter ( M e ? ) 
Cleat ( M T E ) 
Chisel 
Drill ( f M ) 
Dibble(fMra) 
Fishing rod ( f q M r M ) 
File 
Fast ( w e ) 
Gauge ( M ) 
Hammer (t*R) 
Hand saw ( M # ) 
Jack-plane ( " M M r ) 
Lever (<fore) 
Loom (ep) 
Lathe ( M I ) 
Lancet ( # M ) 
Mortar ( M ? ) 
Mallet ( M O 
jfc-Sli), M l 
t j a n 
"ERRT 
1MTt 
c M 
qMf 
sjfMl 
cĵ i-cTl 
eft Pi All, fy 
M l 
?TTcf 
iMtRRTCTf 
TfM Cpl T R 
faMl , f a M 
ÊTeM eft M l 
M r M i ^ s 
R̂tR elMt eft Mt 
O W c l 
Needle point 
( M e i 
Oar (M) 
Oil-mill ( M r a l M ) 
Pruning shear (TJpFT fM?) 
Plough share (•̂cire; Mr) 
Plumb line ( w eTT r̂) 
Plough 
Razor (M?) 
Rebate Plane ( f t M M r ) 
Rasp(trt) 
Rudder (^5?) 
Smoothing plane 
Sickle ( fMc i ) 
Scissors (RH.VJKI) 
Sugar mil l (Y^RIM) 
Screw-driver ( ^ ^ i f g ? ) 
Stock and dies 
^5TZRT) 
Syringe ("RrfM) 
Saw (-tfi) 
Spade (Ms) 
Screw (?*£) 
Spanner ( M R ) 
Trying plane (^ifR M l ) 
Try square ("5T? ?M3R) 
Tooling plane (M^M t ) 
Trowel (era^O 
Vice (rti??) 
^ T , MdclK 
ePT W 
"̂ RRT 
M n , M l M i 
M i s t e r 
^l-vTl 
M t M̂I RTcTI 
MRRI 
r tMI I 
M r a M 
a M 
^RTeT, TpicTfl, MRT 
M M eft M l 
^gfMi 
M i M 
r M I 
M , fyIcHvH! 
<138) y 
WARFARE 
Army (srpff) 
Armaments (3rmf#CTr) 
Ammuni t ion (î Pujh) 
Atom bomb (^eq •#}) 
Aggression (art?H) 
Auxil iary force 
Atomic Warfare 
(SRTfiRP 
Armour (armre) 
Attack (aftcp) 
Anti-aircraft gun 
WfPTTC^H) 
Battle field 
Battle-ship (t^ef %q) 
Bombardment 
(eN^I^'d) 
Blockade (̂ cfrct̂ s) 
Belligerent Nation 
(^lel'KC 
Battle ( ^ c f ) 
Blood shed (^ns f rs) 
Bomb ("#?) 
Brute force q^ntf) 
Bullet (fete) 
Cartridge (cbw^) 
Cavalry (%qef?[) 
Cannon-ball 
Campaign ( ^ R ) 
Commander-in-chief 
Conscript ion 
Civil-war ( fafc^qR) 
Cannon (%qq) 
Cease-fire (^flra w r ) 
^Ri 
SFjqq 
\ 
cf̂ ra 
3HfhHul 
c l l ^H cfrq 
W T M T 
cR aTTtPRTTT 
HlcbN-41 
eTŜ cfTcTT 
qq 
^Mf 
tj-sw-wu itfi 
T̂tq cPT̂ tefT 
^HNfcl 
fcRR 
Combatants ( ) 
Demolization 
(•̂HICHÎH) 
Defence Ministry 
(f^fRT ftPi*-^) 
Destroyer 
Defence Service 
Expedit ion ( W T M ? R ) 
Enemy ( ^ n f l ) 
Explosive-Bomb 
Fortif ication 
Field Marshal 
(qStegqrcfa) 
Fighter 
Guerilla (^ f^T) 
Gas-mask 
Gun-powder ( t r qra^?) 
Land-force (3rs-q>Rf) 
Mutiny ( ^ f t ^ t ) 
Machine-gun (qyTH'H) 
Navy ( ^ f ) 
Operation (siTm̂ m) 
Prisoners-of-War 
(fitvR^-ami-ifR) 
Provisions (TftfeRH) 
Recruitment ( R s ^ ' d ) 
Seize ( # 3 ) 
Strategy ( ^ e ^ ) 
Submarine (f iqqfR) 
Troops (^RI) 
Treaty 
Torpedo boat 
( z T ^ t cte) 
^ q q 
^en qpfaifl 
arfqqR, q̂ aTR 
£RT% r̂ q ^ "̂ iTen qq 
ftcfR^t 
^RT qq qtIR arftqqft 
cTglf cqgqR 
q R ^ 
iteci 
faTr? 
qTĉ i cfrq 
^ "qfcl 
^p fq^ t 
qtviR WT?fr 
•ERT 
f i f q f o r a 
MH -̂̂ I 
"̂ RT 
<139) y 
IN THE HOSPITAL 
Hospital (^iR^dd) 
Clinic (f^Pich) 
Doctor (Me?) 
Nurse ( M ) 
Operation Theatre f§iM?) 
Children Ward 
Bleeding ( M f M ) 
Medicines (AteR-m-i) 
Pill 
Blood Pressure 
Urine Test 
Blood Test ("Serstre) 
Compounder (RTRRVJU^?) 
Patient Ward ( M r c M ) 
Emergency Ward 
(fR?Mt M ) 
Ladies Ward ( ^ M r M ) 
Dead Body, Corpse 
Injection (MR?TR) 
Mixture (M?TR?) 
Temperature (£MR?) 
Stool Test t?e) 
Sputum Test (?*?jeR t?e) 
Ambulance ( M g M ) 
Dose ( M F ) 
Thermometer ( M f M ? ) 
Injured 
Syrup ( M R ) 
Syringe ( fa lM) 
Anaesthetist (M?afrMe) 
Anaesthesia (MtcMrt) 
Anaesthetize (arMsreTM) 
\ 
fMMmera 
Ul^^d oMlTcTO 
RjRboHcb 
?tfMf Rft w 
RR̂T RTcft RR><HI 
yicilRhiJI RR RfR?T 
R M R R R>!H 
R J R T 
MrfSr 
e M M f t 
?RTTRTR 
TJR Msrn 
^ M ^ t M RToTF 
Mf l R>«1 
ftMf R R R * S T 
crm 
M r 
3TR fRSPR 
dlMRH 
e#[RRM«T<R 
RcTRR M«R 
M f RT?R 
RRRTRR5 
M c i fMra eRT 
RlRboHI^MftRM 
r i # M n M i 
MRTRMrtht 
ftrfMfTR) 
• G A R R R T 
Bandage ( t f M ) 
Bottle (MCT) 
Wheel Chair M ? ) 
Orthopaedic (anstf^fM) 
Physician ([̂ RHRWH) 
Specialist (?MfMe) 
E.C.G. ( ^ . M M ) 
Fracture ( M r ? ) 
Dispensary ( f M r M l ) 
Maternity Home 
( • rMMI M ) 
Cotton (R5feR) 
Stretcher (?M?) 
Plaster (w*e?) 
Surgery (?rM^) 
Surgeon (?M?) 
Ophthalmic (3RRM*TR*) 
X-ray ( W K * ) 
O.P.D. (art M M ) 
Unconscious 
(3TRMTTI?I) 
Antibiotic ( M M ^ t f M ) 
Stethoscope (?£MMr) 
Capsule (MRJ?T) 
Postmortem Room 
Analeptic ( ^MfM?) 
Disease ( f e M i ) 
RM R? RMt 
Rfltff RTcft 
M P F I M T T R 
HrfMFfR) 
M w RR MM Mspi 
i f tRR^eWRF eRraiRI, MtTTeTR 
v5T5R "ER 
M Mft M TJR> uFT? ?f 
^ M f TRR? ?ainwRd 
R M ^ t M t 
RH?d? Mrr? MR̂S M RTcR 
1Mh?TR) 
3TR3 faRFT ^ TTRR? eft ?f?R 
W 1MR RT?J Mliil' RR MRR 
cftdlUj ^ n 
M k eft yrsRR ̂ gR^ t̂rM ST?T UMT 
MRI vM RTen M eM ?M RR 
• M l £IRR> 7IR RR RvR?l 
M M % RTR dlchd Mnfr 
< T 4 0 ) 
PROFESSION AND OCCUPATIONS 
Actor (^fe?) 
Advocate (i?MrM) 
Agriculturist 
Artist (anMe) 
Astrologer (SRMM?) 
Auctioneer (af iMM?) 
Accountant (areMee) 
Author ( M r ) 
Auditor ( M M ? ) 
Artisan (3ttMr) 
Agent ( M e ) 
Blacksmith (CCWR-HSJ) 
Baker ( M ? ) 
Bakery ( M M 
Brokerage (Mrt̂ t) 
Banker ( M ? ) 
Book-binder (ftp rt^s?) 
Bookman (^JMT) 
Butler (Ren?) 
Boat-man ( M M ) 
Beggar (M?) 
Blacksmith ( M p f M i ) 
Bake ( M ) 
Broker ( M r ) 
Butcher (f^rc) 
Barber (wrr?) 
Bankrupt (M?<e) 
Book-seller (^pMr) 
Boutique ( f M ) 
Betel-seller (M^MR) 
Beauty Parlour (egSnflM 
Brazier ( M r ? ) 
Confectioner (rrM?r?) 
Chemist ( M R S ) 
RRcfi 
M t a 
cfRc£ 
Mrpr 
eR3cP fMraRft M-sidlcH 
CJTEFT fMWR 
MtIMT 
"fMpe, ^Ref-Ml 
M t Rrari hi-MI^ 
RMR5T cbK<slHI 
^cMr 
-HÎ cJJK 
IM^ttmI 
•fMra cfT̂n 
"RMT? 
WRT 
^erra 
M 
MMrt 
fMcTT 
M M r % ^rra 
M ^ M c&!?STR 
trMI T̂R Ml R5T ?«TR 
M i 
3TMl W 
M^l cfTen 
Contractor (R>Mie?) 
Cook (cpfi) 
Clerk (Mcp) 
Constable ( M £ f M ) 
Chauffeur ( M P ? ) 
Carpentry ( w M e f t ) 
Carrier (%ftq?) 
Conductor (RreRe?) 
Coachman ( M M F ) 
Compounder ( p r o ) 
Cobbler (Mra?) 
Cloth-merchant (MraiMPe) 
Compositor (rMhM?) 
Computer Operator 
(lERTCCp? 3lMe?) 
Carpenter (cprM?) 
Cashier (%fM?) 
Cleaner ( M M ) 
Carder ( r M ? ) 
Coolie 
Doctor ( M R ? ) 
Draughtsman 
(^ I^H^H) 
Darner ( M ? ) 
Dentist ( ^ i M ) 
Dramatist (^RiMe) 
Draper (M?) 
Dancer ( ^ r r ) 
Dyer (^r?) 
Druggist URiw) 
Driver ( ^ R ? ) 
Drummer ( ^ r ) 
Enameller (M^CR) 
Editor ( M e ? ) 
Examiner ( t^tMr?) 
"Engineer (MrfM?) 
Fisherman (1Mr^R) 
Farmer ( w h ) 
£Mr 
??fr?RT 
fofM 
cPT? Ml WlefT cPI cPR 
clinch 
MMT 
MrfETRM RlefT 
MFT 
ePHFH 
M 3 3TSR TifrM cTRTT 
cb^jd^ WPFRP 
M R ? M cncn 
gfMT 
ĤKciî cb 
M?e? 
Rcf?TRMl 
MffRR^rae? 
HldcpcPN 
WPiT 
^TTM cflefl 
? T R T T U I , E F M T 
^ M M ^ R T e n 
Mtppr 
MsicP MR̂TT 
1Mtr 
<141> 
/ 
\ 
Grocer (#TR) 
Gate keeper 
Groom ( ip ) 
Gardener (^i^R) 
Green-grocer (fHrfnrR) 
Goldsmith ('iWR-Haj) 
Glazier (^rfvRR) 
Hawker (FfaR) 
inspector (^me^) 
Inkman 
Jeweller 
Juggler (^FICR) 
Lawyer (cfaR) 
Landlord 
Milk-man (fac^iM) 
Milk-maid 
Messenger (^Rr^R) 
Mid-wife (firs mpft) 
Merchant 
Manager 
Miner (th^R) 
Mason (^R r) 
Magician (̂ f̂ RR) 
Musician (^Riah) 
Novelist (HNRH^) 
Nurse (^rtf) Oil man (strih ̂ R) 
Peon 
Porter (^M^) 
Priest (tfr^e) 
Perfumer (WFjfR) 
Pedlar (̂ TScR) 
Painter 
Postman (^Re^r) 
Pilot (Mi^de) 
Potter ( T O ) 
Physician (fMurf^RR) 
Pleader 
Proprietor ( T r t w ^ ) 
w f f 
siKMId 
"W^fr 
^TR 
VfRTT cTTT̂ cITcTr 
cTTĈT 
iT^Tfr 
"̂ raster 
W-fftJR 
ĴT iTET̂ t cflcn 
cRf̂ cfTeft 
^rf^?] cn?cp 
^ 
C A I N I ^ 
^nRitR^^ncn 
TT01 
TMŶCPN 
^tftcT 
M t cJToTT 
R̂TTXiT 
^iRhill, M-jIclinch 
cliyiJH *TTeTcf> 
^ f R 
f̂c t̂H 
Hlldcfc 
Photographer ( W m m ) ^ t r̂raT 
Prose-writer ('sfrMRTfŝ ) iract^P 
Poet (trftre) 
Publisher (uRd^us 
Principal (fy'R-md) 
Retailer (ftt^R) 
Sculptor (-i-chĉ ev) 
Shoe-maker ("St-"*^) 
Stamp-vendor 
( ^ q i r ^ r ) 
Sanitary Inspector 
( M f s f r t ^ f ^ ) 
Sailor ("fT̂ R) 
Shop keeper ( w r a ^ ) 
Shepherd 
Stamp maker(7M%cjr?) 
Sweeper (^^fm) 
Surgeon ( ^ f a ) 
Seeds-man 
Tanner (t^R) 
Tailor (tcR) 
Tenant ( t ^ s ) 
Tin-man 
Treasurer(t^R?) 
Teacher (£TSR) 
Trader 
Tutor (^ff?) 
Turner 
T.T.E. 
Watchman (<JN£H) 
Washerman (^teR^R) 
Wholesale dealer 
(£)d*ld ^feR) 
Uchiyich 
TjyMNIil 
^qmiff 
TTcSR^I^ cITCTT 
Tfr̂ rt 
^ qTefT^PFRR 
Tens frtF? ^rrai 
P̂TR 
ftRTt^R 
cTTdT 
3TSZJTCcf> 
cymî ! 
•ER TR ^Tefl 
cPTR cfR̂ f cfrar 
tcTfepS WtSTcP 
yt f l 
artcp CAINÎ I 
Writer eftacfi 
Watch-maker ti^^ivH 
Water-carrier 
Waiter (cfs^) t^i 
Weaver ( % r ) 
(?42) 
POLICE DEPARTMENT 
I.G. (sn^.^t.) H îPî sre* 
(Inspector General of Police) 
(fTPfcfe? yR^et 31TO "jfcTO) 
S.P (t^.Tff.) ^ r o ^ a r ^ 
(Superintendent of Police) 
S.H.O. (TRI. art.) arr^R 
(Station House Officer) 
Sub-Inspector (^ra-^ckiv) "ot s i f^r 
Assistant Sub-Inspector 
(arftrefe w - w f t ^ ) 
Kotwal (cbldciid) 
Armed Police (an^g ^fcra) 
Flying Squad (MxHî i 
Control Room (^ te i "Pfwi cp«f 
Theft (dme) 
ĉJelclK 
2JFRR 
Thief 
Smuggler (wTerc) 
Beat Constable 
Stabbing O&fthi) 
D.I.G. (̂ .3TT 
(Deputy Inspector General) 
"Eftff 
MI'lih! 
^q-^Tft frar^ 
D.S.P. ( ^ . t r t ^ . ) 
(Deputy Superintendent 
of Police) 
(fet^i T r g ^ ^ s "gfcTO) 
Police Station ( ^ t o t & t r ) 8JHT 
Constable (<KI^«IH) 
Traffic Police ( t f ^ ^ m ) 
'gfera 
^IdWId 
gfcm 
Dogs Squad (̂ FT 
Warrant (c|fc) 
Robbery (^rafl) 
Dacoity 
Pick-pocket (ft^-qTfe) 
Murder (TR^) 
Cheating 
Challan ( * I M H ) 
Security (RHcNjR<?i) 
Investigation (^t^Mtr) 
C.I.D. (#.3TT|.^.) 
(Criminal Investigation 
Department) 
(ftbf̂ McH s H ^ ^ I H Rsm<9fd) 
Tear Gas (£n?%r) 
Smuggling (wifctn) 
On Bail (3TR %cf) 
Under Police Custody 
C.B.I. 
(Central Bureau of 
Investigation) 
("tf^H 31TO 
Firing 
Remand ("Rw^s) 
Gang (%r) 
<143) 
tftfl TTTcf HFTT ^t 
vjTFTT, ^ p f l 
vHHIHd 
f^wm 
TfTĉ t *]<HHI 
^wdiw % fen? 
SRTcRl ̂ f̂̂ R? 
fl^RRT^' ^5RT 
/ JUBILEE TABLE \ 
1 Year Anniversary (^rcf f i ) clinch wr^ l 
25 Years Silver Jubilee vjpicft) 
50 Years Golden Jubilee ( ' i W h vipicft) 
60 Years Diamond Jubilee 
NUMERALS 
CARDINAL NUMBERS ORDINAL NUMBERS 
1 One 1st First 
2 Two 2nd Second 
3 Three 3rd Third 
4 Four 4th Fourth 
5 Five 5th Fifth 
6 Six 6th Sixth 
7 Seven 7th Seventh 
8 Eight 8th Eighth 
9 Nine 9th Ninth 
10 Ten 10th Tenth 
11 Eleven 11th Eleventh 
12 Twelve 12th Twelfth 
13 Thirteen 13th Thirteenth 
14 Fourteen 14th Fourteenth 
15 Fifteen 15th Fifteenth 
16 Sixteen 16th Sixteenth 
17 Seventeen 17th Seventeenth 
18 Eighteen 18th Eighteenth 
19 Nineteen 19th Nineteenth 
20 Twenty 20th Twentieth 
21 Twenty-one 21st Twenty-first 
22 Twenty-two 22nd Twenty-second 
30 Thirty 30th Thirtieth 
40 Forty 40th Fortieth 
50 Fifty 50th Fiftieth 
60 Sixty 60th Sixtieth 
70 Seventy 70th Seventieth 
80 Eighty 80th Eightieth 
90 Ninety 90th Ninetieth 
100 One/a Hundred 100th Hundredth 
101 A Hundred and one 101st Hundred-and-first 
200 Two Hundred 200th Two Hundredth 
1,000 One/a Thousand 1,000th Thousandth 
2,000 Two Thousand 2,000th Two Thousandth 
. 1,000,000 One/ a Million 1,000,000th Millionth \ / 
/ INDIAN SYSTEM OF NUMBERS 
One 1 In this system, we put a comma 
Ten 10 between the 3rd and 4th digits from 
Hundred 100 the right,afterwards, the numbers are 
Thousand 1,000 placed in groups of 2, called periods, 
Ten Thousand 10,000 and a comma is put after each period. 
Lakh 1,00,000 
and a comma is put after each period. 
Ten Lakh 10,00,000 47,72,23,60,01,22,895 
Crore 1,00,00,000 Forty seven neel seventy two kharab 
Ten Crore 10,00,00,000 twenty three arab sixty crore one lakh 
Arab 1,00,00,00,000 twenty two thousand eight hundred 
Ten Arab 10,00,00,00,000 and ninety five. 
Kharab 1,00,00,00,00,000 Infinity 
Ten Kharab 10,00,00,00,00,000 A number that is too big to count. 
Neel 1,00,00,00,00,00,000 An infinite quantity is endless and 
Ten Neel 10,00,00,00,00,00,000 cannot be measured. An infinitesimal 
Infinite 10,00,00,00,00,00,000000 object is too small to be measured. 
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF NUMBERS 
One 
Ten 
Hundred 
Thousand 
Ten Thousand 
Hundred Thousand 
Million 
Billion 
Trillion 
1 
10 
100 
1,000 
10,000 
100,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000,000 
1,000,000,000,000 
British 
247,237,600,221,895 
Two hundred forty seven billion two 
hundred thirty seven thousand six 
hundred million two hundred twenty one 
thousand eight hundred and ninety five. 
In this system, the numbers are placed in 
groups of 3, called periods, and a comma is 
put after each period from the right. 
Note : In England :1 Billion = Million Millions 
In USA & France : 1 Billion = Thousand Millions 
American 
247,237,600,221,895 
Two hundred forty seven trillion two 
hundred thirty seven billion six hundred 
million two hundred twenty one thousand 
eight hundred and ninety five. 
NATURAL NUMBERS 
(OR) COUNTING 
NUMBERS 
All the numbers starting from 
ONE are called "NATURAL" 
numbers, (i.e.) 
N = {1,2,3,4,5,6 } 
WHOLE 
NUMBERS 
All natural numbers 
along with ZERO (0) 
are called "WHOLE" 
numbers, (i.e.) 
W = {0,1,2,3,4 } 
EVEN NUMBERS 
Any number which is exactly 
divisible by 2 is called an 
"EVEN" number. Example : 
2,4,6,8,10,14,48,56,120 etc 
Note : If the last figure of a 
number is 0,2,4,6 or 8 the 
number is EVEN. 
ODD NUMBERS 
Any number which is NOT exactly divisible by 2 is called an "ODD" number. 
Example: 1,3,5,7,9,21,125 etc. 
.Note : If the last figure of a number is 1,3,5,7 or 9,the number is ODD. 
<m) 
PRIME NUMBERS 
Any number which is divisible only by 
1 and by itself is called a "PRIME" 
number. The 25 prime numbers below 
100 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 
31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 
79, 83, 89 and 97 
Note : 2 is the only even number which 
is prime. 
FRACTIONAL NUMBERS : 
(FRACTIONS) 
Any number which is a part of a whole 
is called a "FRACTION". These 
numbers are written as 
1/2, 2/5, 3/5, 5/6 etc. 1/2 is a part of 1 
(whole) 
FRACTIONAL NUMBERS 
& NAMES 
Number Name 
1/2 a Half 
1/3 a Third 
2/3 Two-thirds 
1/4 a Quarter 
3/4 Three-quarters 
1/5 a Fifth 
2/5 Two-fifth 
151/4 Fifteen and a 
quarter 
5/6 Five-sixths 
1/7 a Seventh 
1/10 a Tenth 
1/20 a Twentieth 
1/100 a Hundredth 
SQUARES OF NUMBERS 
Any number obtained by multiplying a 
number once by itself is the 
"SQUARE" of the number, 
e.g. 4x4 gives 16. Therefore 16 is the 
square of 4. 
5x5 gives 25. Therefore 25 is the 
square of 5. 
• d 
Squares of Numbers 1-20 
Numbers Squares 
1 1 
2 4 
3 9 
4 16 
5 25 
6 36 
7 49 
8 64 
9 81 
10 100 
11 121 
12 144 
13 169 
14 196 
15 225 
16 256 
17 289 
18 324 
19 361 
20 400 
CUBES OF NUMBERS 
Any number obtained by multiplying a 
number twice by itself is the "CUBE" 
of that number. 
e.g. 3x3x3 gives 27. Therefore 27 is the 
cube of 3. 
6> 
DECIMAL NUMBERS 
Fractional numbers can also be 
indicated by placing a dot called the 
"DECIMAL POINT". 
e.g. the fraction 1/4 can be written as 
0.25 
1/2 can be written as 0.50 
3/4 can be written as 0.75 
In English, a point (.) is use instead of a 
comma when writing decimals. We also 
say point when speaking the number. 
The stress falls on the last figure : 
15.2 (fifteen point two) 
If there is more than one figure after 
the decimal point, we say each 
separately: 
15.25 fifteen point two five 
3.142 three point one four two 
In numbers less than one, for example 
0.15, we say zero point one five, point 
one five or, some times in British 
English, nought point one five. 
/ ROMAN NUMBERS 
Roman numerals are not widely used, but used often enough so you should be able to 
read or interpret them. Following is a table of Arabic Numerals and their equivalent 
Roman Numerals. 
TABLE OF ROMAN NUMERALS. 
Arabic Roman Arabic Roman 
Numeral Numeral Numeral Numeral 
1 I 50 L 
2 II 60 LX 
3 III 70 LXX 
4 IV 80 LXXX 
5 V 90 XC 
6 VI 100 C 
7 VII 200 CC 
8 VIII 300 CCC 
9 IX 400 CD 
10 X 500 D 
11 XI 600 DC 
12 XII 700 DCC 
13 XIII 800 DCCC 
14 XIV 900 CM 
15 XV 1,000 M 
16 XVI 4,000 MV 
17 XVII 5,000 V 
18 XVIII 10,000 X 
19 XIX 15,000 XV 
20 XX 20,000 XX 
30 XXX 100,000 C 
40 XL 1,000,000 M 
\ <H!> 
/ The following examples illustrate the use and meaning of Roman Numerals. 
1. A Roman Numeral or letter preceding a letter of greater value subtracts from it : 
V = 5 IV = 4 
L = 50 XL = 40C = 100 XC = 90 
2. A letter preceding a letter of equal of lesser value adds to it. 
V = 5 VI = 6 
L = 50 LX = 60 
C = 100 CXI = 111 
3. You will quickly, of course, be able to remember and recognize smaller numbers. 
XVI = 16 
X (10) + VI (6) = 16 
XLIV = 44 
XL (40) + IV (4) = 44 
XCI = 91 
XC (90) + I (1) = 91 
For larger number simply examine the numbers and break it down into its elements 
and you will readily interpret the number. You will be able to recognize the elements or 
parts by applying rules 1 and 2 given above or by looking at the table of Roman 
Numerals. 
CDXCIII = 493 
CD (400) + XC (90) + III (3) = 493 
MDCLXXV = 1,675 
M (1,000) + DC (600) + LXX (70) 
+ V (5) = 1,675 
DCXCIX = 699 
DC (600) + DC (90) + IX (9) = 699 
4. A bar over a Roman Numeral multiplies it by 1,000. 
MV = 4,000 V = 5,000 
XV = 15,000 XX = 20,000 
\ <148> 
/ TABLES AT A GLANCE 
Read from left to right and then from top to bottom to get the desired multiplication. 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 
7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140 
8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160 
9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180 
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132 143 154 165 176 187 198 209 220 
12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 216 228 240 
13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117 130 143 156 169 182 195 208 221 234 247 260 
14 28 42 56 70 84 98 112 126 140 154 168 182 196 210 224 238 252 266 280 
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 
16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 256 272 288 304 320 
17 34 51 68 85 102 119 136 153 170 187 204 221 238 255 272 289 306 323 340 
18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 306 324 342 360 
19 38 57 76 95 114 133 152 171 190 209 228 247 266 285 304 323 342 361 380 
20 
\ 
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 7 
/ MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS 
+ 1. plus, addition sign 2. positive 
- 1. minus, subtraction sign 
2. negative 
x multiplied by 
- divided by; also indicated by 
oblique stroke (8/2) 
or horizontal line 
= equals; is equal to 
t is not equal to 
= is identical with; is congruent to 
~ difference between; is equivalent to 
= ~is approximately equal to 
> is greater than 
< is less than 
^ is not greater than 
< is not less than 
< less than or equal to 
> greater than or equal to 
a is isomorphic to 
is to; ratio sign 
: : as used between ratio 
00 infinity 
* varies as, proportional to 
.. therefore 
since, because 
L angle 
L right angle 
1 is perpendicular to 
II is parallel to 
% per cent 
0 circle; circumference 
n arc of a circle 
A triangle 
• square 
1=1 rectangle 
[J parallelogram 
4 radical sign (i.e. square root sign) 
5 sum 
f integral 
U union 
ft intersection 
e is a member of; is an element of; 
belongs to 
— is contained as subclass within 
D contains as subclass 
{ } set braces 
0 the empty set. 
II absolute value of; modulus of 
<i is a normal subgroup of 
M mean (population) 
a standard deviation (population) 
mean (sample) 
5 standard deviation (sample) 
TT ratio of circumference of any 
circle to its diameter 
base of natural logarithms 
° degrees of arc or temperature 
' minutes of arc or time; feet 
" seconds of arc of time; inches 
•<SQ i> 
MEASUREMENT 
2 
12 
20 
144 
12 
NUMBERS MEASURES 
= 1 
= 1 pair 
= 1 dozen 
= 1 score 
= 1 gross 
= 1 gross 
1 great gross 
Unit 
units 
units 
units 
units 
dozen 
1723 units or 
PAPER MEASURES 
24 sheets = 1 quire 
20 quires 
1 perfect ream 
10 reams 
500 sheets 
= 1 ream 
= 516 sheets 
= 1 bale 
= 1 commercial 
ream 
MEASURING TIME 
Time is measured through the 
following facts. It takes 3651/4 days for 
the Earth to go once round the Sun. 
It takes 24 hours (one day) for the 
Earth to make one full rotation on its 
axis. 
60 Seconds 
60 Minutes 
24 Hours 
7 Days 
28,29,30 or 31 Days 
12 Months 
365 Days 
366 Days 
10 Years 
100 Years 
1000 Years 
= 1 Minute 
= 1 Hour 
= 1 Day 
= 1 Week 
= 1 Month 
= 1 Year 
= 1 Year 
= 1 Leap Year 
= 1 Decade 
= 1 Century 
= 10 Centuries 
= Millennium 
Note : Fortnight means a period of two 
weeks. 
DENOTING TIME 
The time after midnight and before 
noon is referred to as Ante-Meridien 
(a.m.) e.g. 3 a.m. 
The time after noon and before 
midnight is referred to as Post-
Meridien (p.m.) e.g. 6 p.m. 
MEASURING WEEK 
Number 
of the day 
1. 
British Indian 
Sunday Ravivar 
2. Monday Somvar 
3. Tuesday Mangalvar 
4. Wednesday Budhvar 
5. Thursday Guruvar 
6. Friday Shukravar 
7. Saturday Shanivar 
MEASURING YEAR 
1. January 31 days 
2. February 28 days 
3. March 31 days 
4. April 30 days 
5. May 31 days 
6. June 30 days 
7. July 31 days 
8. August 31 days 
9. September 30 days 
10. October 31 days 
11. November 30 days 
12. December 31 days 
<151) 
Thirty Days have September, 
April, June and November, 
February has twenty-eight alone, 
And all the rest have thirty-one ! 
Except in a leap year, there's the time 
when February's days are twenty-nine. 
X MEANING OF METRIC PREFIXES 
Thousand 
1000 
Kilo 
Hundred 
100 
hecto 
Ten 
10 
deca 
Basic Unit 
1 
Metric 
units 
metre, 
litre, 
gram 
Tenth 
1 '10 
deci 
Hundredth 
1/100 
centi 
Thousandth 
A 
'1000 
milli 
MEASUREMENT OF WEIGHT 
10 Milligrams (mg) = 1 Centigram 
10 Centigrams = 1 Decigram 
10 Decigrams = 1 Gram 
(1 g. = 1000 mg) 
10 Grams = 1 Decagram 
10 Decagrams = 1 Hectogram 
10 Hectograms = 1 Kilogram 
(1 kg. = 1000 g.) 
10 Kilograms = 1 Myriogram 
10 Myriograms = 1 Quintal 
10 Quintals = 1 Metric Tonne 
(1 tonne = 1000 kg.) 
MEASURING TEMPERATURE 
Degree Celsius or Degree Centigrade (°C) 
The most widely used unit of temperature. 
There are 100 degrees Celsius between the 
normal freezing point of water (0°C) and the 
boiling point of water (100°C). 
DEGREE FAHRENHEIT (°F) 
The unit of temperature 
There are 180 degrees Fahrenheit between 
the freezing point (32°F) and the boiling point 
(212°F) of water. To convert °F to °C, subtract 
32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. 
KELVIN (K) 
The SI unit of temperature 
Absolute zero has a 
temperature of 0 K (zero kelvin), and one 
kelvin is equivalent to a degree Celsius. The 
kelvin scale does not have negative values. 
MEASURES OF LENGTH 
10 Millimetres = 1 Centimetre (cm.) 
10 Centimetres = 1 Decimetre 
10 Decimetres = 1 Metre 
(1 m. = 100 cm. = 1000 mm.) 
10 Metres = 1 Decametre 
10 Decametres = 1 Hectometre 
10 Hectometres = 1 Kilometre 
(1 km. = 1000 m.) 
MEASURES OF CAPACITY 
10 Millimetres (ml.) = 
10 Centilitres = 
10 Decilitres = 
10 Litres = 
10 Decalitres = 
10 Hectolitres = 
1 Centilitre 
1 Decilitre 
1 Litre 
( 1 litre = 1000 ml.) 
1 Decalitre 
1 Hectolitre 
1 Kilolitre 
KINDS OF ANGLES 
r 
(152> 
Zero Angle 
An angle of 0° is called 
the Zero angle 
Acute Angle 
An acute angle is lesser than 90° 
Right Angle 
An angle of 90° is called 
a right angle 
Obtuse Angle 
An obtuse angle lies 
between 90° and 180° 
Straight Angle 
A straight angle = 2 right angles 
= 180° 
Reflex Angle 
A reflex angle lies between 
180° and 360° 
Complete Angle 
A complete angle = 4 right angles 
= 360° 
90° 
180° 
360° 
/ PREFIXES FOR UNITS 
An international unit of measurement used in science 
SI stands for Systeme International, which is French for "international system". The 
system of SI units has been agreed for international use, so that scientists around the 
world can all record the results of their experiments and maketheir calculations using 
the same units. One example of an SI unit is the metre. This is the SI unit of length, and 
equals the distance that light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second through a vacuum. 
Light is used as a standard because it has a constant speed. 
SI UNITS 
Basic SI units Derived SI units 
Quantity Unit Symbol Quantity Unit Symbol 
Length Metre m Area Square m2 
Mass Kilogram kg metre 
Time Second s Volume Cubic m3 
Electric metre 
current Ampere A Frequency Hertz Hz 
Temperature Kelvin K Force Newton N 
Light Pressure Pascal Pa 
intensity Candela cd Energy Joule J 
Amount Power Watt W 
of substance Mole mol Electric 
Basic SI units and derived SI units 
The seven basic units have scientific 
standards that define the size of the units 
with great precision. The metre and its 
standard are given in the entry above on 
SI units. Other basic units and derived 
units also have their own entries 
elsewhere in the dictionary. 
potential 
Electrical 
resistance 
Electric 
charge 
Radioactivity 
Volt 
Ohm 
Coulomb 
Becquerel 
V 
Q 
C 
Bq 
All derived units are related to the 
basic SI units. 
DECIMAL MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES 
Decimal multiple Decimal submultiple 
Name Symbol Multiple 
tera T x 1,000,000,000,000 (1012) 
giga G x 1,000,000,000 (109) 
mega M x 1,000,000 (106) 
kilo k x 1,000 (103) 
hecto h x 100 (102) 
deca da x 10 
Using multiples and submultiples 
Multiples and submultiples allow one unit to be 
used whatever the amount measured. For 
example, 1 kilogram (1 kg) is 1,000 grams, and I 
milligram (1 mg) is one-thousandth of a gram. 
Large masses are measured in kilograms, and 
small masses in milligrams, as shown on the 
fright. 
0 l 3 > 
Name 
deci 
centi 
milli 
micro 
nano 
pico 
Symbol 
d 
c 
m 
M 
n 
P 
Multiple 
10 
h- 100 (10-2) 
1,000 (10-3) 
1,000,000(10-6) 
1,000,000,000 (10-9) 
1,000,000,000,000 (10-12) 
Note : kilo means a thousand times 
hecto means a hundred times 
deca means ten times 
deci means a tenth part of 
centi means a hundredth part of 
milli means a thousandth part of 
COMMON ABBREVIATIONS \ 
A/c 
Adj. 
Advt. 
Ans. 
Aug. 
a.m. 
Amt. 
Apr. 
B. Ed. 
B.C. 
B.A. 
B.Com. 
B.B.C. 
Capt. 
C.I.D. 
Co. 
cm. 
Col. 
C/o 
D/-
Dec. 
D.I.G. 
Diet. 
D. Litt. 
Do. 
Dr. 
D/o 
Dft. 
D.S.P. 
Dis. 
D.L.O. 
Dpt. 
E. 
ECG 
Ed. 
Estd. 
X 
Account 
1. Adjective 
2. Adjustment 
Advertisement 
Answer 
August 
(ante meridiem) before 
mid day 
amount 
April 
Bachelor of Education 
Before Christ 
Bachelor of Arts 
Bachelor of Commerce 
British Broadcasting 
Corporation 
Captain 
Criminal Investigation 
Department 
Company 
Centimetres 
Colonel (cjrfo) 
Care of 
Dated 
December 
Deputy Inspector General 
Dictionary 
Doctor of Literature 
(ditto) the same as 
aforesaid 
1. Debtor 
2. Doctor 
Daughter of 
Draft 
Deputy Superintendent of 
Police 
Discount 
Dead Letter Office 
Department 
East 
Electrocardiograph 
Editorial 
Established 
ex. 
E. & O.E. 
Esp. 
Etc. 
Feb. 
Fig. 
ft. 
F. 
Fem. 
F.o.r. 
Gen. 
Gm. 
G.P.O. 
H. 
Hon. 
h., hr. 
H.Q. 
I.A. 
I.C.U. 
I.G. 
i.e. 
int. 
Jan. 
junc. 
Kc. 
km. 
kg. 
kl. 
lb. 
Ltd. 
lab. 
Lt. 
Lt. Gov. 
Mad. 
M.D. 
Min. 
ml. 
M.L.A. 
Mme. 
M.P. 
Mrs. 
M.B. 
M.B.A. 
M/s. 
= Example 
= Errors and omissions 
excepted 
= Especially 
= (etcetera) and the other 
= February 
= Figure 
= feet 
= Fahrenheit 
= Feminine 
= Free on rail 
= General 
= gram 
= General Post Office 
= Hydrogen 
= Honourable 
= hour 
= headquarters 
= Indian Army 
= Intensive Care Unit 
= Inspector General 
= (id est) that is 
= interest 
= January 
= junction 
= kilo cycle 
= Kilometre 
= kilogram 
= kilo litre 
= (libra) pound 
= Limited 
= laboratory 
= Lieutenant 
= Lieutenant Governor 
= Madam 
= Doctor of Medicine 
= minute 
= Milli-iitre 
= Member of legislative 
Assembly 
= Madame 
= Member of Parliament 
= Mistress 
= Bachelor of Medicine 
= Master of Business 
Administration 
= Messrs 
< 1 5 4 > 
A misc. 
M.A. 
M.O. 
Mr. 
m.p.h. 
N.B. 
Neg. 
No. 
Nov. 
O. 
Oct. 
Opp. 
Obj. 
O.K. 
Oz. 
P.C. 
Ph. D. 
pm. 
P.O. 
P.T. 
P.T.O. 
p.c. 
plu. 
P.M. 
Pt. 
pt. 
P.W.D. 
Q. 
Qty. 
qr. 
Re. 
Retd. 
R.S.V.P. 
Rd. 
ref. 
Rs. 
S/o 
Secy. 
Sec. 
miscellaneous 
Master of Arts 
1. Money Order 
2. Medical Officer 
Mister 
miles per hour 
(nota bene) Note well 
Negative 
(numero) in number 
November 
Oxygen 
October 
Opposite 
Object 
(Okeh) All correct 
ounce 
Post Card 
Doctor of Philosophy 
premium 
Post Office 
Physical Training 
Please turn over 
(percent) by the hundred 
plural 
1. Prime Minister 
2. (Post Meridiem) 
Afternoon 
Pandit 
Point 
Public Works Department 
Question 
Quantity 
quarter 
Rupee 
Retired 
(Respondez s'il vous 
plait) reply, if you please 
Road 
reference 
Rupees 
Son of 
Secretary 
Secondary 
Sep. 
St. 
S. 
Sat. 
sec. 
sig. 
sing. 
Sub. 
T.B. 
Tel. 
T.O. 
T.V. 
tech. 
tele. 
tr. 
U.S.S.R. 
U.D.C. 
U.P. 
U.S.A. 
U. 
U.K. 
Vid. 
V.P. 
V.P.P. 
V. 
viz. 
V.I.P. 
Wed. 
W/o 
W.H.O. 
W. 
w.f. 
wt. 
Xm. 
X 
Yr. 
Zn. 
& 
= September 
= 1. Street 
2. Saint 
= South 
= Saturday 
= second 
= signature 
= singular 
= Subject 
= Tuberculosis 
= Telegraph 
= Turnover 
= Television 
= technical 
= telephone 
= transfer 
= Union of Soviet Socialist 
Republics 
= Upper Division Clerk 
= Uttar Pradesh 
= United States of America 
= Uranium 
= United Kingdom 
= (vide) see 
= Vice-President 
= Value payable parcel 
= (versus) against 
= (videlicet) namely 
= Very Important Person 
= Wednesday 
= Wife of 
= World Health 
Organisation 
= West 
= wrong fount 
= weight 
= (X'mas) Christmas 
= numeral for ten 
= Year 
= Zinc 
= (et.) and 
\ 
(155) 
/ WORDS WHICH COMMONLY CONFUSE N 
Accept (3Tcj#e) 
Except (î cHW) 
Access (anf^f) 
Excess (wn^rr) 
Advice (^CII^-H) 
Advise (T^JT^MI) 
Angel (tjsra) 
Angle (^Tcf) 
Accident 
Incident 
Affect ( s i t e ) 
Effect 
Bad 
Bed ( ts) 
Bail ( t a ) 
Bale 
Bridal (sT̂ Sc?) 
Bridle (iTf^ei) 
Brake (tcp) 
Break (sftf) 
Born 
Borne (efa) 
Bear («I3R) 
Bear 
Beer (^terc) 
Birth (*jaf) 
Berth (era*) 
Blow (̂ cfr) 
Below (t^cft) 
Buy («rr|) 
By ( ^ i ) 
Blue 
Blew (̂ o )̂ 
Beside ( f t ^ s ) 
Besides (fiRTT̂ sxH) 
^ j ; "TFt. 
3Tf?IcjKn; yqRT. 
ttrsn ̂ TT; M>tmyf ^n . 
wra; MRuiih. 
fTT. 
MiMHd. 
^ f t e ; ^ . 
cFTR. 
ot^n; wrrcftm?!. 
^ ^ cR r̂i. 
cf^TRf, 
uft ̂ f TRTEf. 
T̂tcT ĉ TT,' ^tSRT . 
Cattle (%cr?f) 
Kettle ( t o ) 
Cloth (cfcnar) 
Clothes (cfvTt̂ vi) 
Cost (WRS) 
Cast 
Caste ( CPTTS) 
Cheque (^fr) 
Check (^P) 
Canvas (IRCRI) 
Canvass (t^Tcra) 
Cite ( w e ) 
Site (mi?) 
Card 
Cord ( w i ) 
Course (c^rf ) 
Coarse (ctfrtf) 
Die ("STf) 
Die ( w ) 
Dye 
Desert (^H^) 
Dessert 
Dear (few?) 
Deer (^Rre) 
Dairy 
Diary (^raft) 
Dose (^m) 
Doze (^Tyf) 
Draught (^irc) 
Drought (^rae) 
Elder ( " ^ f ) 
Older (3TW?) 
Eligible (^feTWeT) 
Illegible (^rwcf ) 
Farmer ( w f t ) 
Former (xtfrfo) 
'TTecP ip TTT̂T; 3rfiFtaT. 
f i t ; tcP ^JldlH cPT 3TT5TI 
^cj^l 0M-SI. 
*M<JM-II cf><HT. 
w i ^n; cpan; 6TOR. 
"?«TR; wfii. 
VRft. 
MicjiishH; ftrepji-f^. 
; "EFFEN;-PTR W C P T . 
•snn. 
TfRT. 
"T^Rajef. 
% \JtRRT T̂Cf vJfFj 
fiftl 
f^rui. 
RlH^iji fcT^t ijR-dcbl. 
T̂ s; cug T̂fcm. 
•̂ ST. 
^ST; arfsjcp arrg T̂cTT. 
^ r WFf "ZTT1 .̂ 
3TPTE. 
fcfRTH. 
<156) 
Farm (tprt) 
Form (TfiW) 
Fair (%3R) 
Fare 
Floor (WR) 
Flour (tfcTTvJ?) 
Feet (T t̂e) 
Feat 
Gate 
Gait Ote) 
Heal (fter) 
Heel ( f ta) 
Here 
Hear ( H o r ) 
Hole ( t t t ) 
Whole (̂ TeT) 
Herd ( j i ) 
Heard (^t ) 
Hair (%*rc) 
Hare (%3R) 
Heart 
Hurt ( j i ) 
Idle ( a n ^ t ) 
Ideal (anf^Rra) 
Industrial (^gft^ra) 
Industrious ( ^ s f ^ r o ) 
Luxurious (<Hj^R3TFF) 
Luxuriant (cPxgWe) 
Latter (ete*) 
Letter (cte?) 
Lesson (eRR) 
Lessen (eR?R) 
Lose (cJst) 
Loose ( c$h) 
Marry 
Merry (^fft) 
Meet 
Meat ( #3 ) 
MSfjMleH 
"gtR; T̂oTT. 
'HTST; tffviR. 
•pj^' rlcT. 
an̂ T; 
tfc. 
xWecbU. 
W 0 ; cjyclHI. 
"̂ TTef; "TfrJ. 
<?T<J5 e-RT; tllcl cPT . 
Wf. 
Tjpt; ^TRjirf. 
"elTcT. 
^grrfm. 
fcTcl. 
xmra. 
tcFR; 3TTcT#; 
; cpT. 
^ f ; 3TSR. 
^ T T ; jTc|HI . 
"StcTI. 
fcran: cj^n. 
ftoRT. 
Mail 
Male ( t a ) 
Not(-qfe) 
Knot Ote) 
Naughty 
Knotty 
Nice 
Niece 
Our (3TT3?) 
Hour (3TT33R) 
Practice (trffen) 
Practise (frffejH) 
Plan (tcTH) 
Plane 
Plain 
Pale (^T) 
Pail ( t a ) 
Popular (^gcR) 
Populous (if^geRT) 
Pour (tfR) 
Pore (*fR) 
Prescribe (fawr^i) 
Proscribe 
Pray (3) 
Prey (it) 
Peace (i?Rf) 
Piece (Tfrfl) 
Pain ( iR) 
Pane (iR) 
Price (TfT^f) 
Prize ( w i s ) 
Pair (tore) 
Pare (ifcR) 
Peal (iter) 
Peel (iter) 
Quiet (cfEfrre) 
Quite ("WT ê) 
"STcp. 
Tfte. 
yHK^I; HdUci. 
JltdcJW; cpfe .̂ 
FTRT. 
•sfer. 
3TWTRT. 
"jf̂ RT. 
"SRI eRFIT 13JT; 'q l̂ ĈT 
Tĵ TeTTtTR "TT̂ t cRTRI; 
3nfcT cpt vJ^eHI. 
T t t f q . 
ftm ^PRI ; ftqfojr CFvrt . 
Tnafal cfi^n. 
TTtfcF; 
cflHd; :,Jc3I; ^R; TRl. 
ufr̂ T; yjt^t; "J7!^ 
cblriHI; WH cfî n; W^TT. 
f&efcbl vidKHI. 
TTTd; P t̂tcH. 
s 
J 
/ Rain 
Reign (^i) 
Rein (^r) 
Ring (f?n) 
Wring ( # r ) 
Route (i^e) 
Root (^e) 
Right 
Rite (^ife) 
Write 
Roll ( ^ i ) 
Role ("tfei) 
Sale (^ra) 
Sail ("̂ TeT) 
See ( # ) 
Sea ( # ) 
Steal (^tcf) 
Steel (^of ) 
Sing (ftR) 
Swing ('Rjr) 
Sensible 
Sensitive ("#tftfeci) 
Suit ("ge) 
Suite ("qe) 
Soot(^e) 
Sole 
Soul 
Story (^tft) 
Storey (^rfl) 
Stationary ( ^ n f l ) 
Stationery (t£?r?») 
Sun (^JR) 
Son ( T R ) 
Sore (^R) 
Soar ("tfR) 
Sour (^rra?) 
cT̂ rf. 
TFFTR; TTvII TTjR<1 . 
cPTR; wfeR. 
Pl̂ l-SHI "9T "tRt̂ TT. 
w f . 
flfcl, TPT. 
feRsRT. 
WTvT ^rqife-ipl ifTcf tRl. 
^̂nêP % W cPT 3ff5RZf. 
ftsft. 
1TRT. 
"HRT. 
SJcTT. 
ff^TTH; 
"Ef̂ mcT; Ticr^Rftef. 
cfnRt cPT^e. 
chlf^y. 
"cTeTT; cTefcTI. 
OTcRT; 
^PFFft; cpaiT. 
irer. 
vT̂ RT; 
"0IT. 
Their ( ^ R ) 
There (^R) 
Tail (tci) 
Tale (tei) 
Throne (arR) 
Thrown (?tR) 
Teem 
Team (^fa) 
Vale 
Veil 
Vain (cR) 
Vein ( iR) 
Vacation (3%yr) 
Vocation 
Waste (ifte) 
Waist ( i m ) 
Weather 
Whether ( ^ r ) 
Wear (^RR) 
Ware (% j r ) 
Weak 
Week Ofop) 
Weigh ( * ) 
Way (if) 
Wine (cfT^) 
Vine ( CTT^T ) 
Wander (cff^) 
Wonder (cte?) 
Weight (ite) 
Wait (ire) 
Yolk 
Yoke (Tfcp) 
cTFT; ISIR ^R. 
cm "̂ ct 
tj^i; l^pl; "^qe. 
•RT̂ r. 
3TcRPm. 
cpTR. 
T F R R . 
"qft. 
WRT; SJRT tP̂ RT. 
cfHTufR; c^ol. 
TFTCRT. 
T R F F T . 
7 R R . 
eft eRTT ÎT «fcT. 
3 M R T ^ R T . 
T ? R # T T ; 3TTFJRF CFR^TT. 
CFJJR; T R . 
Tf̂ fSn ĴR̂ TT. 
eft >ir£f. 
tlcff eft v^ff (xgft 
\ 
/ ONE WORD SUBSTITUTIONS \ 
Alien (TjfeRR) A person residing in a country of which he is not a citizen. 
Anarchy (3HT^) 3NMcbdi Absence of Government, 
Annual ("^ara) wf^f i Happening every year. 
Anonymous (3rT%to) 'j^Rm That does not bear the name of the writer. 
Antiseptic (^iiuj^sjcp) ^rcraJ That which counteracts purification. 
Aquatic VHCĤn Living in (or near) water. 
Atheist (arafRe) HiR-d* One who does not believe in god. 
Audience (sfffciHT) srmFm An assembly of listeners. 
Autobiography (sff^MfRt-TTTtfr) an^wm The life story of a person written by himself. 
Amateur (WzfR) W ^ T H T One who pursues some art or sport as hobby. 
Autograph (affst-WP) -gg® ̂ zrfrfi % I ^ T S R To get signature of some important person in his own 
hand writing. 
Bankrupt (tfcrre) (or Insolvent) teciifdiii One who cannot pay off his debt. 
Biography itfra^l The life story of a person. 
Brittle (Hren) jpgRi Liable to be easily broken. 
Botany (wfc^t) cm-qfa f̂ rsTH The science of vegetable life. 
Barometer (tRffle?) c i i ^ u ^ i i t^tto i f s An instrument for measuring atmospheric 
pressure. 
Blonde ( ^ u ^ ) h ^rr^t 3 # A beautiful lady of fair complexion and 
golden hair. 
Cantonment Temporary quarters made for military men. 
Catalogue (4?rfHT'i) ^ M d A list of the names of books. 
Century ( ^ g f l ) yidi«?i One hundred years. 
Colleagues (gMT'XH) ^ - ^ r N n f f Persons working together in the same institution. 
Combustible (cb^*<?McH) y^eHsTlcH Liable to catch fire easily. 
Contagious warmp A disease communicable by contact. 
Credulous ( F B ^ C W - I ) C P R m One who believes easily whatever is told. 
Democracy w r a ^ Government of the people, by the people, for the people. 
Dictionary (ferer^fl) A book which tells what various words mean. 
Edible (-qf^ra) ^ ^fpu Fit to be eaten. 
Eligible (QRHRHeid) ^fr^J One who is fit to be elected. 
Extempore ( i ^ u f w ) d^bicH TTfro A speech made without previous preparation. 
Egoist 3Tfcn Î A person who always thinks of himself. 
Fastidious ( W R ^ R F ^ R A ) ^ R T S U Hard to please. 
Fatal Were* That which causes death. 
\ (159) / 
/ \ 
Fatalist (tftefaree) One who believes in fate. 
Fiend (^ft^s) H^RVIN A most wicked and cruel man. 
Germicide (^rifar^s) Substance having power to destroy germs. 
Honorary (3 fF^I ) A post for which no salary is paid. 
Hospitable (^IMfera) OTfas^cmff One who entertains his guests. 
Hades ^rrara Lower world beneath the earth. 
Hearse Vehicles to carry corpse (dead body). 
Holdall (£)d^fd) A canvas bag to hold bedding etc. 
Honeymoon ( F F R P ) ^ H K M The first night of a newly married couple. 
Hoyden ^d^et) ers^f A very romping girl. 
Hydra (¥T^|T) f r w i An imaginary serpent with many heads. 
Hypnotism (fenifevH) wrIf̂ fen A science of hypnosis by which a hypnotist can induce an 
artificial sleep on others. 
Illegal ($dcft<id) srtrtr Contrary to law. 
Illegible (^d^f^eid) awd^ii That which cannot be read. 
Illiterate One who can neither read nor write. 
Immovable That which cannot be moved. 
Inaccessible ( f ^ ar^fMlcra) S T T R Incapable of being approached. 
Inaudible ( ^ affffera) That which cannot be heard. 
Incredible ( ^ tbR;«id) 3rfSrê rcr%J That which cannot be believed. 
Indispensable (snOw-i^-Md) 3iPicji4 That which cannot be dispensed with. 
Ineligible ( ^ j f o ^ k H ) 3r*fRf Not fit to be elected or selected. 
Infallible (^ibichdd) awpvf A person who cannot make a mistake. 
Insatiable (3H<i^Md) did^fi That which cannot be satisfied. 
Inseparable (^H^M^d) 3if3m That cannot be separated. 
Insoluble (<H<Hlc^d) srgcRiflcf That cannot be dissolved. 
Insurmountable ( ^ m f e ^ r a ) That cannot be overcome. 
Invincible (^nRnRHeid) ar^ta Incapable of being conquered. 
Invisible ar^rai That cannot be seen. 
Irrelevant (s^cWd) aFTifci Not to the point. 
Irreparable (sjyR^tid) anrtoRi That cannot be repaired. 
Irritable (^Riefd) Ri-ssRî si One who is quick to anger. 
Kindergarten ( f e s n T ^ ) f̂ T ĵaff "ept A school for kids. 
Kidnap ( f ^g^ j ) 3W£>iui To carry away a person forcibly. 
Library (HT^tff) T̂cPTcTO A place containing books for reading or reference. 
Linguist ( fc^Re) One who knows many languages. 
\ (160) / 
/ \ 
Maiden speech % G R T fen w w i T W J T A speech made for the first time. 
Manuscript ( ^g feFe) mu^leift Papers written by hand. 
Mercenary 9Rcfr^q A man working merely for money. 
Migratory (^i^ilri^l) WMHPTff That moves from one place to another. 
Millennium ( fe r fem) "rr^Rn^l Thousand years. 
Matinee ^TF? ^ f ^TT A cinema show which is held in the afternoon. 
Manifesto (^ -T lWl) "efrnwr— T̂̂ r A written declaration of Government or a political party 
Manna (* IHT) ^raraff r̂m Food offered to the Gods. 
Matrimonial (t^Fftfera) fen? Concerning marriage. 
Nurse yR^iRchi A lady who attends sick person or infants. 
Notorious (^Mfara) ^ r m , ^pft Of evil reputation. 
Omnipotent "^ferfetTR One who is powerful. 
Omnipresent ( s f F W r ^ ) f̂ezmrcp One who is present everywhere. 
Omniscient ( a i l ^ W ) TferraT One who knows everything. 
Opaque (afefi) aiMKcjyfcb A lady who attends sick persons or infants. 
Optician ^ n ^Ten One who prescribes glasses. 
Optimist 3T I?MT? [ One who takes the bright side of things. 
Orphan ( s t r i r ) aRiar A child whose parents are dead. 
Oasis (cĵ Rh'H) A shady fertile place in the desert. 
Orthodox (snafrsfer) *ifdcii<?i A man of traditional beliefs. 
Panacea (^hiRwi) ^Hdiui 3fmfSr A remedy for all ills. 
Pedestrian One who walks on foot. 
Pessimist ( M r f e s ) femraT^f One who takes the dark side of things. 
Pickpocket ^fa 3KRT One who steals from the pockets of others. 
Popular (Ml^eN) ^nffiter One who is liked by the people. 
Postmortem ^rftsn An examination made after death.Posthumous TRuitTRRi Something done for a person after his death, like being awarded. 
Parables (^t^r^a) itfct ^parnj Stories which build moral. 
Quorum ^HdH 3ficiyi|ch w i Required minimum number of members to be present in the 
meeting to pass a resolution. 
Right srfSjcPR Privilege, enjoyed by citizens. 
Shrew ("faqj SFFSTOJ^ A peevish woman. 
Scholarship (<w>IcnRim) W5f̂ frf Allowance given to intelligent students. 
Sanatorium ( ^ d l R i w ) strT^i 3TTSR A place for invalids and convalescents. 
Teetotaller (^Tet^cR) w p ^ ^len One who totally abstains from alcoholic drinks. 
Tryst T P T O ^sra a place for meeting of two lovers. 
\ ( 1 6 1 ) / 
/ \ 
Transparent A body through which light can pass. 
Turncoat (e4cbte) R-i^id wnTf A person who changes his party or principles easily. 
Unavoidable arawwnft That which cannot be avoided. 
Unintelligible (sR-g^fciftraci) arato That which cannot be understood. 
Universal (^Pfe^d) ftfl^zmft A rule that is applicable to all. 
Vegetarian siicbi^ One who lives on vegetables only. 
Veteran (cr̂ TR) One who has long experience. 
Voluntary (^Tclttl) few t̂ Of one's own free will. 
Waterproof ( d l e ^ ) ^ra a f e t o Through which water cannot pass. 
Widow ( f e t ) ferai A woman whose husband is dead. 
Widower (fetere) fej* A man whose wife is dead. 
Zoo (vsjj Hrfemrc A place where birds, animals etc. are kept. 
\ (162) / 
/ WORLD - FAMOUS \ 
FAMOUS MOUNTAINS 
Height 
Location (feet) 
Everest Nepal/Tibet 29,028 
K2 Kashmir 28,250 
Kanchenjunga Sikkim 28,168 
Nanga Parbat Kashmir 26,660 
Annapurna Nepal 26,504 
Nanda Devi India 25,645 
Kamet India/Tibet 25,447 
Communism Peak U.S.S.R 24,590 
Aconcagua Argentina 22,834 
Mackinlev Alakska 20,320 
Cotopaxi Ecuador 19,344 
Kilimanjaro Tanzania 19,340 
Elburz U.S.S.R. 18,481 
Popocatapetl Mexico 17,887 
Kenya Kenya 17,068 
Ararat Turkey 17,000 
Ruwenzori Uganda/ 
Cangolese 
Republic 16,795 
Mont Blanc France 15,771 
FAMOUS BRIDGES 
Waterway 
Location (miles) 
Zambezi Africa 27 a 
Storstrom Denmark 2 
Tay (Rail) Scotland 2 
Upper Sone India 17s 
Godavari India 174 
Forth (Rail) Scotland 172 
Salazar, Lisbon Portugal 174 
Tay (Road) Scotland 174 
Forth (Road) Scotland 17 8 
Golden Gate, San 
Francisco U.S.A. 17s 
Hardinge India 1 
Orinoco Venezuela 1 
Severn England 1 
Victoria Jubilee, 
Montreal Canada 1 
Sydney Harbour Australia 74 
FAMOUS RIVERS 
Location 
Nile Africa 
Amazon South America 
Yangtze-Kiang China 
Congo 
Mekong 
Ob 
Lena 
Mackenzie 
Hwang Ho 
Niger 
Amur 
Parana 
Yenisei 
Mississippi 
Volga 
Colorado 
St. Lawrence 
Yukon 
Brahmaputra 
Danube 
Euphrates 
Indus 
Zambezi 
Ganges 
Africa 
S.E. Asia 
U.S.S.R. 
U.S.S.R. 
Canada 
China 
Africa 
U.S.S.R. 
South America 
U.S.S.R. 
U.S.A. 
U.S.S.R. 
U.S.A. 
Canada 
Canada 
Tibet/India 
Europe 
Turkey/Syria/Iraq 
Tibet/India/Pakistan 1,700 
Africa 1,600 
India 1,560 
Length 
(miles) 
4,160 
3,900 
3,400 
3,000 
2,800 
2,700 
2,680 
2,635 
2,600 
2,600 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,340 
2,300 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
1,800 
1,720 
1,700 
Cotopaxi 
Mauna Loa 
Erebus 
Etna • 
Ruapehu 
Paricutin 
Hekla 
Vesuvius 
Stromboli 
Krakatau 
FAMOUS VOLCANOES 
Height 
Location 
Ecuador 
Hawaii 
Antarctica 
Sicily 
New Zealand 
Mexico 
Iceland 
Italy 
Italy 
Indonesia 
(feet) 
19,612 
13,680 
12,450 
10,958 
9,175 
7,451 
4,892 
4,190 
3,038 
2,667 
<163) 
FAMOUS LAKES 
Area 
Location (Sq. feet) 
Caspian Sea U.S.S.R. 143,550 
Superior Canada/U.S.A. 31,800 
Victoria Africa 26,800 
Aral Sea U.S.S.R. 25,300 
Huron Canada/U.S.A. 23,000 
Michigan U.S.A. 22,400 
Tanganyika Africa 12,700 
Great Bear Canada 12,275 
Baikal U.S.S.R. 11,780 
Nyasa Africa 11,430 
Great Slave Canada 10,980 
Chad Africa 10,000 
Erie Canada/U.S.A. 9,940 
Ladoga U.S.S.R. 7,000 
Onega U.S.S.R. 3,800 
Titicaca Bolivia/Peru 3,200 
FAMOUS & LARGEST CITIES 
Tokyo Japan Djakarta Indonesia 
Shanghai China Rio de Janeiro Brazil 
New York U.S.A. Seoul Korea 
London, Leningrad U.S.S.R. 
Greater England Chicago U.S.A. 
Buenos Aires Argentina Berlin (E & W) Germany 
Moscow U.S.S.R. Mexico City Mexico 
Peking China Tientsin China 
Sao Paulo Brazil Osaka Japan 
Mumbai India Kolkata India 
Cairo U.A.R. Tehran Iran 
New Delhi India Chennai India 
X 
NAMES OF OCEANS 
Antarctic Arctic 
Atlantic Indian 
Pacific 
NAMES OF THE CONTINENTS 
Africa Antarctica Asia Australia 
Europe North America 
South America 
< j 6 4 > 
/ TOWNS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIES \ 
FOREIGN 
Town Country Industries 
Baku Russia Petroleum 
Bangkok Thailand Shipping 
Belfast Ireland Ship-building and Linen Goods 
Buenos Aires Argentina Dairy Products 
Cadiz Spain Cork 
Chicago U.S.A. Gramophone 
Detroit U.S.A. Automobiles 
Dresden U.S.A. Optical and Photographic Apparatus 
Glasgow Scotland Machinery, Textile 
Havana Cuba Cigar 
Hollywood U.S.A. Films 
Johannesburg South Africa Gold mines 
Kimberley South Africa Diamond Mining 
Leeds England Woollen Goods 
Los Angeles U.S.A. Films, Oil 
Lyons France Silk 
Morocco North Africa Leather 
Munich Germany Lenses 
New Orleans U.S.A. Cotton 
Pittsburgh U.S.A. Iron and Steel 
Plymouth England Ship-building 
Sheffield England Cutlery 
Venice Italy Glass 
Vienna Austria Glass 
Wellington New Zealand Dairy Products 
INDIAN 
X 
Town 
Ahmedabad 
Aligarh 
Alwaye 
Ambarnath 
(Near Mumbai) 
Ankleshwar (Gujarat) 
Bangalore 
Bareilly 
Industries 
Cotton 
Locks 
Rare Earths Factory 
Machine Tools (Prototype Factory) 
Oil 
Cotton Textiles, Toys, Carpets, Motors, 
Aircraft, Indian Telephone 
Industries and Machine Tools 
Resin Industry, Woodwork 
< T 6 5 > 
Town 
Batanagar 
Bhilai 
Bhopal 
Bokaro 
Mumbai 
Kolkata 
Chhindwara 
(Madhya Pradesh) 
Chittaranjan 
(West Bengal) 
Churk (U.P.) 
Delhi 
Dhariwal 
Digboi 
Durgapur 
Ferozabad 
Guntur 
Gwalior 
Howrah 
Jaipur 
Jagadhari 
Jalahalli 
Jamshedpur 
(Tatanagar) 
Jharia 
Kanpur 
Katni 
Khetri 
Koyali 
Ludhiana 
Moradabad 
Mysore 
Nangal 
Nepanagar 
Neyveli 
Noonamati 
Perambur 
(Near Madras) 
Industries \ 
Shoes 
Steel 
Heavy Electricals 
Steel Plant 
Cotton Textile, Cinema 
Jute Manufacture, Electric Bulbs and Lamps 
Lime-stone, Coal 
Locomotives 
Cement 
D.D.T., Textiles and Housing 
Woollen goods 
Petroleum 
Steel 
Glass 
Cotton Manufacture 
Pottery 
Jute 
Embroidery, Pottery and Brassware 
Paper 
Machine Tools Factory and Electronics 
Iron and Steel goods 
Coal 
Leather, Shoes 
Cement 
Copper 
Petro-chemicals 
Hosiery 
Utensils,Calico printing 
Silk 
Fertilizers 
Newsprint 
Lignite 
Oil refining 
Railway Coaches Factory 
<166> 
Town 
i 
Industries 
Pinjore (Haryana) Machine Tools 
Pimpri (Pune) Penicillin Factory 
Rana Pratap Sagar Atomic Power Plant 
Raniganj Coal mining 
Rourkela Steel, Fertilizer 
Rupnarainpur Cables 
(West Bengal) 
Sindri Fertilizer 
Singareni (Andhra) Coal 
Singhbhum Copper 
Surat Textiles 
Suratgarh Modern Agricultural Farm 
Tiruchirapalli Cigar 
Titagarh Paper 
Trombay Atomic Reactors, Fertilizers 
Varanasi Silk Textile 
Vishakhapatnam Ship-building 
TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS 
FOREIGN 
Town River Town River 
1. Baghdad Tigris 
2. Belgrade Danube 16. Moscow Moskva 
3. Berlin Spree 17. New York Hudson 
4. Budapest Danube 18. Ottawa St. Lawrence 
5. Buenos Aires La Plata 19. Paris Seine 
6. Cairo Nile 20. Prague Vitava 
7. Dublin Liffey 21. Quebec St. Lawrence 
8. 
9. 
Hang Chow 
Kabul 
Yangtse-Kiang 
Kabul 
22. Rangoon Irrawadi 
10. Karachi Sindh 23. 
Rome Tiber 
11. Khartoum Nile 24. St. Louis Mississippi 
12. Lahore Ravi 25. Sydney Darling 
13. Lisbon Tag us 26. Tokyo Arakawa 
14. London Thames 27. Vienna Danube 
15. Madrid Menzaneres 28. Warsaw Vistula 
\ CT67) / 
/ TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS \ 
INDIAN 
Town River Town River 
1. Agra Jamuna 13. Jabalpur Narbada 
2. Allahabad Confluence of 14. Kanpur Ganges 
the Ganges 15. Kotah Chambal 
and the Jamuna 16. Leh Indus 
& Saraswati 17. Lucknow Gomti 
3. Ayodhya Saryu 18. Nasik Godavari 
4. Badrinath Alaknanda 19. Pandharpur Bhima 
5. Kolkata Hoogly 20. Patna Ganges 
6. Cuttack Mahanadi 21. Saikowaghat Brahmaputra 
7. Delhi Jamuna22. Sambalpur Mahanadi 
8. Dibrugarh Brahmaputra 23. Srinagar Jhelum 
9. Ferozepore Sutluj 24. Srirangapatnam Cauvery 
10. Guwahati Brahmaputra 25. Surat Tapti 
11. Hardwar Ganges 26. Varanasi Ganges 
12. Hyderabad Musi 27. Vijayawada Krishna 
MINERALS IN INDIA 
Mineral Name of the State 
1. Aluminium (qc^ftP^H) (1) Orissa (2) Bihar 
(from Bauxite) 
2. Asbestos ("̂ ciicHi d-̂ HAi emj) (1) Karnataka (2) Bihar 
3. China Clay ftfl) (1) Bihar (2) Kerala 
4. Cobalt ('Plere % ttch t f W sjt^) (1) Rajasthan (2) Kerala 
5. Coal (cbl^di) (1) West Bengal (2) Bihar 
6. Copper (diHi) (1) Bihar (2) Rajasthan 
7. Diamond (1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh 
8. Gold (^PTi) (1) Karnataka (2) Andhra Pradesh 
9. Gypsum ( u f ^ i (1) Rajasthan (2) Tamil Nadu 
10. Iron (effFf) (1) Bihar (2) Orissa 
11. Lead (#^tt) (1) Rajasthan 
12. Zinc (uH-di) (1) Rajasthan 
13. Limestone (^ t 'qRarc) (1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh 
14. Manganese (^i-Tltf) (1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh 
15. Marble ( w j m ) (1) Rajasthan 
16. Mica (1) Bihar (2) Andhra Pradesh 
17. Petroleum (^rfcRFi) (1) Assam (2) Gujarat 
18. Red Stone {tmw&R) (1) Rajasthan 
19. Silver (^rMt) (1) Karnataka (2) Bihar 
20. Tungsten ( ^ ^ t f t n f l t n ^ ) (1) Bihar (2) Maharashtra 
21. Thorium ucbu eft tn^) (1) Kerala (2) Rajasthan 
22. Uranium (f^isTld ^RjaiI ^i^ch (1) Bihar (2) Kerala 
(m) ' 
/ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN INDIA \ 
Agricultural Product Name of the State 
1. Barley ("sft) (a) Punjab (b) U.P. 
2. Cinchona (J^H 4>l ^rs) (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala 
3. Cashew nut (^Tujj (a) Karnataka (b) Tamil Nadu 
4. Coconut & Copra ( fen) (a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu 
5. Coffee (cwfr) (a) Karnataka (b) Kerala 
6. Cotton (chMKH) (a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat 
7. Indigo ( fe i ) (a) Bihar (b) Tamil Nadu 
8. Jute (Md^H) (a) West Bengal (b) Assam 
9. Maize (TO ) (a) U.P. (b) Bihar 
10. Rice (*iicid) (a) West Bengal (b) Andhra Pradesh 
11. Sandal Wood (a) Karnataka 
12. Sugarcane ( ' H i ) (a) U.P. (b) Bihar 
13. Spices {M t-wic}) (a) Kerala (b) Karnataka 
14. Tea (a) Assam (b) Kerala 
15. Tobacco (a) Maharashtra (b) Tamil Nadu 
16. Wheat m j (a) Punjab (b) U.P. 
FAMOUS BOOKS BY FOREIGN AUTHORS 
Books 
A Stranger in the Mirror 
Anna Karenina 
A Farewell to Arms 
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes 
Alice in Wonderland 
Affluent Society 
A Passage to India 
Androcles and the Lion 
All Quiet on the Western Front 
A Tale of Two Cities 
A Week with Gandhi 
Ambassador's Report 
Arms and the Man 
Asian Drama 
Authors 
Sidney Sheldon 
Leo Tolstoy 
Ernest Hemingway 
Arthur Conan Doyle 
Lewis Carroll 
J.K. Galbraith 
E.M. Forster 
George Bernard Shaw 
Eric Maria Remarque 
Charles Dickens 
Louis Fischer 
Chester Bowles 
George Bernard Shaw 
Gunnar Myrdal 
Antony and Cleopatra 
As You Like It 
August 1914 
Babbit 
Blind Ambitions 
Bitter Sweet 
Ben Hur 
Blind Beauty 
Candida 
Candide 
Cancer Ward 
Comedy of Errors 
Crime and Punishment 
Caesar and Cleopatra 
Canterbury Tales 
Count of Monte Cristo 
Crisis in India, The 
David Copperfield 
Das Kapital 
Doctor's Dilemma 
Death of a President 
Don Quixote 
Doctor's Wife 
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 
Dr. Zhivago 
Deserted Village 
Decline and Fall of the Roman 
Empire 
Divine Comedy 
Education of a Public Man, The 
Ends and Means 
Expanding Universe 
Essays of Elia 
Emma 
Freedom in Arms 
Freedom at Midnight 
Far From the Madding Crowd 
For Whom the Bell Tolls 
Forsyte Saga 
William Shakespeare 
William Shakespeare 
Alexander Solzhenitsyn 
Sinclair Lewis 
John Dean 
Noel Coward 
Lewis Wallace 
Boris Pasternak 
George Bernard Shaw 
Voltaire 
Alexander Solzhenitsyn 
William Shakespeare 
Fyodor Dostoevsky 
George Bernard Shaw 
Geoffrey Chaucer 
Alexander Dumas 
Ronald Segal 
Charles Dickens 
Karl Marx 
George Bernard Shaw 
William Manchester 
Miguel de Cervantes 
Brian Moore 
Robert Louis Stevenson 
Boris Pasternak 
Oliver Goldsmith 
Edward Gibbon 
Dante 
Hubert H. Humphrey 
Aldous Huxley 
Eddington 
Charles Lamb 
Jane Austen 
A.L. Morton 
Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre 
Thomas Hardy 
Ernest Hemingway 
John Galsworthy 
1 
Books Authors 
Faust J.W. Von Goethe 
Father and Sons Ivan Turgenev 
First Circle Alexander Solzhenitsyn 
Fenius and Lust Henry Miller 
Friends, Not Masters Ayub Khan 
Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell 
Gathering Storm Winston Churchill 
Great Illusion Norman Angel 
Good Earth Pearl S. Buck 
Gulag Archipelago Alexander Solzhenitsyn 
Great Expectations Charles Dickens 
Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift 
Gulistan Sheikh Saadi 
Hamlet William Shakespeare 
Harry Potter J.R. Rowling 
Humboldt's Gift Saul Bellow 
Hunchback of Notre Dame Victor Hugo 
Inside Asia John Gunther 
Inside Africa John Gunther 
Idylls of the King Alfred Tennyson 
Iliad Homer 
Invisible Man H.G. Wells 
Ivanhoe Sir Walter Scott 
Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte 
J.P.- His Biography Allan and Wendy Scarfe 
Jungle Book Rudyard Kipling 
Jean Christopher Romain Rolland 
Julius Caesar William Shakespeare 
Kennilworth Sir Walter Scott 
Kidnapped Robert Louis Stevenson 
Kim Rudyard Kipling 
King Lear William Shakespeare 
Kipps H.G. Wells 
Le Contract Social (Social Contract) J.J. Rousseau 
Lady Chatterley's Lover D.H. Lawrence 
Lead Kindly Light Vincent Shean 
Love Story Eric Segal 
Les Miserables Victor Hugo 
Books 
Lycidas 
Living Room 
Lolita 
L' Allegro 
Life of Dr. Johnson 
Magic Mountain 
Macbeth 
Major Barbara 
Man and Superman 
Man Eaters of Kumaon 
Man, the Unknown 
Mother 
Mother India 
Mein Kampf 
Murder in the Cathedral 
Merchant of Venice 
Much Ado About Nothing 
Mysterious Universe 
Marriage and Morals 
Nine Days Wonder 
Nemesis 
Nineteen Eighty Four 
Oliver Twist 
Of Human Bondage 
Odyssey 
One World 
Origin of Species 
Othello 
Old Man and the Sea 
Pride and Prejudice 
Pakistan Crisis 
Paradise Lost 
Promises to Keep 
Pilgrim's Progress 
Pygmalion 
Peter Pan 
Prince 
Public Persons 
Pickwick Papers 
Rain King, The 
Rainbow, The 
Reprieve 
Rape of the Lock 
Authors 
John Milton 
Graham Greene 
V. Nobokov 
John Milton 
James Boswell 
Thomas Mann 
William Shakespeare 
George Bernard Shaw 
George Bernard Shaw 
Jim Corbett 
Lewis Carroll 
Maxim Gorky 
Katherine Mayo 
Adolf Hitler 
T.S. Eliot 
William Shakespeare 
William Shakespeare 
James Jeans 
Bertrand Russell 
John Mansfield 
Emile Zola 
George Orwell 
Charles Dickens 
W. Somerset Maugham 
Homer 
Wendell Wilkie 
Charles Darwin 
William Shakespeare 
Ernest Hemingway 
Jane Austen 
David Loshak 
John Milton 
Chester Bowles 
John Bunyan 
George Bernard Shaw 
J.M. Barrie 
Machiavelli 
Walter Lippmann 
Charles Dickens 
Saul Bellow 
Pearl S. Buck 
Jean Paul Sartre 
Alexander Pope 
Books Authors 
Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare 
Republic Plato 
Rape of Bangladesh Anthony Mascarenhas 
Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe 
Rubaiyat-i-Omar Khayyam Edward Fitzgerald 
Red Star Over China Edgar Snow 
Razor's Edge W. Somerset Maugham 
Rains Came Louis Bromefield 
Sleeping Murder Agatha Christie 
Samler's Planet Saul Bellow 
Scarlet Pimpernel Baroness Orczy 
Story of My Life Moshe Dayan 
Sense and Sensibility Jane Austen 
Shahnama Firdausi 
She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith 
St. Joan George Bernard Shaw 
Sohrab and Rustom Matthew Arnold 
Shape of Things to Come H.G. Wells 
Spirit of the Age William Hazlitt 
Sons and Lovers D.H. Lawrence 
Three Musketeers Alexander Dumas 
The Other Side of Midnight Sidney Sheldon 
Talisman Sir Walter Scott 
Tales from Shakespeare Charles Lamb 
Tess of D'Urbervilles Thomas Hardy 
Treasure Island Robert Louis Stevenson 
The Idiot Fyodor Dostoevsky 
Twelfth Night William Shakespeare 
The Trumpet Major Thomas Hardy 
Thank You, Jeeves P.G. Wodehouse 
Triumph J.K. Galbraith 
Time Machine H.G. Wells 
Tropic of Cancer Henry Miller 
Utopia Thomas Moore 
Universe Around Us James Jeans 
Unto This Last John Ruskin 
Ulysses James Joyce 
Upturned Soil Mikhail Sholokhov 
Vicar of Wakefield Oliver Goldsmith 
Victim, The Saul Bellow 
War and Peace Leo Tolstoy 
Walking on the Water Hugg Cudlipp 
Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte 
Wealth of Nations AdamSmith 
Way of All Flesh Samuel Butler 
Waste Land T.S. Eliot 
/ FAMOUS BOOKS BY INDIAN AUTHORS \ 
Books 
Adhe Adhure 
Arthashastra 
Agni Pariksha 
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian 
Ain-i-Akbari 
Asia and Western Dominance 
Bhagwat Geeta 
Between the Lines 
Ba Mulahaza Hoshiar 
Broken Wing 
Coolie 
Chidambara 
Confession of a Lover 
Continent of Circe 
Chinese Betrayal 
Death of a City 
Distant Neighbours 
Durgesh Nandini 
Discovery of India 
Divine Life 
Gardener 
Geet Govinda 
Glimpses of World History 
Gora 
Gul-e-Naghma 
Gana Devata 
Gitanjali 
Godan 
Guide 
Harshacharita 
Hindu View of Life 
Himalayan Blunder 
Hungry Stones 
India after Nehru 
India Divided 
India Wins Freedom 
India from Curzon to Nehru 
and After 
I Am Not an Island 
India, The Critical Years 
India, The Wasted Years 1969-75 
I Follow the Mahatma 
Judgement, The 
Jobs for the Millions 
Authors 
Mohan Rakesh 
Kautilya 
Acharya Tulsi 
Nirad C. Chaudhuri 
Abul Fazal 
K.M. Pannikar 
Maharishi Ved Vyas 
Kuldip Naiyar 
Narendra Pal Singh 
Sarojini Naidu 
Mulk Raj Anand 
Sumitranandan Pant 
Mulk Raj Anand 
Nirad C. Chaudhuri 
B.N. Mullick 
Amrita Pritam 
Kuldip Naiyar 
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 
J.L. Nehru 
Swami Sivananda 
Rabindra Nath Tagore 
Jaidev 
J.L. Nehru 
Rabindra Nath Tagore 
Raghupati Sahai Firaq Gorakhpuri 
Tara Shanker Bandhopadhyaya 
Rabindra Nath Tagore 
Prem Chand 
R.K. Narayan 
Bana Bhatta 
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan 
Brigadier J.P. Dalvi 
Rabindra NathTagore 
Kuldip Naiyar 
Rajendra Prasad 
Abul Kalam Azad 
Durga Das 
K.A. Abbas 
Kuldip Naiyar 
Rajinder Puri 
K.M. Munshi 
Kuldip Naiyar 
V.V. Giri 
< r S > 
Books 
Kamayani 
Kadambari 
Life Divine 
My Experiments with Truth 
Malati Madhav 
My Life and Times 
Mahabharata 
Meghdoot 
Mudra Rakshasa 
Many Worlds 
Nisheeth 
Out of Dust 
Panchtantra 
Prison and Chocolate Cake 
Prison Diary 
Post Office 
Prem Pachisi 
Ramayana 
Ram Charita Manas 
Raghuvansa 
Raj Tarangini 
Ratnavali 
Red Tape and White Cap 
Story of My Life 
Sunny Days 
Shakuntala 
Satyarth Prakash 
Shri Ramayana Darshanam 
Saket 
Shahnama 
Swapna Vasavadatta 
Two Leaves and a Bud 
Untold Story 
Urvashi 
Uttara Ramcharita 
Unhappy India 
Vish Vriksha 
Vande Mataram 
Wall of Glass, The 
Witness to an Era 
War of Indian Independence 
Yashodhara 
Yesterday and Today 
Yayati 
Zulfi, My Friend 
Authors 
Jai Shanker Prasad 
Bana Bhatta 
Sri Aurobindo 
Mahatma Gandhi 
Bhavabhuti 
V.V. Giri 
Maharishi Ved Vyas 
Kalidas 
Vishakhadutta 
K.P.S. Menon 
Uma Shanker Joshi 
D.F. Karaka 
Vishnu Sharma 
Nayantara Sehgal 
Jaya Prakash Narayan 
Rabindra Nath Tagore 
Prem Chand 
Maharishi Balmiki 
Tulsidas 
Kalidas 
Kalhan 
Harsh Vardhan 
P.V.R. Rao 
Morarji Desai 
Sunil Gavaskar 
Kalidas 
Swami Dayanand 
K.V. Puttappa 
Maithili Sharan Gupta 
Firdausi 
Bhasa 
Mulk Raj Anand 
General B.M. Kaul 
Ramdhari Singh Dinkar 
Bhavabhuti 
Lala Lajpat Rai 
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 
K.A. Abbas 
Frank Moraes 
Vir Savarkar 
Maithili Sharan Gupta 
K.P.S. Menon 
V.S. Khandekar 
Piloo Mody 
<jzD 
/ IMPORTANT PLACES 
(Indian and Foreign) 
Place 
Abu Simbal 
Adam's Bridge 
Agra 
Ajanta & Ellora 
Ajmer 
Alexandria 
Aliabet 
Allahabad 
Alwaye 
Amarnath 
Amritsar 
Anand 
Anand Bhawan 
Aurangabad 
Avadi 
X 
Location and Importance 
Located on the bank of Nile river in Egypt, is known for the 
ancient rock-cut temples by Ramesses II. 
The 17-mile long bridge is only a line of rocks and sand-banks 
between Sri Lanka and India. 
Located on the bank of the Jamuna in U.P. is known for Taj 
Mahal, Fort and Pearl Mosque. 
Located near Aurangabad in Maharashtra state are famous 
for the Buddhist cave temples which are ornamented with 
sculptures carved with paintings. 
Located in Rajasthan is a pilgrim centre for Muslims. The 
tomb of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti is also located here. 
A renowned city and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander 
the Great^is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The 
Pharos of Alexandria-a marble watch town and light house on 
the island of Pharos in the harbour of Alexandria—is also 
located here. 
Located near Bhavnagar in Gujarat state is the site of the first 
offshore oil well in India. 
Located in Uttar Pradesh is an important place of Hindu 
pilgrimage for being the confluence of three rivers— the 
Ganga, the Jamuna and the Saraswati. 
Located in Kerala is known for the FACT unit manufacturing 
fertilizers and Monazite factory. 
Located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and situated at a 
height of about 13000 feet is a famous Hindu pilgrim centre. 
Located in Punjab is known for the Golden Temple and is 
remembered for the Jalianwala Bagh Tragedy. 
Located in Gujarat State is famous for co-operative milk-dairy, 
AMUL butter and milk being the chief products. 
Situated in Allahabad, residence of Pt. Moti Lai Nehru is now 
dedicated to the Indian National Congress. 
Located in Maharashtra state is famous for the tomb of 
Aurangzeb and his wife. 
Situated in Tamil Nadu is known for the location of 
Government-owned heavy vehicles factory. 
< 1 7 6 > 
^ / a c " 
Ayodhya 
Bangalore 
Barauni 
Bethlehem 
Bhakra 
Bhilai 
Big Ben 
Bhubaneshwar 
Bokaro 
Bombay High 
Buland Darwaza 
Cape Kennedy 
Capitol, The 
Chandigarh 
Chittaranjan 
Chittorgarh 
Dayalbagh 
Detroit 
Delhi 
Dhariwal 
Digboi 
Durgapur 
Elephanta 
Empire State 
Building 
Etna 
Fatehpur Sikri 
Location and Importance 
It is located near Faizabad in U.P. Rama is the most important 
king associated with this place. 
It is the capital of Karnataka state. Hindustan Aircraft Factory, 
Indian Telephone Industries and H.M.T. factories are in this 
town. 
Situated in Bihar is known for a big oil refinery in public 
sector. 
It is in Israel and is the birth place of Jesus Christ. 
It is in Punjab and is known for the Bhakra Dam. 
Situated in Madhya Pradesh is known for the big steel plant 
set up with the assistance of Russia. 
It is the big clock installed in 1859 on the tower of British 
Parliament House building in London. 
The capital of Orissa is famous for Linga Raja Temple. 
Situated in Bihar is known for the Steel Plant. 
It is India's most promising off-shore oil area in Arabian Sea. 
It is a gate way of Fatehpur Sikri in Agra and is known for its 
height (176 feet). 
Located in Florida (U.S.A.) is the missile launching centre and 
headquarters of NASA. 
Located in Washington houses the Senate (The Parliament of 
the United States of America). 
Joint capital of Punjab and Haryana states. 
Situated in West Bengal is known for the manufacture of 
railway locomotives. 
It is situated in Rajasthan and is known for Tower of Victory 
which was built by Rana Kumbha. 
It is in Agra and is famous as a religious and cultural seat of 
the Hindus who believe in Radha Swami Sect. 
It is a town in U.S.A. which is famous as the biggest car 
manufacturing place in the world. 
Old capital of India and is famous for its historical and 
religious monuments. 
It is in Punjab and is famous for woollen goods. 
It is in Assam and is known for oil fields and oil refinery. 
Located in West Bengal is famous for the steel plant. 
It is an island in Bombay harbour and famous for rock-cut 
caves. 
Located in New York is one of the world's tallest buildings. 
It is a volcano in Italy. 
About 35 kms. from Agra in Uttar Pradesh is of tourist impor-
tance. The famous Buland Darwaza is located here. 
<m> 
Place 
Ferozabad 
Ghazipur 
Gole Gumbuz 
Great Wall of 
China 
Hague, The 
Haldia 
Hanging Gardens 
of Babylon 
Havana 
Jamshedpur 
Jerusalem 
Jharia 
Jog Falls 
Kandla 
Konark 
Kremlin 
Ludhiana 
Madurai 
Mahabalipuram 
Mathura 
Mecca 
Monte Carlo 
Mount Abu 
Nepanagar 
\ 
Panna 
Location and Importance 
Situated in Uttar Pradesh is known for the glass bangle 
industry. 
A town in Uttar Pradesh is known for Government opium 
factory. 
Located in Bijapur (Mysore) is the largest dome of the world. 
It is known for the world famous Whispering Gallery. 
The 1500-mile long fortification in Chinarunning from Kansu 
province to Hopeh province was built by the Chinese Emperor 
Shih Hawang. 
It is in Netherlands and is famous for the seat of the 
International Court of Justice. 
It is in West Bengal and is famous for oil refinery set up in 
collaboration with Romania and France. 
One of the seven wonders of the world. These were first 
planted in 603 B.C. by King Nebuchadnezzar and are located 
60 miles south of Baghdad. 
It is the capital of Cuba and is known for the manufacture of 
cigars. 
An industrial centre situated in Bihar. Iron and steel industries 
of the Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. are located here. 
A place of pilgrimage for the Christians, Jews and Muslims. Al 
Aqsa Mosque and the Wailing Wall are located here. 
Located in Bihar is famous for the coal industry. 
They are in Karnataka and are one of the highest waterfalls in 
the world. 
A major port in Gujarat and is famous for fertilizers. 
Located near Puri in Orissa is known for Black Pagoda and 
Sun Temple. 
It is a large fortified citadel in Moscow. The Secretariat of the 
Soviet Government is located here. 
A town in Punjab is famous for hosiery, cycle and sewing 
machine industries. 
A town in Tamil Nadu is famous for the Meenakshi Temple. 
It is located near Madras and is famous for the rock-cut 
temples. The famous Arjuna Ratha, Draupadi Ratha and 
Dharmaraja chariot are also located here. 
It is located near Agra in U.P., is famous for the birth place of 
Lord Krishna. 
It is in Saudi Arabia and is known for being the birth place of 
Prophet Mohammed, the founder of Islam. It is a place of 
pilgrim importance for the Muslims. 
Located in France is known as a gambling centre. 
It is in Rajasthan and is famous for Jain Temples. 
It is in Madhya Pradesh and is known for the newsprint 
factory which is owned by the Government. 
Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for diamond mines 
<m> 
Place Location and Importance \ 
Perambur 
Pimpri 
Pushkar 
Rajghat 
Rishikesh 
Rourkela 
Sambhar 
Sanchi 
Sarnath 
Shanti Van 
Sindri 
Sriharikota 
Tarapore 
Thumba 
Ujjain 
Verrazano : 
Narrows Bridge 
Victoria Memorial : 
Vijay Ghat 
Visakhapatnam 
Wall Street 
White House 
Yellowstone : 
Located near Madras in Tamil Nadu is known for Integral 
Coach Factory where passenger coaches are manufactured. 
Located in Maharashtra is known for the penicillin factory. 
A lake in Rajasthan which is a place of pilgrimage of the 
Hindus. 
Located on the bank of Jamuna in Delhi is the place where 
Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was cremated in 
January 1948. 
It is near Hardwar in Uttar Pradesh and is known for the 
antibiotic factory. Also a place of pilgrimage for Hindus. 
A town in Orissa is known for steel plant and fertilizer factory. 
It is a lake in Rajasthan which is famous for salt. 
Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Buddhist Stupas. 
It is near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and is a famous Buddhist 
pilgrim centre. Deer Park and Ashoka Pillar are located here. 
It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Pt. Jawahar Lai 
Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India was cremated here in 
May 1964. 
It is an industrial town of Bihar. A fertilizer factory is located 
here. 
Located in Andhra Pradesh is famous as a satellite launching 
centre. 
It is near Mumbai in Maharashtra and is known for India's 
atomic power station. 
Located in Chittor in Rajasthan was built by Rana Kumbha 
in 1448 to commemorate his victory. 
An ancient city in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Mahabale-
shwar Temple. 
The world's longest bridge (4260 feet) between Staten Island 
and Brooklyn, New York. 
Located in Calcutta was built in memory of Queen Victoria. 
It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Lai Bahadur 
Shastri was cremated here in January 1966. 
It is a big harbour on the eastern coast of India in Andhra 
Pradesh and is famous for the ship building industry and oil 
refinery. 
Located in New York is U.S.A.'s important stock exchange 
market. 
Official residence of the American President since 1800 A.D. 
President John Adams was the first President of America to 
live here. 
It is U.S.A.'s oldest and largest national park. The spectacular 
falls and impressive canyons of the Yellow-stone River are 
the maior attractions here. 
INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS 
Invention 
Aeroplane 
Aniline Dyes 
Air-brake (for rail-roads) 
Anti-polio Vaccine 
Antiseptic Surgery 
Atom Bomb 
Atom—breaking up the nucleus of an 
Atomic Clock 
Atomic Theory 
Atomic Structure 
Automobile 
Barometer 
Balloon 
Beri Beri—cause of 
Bicycle 
Blood Circulation 
Blood Transfusion 
Calculating Machine 
Camera 
Cholera bacillus 
Chloroform 
Celluloid 
Cinematography 
Cosmic Rays 
Crescograph 
Crystal Dynamics 
Diesel Oil Engine 
Drinker's Chamber 
Dynamite 
Dynamo 
Electric Battery 
Electric Attraction—Fundamental, Law of 
Electric Lamp 
Electrical Energy—Measurements of 
Electrical Resistance—Law of 
Inventor 
Wright Brothers 
Hoffmann 
George Westing-house 
Jonas E. Salk 
Lord Joseph Lister 
Otto Hahn 
Rutherford 
Dr. Willard Frank Libby 
Dalton 
Bohr and Rutherford 
Daimler 
Torricelli 
Montgolfier 
Eijkman 
Macmillan 
Harvey 
Land Steiner 
Pascal 
Zeiss 
Robert Koch 
James Harrison and 
James Simpson 
Parkes 
Thomas Edison 
R.A. Millikan 
J.C. Bose 
C.V. Raman 
Rudolf Diesel 
Dr. Philip Drinker 
Alfred Nobel 
Michael Faraday 
Volta 
Coulomb 
Edison 
Joule, James Prescott 
Ohm 
Invention 
Electricity Current 
Electrons—Discovery of 
Electron Theory 
Fick's Law 
Evolution—Theory of 
Fountain Pen 
Film and Photographic goods 
Gas Engine 
Gramophone 
Gravitation—Laws of 
Glider 
Helicopter 
Heredity—Laws of 
Homoeopathy 
Hovercraft 
Hydrogen 
Hydrophobia 
Incandescent Bulb 
Insulin (as a palliative for diabetes) 
Intelligence Tests 
Iron Lung 
Jet Propulsion 
Kala-azar Fever 
Laughing Gas 
Lever—Principle of 
(and of Specific Gravity) 
Life Boat 
Lift (Power Elevator) 
Lightning Conductor 
Logarithms 
Lenses 
Machine Gun 
Magazine of Rifle 
Malaria Parasite 
Manufacture of Washing Soda 
Inventor 
Volta 
J.J. Thomson 
Bohr 
Fick 
Charles Darwin 
Waterman 
Kodak 
Daimler 
Thomas Edison 
Newton 
George Cayley 
Igor Ivan Sikorsky— 1939 
Gregor Mendel 
Hahnemann 
Cockerell 
Cavendish 
Louis Pasteur 
Edison 
F. Banting 
Binet 
Dr. Philip Drinker 
Frank Whittle 
U.N. Brahmachari 
Priestley 
Archimedes 
Henry Greathead 
Otis 
Benjamin Franklin 
John Napier 
Zeiss 
Dr. Gattling 
Mauser 
Dr. Ronald Ross 
Laplanc 
/ 
X 
Invention 
Mechanical Equivalent of Heat 
Megaphone 
'Montessori' method of teaching children 
Meson 
Microphone 
Microscope 
Morse System of Electric Telegraphy 
Military tank 
Motion—Law of 
Multiple Proportions—Laws of 
Natural Selection—Laws of 
Neon—gas 
Neutron 
Nuclear Fission 
Nylon 
Paints 
Penicillin 
Periodic Law 
Phonograph 
Photo-electric-cell-Theory of 
Photography 
Photography (coloured) 
Photography (Roll Films) 
Photography (Under-sea) 
Phototherapy 
PneumaticTyre 
Power loom 
Printing Press 
Psycho-analysis 
Quantum Theory 
Radio-activity Artificial 
Radio-activity of Uranium 
Radar 
Radio 
Radio Telephone 
Radio Transmitter 
Inventor 
Joule 
Edison 
Maria Montessori 
Hideki Yukawa 
David Edward Hughes—1878 
Janssen (improved by Galileo) 
Morse 
Swinton 
Newton 
Dalton 
Charles Darwin 
W. Ramsay 
Chadwick 
Otto Hahn 
W.H. Carothers 
Shalimar 
Alexander Fleming 
Mendeleev 
Edison 
A. Becquerel 
L. Daguerre 
Gabriel Lippman 
George Eastman 
Edgerton 
N.R. Finsen 
Dunlop 
Cartwright 
Cutenberg 
Dr. Sigmund Freud 
Max Planck 
Madam Joliot and Irene Curie 
A. Henry Becquerel 
Robert Watson Watt 
Marconi 
Lee De Forest 
Alexanderson 
< 1 8 2 > 
Invention Inventor 
Radium Madame Curie 
Railway Engine Stephenson 
Relativity—Theory of A. Einstein 
Heart Transplantation Christiaan Barnard 
Revolver Colt 
Safety Lamp (Miner's) Humphrey Davy 
Safety Razor Gillette 
Salk Vaccine (Anti-polio) Dr. James E. Salk 
Seismograph Robert Mallet 
Sewing Machine Elias Howe 
Space Flying Dr. Wernher Von Brown 
Sextant John Hadley 
SteamBoat Fulton 
Steam Engine James Watt 
Steel Smelting Process Sir Henry Bessemer 
Stethoscope Laennec 
Submarine John P. Holland—1875 
Streptomycin Waksman 
Sulpha drugs G. Domagk 
Talkies Lee De Forest 
Telephone A. Graham Bell 
Telescope Hans Lippershey—1608 
Telescope (Reflecting) Newton 
Television Apparatus J.L. Baird 
Thermometer Fahrenheit 
Vacuum Flask (Trade Name Thermos Flask) James Dewar 
Torpedo Robert Whitehead 
Transistor W. Shockley 
Tubercle Baccilli Koch 
Typewriter Sholes 
Uranium A. Henry Becquerel 
Vaccination (Smallpox) Edward Jenner 
Vitamins Funk 
Vitamin D F.C. Hopkins 
Rubber, Vulcanising Good Year 
Wireless Telegraphy Marconi 
X-ray Roentgen 
Yellow fever—Causes of Reed 
/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES \ 
Amundsen 
Neil Armstrong 
Byrd 
Captain Cook 
Columbus 
David Livingstone 
Edmund Hillary 
Ferdinand de Lesseps 
Kepler Johannes 
Lindberg 
Magellan 
Marco Polo 
Nausen 
Robert Peary 
Shackleton 
Sven Hedin 
Tasman 
Tenzing 
Vasco da Gama 
Discovered South Pole in 1911. 
First person to set foot on the moon on July 21, 1969. 
Flew over the North Pole in 1926 and over the South 
Pole in 1929. Discovered Edsel Ford mountains and 
Morie Byrd Land. 
Discovered Sandwich now called Hawaiian Isles 
in 1770. 
Discovered West Indies in 1492 and South America 
in 1498. 
Discovered the Victoria Falls, Lake Nyasa in Africa and 
course of the Zambezi 
Joint conqueror of Mount Everest with Tenzing. In a 
Trans-Atlantic expedition he reached South Pole on 
January 3, 1958. 
Conceived the plan of the Suez Canal which was 
completed in 1869 through his efforts. 
Discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion in 1609. 
Made the first solo-flight across the Atlantic from New 
York to Paris in 1927. 
Commanded the first expedition in 1519 to sail round 
the world and discovered a passage to the Pacific from 
the Atlantic through the straits. 
Explored China, India, South eastern countries and 
published the record of his various explorations. 
Explored across Green land and reached the highest 
altitude in the North Polar Region till then attained. 
First person to reach the North Pole in 1909. 
An Arctic explorer who reached within 100 miles of the 
South Pole. 
A Swedish explorer who contributed to the geographic 
and archaeological knowledge of the large areas of 
Central Asia. 
A Dutch navigator who discovered Tasmania and New 
Zealand in 1642. 
The first Sherpa to reach Mount Everest on May 29, 
1953 along with Edmund Hillary. 
A Portuguese navigator who rounded the Cape of Good 
Hope and discovered the sea route to India in 1498. 
( T § 4 ) 
/ SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE \ 
Altimeter 
Ammeter 
Anemometer 
Audiometer 
Audiophone 
Barometer 
Callipers 
Calorimeter 
Carburettor 
Cardiogram 
Chronometer 
Cinematograph 
Compass Needle 
Crescograph 
Drinker's Appartus 
Dynamo 
Electro encephalograph 
(EEC) 
Epidiascope 
Fathometer 
Gramophone 
Hydrometer 
Hydrophone 
Hygrometer 
Kymograph 
\ 
Measures altitudes in an aircraft. 
Measures electrical currents in amperes. 
Measures the force and velocity of wind. 
Measures intensity of sound. 
Improves imperfect sense of hearing. 
Measures the atmosphere pressure. 
A compass with legs measuring the inside or outside 
diameter of bodies. 
Measures quantities of heat. 
Charges air with petrol vapours in an internal 
combustion engine. 
Traces the movements of the heart. 
It is kept on board ships to measure accurate time. 
It consists of a series of lenses arranged to throw on a 
screen an enlarged image of photographs. 
It is used for knowing approximately the North-South 
direction of a place. 
It is used for recording the growth of plants. 
Helps in breathing in infantile paralysis. 
It generates electricity. 
It is the technique of recording and interpreting the 
electrical activity of the brain 
It is used for projecting films as well as images of 
opaque articles on a screen. 
It is used for measuring depth of the ocean. 
A machine that reproduces sound. 
It is used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids. 
It is used for recording sound under water. 
It is used for measuring humidity in air. 
It is used to record graphically physiological 
movements, i.e., blood pressure, heart beating, study of 
lungs etc. in living beings. 
(185) 
/ Lactometer 
Mariner's Compass 
Micrometer 
Microphone 
Microscope 
Odometer 
Parachute 
Pipette 
Radar 
Rain Gauge 
Saccharimeter 
Seismograph 
Sextant 
Stethoscope 
Stop Watch 
Tachometer 
Teleprinter 
Telescope 
Clinical Thermometer 
It is used for measuring the purity of milk. 
It is used to guide the sailors. Its needle always points 
North-South. 
A micrometer is an instrument for measuring very small 
distance and angles. 
Microphones are used in Radio and Television 
broadcasting. 
It is an optical instrument for magnifying objects. 
It is used to record the distance covered by wheeled 
vehicles. 
It is a umbrella-shaped safety device used in an 
emergency by the passengers of an aircraft or by 
paratroops during war. 
It is a glass tube with which a definite volume of liquid 
can be transferred. 
It is used to detect the direction of an approaching 
aeroplane by means of radio micro-waves. 
It is an apparatus to record rainfall at a particular place. 
It is an instrument to determine the amount of sugar 
in a solution. 
It is an instrument to record earthquake shocks. 
A sextant is an instrument for finding latitude. 
It is an instrument to hear and analyse the movements 
of heart and lungs. 
It is used to record small intervals of time. 
It is an instrument to determine speeds of aeroplanes 
and motor-boats. 
It is an instrument which prints automatically messages 
sent from one place to another on telegraph lines. 
It is an apparatus used for observing distant objects. 
It is an apparatus used for measuring temperature of 
the human body. 
<186> 
/ STATES OF INDIA \ 
States Capitals 
1. Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad 
2. Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar 
3. Assam Dispur 
4. Bihar Patna 
5. Delhi* Delhi* 
6. Goa Panaji 
7. Gujarat Gandhi Nagar 
8. Haryana Chandigarh 
9. Himachal Pradesh Shimla 
10. Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar 
11. Karnataka Bangalore 
12. Kerala Thiruvanathapuram 
13. Madhya Pradesh Bhopal 
14. Maharashtra Mumbai 
15 Manipur Imphal 
16. Meghalaya Shillong 
17. Mizoram Aizawl 
18. Nagaland Kohima 
19. Orissa Bhubaneshwar 
20. Punjab Chandigarh 
21. Rajasthan Jaipur 
22. Sikkim Gangtok 
23. Tamilnadu Chennai 
24. Tripura Agartala 
25. Uttar Pradesh Lucknow 
26. West Bengal Kolkata 
New States 
27. Chhatisgarh Raipur 
28. Jharkhand Ranchi 
29. Uttranchal Dehradun 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
UNION TERRITORIES 
Union Territories 
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 
Chandigarh 
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 
Daman and Diu 
Lakshadweep 
Pondicherry 
<187> 
Capitals 
Port Blair 
Chandigarh 
Silvassa 
Daman 
Kavaratti 
Pondicherry 
(Punducherry) 
/ COUNTRIES, NATIONALITIES, \ CURRENCIES & CAPITALS 
(ASIA) 
COUNTRY NATIONALITY CURRENCY CAPITAL 
Afghanistan Afghan afghani Kabul 
Bahrain ( ^ T ) Bahraini dinar Manama 
Bangladesh («HlcHI< l̂) Bangladeshi taka Dhaka 
Bhutan (<3?R) Bhutani ngultrum Thimphu 
China ( ^ H l ) Chinese yuan Beijing 
Cyprus ('MISSJ'H) Cypriot Cyprus pound Nicosia 
India ( I few) Indian rupee New Delhi 
Indonesia (sj-^RKII) Indonesian rupiah Jakarta 
Iran ( t r R ) Iranian rial Tehran 
Iraq ( t n ^ ) Iraqi dinar Baghdad 
Israel Israeli shekel Jerusalem 
Japan (vHNIH) Japanese yen Tokyo 
Jordan (W^T) Jordanian dinar Amman 
Kazakhstan (cbvHlftvMH) Kazakhstani tenge Alma-ata Akmola 
North Korea (HiaJ chlRill) North Korean won(KPW) Pyongyang 
South Korea (-HIvJSM chlRill) South Korean won (KRW) Seoul 
Kuwait ( f fc l ) Kuwaiti dinar Kuwait 
Laos (eTTSITft) Laotian kip Vientiane 
Lebanon (^HIH) Lebanese pound Beirut 
Malaysia (Hc^RlAll) Malaysian ringgit Kuala Lumpur 
Maldives (HldftcH) Maldivian rufiyaa Male 
Mongolia Mongolian tugrik Ulaan Bator 
Nepal (AMM)Nepali rupee Kathmandu 
Oman (3?RFT) Omani rial Muscat 
Pakistan (mfcbwiH) Pakistani rupee Islamabad 
Qatar (c^ex) Qatari riyal Doha 
Saudi Arabia VM̂ RIAII ) Saudi Arabian rial (SAR) Riyadh 
Philippines ( f q ^ F H ) Filipino or piso Manila 
Philippine 
Singapore (RHII^) Singaporean dollar Singapore 
Sri Lanka (̂ hcichi) Sri Lankan rupee Colombo 
Syria (faffcn) Syrian pound Syrian pound Damascus 
> (188) ' 
Taiwan (dl^clH) Taiwanian dollar Taipei 
Tajikistan Tajik tajik rouble Dushanbe 
Thailand Thai baht Bangkok 
Turkey Turk; Turkish turkish lira Ankara 
United Arab Emirates dirham Abu Dhabi 
Emirates 
Uzbekistan (vJuHRb+dM) Uzbekistani som (UKS) Tashkent 
Vietnam (RWdHm) Vietnamese dong Hanoi 
Yemen (TO) Yemeni riyal (YER) Sarfa 
Russia Russian rouble Moscow 
Algeria 
Angola 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
X 
3TffTen) 
«Ml<r<HcJM|) 
w f t ) 
chH^H) 
cfnr crsf) 
(AFRICA) 
Algerian 
Angolan 
Botswana 
Burkinan 
Burundian 
Cameroonian 
Cape Verdean 
dinar 
kwanza 
pula 
franc CFA 
burundi franc 
franc CFA 
cape verde 
escudo 
Algiers 
Luanda 
Gaborone 
Ouagadougou 
Bujumbura 
Yaounde 
Praia 
Central African Central African franc CFA Bangui 
Republic RqRdcb) 
Chad W Chadian franc CFA N'Djamena 
Congo (ctfRft) Congolese franc CFA Brazzaville 
Djibouti Djiboutian djibouti franc Djibouti 
Egypt Egyptian pound Cairo 
Equatorial Equatorial franc CFA Malabo 
Guinea Guinean 
Eritrea Eritrean ethiopian birr Asmara 
Gabon ('win) Gabonese franc CFA Libreville 
Gambia (Jlfî AJI) Gambian dalasi Banjul 
Ghana ("STHT) Ghanian cedi Accra 
Guinea Guinean guinean franc Conakry 
Guinea Bissau Guinean peso (GWP) Bissau 
Kenya (^WJI) Kenyan kenya shilling Nairobi 
Lesotho Lesothonian loti Maseru 
Liberia (dl^^Rill) Liberian liberian dollar Monrovia 
<189> 
/ 
Madagascar Madagascan malagasy franc Antananarivo 
Malawi Malawian kwacha (MWK) Lilongwe 
Mali Malian franc CFA Bamako 
Mauritania ( M d i P m ) Mauritanian ouguiya Nouakchott 
Mauritius (iftffefara) Mauritian mauritius rupee Port Louis 
Morocco ( T f l ^ ) Moroccan dirham (MAD) Rabat 
Mozambique Mozambican metical Maputo 
Niger < Hl̂ vĤ ) Niger-Congo franc CFA Niamey 
Nigeria (HljvflRm) Nigerian naira Abuja 
Rwanda (ycl^l) Rwandan rwanda franc Kigali 
Sao Tome & dobra Sao Tome 
Principe ftHflljq) 
Senegal Senegalese franc CFA Dakar 
Seychelles ('AVIWH) Seychelleois Seychelles rupee Victoria 
Somalia Somalian somali shilling Mogadishu 
South Africa ("HMiM 3UI>W>l) South African rand Pretoria, 
Cape Town 
Sudan Sudanese sudanese pound/ Khartoum 
dinars 
Tanzania (dHvHlPfill) Tanzanian tanzanian shilling Dodoma 
(NORTH AMERICA) 
Antigua & ( ^ y a n Tying Antiguan east Caribbean St. John's 
Barbuda dollar 
Bahamas Bahamian bahamian dollar Nassau 
Barbados Barbadian barbados dollar Bridgetown 
Belize Belizean belize dollar Belmopan 
Canada (ebHkSl) Canadian Canadian dollar Ottawa 
Cuba (cJ^T) Cuban cuba peso Havana 
Dominica (^flPlfrl) Dominican dollar Roseau 
Dominican Rep. ( ^ P l c M f f r . ) Dominican peso oro Santo Domingo 
Grenada (t^T^l) Grenadian dollar St. George's 
Guatemala ('dl^Hldl) Guatemalan quetzal Guatemala City 
Haiti Haitian gourde Port-au-Prince 
Honduras Honduran lempira Tegucigalpa 
Jamaica Jamaican dollar Kingston 
> (190) ' 
/ \ 
Mexico Mexican peso Mexico City 
Nicaragua (P|cbKIJJ3n) Nicaraguan cordoba Managua 
Panama (mhihi) Panamanian balboa Panama City 
St. Lucia ("#5 cjR^l) Caribbean dollar Castries 
Trinidad & (1MRR XTTTg Trinidadian dollar Port of Spain 
Tobago riT^'ll) 
United States (^Hl^-s! American dollar Washington, D.C. 
of America 
(SOUTH AMERICA) 
Argentina Argentinian peso Buenos Aires 
Bolivia (sflcflEim) Bolivian boliviano La Paz, Sucre 
Brazil (sJlvjfplcH) Brazilian real Brasilia 
Chile (xJl^d) Chilean Chilean peso Santiago 
Colombia (cblcilf^ill) Colombian peso Bogota 
Ecuador Ecuadorean sucre Quito 
Guyana (TJ3THT) Guyanese dollar Georgetown 
Paraguay Paraguayan guarani Asuncion 
Surinam Surinamese guilder Paramaribo 
Uruguay Uruguayan peso Montevideo 
Venezuela C^H^dl) Venezuelan bolivar Caracas 
(OCEANIA) 
Australia (3ll̂ fcHA||) Australian dollar Canberra 
Fiji (IWft) Fijian dollar Suva 
Marshall Is. (HiyTcH 3TH?.) Marshallese dollar Dalap-Uliga-Darrit 
Micronesia Micronesian dollar Palikir 
Solomon Is. S. Islander dollar Honiara 
Nauru ( H l ^ ) Nauruan dollar No official capital 
New Zealand (-ilyTlelu^) New Zealander dollar Wellington 
Tonga (dHIl) Tongan pa'anga Nuku'alofa 
(EUROPE) 
Albania Albanian lek Tirana 
Andorra (dkSlVl) Andorran franc/peseta Andorre la Vella 
Austria (^iR-diJl) Austrian schilling Vienna 
Belarus (cldl-M-l) Belorussian rouble Minsk . 
\ 
(cldl-M-l) / 
Belgium Belgian franc Brussels 
Bulgaria (<s|eHlR*Jl) Bulgarian lev Sofia 
Croatia (fbll^ian) Croatian kuna Zagreb 
Czech Republic Czechs koruna Prague 
Denmark (^HHli) Dane/Danish krone Copenhagen 
Estonia Estonian kroon Tallinn 
Finland ((ihHclu-d) Finnish markka Helsinki 
France (wRl) French franc Paris 
Germany (Tiptft) German deutsche mark Berlin, Bonn 
Greece (IfRr) Greek drachma Athens 
Hungary (FT^f) Hungarian forint Budapest 
Iceland ( y i s ^ i ^ ) Icelander krona Reykjavik 
Ireland (ail^cHM) Irishman pound Dublin 
Italy Italian lira Rome 
Latvia (elrifclill) Latvian lats Riga 
Liechtenstein (h i^h -wi^h) Liechtensteiner franc Vaduz 
Lithuania (fcH^aiiPiiii) Lithuanian litas Vilnius 
Luxembourg Luxembourger franc Luxembourg 
Malta (Hlcril) Maltese lira Valletta 
Monaco (H^chl) Monegasque franc Monaco 
Netherlands Dutch guilder Amsterdam 
Norway Norwegian krone Oslo 
Poland (M^u-d) Pole/Polish zloty Warsaw 
Portugal Portuguese escudo Lisbon 
Romania (^HlPKJl) Romanian lei Bucharest 
San Marino ^RWl) San Marinese lira San Marino 
Slovenia (wife) Pi ill) Slovenian tolar Ljubljana 
Spain Spanish peseta Madrid 
Sweden (*5VSSH) Swedish krona (SEK) Stockholm 
Switzerland (R-cldvHŷ l-d) Swiss franc Berne 
Ukraine (^MH) Ukrainian karbovanets Kiev 
United Kingdom ( ^ h i ^ British pound sterling London 
Yugoslavia (^ilwiRiiii) Yugoslavian new dinar Belgrade 
ARORA'S 
	Cover
	CONTENTS
	The Dictionary
	Action Words
	General Knowledge