TRABALHO TI ESTUDOS DISCIPLINARES XIV

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 Pergunta 1 
1 em 1 pontos 
 
 
Read the statements below: 
I - Teaching based on communicative tasks may represent an 
alternative for integrating the four skills (speaking, reading, writing and 
listening) into mainstream schools and serving to show students the 
value of the foreign language through its use in real everyday situations. 
II - Using communicative tasks, the teacher can choose important topics 
such as environment, health and citizenship to develop tasks that allow 
discussions and situations involving problem solving. 
III - Communicative tasks are student-centered, giving the learner 
greater autonomy. 
IV - In communicative tasks, it is up to teachers to monitor, provide 
feedback and input necessary for students to reach the proposed 
results. 
V - Active learner participation in the learning process plays a highly 
positive role, and this has been used in virtually all educational 
institutions. 
It is correct only what is stated on: 
 
Resposta Selecionada: e. 
I, II, III, IV. 
Respostas: a. 
I. 
 
b. 
I, II. 
 
c. 
I, III, IV. 
 
d. 
I, III, V. 
 
e. 
I, II, III, IV. 
Feedback 
da 
resposta: 
Resposta: E 
Comentário: Apesar de a participação ativa do aprendiz no 
processo de aprendizagem ser altamente positiva, ainda é 
possível observar que certas instituições se baseiam 
predominantemente em aulas expositivas ou em abordagens 
tradicionais, como o ensino embasado em regras 
gramaticais e em tradução de textos. Isso pode estar 
relacionado à formação do professor, que assume o papel 
de controlar a turma todo o tempo. 
 
 
 Pergunta 2 
1 em 1 pontos 
 
 
Read the following text, by Henry David Thoreau, an important 
name of Romanticism in the USA: 
Slavery in Massachusetts – 1850 
 
Henry David Thoreau 
 
 (...) I scent no compromise in the fragrance of the water-lily. It is not a 
Nymphaea Douglasii. In it, the sweet, and pure, and innocent are wholly 
sundered from the obscene and baleful. I do not scent in this the time-
serving irresolution of a Massachusetts Governor, nor of a Boston 
Mayor. So behave that the odor of your actions may enhance the 
general sweetness of the atmosphere, that when we behold or scent a 
flower, we may not be reminded how inconsistent your deeds are with it; 
for all odor is but one form of advertisement of a moral quality, and if fair 
actions had not been performed, the lily would not smell sweet. The foul 
slime stands for the sloth and vice of man, the decay of humanity; the 
fragrant flower that springs from it, for the purity and courage which are 
immortal. 
 Slavery and servility have produced no sweet-scented flower annually, 
to charm the senses of men, for they have no real life: they are merely a 
decaying and a death, offensive to all healthy nostrils. We do not 
complain that they live, but that they do not get buried. Let the living 
bury them: even they are good for manure. 
 
(Disponível 
em: http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Slavery_Massachusetts.html. Acesso em: 
17 jan. 2020.) 
Reading the text above and considering the period to which it 
refers, we can realize some of Henry David Thoreau’s features, 
such as: 
I - Thoreau didn't like slavery. 
II - Thoreau didn't like the horrible, evil Law that had been passed by 
Congress in 1850, which mandated that captured slaves who had 
escaped to the north be returned to their masters. 
III - Thoreau's anti-slavery views reflect the American Romantics' 
preoccupation with democracy and freedom. 
IV - Thoreau, like a number of his buddies, believed that we should all 
be free, regardless of our skin color. 
It is correct what is stated on: 
Resposta Selecionada: a. 
I, II, III, IV. 
Respostas: a. 
I, II, III, IV. 
 
b. 
I, only. 
 
c. 
I, III, only. 
 
d. 
III, IV, only. 
 
e. 
II, III. 
 
Feedback 
da 
resposta: 
Resposta: A 
Comentário: Todas as afirmações sobre as características 
de Henry David Thoreau estão corretas: I – Thoreau não 
gostava da escravidão; II – Thoreau detestava a lei do 
Congresso, que mandava os escravos capturados 
retornarem a seus senhores; III – As visões 
antiescravocratas de Thoreau refletem a preocupação dos 
Românticos americanos com relação à democracia e à 
liberdade; IV – Thoreau, assim como muitos de seus 
camaradas, acreditava que nós todos deveríamos ser livres, 
independentemente da cor da pele. 
 
 Pergunta 3 
1 em 1 pontos 
 
 
Read the statements below: 
I - Language change and variation is a central issue in the field of 
linguistic studies, as the versatile and flexible nature of languages 
cannot be ignored. 
II - Diachronic variation refers to the variation of a language over time. 
As a matter of fact, languages are analogous to species, so they are not 
fixed entities but they evolve through time, as well as alive creatures do. 
III - Diatopic variation refers to linguistic variation on a geographical 
level. A clear example of this kind of variation is the existence of 
different dialects of the same language (spoken in different areas). 
IV - Diastratic variation is the variation of a language according to the 
social class or the group the speaker belongs to. The speech of an old, 
non-educated woman, for example, will be different from the speech of 
a young, educated boy. 
V - Diaphasic variation refers to the stylistic variation of a language, that 
is, its variation according to the situation. So, this dimension deals with 
the different degrees of formality of a language. 
It is correct what is stated on: 
 
Resposta Selecionada: a. 
I, II, III, IV, V. 
Respostas: a. 
I, II, III, IV, V. 
 
b. 
II, III, only. 
 
c. 
I, III, IV, only. 
 
d. 
III, IV, only. 
 
e. 
I, III, V, only. 
Feedback 
da 
resposta: 
Resposta: A 
Comentário: Todas as afirmações sobre variantes 
 
linguísticas estão corretas. I- A mudança e variação de 
linguagem é uma questão central no campo dos estudos 
linguísticos, pois a natureza versátil e flexível das línguas 
não pode ser ignorada; II- A variação diacrônica refere-se à 
variação de um idioma ao longo do tempo. De fato, as 
línguas são análogas às espécies, portanto, não são 
entidades fixas, mas evoluem com o tempo, assim como as 
criaturas vivas; III- A variação diatópica refere-se à variação 
linguística em nível geográfico. Um exemplo claro desse tipo 
de variação é a existência de diferentes dialetos do mesmo 
idioma (falados em diferentes áreas); IV- Variação 
diastrática é a variação de um idioma de acordo com a 
classe social ou grupo ao qual o falante pertence. O 
discurso de uma mulher idosa com pouca instrução, por 
exemplo, será diferente do discurso de um menino jovem e 
instruído; V- A variação diafásica refere-se à variação 
estilística de uma língua, que é sua variação de acordo com 
a situação. Então, essa dimensão lida com os diferentes 
graus de formalidade de uma língua. 
 
 Pergunta 4 
1 em 1 pontos 
 
 
 Read the following text: 
Countries around the world have closed their borders to arrivals 
from China, as officials work to control the rapid spread of the 
coronavirus. 
 
 The US and Australia said they would deny entry to all foreign visitors 
who had recently been in China, where the virus first emerged in 
December. 
 Earlier, countries including Russia, Japan, Pakistan and Italy 
announced similar travel restrictions. But global health officials have 
advised against such measures. 
 "Travel restrictions can cause more harm than good by hindering info-
sharing, medical supply chains and harming economies", the head of 
the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Friday. 
 The WHO recommends introducing screening at official border 
crossings. It has warned that closing borders could accelerate the 
spread of the virus, with travellers entering countries unofficially. 
 China has criticised the wave of travel restrictions, accusing foreign 
governments of ignoring official advice. "Just as the WHO 
recommended against travel restrictions, the USrushed in the opposite 
direction", foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said. "[It is] 
certainly not a gesture of goodwill." 
 
What is the latest? 
 The death toll from the new virus, which is officially called 2019-nCov, 
now stands at 259. All the deaths occurred within China and the 
majority were in Hubei province, where the virus originated. Almost 
 
12,000 cases have been confirmed and a small proportion of those – 
around 100 – have been identified outside China. The UK, US, Russia 
and Germany have all confirmed cases in recent days. 
 Meanwhile authorities in Hubei extended the Lunar New Year holiday 
until 13 February and announced marriage registrations would be 
suspended to discourage public gatherings. 
 China started celebrating the holiday on 24 January, and Chinese 
officials had already extended the break in an attempt to postpone travel 
by large numbers of people as they return to work. 
 Hospital workers in Hong Kong have voted to go on strike from Monday 
unless the territory's border with mainland China is completely closed. 
The Hong Kong government has refused to do so citing WHO 
recommendations. 
 The number of coronavirus cases worldwide has overtaken that of the 
similar Sars epidemic, which spread to more than two dozen countries 
in 2003. 
 But the mortality rate of the new virus is much lower than that of Sars, 
which has led officials to believe it is not as deadly. (...) 
 
(Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51338899. Acesso em: 01 fev. 
2020.) 
 
Using the skimming reading strategy, some words presented in the 
text help us understand its main subject, such as: 
Resposta 
Selecionada: 
a. 
“Coronavirus”, “global health officials”, “WHO”, 
“confirmed cases”, “mortality rate”. 
Respostas: a. 
“Coronavirus”, “global health officials”, “WHO”, 
“confirmed cases”, “mortality rate”. 
 
b. 
“Discourage”, “countries”, “registrations”, “worldwide”, 
“travel restrictions”. 
 
c. 
“Deadly”, “territory’s border”, “mainland”, “break”, 
“number of people”. 
 
d. 
“Russia”, “Japan”, “Pakistan”, “Italy”, “China”, “Hong 
Kong”. 
 
e. 
“Gesture”, “goodwill”, “government”, 
“recommendations”, “border crossings”. 
Feedback 
da 
resposta: 
Resposta: A 
Comentário: As palavras da alternativa A nos dão ideia 
sobre o assunto tratado no texto, que está relacionado à 
área da saúde: “ coronavirus”, “ global health officials”, 
“ WHO”, “ confirmed cases”, “ mortality rate”, 
 
respectivamente, “coronavírus”, “funcionários da área da 
saúde”, “OMS”, “casos confirmados”, “taxa de mortalidade”. 
 
 Pergunta 5 
0 em 1 pontos 
 
 
Textual genres have an important social function when it comes to 
communication. Although they are many, they have particularities that allow us 
to identify them. 
 
Read the following excerpt from a text and identify which genre it belongs to: 
 
 
 
Resposta Selecionada: c. 
News. 
Respostas: a. 
Abstract. 
 
b. 
Notice. 
 
c. 
News. 
 
d. 
Contract. 
 
e. 
Curriculum. 
 
 
 Pergunta 6 
1 em 1 pontos 
 
 
About language teaching and its different methods: 
I - Language teaching has gone through different methods, approaches, 
techniques and procedures over the years. 
II - Methodological diversity is directly linked to certain socio-historical 
models, i.e., depending on the historical period, different practices are 
used for language teaching. 
III - Early records of the process of language teaching and learning 
show the use of orality in a mechanical process of listening, speaking, 
and imitating, which marks, for example, how the conquerors of other 
times imposed their language on the dominated or they learned their 
languages, always asymmetrically. 
IV - The best known methods and approaches to second language 
acquisition are Grammar and Translation, Direct Method, Audiolingual 
Method, Situational Method and Communicative Approach. 
V - The oldest and most traditional method of teaching foreign 
languages is "Grammar and Translation", which predominated in 
Europe until the 19 th 
century, based on the tradition of teaching Greek and Latin. 
It is correct what is stated on: 
 
Resposta Selecionada: e. 
I, II, III, IV, V. 
Respostas: a. 
I, II, only. 
 
b. 
I, II, III, only. 
 
c. 
I, III, only. 
 
d. 
I, II, III, IV, only. 
 
e. 
I, II, III, IV, V. 
Feedback da 
resposta: 
Resposta: E 
Comentário: Todas as afirmações a respeito dos métodos e abordagens 
para aquisição de uma segunda língua estão corretas. 
 
 
 Pergunta 7 
0 em 1 pontos 
 
 
Language borrowing can be conceptualized as the influence that 
certain languages have on others, a resource that integrates one 
language into another through intercultural relations. That is, 
languages “borrow” each other's words to meet more urgent 
language needs, either expressing an idea for which there is no 
proper term in the language, or because the use of a term in their 
original language is more appropriate for them for some reason. 
Based on this concept, consider the following statements: 
I - French has influenced the coining of English words, and in the 
domain of business, we have some French-sounding words, with the 
ending “– iser”, such as “franchiser” or “ merchandiser”; and others such 
as “ entrepreneur”, which comes from the French word “ entreprendre” 
and means “ to undertake”. 
II - Many loanwords which are thought to be imported from French come 
from Latin. 
III - Many words which we use nowadays are of Spanish origin, such as: 
“ alligator”; “ avocado”; 
“ canoe”; “ chocolate”; “ cigar”, “ cockroach”; “ domino”; “ mosquito”; 
“ potato”; “ sombrero”; “ tobacco”; “ tornado”; “ tortilla”; “ vanilla”. 
It is correct what is stated on: 
 
Resposta Selecionada: a. 
I, II, only. 
Respostas: a. 
I, II, only. 
 
b. 
I, II, III. 
 
c. 
I, III, only. 
 
 
d. 
II, III, only. 
 
e. 
III, only. 
 
 Pergunta 8 
1 em 1 pontos 
 
 
 Take into consideration the following situation: 
Lauren is a caricature of a Chav, and her speech reflects her 
belonging to this particular social group. As a matter of fact, her 
slang shows many peculiar features, such as: 
I ain’t even bovvered. 
I don’t fink you are though. 
A’ least we go’ a new teacher today. 
Innit though (invariant tag, derived from a contraction of isn’t it). 
 
The linguistic variation shown in the example is related to: 
 
Resposta Selecionada: a. 
Diastratic variation. 
Respostas: a. 
Diastratic variation. 
 
b. 
Diachronic variation. 
 
c. 
Diaphasic variation. 
 
d. 
Diatopic variation. 
 
e. 
Diamesic variation. 
Feedback 
da 
resposta: 
Resposta: A 
 Comentário: O exemplo se refere à variação diastrática, 
pois em: “ I ain’t 
even bovvered”, temos o uso da forma “ I ain’t”, em vez de 
“ I’m not”; e “ bovvered” (“th-fronting” no lugar de 
“ bothered”). Em “ I don’t fink you are though”, temos “th-
fronting” em “ think”. Em “ A’ least we go’ a new teacher 
today”, temos “glottal stops” em A(t) and go(t). Em “ Innit 
though”, temos a “invariant tag”, derivada da contração de 
“ isn’t it”. Todos eles, portanto, estão relacionados com a 
maneira particular de cada pessoa falar, no que tange ao 
grau de instrução ou uso de gírias. 
 
 
 Pergunta 9 
1 em 1 pontos 
 
 
Consider the following comparative table: 
 
 
Considering the concept of linguistic variation, which is inherent in 
languages, we can say that the information above between these 
“Englishes” is an example of: 
I - Synchronic variation. 
II - Diachronic variation. 
III - Diatopic variation. 
IV - Diastratic variation. 
V - Diaphasic variation. 
It is correct only what is stated on: 
Resposta Selecionada: d. 
I, III. 
Respostas: a. 
I. 
 
b. 
I, II. 
 
c. 
III. 
 
d. 
I, III. 
 
e. 
IV, V. 
Feedback 
da 
resposta: 
Resposta: D 
Comentário: O quadro apresenta variações da língua 
inglesa, em relação à região em que a língua é falada. No 
caso,é um comparativo entre o léxico do inglês falado na 
Austrália e o das variantes-padrão (britânica e americana), 
tratando-se, portanto, de variação sincrônica e diatópica. 
 
 
 Pergunta 10 
1 em 1 pontos 
 
 
Observe the following situation of acquisition of a foreign 
language: 
 
Teacher: I bought a sandwich. 
Student: I bought sandwiches. 
 
Teacher: My pen is on the table. 
Student: My pen is on the table. 
 
Teacher: …under the chair. 
Student: My pen is under the chair. 
 
Teacher: …in my pencil case. 
Student: My pen is in my pencil case. 
This typical drill is related to the: 
 
Resposta Selecionada: e. 
Audiolingual Method. 
Respostas: a. 
Grammar-Translation Method. 
 
b. 
Direct Method. 
 
c. 
Communicative Approach. 
 
d. 
Grammar Method. 
 
e. 
Audiolingual Method. 
Feedback 
da 
resposta: 
Resposta: E 
Comentário: Treinamento, treinamento e mais treinamento, 
ou “drill” como é chamado, o exemplo de lição apresentado, 
para aquisição de uma língua estrangeira, está relacionado 
ao Método Audiolingual, que provavelmente se iniciaria com 
recortes de um diálogo que deveria ser memorizado e 
repetido, e ser seguido por treinos desenvolvidos para 
reforçar as estruturas novas, com repetição direta, 
substituição ou imitação.