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nutrition, and alternative therapies. It's time we get serious about antibiotics. Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 4- Whenever we talk about text types, we will refer to: a - narrative texts- describe real or imaginary happenings which , to a certain extent, are linked to each other. "The barber was cutting our hair, and our eyes were closed--as they are so likely to be. . . . Deep in a world of our own, he heard, from far away, a voice saying goodbye. It was a customer of the shop, leaving. 'Goodbye,' he said to the barbers. 'Goodbye,' echoed the barbers. And without ever returning to consciousness, or opening our eyes, or thinking, we joined in. 'Goodbye,' we said, before we could Catch ourselves. Then, all at once, the sadness of the occasion struck us, the awful dolor of bidding farewell to someone we had never seen. We have since wondered what he looked like, and whether it was really goodbye." (E.B. White, "Sadness of Parting." The New Yorker, May 4, 1935) Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA b- argumentative texts- texts which develop themselves by means of logical resources World Hunger Essay No wonder that so many people nowadays live beyond the borderline to poverty and do not have basic needs in order to survive. Global stratification has put these counties in the lowest division and has called them \u201cThird World countries\u201d or if to speak in financial terms \u201clow-income nations\u201d. Second World nations are nations with moderate development patterns. The major condition in order to belong to the First World is wealth. Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA c- descriptive texts- description of reality or fiction which they are based on As the morning slowly dawns and the sun begins to beam through the light boxes on the top of the spacious classrooms, the tables and chairs begin to glow. Around the edge of the child\u2019s playground the golden and red leaves begin to whistle in the wind like the sound of a child\u2019s toy, whilst the sound of the crying babies echoes through the grounds of Birds Bush Primary School as if it were a stuck record. When the children have arrived and the playground has began to fill with fragile, pleasant little children ready for new day of fun learning.... Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA d- expository texts- texts used to give information about something Love! Not For Everyone Poets and philosophers for centuries have been trying to answer the question, what is love? Love has an infinite number of definitions, which vary from one person to another. Love cannot be measured by any physical means. One may never know what true love is until love it- self has been experienced. What is love? A four letter word that causes a person to behave in a way that is out of character. What is love? A first kiss, childhood crushes on a teacher or friend\u2019s mom. What is love? A choice that people make by putting their partner\u2019s wishes, desires and needs above everything else. What is love? The act of forgiveness, the infatuation with someone, the communication between two people. What is love? A friendship that turned into a lifelong commitment, that special Someone who has vowed to spend the rest of their lives to honor and protect, to love each other \u201ctill death do you part.\u201d When in love nothing else in the world matters Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA e- injunctive texts- express an order given by the author to the reader Instructions 1 - Understand that senior citizens often learn differently than younger students, and require more individualized attention. Try to anticipate questions because many seniors might be too nervous to ask them. 2- Show seniors respect and patience. Many seniors believe they cannot learn new things at their age, and view the computer as intimidating. By encouraging them and talking to them about their fears, you can help them to understand that they can learn this new technology. Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 5- What is text processing? It is very necessary to consider the following models when we want to discuss text processing: 1- A bottom-up reading model is a reading model that \u2022 emphasizes the written or printed text \u2022 points out that reading is driven by a process that results in meaning (or, in other words, reading is driven by text), and proceeds from part to whole. Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Here are some characteristics of a bottom-up approach to reading: Bottom-up models indicate that the reader needs to identify letter features link these features to recognize letters combine letters to recognize spelling patterns link spelling patterns to recognize words, and then proceed to sentence, paragraph and text-level processing. Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 2- Top-down reading models suggest that processing of a text begins in the mind of the readers with meaning-driven processes, or an assumption about the meaning of a text. From this perspective, readers identify letters and words only to confirm their assumptions about the meaning of the text. Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA The proponents generally agree that comprehension is the basis for decoding skills, not a singular result, and meaning is brought to print, not derived from print. Definition A top-down reading model is a reading model that \u2022 emphasizes what the reader brings to the text \u2022 points out reading is driven by meaning, and proceeds from whole to part. Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA An interactive model An interactive reading model is able to combine the valid insights of bottom-up and top-down models. It takes into account the strong points of the bottom-up and top-down models, and tries to avoid the criticisms posed against each, making it one of the most promising approaches to the theory of reading today. Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 5- The behavior of an efficient reader We think that an efficient reader should use a think-aloud procedure to identify relations between certain types of reading strategies and successful or unsuccessful second language reading. The successful reader, for example, keeps the meaning of the passage in mind while reading, read in broad phrases, skips inconsequential or less important words, and has a positive self-concept as a reader. The unsuccessful reader on the other hand, loses the meaning of the sentences when decoded, read in short phrases, ponders over inconsequential words, seldom skips words as unimportant, and has a negative self-concept Tema da Apresentação READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER \u2013 AULA1 LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA We can conclude that less effective readers often have misconceptions about the reading process, fail to monitor their comprehension, underutilize