Aula_02

nutrition, and alternative therapies. It's time we get serious about antibiotics.
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
4- Whenever we talk about text types, we will refer to:
a - narrative texts- describe real or imaginary happenings which ,
to a certain extent, are linked to each other.
"The barber was cutting our hair, and our eyes were closed--as they
are so likely to be. . . . Deep in a world of our own, he heard, from
far away, a voice saying goodbye. It was a customer of the shop,
leaving. 'Goodbye,' he said to the barbers. 'Goodbye,' echoed the
barbers. And without ever returning to consciousness, or opening our
eyes, or thinking, we joined in. 'Goodbye,' we said, before we could
Catch ourselves. Then, all at once, the sadness of the occasion struck
us, the awful dolor of bidding farewell to someone we had never
seen. We have since wondered what he looked like, and whether it
was really goodbye." 
(E.B. White, "Sadness of Parting." The New Yorker, May 4, 1935)
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
b- argumentative texts- texts which develop themselves by means of logical resources
World Hunger Essay
No wonder that so many people nowadays live beyond the borderline
to poverty and do not have basic needs in order to survive. Global
stratification has put these counties in the lowest division and has
called them “Third World countries” or if to speak in financial terms
“low-income nations”. Second World nations are nations with
moderate development patterns. The major condition in order to
belong to the First World is wealth. 
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
c- descriptive texts- description of reality or fiction which they are
based on 
	As the morning slowly dawns and the sun begins to beam through the light boxes on the top of the spacious classrooms, the tables and chairs begin to glow. Around the edge of the child’s playground the golden and red leaves begin to whistle in the wind like the sound of a child’s toy, whilst the sound of the crying babies echoes through the grounds of Birds Bush Primary School as if it were a stuck record. When the children have arrived and the playground has began to fill with fragile, pleasant little children ready for new day of fun learning....   
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
d- expository texts- texts used to give information about something
Love! Not For Everyone Poets and philosophers for centuries have
been trying to answer the question, what is love? Love has an infinite
number of definitions, which vary from one person to another. Love
cannot be measured by any physical means. One may never know
what true love is until love it- self has been experienced. What is
love? A four letter word that causes a person to behave in a way that
is out of character. What is love? A first kiss, childhood crushes on a
teacher or friend’s mom. What is love? A choice that people make by
putting their partner’s wishes, desires and needs above everything
else. What is love? The act of forgiveness, the infatuation with
someone, the communication between two people. What is love? A
friendship that turned into a lifelong commitment, that special
Someone who has vowed to spend the rest of their lives to honor and
protect, to love each other “till death do you part.” When in love
nothing else in the world matters
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
e- injunctive texts- express an order given by the author to the
reader 
 Instructions
1 - Understand that senior citizens often learn differently than
younger students, and require more individualized attention. Try to
anticipate questions because many seniors might be too nervous to
ask them.
2- Show seniors respect and patience. Many seniors believe they
cannot learn new things at their age, and view the computer as
intimidating. By encouraging them and talking to them about their
fears, you can help them to understand that they can learn this new
technology.
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
5- What is text processing?
It is very necessary to consider the following
models when we want to discuss text
processing:
1- A bottom-up reading model is a reading model that
• emphasizes the written or printed text
• points out that reading is driven by a process that results in meaning
(or, in other words, reading is driven by text), and proceeds from
part to whole.
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Here are some characteristics of a bottom-up approach to reading:
Bottom-up models indicate that the reader needs to
identify letter features
link these features to recognize letters
combine letters to recognize spelling patterns
link spelling patterns to recognize words, and then proceed to sentence, paragraph and text-level processing.
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
	2- Top-down reading models suggest that processing of a text begins in the mind of the readers with
meaning-driven processes, or an assumption about the meaning of a text.
From this perspective, readers identify letters and words only to 
confirm their assumptions about the meaning of the text. 
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
	The proponents generally agree that comprehension is the basis for decoding skills, not a singular result, and meaning is brought to print, not derived from print.
	Definition
	A top-down reading model is a reading model that
	• emphasizes what the reader brings to the text
	• points out reading is driven by meaning, and proceeds from whole to part.
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
	An interactive model
	An interactive reading model is able to combine the valid insights of bottom-up and top-down models. It takes into account the strong points of the bottom-up and top-down models, and tries to avoid the criticisms posed against each, making it one of the most promising approaches to the theory of reading today. 
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
	5- The behavior of an efficient reader
	We think that an efficient reader should use a think-aloud procedure to identify relations between certain types of reading strategies and successful or unsuccessful second language reading. The successful reader, for example, keeps the meaning of the passage in mind while reading, read in broad phrases, skips inconsequential or less important words, and has a positive self-concept as a reader. The unsuccessful reader on the other hand, loses the meaning of the sentences when decoded, read in short phrases, ponders over inconsequential words, seldom skips words as unimportant, and has a negative self-concept
Tema da Apresentação
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
 	We can conclude that less effective readers often have misconceptions about the reading process, fail to monitor their comprehension, underutilize