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LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Aspects of formality and informality in writing
Tema da Apresentação
ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
how to write letters and e-mails using formal and informal language
the most common expressions employed in different letters and e-mails
the degrees of formality and informality in writing
Tema da Apresentação
ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
In this lesson, we will write letters and e-mails using informal and formal language. We will also present suggested expressions employed in different letters and e-mails.
Of course writing is not just either formal or informal; there are different levels of formality and informality.
Think about how you would talk to different people if you were discussing about last night´s football game, for example:
When you talk to a close friend:
“How good was that game mate? Bloody terrific, hey?
Tema da Apresentação
ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
When you talk to someone you know but are not close too, such a parent of a friend:
“ I heard that Flamengo had an awesome win last night”
When you talk to a stranger in a lift:
“Did you by any chance see the Flamengo game last night?”
As you move away from people you know closely, you get more and more formal in your speech. The same goes for writing for an audience- pick the appropriate level of formality or informality for the situation. And remember, what one person thinks is a slightly formal piece of writing, another may think s highly informal.
Tema da Apresentação
ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Watch the vídeo “Pé na Rua- Cartas ou e-mails,hein?. Then answer the following question?
Do you still send letters?
Yes
No
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
This is an example of the structuring of an informal letter. Look at the informal letter and choose the most suitable option.
      2nd May
Dear John(,)   
Thanks for your last letter and the nice photos………… Sorry, but I have to finish. Hope to hear from you again. 
Take care, 
 Peter 
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
- the date: top right hand corner (day/month-BE - or month/day-AE) - comma after name not necessary, but begin after that with a CAPITAL letter - ending: Take care, Cheers, Yours, Love, then a comma and your name 
Tema da Apresentação
ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
1- Which of the endings is not proper for an informal letter:
A- Cheers
B- Faithfully
C- Love
2- Which sentence is likely to be found in the letter above:
A- You had a great time, mate!
B- I could notice that you enjoyed yourself!
C- It was a pleasure to read about your nice holidays!
Tema da Apresentação
ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
3- Which of the greetings suits an informal letter?
A- Sirs
b- Dear Rachel
C- Madam
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Formal and informal writing
In this class, it is very important to understand the differences between formal and informal language in writing.
 A scale from informal to formal language
		
Informality or attempts to mirror the spoken language is most obvious in the encoded informality of sms messages or emails which use many spoken language forms and where rules of grammar and capitalisation are often ignored.   
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
These informal aspects occur when we are using the technology to communicate fast. At the other end of this scale of informality – formality are the pieces of “polished” written work which may go into a student portfolio for evaluation, for example. 
              
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
SMS
cu at 2nite,
H & k p 
EMAIL
Luv to see you next week but I can´t
Make Thursday, what about fri or 
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
CHAT     
Tom, why are you looking so pessimistic about this issue??? The more you know the more it hurts... in my opinion the more you know the better...You don’t tell “secrets” that friends have told you to others, NO MATTER WHAT
FORUM DISCUSSIONS
I thought it was very interesting that you brougt this up Veronica, because I must admit that I got so caught up in the story, that thinking of its possibilities in class never crossed my mind.
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
“PUBLISHED” TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
During a lifetime we meet hundreds, if not thousands of people that will have some effect on us. We might see some of these people only on the street for a second or two, while others become true friends. Still, there are some people in our lives that have been a big part of us forever, and most people are lucky to have them in their lives for a very long time.
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Questions of Genre and Appropriacy
We have so far discussed text genres in terms of degrees of formality and informality. We also need to be aware of appropriacy within this same scale. Native speakers of a language will more easily and automatically adjust language to suit degrees of formality, but non-native speakers need not only to learn new vocabulary, but also be given guidance on the appropriate use of new words. We had an example of a lower secondary pupil who innocently wrote to his class contact in Australia, “When I 
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
woke up this morning, I felt like shit”. This caused an angry response from the class teacher in Australia and nearly torpedoed a whole emailing project.
We also need to be sensitive to others’ reactions to our use of language, especially in giving response, for example in a forum discussion or email exchange. The lack of the visual signals which are a natural part of a face to face exchange makes this particularly important, since comments which are intended to be brief may be interpreted as brusque or hurtful. For example in a face to face discussion we might say something like “Yes, but what about……?” In a  written response situation this may need to be wrapped up in the form of “ This is a very good idea, but have you also considered….”
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
	3519FrontStreet Mount Celebres, CA 65286
October 5, 2004
Ms. Betty Johnson Accounts Payable The Cooking Store 765 Berliner Plaza Industrial Point, CA 68534
Dear Ms. Johnson:
It has come to my attention that your company, The Cooking Store has been late with paying their invoices for the past three months.In order to encourage our customers to pay for their invoices before the due date, we have implemented a discount model where we'll give you 2% off your invoice if you pay us within 10 days of receiving the invoice.I hope that everything is going well for you and your company. You are one of our biggest customers, and we appreciate your business. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me at (555) 555-5555.  Sincerely,SignatureBob Powers Accounts Receivable 
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
How to Write a Letter
The art of writing a letter takes practice, knowledge
about proper form and the ability to put into words your feelings, thoughts, and/or ideas. If you learn the basic parts of a letter, it will help you to create letters for a variety of occasions.
Parts of the Letter:
Your address At the top of your letter, you will put your address, so the reader will know where to send their reply to.
Seu endereço
Na parte de cima da carta, coloque seu endereço.
Date Put the date on which the letter was written in the format Month Day Year i.e. June, 8, 2010.
Data
Coloque a data neste formato: Mês,dia,ano.
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Inside Address The inside address is only required for a business letter and will include the address of the person you are writing to along with the name of the recipient, their title and company name. If you are not sure who the letter should be addressed to either leave it blank or try to put in a title, i.e. "Director of Human Resources".
O endereço de quem recebe a carta
O endereço de quem recebe a carta junto com o nome, seu título e o nome da firma, só é necessário em cartas comerciais. Se você não souber o nome da pessoa que vai ler a carta, mande apenas um título geral “Diretor dos Recursos Humanos” ou não escreva nada
The Greeting The greeting will address the individual that the letter is being sent to. This is usually completed in the form of "Dear Clara" or "Hey Sofia", for less formal letters.
A saudação
A saudação será enviada à pessoa que vai receber a carta. Se for informal ‘Dear Anne’, ‘Hey Anne’
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
The Introductory Paragraph The first paragraph will generally outline the purpose for the letter and the reason that the letter is being sent. This can address any issues that are outstanding and is used to set the tone for the entire rest of the letter. .
Parágrafo introdutório
O primeiro parágrafo geralmente faz um resumo do propósito e da razão pela qual a carta está sendo enviada. No primeiro parágrafo se estabelece o tom do resto da carta.
The Body The body of the letter will expand upon the introductory paragraph and the individual can extend their thoughts and feelings further when it comes to the letter. The body of the letter can be anywhere from multiple pages for personal letters, to one page or two pages for most business letters and other types of proposals.
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
O corpo da carta
È a expansão dos pensamentos expostos no parágrafo introdutório. O corpo pode ter várias páginas se for uma carta pessoal ou uma ou duas páginas se for cartas comerciais ou cartas com propostas.
The Closing In the closing of the letter, the individual will close the letter and finish any thoughts that have been mentioned. The closing of the letter comes in various forms from yours truly, for those individuals that are familiar with one another, to a traditional sincerely which is a versatile closing that can be used in a variety of letters detailing many situations.
O fechamento
No fechamento, deve-se concluir o que foi escrito no corpo.Pode ser Yours truly, para quem se conhece ou Sincerely para situações mais gerais.
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
The Presentation of the Letter The presentation of the letter can be hand-written for less formal letters that are addressed to friends and family members, especially thank-you letters. In the case that you have illegible handwriting, you may want to consider typing the letter in these cases, although proper etiquette dictates against this type of behavior
Tradução
Cartas podem ser manuscritas para situações menos formais, especialmente cartas de agradecimento.A letra deve ser compreensível.
 Formal letters which are written on behalf of businesses to or professional contacts should remain typewritten and grammatical and spelling error free. These types of letters should be legible and professional and therefore typing the letter is one of the most effective ways to ensure that the letter demonstrates a professional appearance through the entire course of the letter, thereby creating a positive impression on the recipient of the letter.
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ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITING 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Tradução:
Cartas formais são escritas para contatos comerciais e profissionais e devem ser revisadas para que não contenham erros. Estas cartas devem ser digitadas e o tom deve ser profissional em toda a carta, criando assim uma imagem positiva em quem a recebe.
As well as outward presentation, it is important to determine the tone which will be written in the letter, including a professional tone or a tone that will be taken with friends or family members in a more informal setting. Read through the letter once it has been completed to ensure that the tone remains the same. The tone can be adjusted based on the language which is used through the letter, as well as the greetings (familiar as opposed to formal).
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