Modal verbs

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INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
2 
SUMÁRIO 
 
MODAL VERBS -VERBOS “ MODALS” ____________________________________________ 3 
CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS MODALS _______________________________________________ 3 
EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE _____________________________________________________ 16 
TEXT COMPREHENSION ______________________________________________________ 23 
GABARITO _________________________________________________________________ 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
3 
MODAL VERBS -VERBOS “ MODALS” 
CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS MODALS: 
A forma infinitiva não tem to e esse tipo de verbo é sempre seguido de infinitivo sem to. 
Ex: 
 Mariane can speak Portuguese. 
 We should take a lap top with us. 
Não são acrescidos de _s na 3ª pessoa do singular. 
Ex: 
 I’m sure Paul can do this for you. 
 He must be there at 7 am. 
O conjunto de formas não é diferente de outros verbos. 
Ex: 
can (infinitivo) — could (passado) — will be able to ( futuro ) 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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Funcionam como auxiliares comuns, tanto na forma afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa. 
Na forma interrogativa eles se colocam na frente do sujeito e na negativa basta acrescentar o “not” depois 
do verbo. 
AFIRMATIVA: They should wake up earlier. 
NEGATIVA: They should not ( shouldn’t ) wake up earlier. 
INTERROGATIVA: Should they wake up earlier? 
INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA: Shouldn’t they wake up earlier ? (= Should they not wake up earlier?) 
CAN 
general ability- habilidade/capacidade 
I can speak Chinese 
I could speak Chinese when I was a kid. 
I will be able to speak Chinese by the time I finish my course. 
CAN 
ability during a specific event- habilidade durante um acontecimento específico 
With a burst of adrenaline, people can pick up cars. 
With a sudden burst of adrenaline, he was able to lift the car off the child's leg. 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
5 
With a sudden burst of adrenaline, he will be able to lift the car. 
CAN 
opportunity- oportunidade 
I have some free time. I can help her now. 
I had some free time yesterday. I was able to help her at that time. 
I'll have some free time tomorrow. I can help her then. 
CAN 
permission- permissão 
I can drive Susan's car when she is out of town. 
I was allowed to drive Susan's car while she was out of town last week. 
I can drive Susan's car while she is out of town next week. 
CAN 
request- pedido 
Can I have a glass of water? 
Can you give me a lift to school? 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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(Requests usually refer to the near future.) 
CAN 
possibility / impossibility- possibilidade/ impossibilidade 
Anyone can become rich and famous if they know the right people. 
Learning a language can be a real challenge. 
(This use is usually a generalization or an supposition.) 
It can't cost more than a dollar or two. 
You can't be 45! I thought you were about 18 years old. 
(This use is usually a generalization or an supposition.) 
COULD 
possibility- possibilidade 
John could be the one who stole the money. 
John could have been the one who stole the money. 
John could be charged with the crime when the police finish the investigation. 
Mary couldn't be the one who stole the money. 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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COULD 
conditional(can, could)- condicional 
If I had more time, I could travel around the world. 
If I had had more time, I could have traveled around the world. 
If I had more time this winter, I could travel around the world. 
Even if I had more time, I couldn't travel around the world. 
Even if I had had more time, I couldn't have traveled around the world. 
Even if I had more time this winter, I could travel around 
COULD 
suggestion- sugestão/conselho 
You could study more. 
You could have spent your vacation in Hawaii. 
You could spend your vacation in Hawaii. 
 
 
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Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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COULD 
past ability- habilidade no passado 
I could run ten miles in my twenties. 
I could speak Chinese when I was a kid. 
I couldn't run more than a mile in my twenties. 
I couldn't speak Japanese. 
COULD 
polite request- pedido educado 
Could I have something to drink? 
Could borrow your stapler? 
(Requests usually refer to the near future.) 
Couldn't he come with us? 
Couldn't you help me with this for just a second? 
(Requests usually refer to the near future.) 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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MAY 
possibility- possibilidade 
Jack may be upset. I can't really tell if he is annoyed or tired. 
Jack may have been upset. I couldn't really tell if he was annoyed or tired. 
Jack may not get upset, even if you tell him the truth 
MAY 
permission- permissão 
You may leave the table now that you're finished with your dinner. 
You were allowed to leave the table after you finished your dinner. 
You may leave the table when you finish your dinner 
You may not leave the table until you are finished with your dinner. 
MIGHT 
possibility- possibilidade 
She might be on the bus. I think her car is having problems. 
She might have taken the bus. I'm not sure how she got to work. 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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She might take the bus to get home. I don't think Bill will be able to give her a ride. 
She might not take the bus. She might get a ride from Bill. 
MIGHT 
conditional (may, might) condicional 
If I entered the contest, I might actually win. 
If I had entered the contest, I might actually have won. 
If I entered the contest tomorrow, I might actually win. Unfortunately, I can't enter it. 
Even if I entered the contest tomorrow, I might not win 
MUST 
certainty- certeza 
That must be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair. 
That must have been the right restaurant. There are no other restaurants on this street. 
That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair. 
That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there is another one around here somewhere.INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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MUST 
(not) prohibition- proibição 
You must not swim in that river. It's full of crocodiles. 
You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics. 
(A proibição geralmente está ligada a um futuro próximo.) 
MUST 
strong recommendation- forte recomendação 
You must take some time off and get some rest. 
You should have taken some time off last week to get some rest. 
You should take some time off next week to get some rest. 
You mustn't drink so much. It's not good for your health. 
You shouldn't have drunk so much. That caused the accident. 
You shouldn't drink at the party. You are going to be the designated driver. 
 
 
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Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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MUST 
necessity 
You must have a permit to enter the national park. 
We had to have a permit to enter the park. 
We must get a permit to enter the park next week. 
We don't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 
We didn't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 
We won't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 
SHOULD 
recommendation advisability- recomendação/conselho 
People with high cholesterol should eat low fat foods. 
Frank should have eaten low fat foods. That might have prevented his heart attack. 
You really should start eating better. 
Sarah shouldn't smoke so much. It's not good for her health. 
Sarah shouldn't have smoked so much. That's what caused her health problems. 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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Sarah shouldn't smoke when she visits Martha next week. Martha hates when people smoke in her house 
SHOULD 
assumption/ expectation/ probability- suposição/expecta-tiva/probabilidade 
Susan should be in New York by now. 
Susan should have arrived in New York last week. Let's call her and see what she is up to. 
Susan should be in New York by next week. Her new job starts on Monday. 
Susan shouldn't be in New York yet. 
Susan shouldn't have arrived in New York until yesterday. 
Susan shouldn't arrive in New York until next week 
OUGHT TO 
recommendation/ advisability- recomendação/ conselho 
Margaret ought to exercise more. 
Margaret ought to have exercised more so she would be better prepared for the marathon. 
Margaret ought to come to the fitness center with us tonight. 
Margaret ought not exercise too much. It might cause injury. 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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Margaret ought not have run the marathon. She wasn't in good shape. 
OUGHT TO 
assumption/expectation/probability-suposição/expecta-tiva/probabilidade 
She ought to have the package by now. 
She ought to have received the package yesterday. 
She ought to receive the package tonight. 
HAD BETTER 
recommendation- recomendação/conselho/desperate hope/ 
You had better unplug the toaster before you try to clean it. 
You had better not clean the toaster until you unplug it. 
The movie had better end soon. 
They had better be here before we start dinner. 
SHALL 
future action- ação futura 
The marketing director shall be replaced by someone from the New York office. 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
15 
Fred shall be there by 8:00. 
Fred shall not (shan’t) be there. He has a previous obligation. 
SHALL 
volunteering/promising- voluntariedade/promessa 
I shall take care of everything for you. 
I shall make the travel arrangements. There's no need to worry. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
16 
 
1. (UFSC) Assinale a alternativa correta: 
a) You can’t drive a car unless you have a driver’s license. 
b) You can’t to drive a car unless you have a driver’s license. 
c) You can’t driving a car unless you have a driver’s license. 
d) You don’t can drive a car unless you have a driver’s license. 
e) You cannot to drive a car unless you have a driver’s license. 
 
2. (FMU-SP) ________ I smoke here? Yes, but you _____ throw ashes on the floor. 
a) May – should 
b) Might – must not 
c) Can – mustn’t 
d) Could – ought to 
e) Would – shouldn’t 
 
3. (PUCCAMP-SP) Mother to child: “You _________ tell lies.” 
a) don’t need 
b) mustn’t 
c) may not 
d) don’t must 
e) haven’t 
 
 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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4. (F.C.M. STA.CASA-SP) She’s so good that that there isn’t anything she ______do. 
a) can’t 
b) can 
c) may 
d) has to 
e) isn’t able 
 
5. (FMU/FIAM-SP) You ______ finish your food, if you don’t want to. 
a) must 
b) don’t need 
c) needn’t 
d) may not 
e) mustn’t 
 
6. (ITA-SP) Every university _______ some degree deep up with the world outside. 
a) must 
b) mustn’t 
c) must not 
d) must to 
e) mustn’t to 
 
7. (PUCCAMP-SP) You ought _______ a holiday. 
a) tooking 
b) take 
c) took 
d) taking 
e) to take 
 
 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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8. (U.MACKENZIE-SP) The teacher told the pupils that they _______ leave the school. 
a) might to 
b) musted 
c) mayed 
d) might 
e) should to 
 
9. (ITA-SP) I’m awfully sorry, but I had no choice. I simply _______ what I did. 
a) ought to 
b) must to 
c) have had to do 
d) have done 
e) had to do 
 
10. (ITA-SP) Dadas as sentenças: 
1) Make believe you cannot walk. 
2) I do my homework every day. 
3) You should do your duty. 
Constatamos que está ( estão ) correta (s) 
a) apenas a sentença nº 1. 
b) apenas a sentença nº 2. 
c) apenas a sentença nº 3. 
d) apenas as sentenças nº 1 e nº 2. 
e) todas as sentenças. 
 
11. (ITA) Assinale a alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas ( I, II, III ) das sentenças: 
1) He___ I ___ climb to the top of the mountain. 
2) ____ II _____ the child have the toy ? 
3) She ___ III ___ go now. 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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 I II III 
a) cans to Mays musts to 
b) can May must 
c) can to May must to 
d) cans Mays musts 
e) will can Will may will must 
 
12. (M. AER.-RJ) She ______ at that restaurant. I looked everywhere for her last night. 
a) could have been 
b) couldn’t has been 
c) couldn’thad been 
d) couldn’t have been 
 
13. (IME-RJ) Miss Taylor _______ swim well when she was younger. 
a) might to 
b) should to 
c) ought to 
d) have to 
e) was able to 
 
14. (IBERO-SP) Mr. Anderson ______ be at home. I ______ his car in front of his house. 
a) could – am seeing 
b) must – can see 
c) should – am seeing 
d) ought – can see 
e) might – am seeing 
 
15. (FMU/FIAM-SP) Stop it, children! You ______ write on the wall! 
a) needn’t 
b) can 
c) mustn’t 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
20 
d) will 
e) should 
 
16. (FGV-SP) Tomorrow he _______ go. 
a) had to 
b) musts 
c) must 
d) have to 
e) has 
 
17. (MACKENZIE-SP) In the sentence: You may be wrong, and you may be right, “may” expresses: 
a) possibility 
b) permission 
c) ability 
d) deduction 
e) obligation 
 
18. (PUC-SP) My brother had too much to drink last night, but he _____ not have because he often suffers 
from liver trouble. 
a) could 
b) should 
c) must 
d) can 
e) would 
 
19. (UFSC) He read the message twice but he ______ not understand it. 
a) must 
b) may 
c) can 
d) should 
e) could 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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20. (U.MACKENZIE) Assinale a alternativa correta. 
a) There are no matches left. We must buy some more. 
b) There aren’t any matches left. We must to buy some more. 
c) There aren’t no matches left. We must buy any more. 
d) There is not any matches left. We must to buy some more. 
e) There aren’t not any matches left. We must buy some more. 
 
21. (FICB-DF) We _______ keep ourselves together if we really want to get out of this jungle. 
a) ought 
b) have 
c) must to 
d) need to 
e) should to 
 
22. (PUC-SP) 
Janet: Look, our boat is sinking! 
Peter: Oh, dear! Can you swim? 
Janet: Yes, but we won’t have to. There’s a lifeboat on board. 
In the above dialogue, the underlined verbs express _____ and _____, respectively. 
a) ability – obligation 
b) permission – prohibition 
c) possibility – prohibition 
d) permission – possibility 
e) ability – necessity 
 
23. (ESAL-MG) “Mr. Wood was not able to sleep”, has the same meaning that: 
a) Mr. Wood wouldn’t sleep. 
b) Mr. Wood may not sleep. 
c) Mr. Wood might not sleep. 
d) Mr. Wood couldn’t sleep. 
e) Mr. Wood must not sleep. 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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24. (UNITAU-SP) The child mustn’t get out of his room. The underlined word indicates: 
a) no necessity 
b) prohibition 
c) inability 
d) no obligation 
e) no possibility 
 
25. (UFR-RJ) Na frase “If you must be good, be careful”, o verbo must pode ser substituído, sem alteração 
de sentido, por: 
a) be able to 
b) may 
c) can 
d) have to 
e) might 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
23 
TEXT COMPREHENSION 
Text 27 (EEAR) 
 
Cigarettes are more addictive for women than for men. This is the conclusion arrived at by 
research carried out amongst 6,000 people in São Paulo. The study was coordinated by 
psychiatrist Célia Lídia da Costa. “Most men only smoke for pleasure. On the other hand, depression affects 
many more women than men. Many women smoke cigarettes to forget the negative symptoms of 
depression and anxiety. This means women are psychologically more dependent on cigarettes than men 
are”, Costa says in an interview published by Folha Online. According to her, when men and women look 
for medical help to quit smoking, men take an average of three months to quit, while women take a year. 
 
1. According to the survey on women’s addiction to cigarettes, we can conclude that 
a) it is tougher for women to stop smoking than for men. 
b) women manage to quit their habit in less time than men. 
c) most women need a psychiatrist’s help in order to succeed in being cured. 
d) women are unable to overcome their dependence because it’s pleasant. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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Text 28 (EFOOM) 
 
NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates 
 
NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after they attacked a 
Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the high-speed chase only ended when warning shots 
were fired at the pirates’ skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late 
Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. 
Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATO’s 
maritime headquarters in England. "How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the 
actions of the tanker," Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker. Davies said the pirates 
sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was escorting a World Food Program delivery 
ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase. 
"There was a lengthy pursuit, over seven hours," Davies said. The pirates hurled weapons into the dark seas as 
the Canadian and U.S. warships closed in. The ships are part of NATO’s anti-piracy mission. "The skiff 
abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was heading toward Bossaso 
but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after several attempts to stop the vessel." 
Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and finally fired 
warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped most of their weapons 
overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a rocket-propelled grenade, and interrogated, 
disarmed and released the pirates. The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did 
not attack Canadian citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory. "When a 
ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national authorities," Fernandes said. "It 
stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue." 
The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the coast of 
lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and 
release the pirates they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates 
and witnesses to court. Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number 
assaulted in 2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at 
least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310 crew 
hostage, according to an Associated Press count. 
(Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09) 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETIPROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
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1. The Canadian Navy is involved in the incident described in the text because: 
a) The pirates accidentally crossed in front of the Canadian warship Winnipeg which was on its way 
 through the Gulf of Aden. 
b) The pirates tried to attack an escorted ship filled with valuable supplies for the World Food Program. 
c) The Norwegian tanker chased the pirates until the Canadian and the North American warships arrived. 
d) NATO ships were already in the area looking for the pirates' skiff. 
e) The USS Halyburton asked their Canadian counterparts for assistance after locating the skiff. 
 
2. In the sentence "There was a lengthy pursuit, over seven hours", there is a word formed by the suffix 
"y". In which option below the word is formed by the same suffix? 
a) lately 
b) mostly 
c) fury 
d) ally 
e) healthy 
 
3. According to the text, the crew members of the Somali ships seized CANNOT be held in custody 
because: 
a) Their guns are hurled into the seas and no proof of their status as pirates can be found on board of 
 their ships. 
b) International Law forbids NATO members to arrest crewmembers of other nationalities. 
c) Somalia is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and therefore its ships are only 
 subjected to that country's national legal persecution. 
d) NATO members cannot make arrests abroad under a number of circumstances, such as when their 
 nationals are not directly affected. 
e) Piracy is not a crime NATO countries are allowed to fight or prevent in the national waters of non-NATO 
 countries. 
 
 
 
 
 INGLÊS 
 
Prof. DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 13 
 
 
 
26 
 
EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 
1. a 
2. c 
3. b 
4. a 
5. e 
6. d 
7. e 
8. d 
9. e 
10. e 
11. b 
12. d 
13. e 
14. b 
15. c 
16. c 
17. a 
18. b 
19. e 
20. a 
21. d 
22. e 
23. d 
24. b 
25. d 
 
TEXT COMPREHENSION 
Text 27 (EEAR) 
1. a 
 
Text 28 (EFOOM) 
1. a 
2. e 
3. d