E05-Grammar Practice

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Use the simple present tense to talk about …
• facts (things that are always or currently true):
Over 150,000 overseas students live and study 
in the UK.
• repeated events and routines:
I have a physics class every Monday at 9 a.m.
It never starts on time!
• likes/dislikes and opinions:
British people like meeting people from other countries. 
I don’t think it’s true.
Third person (he/she/it) -s: key spelling rules
You usually add -s: live → lives
However, there are exceptions:
1 Add -es to verbs ending in -ch, -o, -s, -ss, -sh, 
and -x: watch → watches, go → goes
2 Change verbs ending in consonant + y to -i: 
study → studies
3 Do NOT change the ending -y after a vowel: 
buy → buys NOT buies
4 Note also have → has
Affirmative
I / You / We / They live
in the UK.
He / She / It lives
Negative
I / You / We / They don’t (do not) 
think it’s true.
He / She / It does not (doesn’t)
You usually use the contracted forms don’t/doesn’t when 
speaking and writing informally.
Questions and short answers
Do I / you / we / they
seem friendly?
Does he / she / it 
Yes,
I / you / we / they do.
he / she / it does. 
No,
I / you / we / they don’t.
he / she / it doesn’t.
Where
do I / you / we / they
come from?
does he / she / it
Level 3 Unit 1a(1)
Simple presentLife
Tips and advice for foreign students in the UK
Over 150,000 overseas students live and study in the UK.
Do people in the UK seem friendly?
What di�erences do you notice?
My experience is very positive. British people like meeting people
from other countries.
Rosa, Chile
People say the English are very punctual but I don’t think it’s true.
For example, my physics class never starts on time.
Frank, Switzerland
Read what some of them think. 
Presentation
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Level 3 Unit 1a(1)
Exercises
Exercises
1 Complete the sentences with the simple present form of the verbs in the box.
cost enjoy feel go have live study take travel understand
 1 Ricki goes to English classes twice a week.
 in the White House.
 the bus to work at eight in the morning.
 over $500.
 playing computer games with his friends.
 their summer vacation in July and August. 
for their exams in the evenings.
 around the Earth at 3,683 kilometers per hour.
 2 The US president 
 3 We always 
 4 This bicycle 
 5 He 
 6 Most people in France 
 7 Nigel and Bruce 
 8 The moon 
 9 How do you today? Are you better?
10 I don’t this question. Can you help me?
2 
1 Complete the interview for a school magazine. Use the simple present form of 
the verbs in parentheses. Then listen and check.
Gabi Teschner
get up
do you notice
Gabi Teschner, a German exchange student, is spending three months in the USA. 
Interviewer: What 1 ................................................ (notice) about students in the USA?
Gabi: �ey 2 ........................ (get up) very early for school. 
Interviewer: What time 3 ................................................. (school/start) in Germany?
Gabi: We also 4 .............................. (begin) at eight o’clock, but in the USA the
school day 5 .............................. (last) longer. Also the schedule 6 ..........................
(not give) much time for breaks and lunch.
Interviewer: What 7 .............................. (you think) of American food, Gabi? 
Gabi: I 8 .............................. (like) the breakfasts because they are similar to Germany, 
but the school lunch 9 .............................. (not taste) very good. It’s always
burgers or pizza and fries.
Interviewer: And what 10 .............................. (students do) in their free time?
Gabi: Sports are very important in the USA, so they 11 .............................. (play)
baseball or football a�er school.
Interviewer: 12 .............................. (you play) these sports in Germany?
Gabi: Yes, I’m on a women’s football team, but we 13 .............................. (not use)
an oval ball. Our footballs are round!
1 Everyone has a cell phone these days. ✓
2 What time does you get up? do
3 I doesn’t believe everything in 
newspapers. 
4 Do they like meeting people? 
5 The mailman bring the letters in the 
morning. 
6 The children like the cake. 
7 How often does he goes to the gym? 
8 It not feel very comfortable. 
9 My sister studys modern languages at 
university. 
10 What similarities you see between the two 
nationalities? 
3 Correct the sentences. Three sentences are correct.
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Use adverbs and expressions of frequency to say how 
often something happens. You often use these adverbs 
and expressions with the simple present tense.
Adverbs of frequency
These are some of the most common adverbs of frequency:
never
hardly ever/rarely
not often
occasionally/sometimes
often
normally/usually
always
0%
100%
The Irish always celebrate St. Patrick’s Day on March 17.
Position of adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of frequency normally come …
• before the main verb
The Irish always wear green on St. Patrick’s Day. Russian 
people don’t often give presents on December 25.
Do Russian people often give presents on December 25?
• after the verb to be
Guests are often late.
Guests aren’t often late.
Are guests often late?
Expressions of frequency
once a(n)
twice a(n)
three times a(n)
hour / day / week / month / year
every hour / day / week / month / year / 
Monday / Tuesday / Wednesday / 
six months / five years
The Irish celebrate St. Patrick’s Day every year.
We play soccer once a week.
Position of expressions of frequency
Expressions of frequency can come at the beginning or 
the end of the sentence:
Every year they celebrate St. Patrick’s Day. 
They celebrate St. Patrick’s Day every year. 
(Don’t say They every year celebrate St. Patrick’s Day.)
Life Level 3 Unit 1a(2)
Adverbs and expressions of frequency
1 You don’t need to arrive for dinner on time in the UK. Guests
are often late.
2 In the UK, the Queen celebrates her birthday twice a year.
3 The Chinese New Year is always on the same day of the year.
4 On her fifteenth birthday, a girl often receives gold in Colombia.
5 The Irish always celebrate St Patrick’s Day on 27th March.
6 In Russia, people don’t often give presents on 25th December.
Christmas Day for them is on 7th January.
Are these true or false?
Answers: 1F 2T (She has an official birthday and her normal birthday.) 3F (The date changes from year to year.) 4T 
5F (St. Patrick’s Day is on 17th March.) 6T
The Culture
Quiz
Presentation
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Level 3 Unit 1a(2)
Exercises
Exercises
1 A hotel interviewed the guests about meals. Look at the results and then choose 
the correct words in the summary.
1 How often do you use the hotel room service for your meals?
Every meal .................... Once a day .................... Not often ....................
2 Which do you normally prefer for breakfast?
Continental breakfast .................... Full English breakfast .................... Don’t eat breakfast ....................
3 Do you ever eat at the restaurant in the evening?
Yes, every night .................... Sometimes .................... No, I usually eat out ....................
5% 45% 50%
69%25% 6%
85% 12% 3%
Five percent of the guests 1 always / often use room service for meals and 45% eat in their rooms
2 every / all day. The rest 3 hardly ever / sometimes use room service. Only 3% 4 rarely / never eat
breakfast and most people 5 occasionally / usually have the Continental breakfast instead of the
Full English breakfast. Most people 6 always / normally eat out in the evening. Only 6% 7 always /
sometimes eat there.
3 Add the adverbs and expressions of 
frequency in parentheses to the sentences.
2 Complete the second sentence so that it has 
the same meaning as thefirst sentence. 
Use the phrases in the box.
 
always don’t normally don’t often 
hardly ever once a year twice a week 
1 My brother is never on time.
My brother is late. 
2 Spanish people rarely eat before nine 
in the evening.
Spanish people eat 
before nine in the evening.
3 We have English classes on Mondays 
and Thursdays.
We have English classes 
4 My family lives in different cities, but we always 
meet on the first of January.
My family lives in different cities, but we 
meet 
5 People in my country usually offer tea to a visitor.
People in my country offer 
coffee to a visitor.
6 My schedule is busy, so I often work on weekends.
My schedule is busy, so I have 
a free weekend.
1 What we eat for breakfast is the same
 every day. (usually)
2 In Madagascar, people eat dried beef. (a few
 times a week)
3 Canadians put maple syrup on their morning
 pancakes. (always)
4 British people start the day without either
 tea or coffee. (rarely)
5 Italians drink a cup of coffee before they do
 anything else. (normally)
6 Most breakfast tables around the world include
 bread. (every day)
Breakfast habits around the world
usually
Cultural Habits
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Level 3 Unit 1b
Simple present and present continuousLife
Presentation
Simple present Present continuous
Use the simple present to talk about …
• facts and things that are always true:
The moon orbits the Earth once a day. (= this is
always true)
• things that are generally true:
I often have problems with my computer. (= this is
generally true)
• general tendencies and repeated situations:
It gets cold at this time of year. (= every year)
• permanent situations:
Where does he live? He lives with his mom.
(= there’s no plan to change this situation)
Use the present continuous to talk about …
• actions happening now:
I’m currently orbiting the Earth. (= this is
happening now)
• something that is happening now or around now:
I’m having lots of problems with my computer.(=
at the moment)
• changing situations:
It’s getting colder. (= at the moment)
• temporary or new situations:
Where is he living now? He’s staying with friends.
(= for the moment, but this situation will change)
Stative verbs
You usually use the simple present with verbs such 
as be, like, believe, look, understand, and know. These 
verbs describe states. You rarely use them in the present 
continuous form:
I understand what you mean. ✓
I’m understanding what you mean. ✗
Time expressions and adverbs
You often use these adverbs and expressions with the 
simple present tense: always, sometimes, every day, 
all the time.
You often use these time expressions with the present 
continuous: at the moment, currently, now, today.
The moon orbits 
the Earth once a 
day at a speed of 
3,683 kilometERs 
per hour.
I’m currently 
orbiting the Earth 
at a speed of 
28,000 kilometERs 
per hour!
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Level 3 Unit 1b
Exercises
Exercises
1 Choose the correct forms. 
 1 The Earth has / is having a population of 6.7 billion people.
 2 The climate of the Earth becomes / is becoming warmer at the moment.
 3 As you move toward the equator, the temperature becomes / is becoming warmer. 
 4 You live in France now but where do you come / are you coming from originally?
 5 My family lives / is living in Nigeria for two years. After that we’ll move to Alaska.
 6 Sorry, I can’t hear you because I stand / ’m standing on the platform at the train station. 
 7 The train comes / is coming into the station now. I’ll be home in ten minutes.
 8 This car never starts / is never starting in the winter.
 9 How often do you take / are you taking a vacation?
10 Do you understand / Are you understanding what I’m saying?
2 Complete the article about an internet businessman. Use the simple present or 
present continuous forms of the verbs in parentheses.
3 Complete these questions for Simon. Use the simple present or present continuous forms.
1 What time do you get up?
At seven o’clock.
2 Why earlier this week?
Because it’s a busy period.
3 When at work?
Around nine.
4 What today?
The reports on our websites.
5 How many people every month?
About 6 million.
6 the number of people who visit your sites ?
Yes, it is.
7 easier to stay at the top?
No it isn’t.
I normally 1 ........................................ (get up) at seven o’clock, but
this week I 2 ........................................ (start) work earlier because
it’s a busy period. I 3 ........................................ (usually arrive) at
work by nine, and I 4 ........................................ (check) my emails.
Today, I 5 ........................................ (work) on reports on our
websites, because these tell me how many people
6 ........................................ (currently visit) our websites. For example, we 7 ........................................ (have) about six
million visitors every month and this number 8 ........................................ (increase). We 9 ........................................ 
(also make) a lot of improvements to our sites at the moment. The internet business is very competitive
and it 10 ........................................ (get) harder to stay at the top.
A day in the life of Simon Nixon of www.moneysupermarket.com
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To talk about rules, we use the verbs must, mustn’t, have 
to, don’t have to, can, and can’t:
• To say something is obligatory, use must or have to:
You must start training. You have to plan.
• To say something is allowed, use can:
You can take the day off.
• To say something is not obligatory but allowed, use
don’t have to:
You don’t have to train every day.
• To say something is not allowed, use can’t or mustn’t:
You mustn’t run if you feel pain. / You can’t run long
distances without lots of water.
must, mustn’t, can, can’t
Must, mustn’t, can, and can’t are modal verbs. They 
never change form and we don’t use do, does, or did 
to make questions and negatives:
I / You / He / She / It / 
We / They
must / mustn’t
run every day.
can / can’t
Can I / you / he / she / it / we / they run every day?
You can also ask questions with must (Must I run?), but 
it’s uncommon.
have to, don’t have to
Have to, don’t have to are normal verbs. They change 
form and we use do, does, or did to make questions 
and negatives:
I / You / We / They have to / don’t have to
run every day.
He / She / It has to / doesn’t have to
Do I / you / we / they
have to run?
Does he / she / it
Level 3 Unit 2a
Modal verbs for rulesLife
Training for your first marathon
You don’t have to be a world-class athlete to run a marathon. 
Just follow these simple rules. 
• You must start training six months before your first race.
• You have to plan a training program and train every week.
• You don’t have to run every day, and you can take a 
break during your run if you feel tired.
• You mustn’t run if you feel pain. Stop right away.
• You can’t run long distances without lots of water. Drink it 
all the time!
Presentation
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Level 3 Unit 2a
Exercises
1 You can’t eat or drink here. 4 
2 
3 
2 Write sentences to explain the signs using can and can’t.
4 Complete these sentences with rules in your life.
1 In my English class, I have to .
2 At home, I must .
3 On the weekend, I don’t have to .
4 During an exam, I can’t .
3 
5 
6 
2 Complete the texts using have to, don’t have to, and mustn’t. Then listen and check.
Exercises
1 Choose the correct verb form.
1 You have to / mustn’t train a lot for a marathon.
2 You must / don’t have to see a doctor if you feel pain.
3 You can / can’t smoke in this building. Go outside.
4 You can’t / don’t have to run the wholerace. You can walk some of the way.
5 You must / mustn’t eat a big meal before a long run. 
6 I like to run early in the morning, but you have to / can train at any time of day. 
I like my job. I 1 wear a uniform. I can work 
in jeans and a T-shirt. I 2 get up early. I start 
work at 12. But I 3 be late! The boss gets really 
angry if I’m late.
I love chess. You 4 be tall, or fast or strong 
to play! Of course, you 5 be quick and 
intelligent. And you 6 let yourself get 
distracted. That’s a sure way to lose the game!
1 2 3 4 5 6
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Level 3 Unit 2b
-ing formLife
Exercises
2 He 1 She doesn't like skiing. 3 We 
5 He 4 She 6 They 
1 Write what these people like or don’t like doing. Use the words in the box.
camp do homework eat out ski sunbathe surf
Presentation
Key vocabulary Leisure activities: camping, eating out, sunbathing, skiing, surfing, swimming
Verb + -ing
After many verbs, you use the -ing form of another verb: I don’t like driving at night. 
Common verbs followed by -ing are: like, dislike, love, hate, can't stand, enjoy, and (not) mind.
Subject of the sentence
You can use the -ing form of the verb as the subject of a sentence:
Driving at night is dangerous.
Verb + preposition + -ing
You also use the -ing form after a preposition:
I worry about having an accident. 
A: What time shall we leave?
B: Let’s get on the road at three o’clock.
A: That’s very early.
B: I don’t like driving at night. 
A: Why not?
B: Driving at night is dangerous. I worry about having an accident.
A: OK. We’ll leave at three.
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Level 3 Unit 2b
Exercises
1 She speaks French, English, Italian, and Mandarin. She’s very good at learning languages .
2 Could you help me? I’m interested in .
3 I’m getting fat. I’m thinking about .
4 Do you ever worry about ? 
5 John rarely goes abroad. He’s afraid of .
6 I’m sorry for . I forgot my cell phone.
1 I love watching TV. 
2 Smoking is a really nice habit. 
3 My friends and I often go sunbathing. 
4 Making time to study English is difficult. 
5 I’m thinking about getting a new job. 
6 I’m not afraid of flying. 
7 Camping is something I enjoy. 
8 I prefer eating out to eating at home. 
1 mind you I helping don’t I don’t mind helping you.
2 enjoy sports do playing you? 
3 is exercise good swimming 
4 about worry at driving they night 
5 are at skiing you good? 
6 like computer they playing games 
7 sunbathing for is bad your skin 
3 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases in the box. Then listen 
and check.
5 Make any necessary changes to these sentences to make them true for you.
4 Put the words in the correct order. 
 1 Smoking is bad for you.
 2 in the sea is nicer than in a pool.
 3 TV all evening is boring.
 4 is wrong.
 5 a policeman is a dangerous job.
 6 too much chocolate makes you fat.
 7 It’s a big car. it is difficult.
 8 It’s a big house. it takes a long time.
 9 The violin is a difficult instrument. to play it can take years.
10 is more dangerous than playing soccer.
2 Complete the sentences using the -ing form of the verbs in the box.
be clean eat learn park ski smoke steal swim watch 
buy a guitar fly get old go on a diet learn languages not call
don’t mind
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• Use	the	comparative	form	to	compare	things.	We
often	use	it	with	than:	Geneva is more famous than
Zurich and Basel.
• Use	the	superlative	form	to	compare	one	thing
with	others	in	a	group:	Zurich is the biggest city in
Switzerland.	(=	bigger	than	all	the	other	cities	in
Switzerland)
Adjective Comparative Superlative
big bigger biggest
small smaller smallest
old older oldest
new newer newest
fast faster fastest
easy easier easiest
famous more famous most famous
modern more modern most modern
good better best
Add	-er or	-est	to	one-syllable	adjectives:	small → 
smaller/smallest
With	most	adjectives	of	two	syllables	or	more,	use	more/
most: famous	→	more/most famous
With	some	two-syllable	adjectives	(often	ending	in	-y, -
le, -ow, -er),	add	-er/-est:	easy	→	easier/easiest
Spelling rules
• Add	-r/-st	with	adjectives	ending	in	-e:	nice → 
nicer/nicest
• For	adjectives	ending	in	-y,	change	-y	to	-i:	easy → 
easier/easiest
• For	one-syllable	adjectives	ending	in	consonant–
vowel–consonant,	double	the	final	consonant: big 
→ bigger/biggest.	But	don’t	double	the	w,	x,	or	y: 
slow →	slower/slowest
Irregular adjectives
There	are	three	common	irregular	adjectives:
good	→	better/best
bad	→	worse/worst
far	→	further/furthest	or	farther/farthest
less/least
To	make	a	negative	comparison,	use	less/least	+	
adjective:	polluted →	less polluted / least polluted
Level 3 Unit 3a
Comparatives and superlativesLife
The	three	biggest	cities	in	Switzerland	are	Geneva,	
Zurich,	and	Basel.	Geneva	is	probably	more	famous	
than	Zurich	and	Basel	because	the	United	Nations	
is	based	here.	Basel	is	smaller	than	Geneva	and	
Zurich,	but	it’s	famous	for	its	museums	and	it	has	
the	oldest	university	in	Switzerland.	Zurich	is	the	
biggest	city	in	Switzerland,	but	it’s	less	polluted	
than	many	other	modern	cities.	It’s	also	easier	to	
travel	around	because	public	transportation	is	fast.
Presentation
Basel
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Level 3 Unit 3a
Exercises
Exercises
1 Complete the texts with the comparative form of the adjectives. 
I	hate	my	job!	I’ve	worked	here		
for	ten	years.	Now,	my	hours	are	
1 	(long)	
but	my	salary	isn’t	
2 	(good).	
I’m	only	40	years	old	but	I	look	
3 	(old).	
I	love	my	new	life!	I	can	relax	
so	I’m	4 
(happy).	My	hours	are		
5 	(short)	
and	I	work	in	the	countryside	
so	it’s	6 
(health).	
2 Write sentences with your opinion. Use a comparative form.
1 pizza	/	pasta	(nice)	 I think pizza is nicer than pasta.
2 work	/	studying	(stressful)	 I	think	
3 playing	music	/	playing	sports	(relaxing)	 I	think	
4 traveling	by	train	/	traveling	by	car	(fast)	 I	think	
5 learning	English	/	learning	math	(easy)	 I	think	
3 Complete the text with the superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses. 
Tierra	del	Fuego	is	one	of	the	1 most beautiful 	(beautiful)		
	(high)	mountain	is	2,448m	
	(amazing)	views.	The	
places	on	Earth.	The	2 
and	the	region	has	the	3 
4 	(easy)	way	to	Tierra	del	Fuego	is	from	Argentina.	
Ushuaia	is	the	capital	city	of	Tierra	del	Fuego,	and	it	is	the	
5 	(popular)	destination	with	tourists.	For	a	quieter	
place,	go	to	Puerta	Toro.	It’s	one	of	the	6 	(small)	
towns	in	South	America,	with	a	population	of	about	50	people.
4 Complete the conversations with a comparative or superlative form. 
street.	And	the	second	night	was	7worse / the worst than	the	first!	There	was	a	party	in	the	room	next	to	
mine	so	I	couldn’t	sleep.	
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Conversation 1
A:	 	So	what	did	you	think	of	Prague?
B:	 	Amazing.	It’s	1more beautiful / most beautiful than	lots	of	other	European	cities.	And	I	think	the	food	is	
2better / best	than	in	Paris!
Conversation 2
C:	 What’s	3better / the best	way	to	get	to	London?
D:	 The	train,	because	it’s	4faster / fastest	than	going	by	car	or	bus.	
Conversation 3
E:	 What	was	your	hotel	like?
F:	 	Terrible!	It	was	probably	5noisier / the noisiest hotel	in	the	city	because	it	was	on	the	6busier / busiest	
1 © National Geographic Learning
Life Level 3 Unit 3b
as…as, comparative modifiers
Comparative modifiers
Use	modifers	to	say	there	is	a	big	difference	or	a	small	
difference	between	the	things	we	are	comparing:
•	 big	difference:
This car is a lot / much faster than other cars.
• small	difference:
This car is a bit / a little more expensive than other cars.
It looks as stylish as a normal sports car and it’s as fast. 
It’s a bit more expensive, but this car is 100% electric, so 
it’s a lot more ecological and it’smuch cheaper to run. So 
being green when you drive doesn’t have to be as 
difficult as you thought—and it can be much more fun.
Presentation
as … as
Use	as … as	to	compare	two	things	and	say	that	
they	are	similar.	
It’s as fast as a normal sports car. (=	Sports	cars	are	
fast.	This	car	is	equally	fast.)
Use	not as ... as ... to	compare	two	things	and	say		
that	one	has	less	of	a	certain	quality	than	the	other:	
It isn’t as expensive as a normal car. (= It’s	cheaper.)	
Exercises
1 Put the words in order. Start with the phrase which is underlined.
Old-fashioned style or new tech comfort? Which camper van do you prefer?
1 popular as the new model isn’t the original model as 
2 stylish not the new van as is 
3 it’s as comfortable sleep to in 
4 not expensive as the new model is 
5 the new one the old one big as as is 
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Level 3 Unit 3b
Exercises
2 Complete these sentences with is/isn’t as … as and the adjective in parentheses. 
1 bus	($40)	train	($40)
The	train	 is as expensive as 	the	bus.	(expensive)	
2 January	(10	degrees)	August	(18	degrees):
The	weather	in	January	 isn’t as hot as 	August.	(hot)	
3 plane	( )	train	( ):	
The	plane	 	the	train.	(comfortable)
4 bike	(no	fuel)	car	(fuel):	
A	bike	 	a	car	to	run.	(expensive)
5 bike	(30	minutes)	bus	(30	minutes)	
The	journey	on	a	bike	 	a	bus.	(fast)
6 car	(5	passengers)	van	(10	passengers)	
A	car	 	a	van.	(big)
3 Write complete sentences with comparative forms and modifiers.
1 My	new	car	/	lot	/	fast	/	than	my	old	car.	 My new car is a lot faster than my old car.
2 Finland	/	much	/	cold	/	Italy.	
3 This	coat	/	little	/	warm	/	than	that	one.	
4 Shopping	online	/	often	/	bit	/	cheap.	
5 On the	weekend,	traffic	/	much	/	good	/	in the	city center.	
6 This	class	/	lot	/	interesting	/	than	the	last	one.	
4 Look at the table and underline the correct comparative modifier. 
Price
Length of stay
Weather
Excitement
Romance
$$$$$$$$
5 days
$$$$
10 days
$$
2 weeks
Top three honeymoon destinations of the month
New York The Maldives Finland
1 The	weather	in	New	York	is	a bit / a lot better	than	in	Finland.	
2 The	weather	in	the	Maldives	is	a little / much	better	than	in	Finland.
3 Finland	is	a bit / much	more	exciting	than	New	York.
4 New	York	is	a little / a lot	less	exciting	than	the	Maldives.
5 The	Maldives	is	a lot / a bit more	romantic	than	Finland.
6 Finland	is	much / a little less	romantic	than	New	York.
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1 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 4a
Simple pastLife
Use the simple past to talk about actions and situations 
in the past.
to be
The simple past forms of to be are was and were:
The movie was good. The actors were great.
Regular Verbs
With most other verbs add -ed to make affirmative forms: 
want → wanted, like → liked
Use did/didn’t + infinitive to form questions and negatives. 
Did you like the movie?
I didn’t like it.
Use did/didn’t to form short answers.
Did you like it? No, I didn’t.
Irregular Verbs
Some verbs have an irregular affirmative form in the 
simple past:
see → saw, go → went
Time expressions
Here are some common time expressions often used 
with the simple past: yesterday, last week, last year, two 
years ago, five minutes ago
Presentation
to be
I / He / She / It
was
wasn’t (was not)
very good.
You / We / They
were
weren’t (were not)
Was
I / he / 
she / it
good?
Yes, I / he / she / it was.
No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.
Were
you / we / 
they
Yes, you / we / they were.
No, you / we / they weren’t.
Other verbs
I / You / He / She / 
It / We / They
liked
the movie.
didn’t like
Who did
I / you / he / she / it / 
we / they
go with?
Did
I / you / he / she / it / 
we / they
like the movie?
Yes, I / you / he / 
she / it / we / they
did.
No, I / you / he / 
she / it / we / they
didn’t.
Key spelling rules
You may sometimes need to make small changes to the 
spelling of the verb:
live → lived (not liveed) cry → cried (not cryed)
Did you go to the movies 
yesterday?
Who did you go with?
Was it good?
Yes, I did. We saw the 
movie Blade Runner.
Brian. He wanted to see it. 
I didn’t like it, but 
Brian loved it.
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2 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 4a
Exercises
Exercises
1 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
1 night what you last do did? 
2 see you what movie did? 
3 actors were who the? 
4 about was what it? 
5 it you enjoy did? 
2 Match the responses a–e to the questions in Exercise 1. Then listen and check.
a Yes, it was great. 
b A writer and an actress who fell in love. 
c An old black-and-white movie called In A Lonely Place. 
d We went to the movies. 
e Humphrey Bogart and Gloria Grahame. 
3 Complete the conversations with the simple past form of the verb in parentheses or a short answer.
Conversation 1
A: 1 Did you watch (you / watch) soccer last night?
B: No, I 2 . 3 (it / be) a good match?
A: Yes, it 4 . It was a very close match so you 5 (not / know) who would win until the 
end. 
B: So 6 (Real Madrid / win)?
A: Yes, they 7 , but only just.
Conversation 2
A: I 8 (see) Louise and her husband last week. 
B: How 9 (be) they?
A: OK, but 10 (you / hear) about her job? 
B: No, I 11 . What happened?
A: She 12 (ask) her company for a pay raise, but they 13 (not / give) it to her. 
So she 14 (leave).
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4
1 © National Geographic Learning
Use the past continuous to talk about actions and 
situations in progress at a particular moment in the past:
It was snowing and the traffic was moving really slowly.
Past continuous
Affirmative and negative
I / He / She / It
was
wasn’t (was not)
running.
We / You / They
were
weren’t (were not)
Questions and short answers
Where
was I / he / she / it
going?
were we / you / they
Yes, I / he / she / it was. No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.
Yes, you / we / they were. No, you / we / they weren’t.
You also often use the past continuous to describe the 
background to a story:
It was winter. I was staying with my grandparents at the 
time. 
Do not use the past continuous with stative verbs: 
I needed … (not I was needing.)
Past continuous and simple past
You can use the past continuous with the simple past to 
talk about two actions that happened at the same time. 
Use the past continuous to talk about the action which 
was already in progress. Use the simple past to talk 
about a second, shorter action:
time
She arrived on the platform
When she arrived at the platform, the train was leaving 
the station.
The train was leaving the station
The second, shorter action sometimes interrupts the 
action already in progress:
time
The ticket collector stopped me
I was running up the stairs
I was running up the stairs to the platform when the 
ticket collector stopped me.
Level 3 Unit 4b
Past continuous and simple pastLife
Presentation
It was winter. I was staying with 
my grandparents at the time. One 
day I needed to go to London. My 
grandparents offered to drive me to 
the station. It was snowing and the 
traffic was moving really slowly so 
I decided to get out and walk. As I 
arrived at the station the last 
passengers were getting on the train. 
I ran to the platform, but it was too 
late. The train was leaving the station.
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2 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 4b
Exercises
Exercises
1 Complete the sentences with was, were, wasn’t, or weren’t.
1 What you doing at ten o’clock last night?
2 Why he running away so fast?
3 He doing his homework. He watching TV instead!
4 They 
5 I’m sorry. I 
6 Sorry, we 
7 She 
 disturbing the neighbors with their loud music.
 working late at the office and I forgot to call. 
 listening. What did you say?
 living there for very long, only a few weeks, Ithink.
8 They having problems with their car, so they took a taxi.
2 4 Choose the correct form of the verb. Then listen and check.
Conversation 1
A: What 1did you do / were you doing at 2 a.m. this morning? 2Did you have / Were you having a party?
B: No, not a party. We 3invited / were inviting some friends for dinner. Why?
A: The music was really loud! I 4tried / was trying to get to sleep.
B: Sorry! I 5didn’t know / wasn’t knowing it was so loud.
Conversation 2
C: Oh! Hello! I didn’t know you 6waited / were waiting for me. I 7spoke / was speaking to Mark on the phone. 
D: It’s OK. I 8finished / was finishing work about half an hour ago. Would you like to go for a quick coffee? 
Have you got time?
C: Yes, I have. I 9just looked / was just looking at a report, but I can finish it later.
3 Complete the text with the past continuous or simple past form of the verbs.
 (walk) down the street. It 2 (be) a beautiful 
 (shine) and the birds 4 (sing). The 
 (walk) past a park bench when he 6 (see) a piece 
 (be) a lottery ticket. 
A man 1
day—the sun 3
man 5
of paper on the ground. He 7 
He 9
(pick) it up. It 8
 (cross) the street to a store where a woman 10 (write) the 
winning lottery numbers on a board. He 11 (read) the numbers on the board and 
12
13
 (look) at the numbers on his ticket. He couldn’t believe his eyes! As he 
(walk) out of the store, he 14 (dream) about how he 
would spend his three-million-dollar prize!
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Level 3 Unit 5a
QuantifiersLife
Use much, many, lots, a lot of, a little, and a few to talk 
about quantity. 
much / many
You usually use much / many in questions and negative 
statements. Use much with uncountable nouns and many 
with plural countable nouns:
I haven’t got much time. I don’t have many friends. How 
much money do you earn? How many different sports do 
you play?
Don’t use much in speech in affirmative statements. You 
normally use a lot / lots:
Say I’ve got a lot of free time this weekend. (Don’t say I’ve 
got much free time this weekend.)
You can use many in affirmative statements, but it can 
seem very formal; a lot / lots is more common.
I’ve got a lot of / many things to do today. 
not much / not many
Use not much and not many to talk about small quantities. 
Use not much with uncountable nouns: 
I haven’t got much work to do this weekend.
Use not many with plural countable nouns: 
I don’t exercise many hours a week.
You can also use not much and not many in short answers: 
How many hours a week do you exercise? Not many.
a lot of / lots of
Use lots of or a lot of to talk about large quantities with 
uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns:
I spend a lot of money on food. I have lots of meetings.
There is no difference in meaning or use between lots of 
and a lot of:
I spend a lot of money on food. = I spend lots of money on 
food. 
a little / a few
Use a little and a few to talk about small quantities.
Use a little with uncountable nouns: I have a little time.
Use a few with plural countable nouns: I play a few sports.
some
You generally use some in:
• affirmative sentences: There are some CDs on the table.
• in requests and offers when you are referring to 
something specific: Can I have some cake? / Would 
you like some cake? (= a piece of the cake I have here 
on the plate and I am offering to you)
any
You generally use any in:
• negative sentences and questions: There isn’t any
coffee in the machine. Is there any coffee?
Presentation
Not many. In fact, I don’t do any exercise during 
the week, because I have lots of meetings. And I have 
very little free time on the weekends. 
I do some exercise every day. I spend lots of time 
at the gym every week, and I play a few sports like 
soccer and tennis. I also make sure I always have a 
little free time for golf on the weekends.
How much exercise 
do you do?
How many hours a week do 
you exercise?
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2 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 5a
Exercises
Exercises
1 Choose the correct words. 
A: Are you spending 1lot / lots of time at the gym these days?
B: No, not 2much / many. What about you?
A: No, I don’t have 3some / any spare time at the moment. 
B: I have the same problem. A 4little / few of my friends find time to go out after work, but I find there 
aren’t any hours left for anything else.
A: How 5much / many hours do you work a week?
B: A 6lot / lots! Last week I worked over one hundred hours.
A: Wow! Do you get 7some / any vacation?
B: I have 8some / any days off next week, actually.
2 Correct the mistake in lines 1–7. Underline the mistake and write the correction.
1 A survey of gyms and fitness centers suggests that people spend a lots of 
2 their spare time at the gym, but not any people are actually losing any weight.
3 In answer to the question “How many weight have you lost since joining the 
4 gym?” only 23% of the members said they were fitter. A little people (4%) even 
5 said they had gained a few weight. But gyms needn’t worry about these results.
6 When asked the question “Will you join again next year?” not any people 
7 answered “no,” but most people answered, “yes.” It’s clear that 
much members are interested in the extra benefits, e.g., the sauna. 
3 Choose the correct words. In two sentences both answers are possible.
 1 A: How much / many milk do you like in your tea?
B: I don’t want any / some, thank you. I’d like it black, please.
 2 Lot / Lots of students study online nowadays.
 3 I usually write emails, but I write any / some letters to the older members of my family. 
 4 Can I have much / a little ice cream, please? It looks delicious!
 5 Would you like a little / few milk?
 6 Sorry, but we don’t have much / many information about train times.
 7 You don’t earn much / little money as a teacher!
 8 There isn’t much bread left. Can you buy some / any?
 9 The post office is only a little / a few meters from the movie theater.
10 In my opinion, not many / any children learn to be polite nowadays.
a lot / lots of
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1 © National Geographic Learning
Use a/an Use the Use no article (–)
•  To talk about something that isn’t
specific:
I’d like a glass of water. (any glass,
not a particular glass)
•  The first time we mention something:
I’m here for an interview.
•  To talk about something specific
or unique:
It’s for the sales assistant job.
•  The second time we mention
something:
This gentleman is here for the
interview.
• With superlatives: the best person
•  To talk about plural and uncountable 
nouns in general:
I like working with (-) people, and
I like working in (-) sales.
Level 3 Unit 5b(1)
Articles: a/an, the, or no articleLife
Presentation
A: I’m here for an interview.
B: Take a seat. Would you like a cup 
of coffee? Or an orange juice?
A: Thanks. I’d like a glass of water, 
please.
B: This gentleman is here for the 
interview. 
C: For which job?
A: It’s for the sales assistant job.
C: Oh yes.
C: So tell me why you’re the best 
person for the job. 
A: I like working with people, and I 
love working in sales.
Exercises
1 Choose the correct option.
1 Could I have a / – / the glass of juice, please? 
2 Mom! There’s a / an / the woman on a / an / the 
phone for you. 
3 There are lots of jobs in a / – / the tourism. 
4 I’m applying for an / – / the job of marketing 
manager.
5 I love working in a / – / the teams.
6 Can I ask you a / – / the question?
7 This is a / – / the best job I’ve ever had.
8 I’ve got a / – / the problem with my computer.
9 I’ve got a / – / the same problem I had last week.
10 What’s a / – / the time?
11 A: Hello, can I speak to a / – / the manager, 
please?
B: I’m afraid he isn’t in an / – / the office today.
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2 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 5b(1)
Exercises
2 6 Add a or the to theconversations where necessary.
1 A: Shall we go to see movie?
B: Yes, OK. What do you want to see?
2 A: Did you enjoy show?
B: Yes, it was great. Music was fantastic.
3 A: Is there bus stop near here?
B: Yes, nearest bus stop is on corner, opposite police station.
4 A: Is that new cell phone? Where did you get it?
B: In store downtown. It’s new store. It opened last week.
5 A: This is first time I’ve been to this restaurant. Is it new?
B: No, it’s been here for years. Friend brought me here once after work.
6 A: Look! There’s man waving at you over there, on other side of street.
B: Who? Man with black dog?
3 Complete the text with the or – (zero article).
Name: Fred
Favorite food: I love 1________________ homemade food. I particularly love 2_______________
food my grandmother makes. I hate 3_________________ burgers and 4_________________ 
chips and 5_________________ coffee from 6_________________ machine at work.
Likes and dislikes: I love 7_________________ dancing and spending time with my friends. I 
especially love going to 8_________________ park and listening to 9_________________ music 
on my MP3 player.
Free-time activities: I like to keep fit. I play 10_________________ basketball twice 
a week and go swimming in 11_________________ local pool every morning. I spend 
12_________________ hours playing 13_________________ games on my computer, and I love 
watching 14_________________ DVDs. 
FRED
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1 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 5b(2)
Articles: the or no articleLife
1 Which ocean is the smallest?
a) the Pacific
b) the Atlantic
c) the Arctic
2 Which desert is the biggest? 
a) the Sahara
b) the Gobi
c) the Kalahari
3 Which country was the first to
 give women the vote?
a) the USA
b) Australia
c) New Zealand
4 Which is the world’s second 
longest river? 
a) the Amazon
b) the Nile
c) the Yangtze
How much do you know about geography?
Try our quick quiz and see!
5 Which town is the home of the White House?
a) New York
b) Washington, DC
c) Chicago
6 In which country is English not an
official language?
a) the USA
b) South Africa
c) the Philippines
7 Who was the first European to sail
around the world? 
a) Christopher Columbus
b) Ferdinand Magellan
c) Juan Sebastian Elcano
8 When is the best time to see the 
Aurora Borealis (the Northern Lights)?
a) September and October
b) December and January
c) June and July
Quiz answers 
1 the Arctic 2 the Sahara 3 New Zealand 4 the Amazon 5 Washington, DC 6 the USA: there is no official language in the 
USA 7 Juan Sebastian Elcano—he was a member of Magellan’s crew. Magellan died in a battle before his ships got home.
8 September and Octob 8 September and October (or March and April) er (or March and Ap
he White House?
ot an
o sail
the
Lights)??????
Presentation
Names without the
You do not normally use the with the names of . . .
• people: Ferdinand Magellan, Christopher Columbus
• towns: Washington, New York
• countries: New Zealand, Australia, South Africa
• continents: Asia, Africa, Europe, Antarctica
• lakes and mountains: Lake Geneva, Lake Titicaca, 
Mount Everest, Mount Whitney
• months and days of the week: January, February, 
Monday, Tuesday
• languages: English, French, Japanese
• school subjects: geography, history, art
Names with the 
You use the with the names of . . .
• deserts: the Gobi, the Kalahari
• rivers: the Amazon, the Nile
• mountain ranges: the Alps, the Himalayas, the Andes
• oceans and seas: the Pacific, the Mediterranean
•	 groups of countries or states: the USA, the European Union
• countries whose names are plural: the Philippines,
the Maldives
• countries whose names include a political label:
the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom
• some buildings: the White House, the Eiffel Tower,
the Sheraton Hotel
• periods of time: the nineties, the 21st century,
the holidays, the weekend
• geographical regions: the Middle East, the north, the
coast, the mountains, the countryside, the Antarctic
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2 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 5b(2)
Exercises
Exercises
1 Complete the sentences with the or – (no article).
2 7 Cross out any unnecessary articles. Then listen and check.
1 A: Where are you from?
B: A small town called the Amasra. It’s in the Turkey on the Black Sea. 
2 A: Who’s your teacher for the math this year?
B: It’s the Mr. Smith I think.
3 A: What are you reading?
B: It’s a book about the British explorer, the Scott of the Antarctic.
4 A: What did you do on the weekend? 
B: We went to the country. We stayed at a hotel near the Lake Balaton.
5 A: Excuse me, do you speak the German?
B: No, I’m sorry. I don’t. Do you speak the Portuguese? 
6 A: What are you doing for the holidays?
B: We’re going to the beach, in the south of the France. 
3 Add the ten missing definite articles (the) to the text. 
 1 – Roald Amundsen was the first man to reach the South Pole.
 2 More than 370 million people speak English at home.
 3 The population of China is four times bigger than the population of 
United States. 
 4 Nile is the longest river in the world. 
 5 Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa.
 6 Sahara desert is expanding to south at a rate of 30 miles a year. 
 7 Most children study history and geography at school. 
 8 The coldest month of the year in Antarctica is July. 
 9 Middle East is the region of the world east of Mediterranean Sea and west 
of India. 
10 Global warming is one of the biggest problems facing the world in 21st century. 
Chile
Chile, officially known as Republic of Chile, is the 
longest country in world. This long, thin country is 
situated between Pacific Ocean in west and Andes 
to east. It is more than 4,300 km long and is a land 
of extremes, from Atacama Desert in north to the 
frozen lakes in south. The official language is 
Spanish and the capital city is Santiago, although 
the main government buildings are in the city of 
Valparaiso, on coast. 
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1 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 6a
Infinitive formsLife
verb + to + infinitive
After many common verbs, you can use the to + 
infinitive form of a verb:
I’ve decided to change my career.
decide, learn, need, plan, 
promise, want, would like
to + infinitive
adjective + to + infinitive
You can use the to + infinitive form after adjectives:
It was good to see you.
crazy, difficult, easy, happy, 
nice, pleased, sad
to + infinitive
Infinitive of purpose
You can use the to + infinitive to talk about why 
someone does something:
I’m leaving my job to start my own business.
The action
The purpose of the action 
(why we do something)
I’ve bought an umbrella
I’m going to the gym
I’ll call her
to stay dry.
to get fit. 
to arrange a meeting.
Presentation
Suzie
Alice
Hi Suzie,
It was good to see you last week and thanks for helping me think about my future! 
I’ve decided to change my career. I’m leaving my job to start my own business. I want to 
start a website for university students. 
What do you think?
Alice
Exercises
1 Match 1–7 to a–g.
1 Type in your password a to get there on time.
2 Put your credit card in the machine b to visit another country.
3 Turn the key c to start the car.
4 You need to leave now d to log on.
5 Carry a passport e to listen to the news.
6 You need to wear this coat f to get money out.
7 You can switch the radio on g to keep warm.
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2 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 6a
Exercises
2 Complete the sentences with the pairs of words in the box.
afraid + meet crazy + buy easy + make nice + meet right + be sad + see
31 2
64 5
1 How do you do? It’s to you.
2 You’re to angry. I would be too!
3 Are you to my father?
4 The instructions say it’s to .
5 And at this price, you’d be not to it today!
6 We’re to you go.
3 Combine the two sentences with aninfinitive of purpose.
1 We employ over 200 people. They answer customer calls.
We employ over 200 people to answer customer calls.
2 My company provides training. This helps the employees do their jobs well.
3 Our factory uses the latest technology. This improves production.
4 We check each product. This controls quality. 
5 We have three delivery trucks. These take our products to local supermarkets.
6 We offer low prices. We are more competitive.
4 Complete these sentences so they are true for you. 
1 In the future, I plan to .
2 I’m always happy to .
3 I’m studying English to .
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1 © National Geographic Learning
Life
Present continuous
Use the present continuous to talk about a fixed 
arrangement in the future. We often mention a time.
I‘m getting a train in half an hour. 
We’re meeting my friends at nine.
be going to
Use be going to + infinitive to talk about general plans 
and intentions. 
I‘m going to order steak. 
What are you going to order?
will
Use will (without to):
• to make a decision when speaking:
I’m not sure. I think I’ll have fish … Or maybe I’ll
have steak.
• to make promises and offers:
I promise I’ll pay.
I’ll get the bill.
Level 3 Unit 6b
Future forms: going to, will, and present continuousLife
W: What are you going to order?
M: I’m not sure. I think I’ll have fish. What about you?
W: I’m going to order steak and fries. I always have steak!
M: That sounds nice. Maybe I’ll have the steak, too.
[later] 
M: Sorry but I’m getting a train in half an hour. I have to 
go. It was delicious.
W: Sure. No problem. I’ll pay.
M: Really? That’s very kind of you.
Presentation
Exercises
1 Look at the pictures and write sentences. Use going to, will, or the present continuous.
 1 Rita and I / play / on
 2 It’s OK. I / pay / lunch
 3 This year / I / learn
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2 © National Geographic Learning
Level 3 Unit 6b
Exercises
2 Complete the conversations with the present continuous or will.
1 A: What are you doing on Tuesday?
B: I’m having (I have) lunch 
with Jerry.
2 A: Let’s ask the waiter for the bill.
B: Good idea. 
(I pay) it.
3 A: When (you get) 
married?
B: On the 25th of June.
4 A: Where (you go) 
for your vacation this year?
B: To Greece. 
5 A: I haven’t got any money!
B: Don’t worry. 
(I lend) you some.
6 A: Sorry but I’m going to be late.
B: That’s OK. 
(we wait) for you.
3 Look at the pictures. Check what the person says.
1 I’m going to pay for it.
I’ll pay for it. ✓
2 I’m going to have a 
vacation in Florida!
I’ll have a vacation in Florida.
3 I’ll help you.
I’m going to help you.
4 I’ll be a doctor like my father.
I’m going to be a doctor like 
my father.
5 I’ll get it.
I’m going to get it.
6 I’ll have a party tonight.
I’m going to have a party 
tonight.
4 Complete the sentences with I’m going to or I think I’ll.
1 I’m going to see Real Madrid play AC Milan: I’ve got tickets.
2 The sun’s come out. go to the beach.
3 I’ve sold my car. buy a new one.
4 It’s getting dark. turn on the light.
5 I’m going to Tokyo for six months. study Japanese.
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