Extrusion is a process in which metal is compressed and forced to flow through a die that determines the section of the resulting product. It can be done either cold or hot, but hot extrusion is commonly used for most metals. Hot extrusion helps reduce the forces required for the process, eliminates the effects of cold work, and reduces directional properties. However, the high temperatures and pressures involved, which can reach up to 7,000 atm, pose challenges. Lubrication and protection of the chamber, plunger, and die are necessary to minimize wear. Cold extrusion, on the other hand, involves the impact of a punch on a metal pellet.
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