What are the four fundamental ecological processes of ecosystems? I - The four fundamental ecological processes of ecosystems are the water cycle,...

What are the four fundamental ecological processes of ecosystems?

I - The four fundamental ecological processes of ecosystems are the water cycle, biogeochemical (or nutrient) cycles, energy flow and community dynamics.
II - The water cycle is responsible for the transport of water around the planet and is essential for the biological reactions that occur within cells.
III - Nutrient cycles are responsible for the transport of chemical elements between living organisms and between the non-living components of the planet.
IV - Energy flow is the process by which living things obtain energy to carry out their basic activities of growth, reproduction and survival.
V - Succession is the process of change of the community to its previous state after a disturbance event that affects some of the populations.
a) I, II, III and IV are correct.
b) I, II, III, IV and V are correct.
c) Only I, II, III and IV are correct.
d) Only I, II and IV are correct.