based on the extensive research carried out by the Rand Study Group and the New London Group on literacy, we can affirm that: ROeading instruction...

based on the extensive research carried out by the Rand Study Group and the New London Group on literacy, we can affirm that: ROeading instruction should focus on words that are not recurrently used so that students can be equipped with very extensive lexical knowledge. Second Language students should develop metalinguistic knowledge and expand their lexical repertoire with the help of the dictionary, memorizing words they are not familiar with. Morphological clues are the type of metalinguistic knowledge that, though necessary, does not help readers cope with the challenge of finding out the meaning of unfamiliar words. Effective reading instruction should focus on small but particularly relevant groups of high-frequency words. Students should not rely on the presence of cognates in a text; after all, the recurrent use of false cognates (such as "parents" and "pretend") can be very misleading.