f '(x) = lim h→0 [ (x – x –h) / (x+ h). x ] / h
f '(x) = lim h→0 [ – h / (x +h) . x. h ] = lim h→0 [–h / h] . [1 / (x+ h). x] =
= (– 1 ) . [ 1 / x . x ] = – 1 / ( x )^2
Sendo \(f(x) = {1 \over x}\), o limite é:
\(\Longrightarrow \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {f(x+h) - f(x) \over h} = \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {1 \over h} \Big (f(x+h) - f(x) \Big )\)
\(\Longrightarrow \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {f(x+h) - f(x) \over h} = \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {1 \over h} \Big ( {1 \over x+h} - {1 \over x} \Big )\)
\(\Longrightarrow \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {f(x+h) - f(x) \over h} = \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {1 \over h} \Big ( {x-(x+h) \over x(x+h)} \Big )\)
\(\Longrightarrow \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {f(x+h) - f(x) \over h} = \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {1 \over h} \Big ( {-h \over x(x+h)} \Big )\)
\(\Longrightarrow \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {f(x+h) - f(x) \over h} = \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\,-{1 \over x(x+h)}\)
Substituindo \(h=0\), o resultado final é:
\(\Longrightarrow \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {f(x+h) - f(x) \over h} =-{1 \over x(x+0)}\)
\(\Longrightarrow \fbox {$ \underset{h \to 0} \lim \,\, {f(x+h) - f(x) \over h} =-{1 \over x^2} $}\)
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