5-ProcessamentoMecanico

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PROCESSAMENTO 
MECÂNICO DA 
BIOMASSA
Prof. Paulo Cesar C. Pinheiro
Dept. Engenharia Mecânica da UFMG
Março 2012
Secagem
Processamento Mecânico da Biomassa Machado
Moto-Serra Picador
FSJII Hammermill
This model of Hammer Mill is suitable for milling raw material like tree branch, 
cotton stalk, corn stalk, wheat straw etc) with size less than 50 mm (diameter). 
After milled, the output size can reach diameter 3-5 mm , which is suitable for 
further briquetting.
Desintegradora
FSJI Crusher
This model of crusher is suitable for crushing raw wood with size less than 200 
mm (diameter). After milled, the output size can reach diameter 3-5 mm , which is 
suitable for further briquetting.
Desintegradora
South Yorkshire
Fastrac 3220 com 560TL 
Botex forestry crane
•Summary:
•The overall cost of the installation is low BUT the fuel cost is much 
higher
•The carbon footprint of wood pellets is not as small as woodchip
but significantly better than fossil fuel (as wood is usually transported 
to a processing plant, energy is expended in producing the pellets 
and more energy is spent in delivering the pellets to the user).
•Summary:
•The overall cost of the installation is high BUT the fuel cost is 
much less
•The carbon footprint of using woodchips close to the woodland 
where they are grown is low. 
•Indicative costs (delivered): £140 – 250 per tonne•Indicative costs (delivered): £40 – 60 per tonne
•Pellets are better suited to small installations where space for fuel 
storage or delivery is limited.
•Raw woodchips are generally used in larger installations while 
refined woodchips are better suited to small to medium scale 
installations.
•In a similar way to sand, pellets will flow by gravity from a hopper 
so feed systems are much simpler.
•Woodchips require more complex feed systems – usually some 
form of auger.
•Being a much denser fuel the size of storage facilities can be much 
smaller.
•Wood chips require larger storage facilities and more robust feed 
systems
•Being denser the costs of transport can be lower•The bulky nature means that transporting woodchips can be costly
•The financial and energy costs of producing wood pellets are much 
higher
•The financial and energy costs of producing wood chip are less 
than wood pellets
•The moisture content is much lower at about 10%•Chips produced from recently harvested wood will have a moisture
content of about 50% (raw woodchips). Wood which has been air 
dried for about a year will produce chips with a moisture content of 
about 30% (refined woodchips)
•Wood pellets are an internationally traded commodity•Can be produced to a range of standards in respect of size and 
moisture content
•Presently produced from sawdust etc. but pellet production systems 
are being developed which will use woodchips as the raw material.
•Can be produced directly from recently harvested (‘green’) wood or 
from seasoned wood, which has been air dried for a year or so.
Wood pelletsWoodchips
Chips – Pellets
Auto Feed - Chips vs. Pellets
Chips
+ Locally/readily available
+ Local production = local jobs
- Storage space
- Quality/uniformity
- Higher degree of system 
maintenance required
Pellets
+ Standardised fuel
+ Densified fuel
+ Less system maintenance 
require
- Higher fuel cost
- Little local production
Briquetes de Biomassa 
Briquetting is a process that biomass is compressed under high
pressure and high temperature.
The self bonding of biomass to form a briquette involves the thermo-
plastic flow of the biomass. The lignin content that occurs naturally in 
biomass is liberated under high pressure and temperature. Lignin
serves as the glue in the briquetting process, thus binding,compressing
the biomss to form into high density briquettes.
During this process, no binder need to be used. So the ouput briquette
is a type of clean and green fuel that is ideal for use in furnaces, boilers
and open fires. The density of the briquettes is 1100~1300kg/m.
Briquetes de Biomassa 
Briquetting enables a substantial volume reduction so that briquetted
material ends up with approximately two-thirds of the energy content of
coal on a volume basis. It is a much less expensive operation than
pelleting because it requires approximately 70% less energy to process
material and operating costs are substantially lower (primarily because
pellet mills use dies which have a short life span and are expensive to 
replace).
In the case of briquetted material, densification is done under great
pressure through one hole (rather than at a lower pressure through
hundreds of holes as in the case of a pelleting). Briquetting can take
the form of either solid logs to replace firewood or be sliced into 4 cm 
lengths in the shape of a hockey puck. 
Under the high pressure necessary for briquetting, the natural resins in 
the plant material act as a "glue" to keep the material held together in 
its cylindrical shape.
Briquetes de Biomassa 
Biomass briquettes are made of various sorts of raw material including
rice husk, bagasse, groundnut shells etc. There is an increasing use of
biomass briquettes as industries realize the benefits of containing
pollution with favorable economics. Briquettes provide higher calorific
value per dollar than coal used for firing industrial boilers. However in 
the long run, briquettes can only limit the use of coal to a small extent, 
but it is increasingly being pursued by industries and factories all over 
the world.
In India alone there are thousands of companies that have converted
their coal-based boilers to fire biomass briquettes.
Briquetes
Pó de Serra
Carvão de Casca Arroz
Carvão Vegetal
Carvão de Casca Côco Carvão Mineral
Briquetes Briquetes
Briquetadeira Manual Briquetadeira Manual
Briquetes de Biomassa
SOLO 50 DUO 100 MAX 350
Materiais Palha, cereais, esterco, serragem ou sua mistura
Diametro 2 a 5 cm 2 a 5 cm 1 cm
Umidade 15 a 30% 15 a 30% 12% max.14%
Produto Biquete contínuo d 70mm Biquete contínuo d 70mm Biquete contínuo d 60mm
Produção 40-50 kg/h 80-100 kg/h 350-500 kg/h
Consumo 3 kW 6,6 kW 24 kW
Briquetes de Biomassa
Briquetes de Biomassa Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal
Constituintes dos Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal
- Carvão vegetal (Combustível)
- Calcário (corante de cinzas)
- Polvilho (aglomerante)
- Borax (retardante de chama)
- Pó de serra.
Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal
Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal
Technical Date of YPC500 Briquette Press
Output Capacity: 9000 pieces of briquettes per hour (for briquettes of 10g)
Shape of products: Round, Square, Rectangle, Cube shape
Power: 7.5 kW
Size: 1200×900×1500 mm
Weight: 2500 kg
Shelf life: 6 years
Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal
Technical Date of TFCX150 Charcoal Extruder
Output:150 kg/h
Motor Power:5.5 kW
Diameter of finished charcoal stick: 15-65 mm
Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal
Briquetting
* 4 Charcoal, and minor ingredients such as the starch binder are 
fed in the proper proportions into a paddle mixer, where they are 
thoroughly blended. At this point, the material has about a 35% 
moisture content, giving it a consistency somewhat like damp
topsoil.
* 5 The blended material is dropped into a press consisting of two
opposing rollers containing briquette-sized indentations. Because of
the moisture content, the binding agent, the temperature(about 105°
F or 40° C), and the pressure from the rollers, the briquettes hold
their shape as they drop out the bottom of the press.
* 6 The briquettes drop onto a conveyor, which carries them
through a single-pass dryer that heats them to about 275° F (135° C) 
for three to four hours, reducing their moisture content to around 5%. 
Briquettes can be produced at a rate of 2,200-20,000 lb (1-9 metric
tons) per hour. The briquettes are either bagged immediately or
stored in silos to await the next scheduled packaging run.
Briquetes de Carvão Vegetal
Sistema Industrial de Briquetagem 4-30TPH Agico
Moinho BriquetadeiraBriquetes de Carvão Vegetal
Sistema Industrial de Briquetagem Shisha GCZ26
Dies(sets): 40
Max pressure: 100 kN
Dia. of Tablet: 10-60 mm
Thickness. of Tablet: 5-16 mm
Max. Production capacity: 21000 
tablets/hour
Moisture of charcoal dust before
pessing: 6%
Overall size: 1100×940×1800 mm 
Motor: 7.5 kW
Main machine weight: 1800 kg
Peletização
Pelletizing is the process of making waste materials into solid fuel. The
objects are used for burning purposes. Wood Pellet can be made from any
type of Agro-Forestry waste: Groundnut-shell Sugarcane Biogases Caster
Shells/Stalk Saw dust Coffee Husk Paddy Straw Sunflower Stalk Cotton
Stalks Tobacco waste Mustard Stalk Jute waste Bamboo Dust Tea waste
Wheat Straw Palm husk Soybeans husk Coir Pitch Barks/Straws Rice
Husks Forestry wastes Wood Chips and many other Agro wastes.
Peletização
Planta de Peletização Peletização
Prensas KAHL 12 modelos
Diam. matriz: 175-1250 mm
Motor: 3-400 kW
Diam. Rolo: 130-450 mm
Diam. Pellet: 2-40 mm
1) O produto é alimentado por 
gravidade. Uma grande câmara evita 
bloqueios.
2) Baixa velocidade do rolo (2,5 m/s) 
assegura uma boa desaeração do 
produto.
3) Devido a baixa velocidade o ruído 
é inferior a 70 db
4) A grande camada de produtos 
entre o rolo e a matriz garante uma 
fácil compactação, mesmo com 
produtos com dificuldade de 
peletizar.
5) A folga do rolo pode ser ajustada, 
de modo a controlar a qualidade do 
pellet.
Peletizadora Portátil
Small Biomass Pelleting Plant with Capacity 100-500 kg/h is developed to 
meet with the family use which is made up of Hammer Mill, Mixer, Screw
Conveyor, Conditioner, Flat Pellet Press, Grade Sieve and Cooler.
Planta de Peletização
Planta de Peletização
Small Biomass Pelleting Plant with Capacity 100-500 kg/h is developed to 
meet with the family use which is made up of Hammer Mill, Dryer, Mixer, 
Screw Conveyor, Conditioner, Flat Pellet Press, Grade Sieve and Cooler.
Fim