LIFF01_ingles_foneticaefonologia_texto_1

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PHONEME AND GRAPHEME 
Phoneme 
(sound) 
Examples Graphemes 
(written 
patterns) 
Phoneme 
(sound) 
Examples Graphemes 
(written 
patterns) 
/b/ banana, 
bubbles 
b, bb /s/ sun, mouse s, ss, ce, se, 
c, sc 
/c/ car, duck c, k, ck, q, ch /t/ turtle, little t, tt 
/d/ dinosaur, 
puddle 
d, dd, /v/ volcano, 
halve 
v , ve 
/f/ fish, giraffe f, ff, ph, gh /w/ watch, queen w, wh, u 
/g/ guitar, goggles g, gg, /x/ fox x 
/h/ helicopter h /y/ yo-yo y 
/j/ jellyfish, 
fridge 
j, g, dge, ge /z/ zip, please z, zz, ze, s, 
se 
/l/ leaf, bell l, ll, le /sh/ shoes, 
television 
sh, ch, si, ti 
/m/ monkey, 
hammer 
m, mm, mb /ch/ children, 
stitch 
ch, tch 
/n/ nail, knot n, nn, kn /th/ mother th 
/p/ pumpkin, 
puppets 
p, pp /th/ thong th 
/r/ rain, write r, rr, wr /ng/ sing, ankle ng, n 
 
T.S.W. Hints on Pronunciation for Foreigners 
The following poem is less an introduction to the system of English 
pronunciation than a demonstration of the seemingly chaotic relationship 
between spelling and pronunciation in English. 
 
I take it you already know 
Of tough and bough and cough and dough? 
Others may stumble, but not you 
On hiccough, thorough, slough, and through? 
Well done! And now you wish, perhaps 
To learn of less familiar traps? 
 
Beware of heard, a dreadful word 
That looks like beard and sounds like bird. 
And dead; it's said like bed, not bead; 
 
 
For goodness sake, don't call it deed! 
Watch out for meat and great and threat, 
(they rhyme with suite and straight and debt) 
A moth is not a moth in mother. 
Nor both in bother, broth in brother. 
 
And here is not a match for there. 
And dear and fear for bear and pear. 
And then there's dose and rose and lose - 
Just look them up -- and goose and choose. 
And cork and work and card and ward, 
And font and front and word and sword. 
And do and go, then thwart and cart. 
 
Come, come, I've hardly made a start. 
A dreadful language? Why, man alive, 
I'd learned to talk it when I was five, 
And yet to write it, the more I tried, 
I hadn't learned it at fifty-five! 
 
"UFF" tough, enough 
"OFF" cough 
"OW" bough, slough 
"OH" though, dough 
"OR" thought Pronounced "AW" in American English 
"OO" through 
"UH" thorough Pronounced "OH" in American English 
"UP" hiccough variant spelling of "hiccup", though the latter form is 
recommended in both British and US . 
 
For other examples, watch: 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=131GfEv4WVg&feature=related 
http://www.wordhord.com/humor/english-pronunciation-poems/