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OFICINA DE RED. EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
	It is one of the most obvious factors of communication, but it is also one of the most important, since it relates to the beliefs and values of a group.
· What kind of context does the previous information refer to?
		
	
	social context
	
	psychological context
	
	physical context
	 
	cultural context
	
	historical context
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 09:32:10
	
Explicação:
Cultural Context -Cultural context is one of the most obvious factors of communication, but it is also one of the most important. Culture relates to the beliefs and values of a group. The way material is effectively presented to a group of teenage boys will be different from the way it is effectively presented to a group of elderly women. The best way to present information to a group of Wall Street stock brokers will be different than the best way to present that same information to a group of California surfers. It is always critically important that a speaker understand the cultural expectations of the audience.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Synonyms for the term CONTEXT would be:
		
	 
	setting; situation;
	
	climate; atmosphere;
	
	organization; text;
	
	realisation; organization;
	
	realisation; situation;
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 09:34:23
	
Explicação:
A context is the part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning. It refers to the circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting. I could make a statement like, "Put the bulb in". Left on its own it means nothing. What bulb? Where? There's no context.  So I give it a context - "The flower bed is ready for planting. I've dug the hole for the tulips. Put the bulb in." Now it makes sense.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	This TYPE of CONTEXT "refers to the mood and emotions of the audience, as well as the speaker to a lesser extent. How the audience is feeling will have an impact on how the speaker's messages will be received, and how they should be delivered".
· The previous citation best explains:
		
	
	a cultural context
	 
	a psychological context
	
	a social context
	
	a physical context
	
	a historical context
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:19:13
	
Explicação:
Psychological Context -  The psychological context refers to the mood and emotions of the audience, as well as the speaker to a lesser extent. How the audience is feeling will have an impact on how the speaker's messages will be received, and how they should be delivered. For example, if a speaker is making a presentation at a conference with several days of various speakers doing presentations, the psychology of the audience will be different in the morning of the first day than it will in the evening of the last day. The mood following dinner will be different than the mood right before dinner.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	In the following short passage, pick out the transitional words and phrases that are used to provide cohesion. "Very often I must wait weeks and weeks for what you call "inspiration." In the meantime I must sit with my quill pen poised in the air over a sheet of foolscap, in case the divine spark should come like a lightning bolt and knock me off my chair on to my head."
		
	
	to my head
	
	on to my head
	
	foolscap
	 
	in the meantime
	
	must
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:20:23
	
Explicação:
In the meantime: for the present time : until some time in the future 
· You should continue to take the medicine for the meantime.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	"It concerns the ways in which the components of the textual world, i.e. the configuration of concepts and relations which underlie the surface text are mutually accessible and relevant."
· Which STANDARD OF TEXTUALITY does the previous citation refer to?
		
	
	cohesion
	
	acceptability
	
	informativity
	 
	coherence
	
	intentionality
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:20:34
	
Explicação:
According to VAN DIJK, 1976,  the textual world (what the text is about) is made up of concepts and relations. COHERENCE concerns the way in which concepts and relations are mutually accessible and relevant. In other words, a coherent text is one which is easy for us to understand because it is easy for us to make a mental representation of it. Remember that it is possible for a text to be cohesive but not coherent.
 
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Fill in the blank with the correct transitional word or phrase. _________ of the weather, the football game will be played tomorrow.
		
	
	and
	
	furthermore
	
	in addition
	 
	regardless
	
	therefore
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:20:59
	
Explicação:
regardless of = ' irrespective of, without regard to, without reference to, disregarding, without consideration of, discounting, ignoring, notwithstanding, no matter'
"the race will be held on Saturday, regardless of the weather"
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	"A sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech; anything which conveys meaning through the use of signs and refers to anything which is capable of being read or interpreted; products of cultural codes, a coherent complex of signs from one or many sign systems".
· The previous information defines a(n):
		
	 
	text
	
	article
	
	dissertation
	
	essay
	
	monograph paper
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:21:11
	
Explicação:
A text is a sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech. A Text can be anything which conveys meaning through the use of signs. Text refers to anything which is capable of being read or interpreted. Texts are the products of cultural codes, a coherent complex of signs from one or many sign systems, therefore a ballet or play is a text.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	In the following short passage, pick out the transitional words and phrases that are used to provide cohesion. "Margaret Fuller often passes in one breath from forcible reasoning to dreamy vagueness; moreover, her unusually varied culture gives her great command of illustration. Mary Wollstonecraft, on the other hand, is nothing if not rational; she has no erudition, and her grave pages are lit up by no ray of fancy."
		
	
	and, often
	
	lit up
	 
	moreover, on the other hand
	
	nothing
	
	if not
	It is one of the most obvious factors of communication, but it is also one of the most important, since it relates to the beliefs and values of a group.
· What kind of context does the previous information refer to?
		
	
	social context
	
	historical context
	
	physical context
	
	psychological context
	 
	cultural context
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:34:57
	
Explicação:
Cultural Context -Cultural context is one of the most obvious factors of communication, but it is also one of the most important. Culture relates to the beliefs and values of a group. The way material is effectively presented to a group of teenage boys will be different from the way it is effectively presented to a group of elderly women. The best way to present information to a group of Wall Street stock brokers will be different than the best way to present that same information to a group of California surfers. It is always critically important that a speaker understand the cultural expectations of the audience.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	This TYPE of CONTEXT "refers to the mood and emotions of the audience, as well as the speaker to a lesser extent. How the audience is feeling will have an impact on how the speaker's messages will be received, and how they should be delivered".
· The previous citation best explains:
		
	
	a social context
	 
	a psychological context
	
	a physical context
	
	a cultural context
	
	a historical context
	Respondido em 19/08/202111:37:01
	
Explicação:
Psychological Context -  The psychological context refers to the mood and emotions of the audience, as well as the speaker to a lesser extent. How the audience is feeling will have an impact on how the speaker's messages will be received, and how they should be delivered. For example, if a speaker is making a presentation at a conference with several days of various speakers doing presentations, the psychology of the audience will be different in the morning of the first day than it will in the evening of the last day. The mood following dinner will be different than the mood right before dinner.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	"A sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech; anything which conveys meaning through the use of signs and refers to anything which is capable of being read or interpreted; products of cultural codes, a coherent complex of signs from one or many sign systems".
· The previous information defines a(n):
		
	
	monograph paper
	
	essay
	
	dissertation
	
	article
	 
	text
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:38:04
	
Explicação:
A text is a sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech. A Text can be anything which conveys meaning through the use of signs. Text refers to anything which is capable of being read or interpreted. Texts are the products of cultural codes, a coherent complex of signs from one or many sign systems, therefore a ballet or play is a text.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	In the following short passage, pick out the transitional words and phrases that are used to provide cohesion. "Very often I must wait weeks and weeks for what you call "inspiration." In the meantime I must sit with my quill pen poised in the air over a sheet of foolscap, in case the divine spark should come like a lightning bolt and knock me off my chair on to my head."
		
	
	to my head
	
	on to my head
	
	must
	
	foolscap
	 
	in the meantime
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:38:14
	
Explicação:
In the meantime: for the present time : until some time in the future 
· You should continue to take the medicine for the meantime.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	"It concerns the ways in which the components of the textual world, i.e. the configuration of concepts and relations which underlie the surface text are mutually accessible and relevant."
· Which STANDARD OF TEXTUALITY does the previous citation refer to?
		
	 
	coherence
	
	intentionality
	
	cohesion
	
	acceptability
	
	informativity
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:38:22
	
Explicação:
According to VAN DIJK, 1976,  the textual world (what the text is about) is made up of concepts and relations. COHERENCE concerns the way in which concepts and relations are mutually accessible and relevant. In other words, a coherent text is one which is easy for us to understand because it is easy for us to make a mental representation of it. Remember that it is possible for a text to be cohesive but not coherent.
 
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Fill in the blank with the correct transitional word or phrase. _________ of the weather, the football game will be played tomorrow.
		
	
	furthermore
	 
	regardless
	
	and
	
	in addition
	
	therefore
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:39:00
	
Explicação:
regardless of = ' irrespective of, without regard to, without reference to, disregarding, without consideration of, discounting, ignoring, notwithstanding, no matter'
"the race will be held on Saturday, regardless of the weather"
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Synonyms for the term CONTEXT would be:
		
	
	organization; text;
	 
	setting; situation;
	
	climate; atmosphere;
	
	realisation; organization;
	
	realisation; situation;
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:39:08
	
Explicação:
A context is the part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning. It refers to the circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting. I could make a statement like, "Put the bulb in". Left on its own it means nothing. What bulb? Where? There's no context.  So I give it a context - "The flower bed is ready for planting. I've dug the hole for the tulips. Put the bulb in." Now it makes sense.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	In the following short passage, pick out the transitional words and phrases that are used to provide cohesion. "Margaret Fuller often passes in one breath from forcible reasoning to dreamy vagueness; moreover, her unusually varied culture gives her great command of illustration. Mary Wollstonecraft, on the other hand, is nothing if not rational; she has no erudition, and her grave pages are lit up by no ray of fancy."
		
	
	if not
	 
	moreover, on the other hand
	
	and, often
	
	lit up
	
	nothing
	Which of the following is not related to the text context of Van dij VAN DIJK (1977)?
		
	
	Text refers to anything which is capable of being read or interpreted.
	
	Texts are the products of cultural codes, a coherent complex of signs from one or many sign systems, therefore a ballet or play is a text.
	
	A text is a sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech.
	 
	A text is a heap of words without a link, which does not depend on a context to be understood.
	
	A text can be anything which conveys meaning through the use of signs.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 06:39:11
	
Explicação:
	 
A text depends on a contex to be understood. It is the part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning. It refers to the circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting.
 
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	In the following short passage, pick out the transitional words and phrases that are used to provide cohesion. "Margaret Fuller often passes in one breath from forcible reasoning to dreamy vagueness; moreover, her unusually varied culture gives her great command of illustration. Mary Wollstonecraft, on the other hand, is nothing if not rational; she has no erudition, and her grave pages are lit up by no ray of fancy."
		
	
	nothing
	
	lit up
	 
	moreover, on the other hand
	
	and, often
	
	if not
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 06:42:57
	
Explicação:
 
moreover = adv. Beyond what has been stated; besides; furthermore
on the other hand = As another point of view; from another standpoint.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
The children will be walking to the cathedral and therefore will need to wear suitable footwear and a sun hat or raincoat, depending on the weather.
► The highlighted element in the text conveys the semantic relation of:
		
	
	Contrast
	
	Place
	
	Time
	
	Addition
	 
	Result
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 06:44:57
	
Explicação:
The connector therefore is synonymous of for that reason, which related to the establishment of cause relations.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	"There is a time and place for everything". Consequently, this type of context involves the actual location, the time of day, the lighting, noise level and related factors.
· We can consider the previous information to be related to a specific type of context. Which one?
		
	
	cultural
	
	psychological
	
	social
	
	historical
	 
	physical
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 06:47:06
	
Explicação:
Physical Context - There is a time and place for everything, and that is where physical context comes in. The physical context involves the actual location, the time of day, the lighting, noise level and related factors. A speaker at a political rally might shout, pound the podium and use inflammatory language to get an audience excited. At many political rallies, this type of behavior is expected. Doing the same thing with a small group of friends around a fireplace late at night would producea very different reaction.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	This TYPE of CONTEXT "involves the expectation of the speaker and the audience in situations that happen regularly or have happened in the past".
· The previous citation refers to:
 
		
	
	cultural context
	
	physical context
	
	psychological context
	 
	historical context
	
	social context
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 06:49:04
	
Explicação:
Historical Context - The historical context involves the expectation of the speaker and the audience in situations that happen regularly or have happened in the past. If, for example, an individual does an annual sales presentation for a particular client there will, over time, evolve certain expectations about what will happen and how things will go. That does not mean that the same thing must happen every time, but the speaker should be aware of both their own historical expectations and that of the audience.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	According to HALLIDAY &  HASAN (1976), the ties that bind a discourse or a text together are called cohesive ties (links or devices), which include the following elements, EXCEPT:
		
	 
	metaphors
	
	reference
	
	ellipsis
	
	lexical relations
	
	substitution
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 06:51:53
	
Explicação:
According to HALLIDAY &  HASAN, 1976, the ties that bind a discourse or a text together are called cohesive ties (links or devices), which include:
1. Reference
2. Substitution
3. Ellipsis
4. Lexical relationships
5. Conjunctive relations
 
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	"A sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech; anything which conveys meaning through the use of signs and refers to anything which is capable of being read or interpreted; products of cultural codes, a coherent complex of signs from one or many sign systems".
· The previous information defines a(n):
		
	 
	text
	
	essay
	
	article
	
	dissertation
	
	monograph paper
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 06:53:52
	
Explicação:
A text is a sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech. A Text can be anything which conveys meaning through the use of signs. Text refers to anything which is capable of being read or interpreted. Texts are the products of cultural codes, a coherent complex of signs from one or many sign systems, therefore a ballet or play is a text.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
Peter tried every means possible. However1, he2 could not steer the boat out of the storm.
► The highlighted elements above exemplify, respectively, two cases of cohesion. Which ones?
		
	
	Lexical Cohesion (repetition) and Lexical Cohesion (synonym)
	
	Lexical Cohesion (hypernym) and Grammatical Cohesion (personal)
	
	Grammatical Cohesion (demonstrative) and Grammatical Cohesion (ellipsis)
	
	Lexical Cohesion (reiteration) and Lexical-Grammatical Cohesion (conjunction)
	 
	Lexical-Grammatical Cohesion (conjunction) and Grammatical Cohesion (personal)
	Which of the following is not related to the text context of Van dij VAN DIJK (1977)?
		
	
	Text refers to anything which is capable of being read or interpreted.
	
	A text can be anything which conveys meaning through the use of signs.
	 
	A text is a heap of words without a link, which does not depend on a context to be understood.
	
	Texts are the products of cultural codes, a coherent complex of signs from one or many sign systems, therefore a ballet or play is a text.
	
	A text is a sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:31:32
	
Explicação:
	 
A text depends on a contex to be understood. It is the part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning. It refers to the circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting.
 
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
The children will be walking to the cathedral and therefore will need to wear suitable footwear and a sun hat or raincoat, depending on the weather.
► The highlighted element in the text conveys the semantic relation of:
		
	
	Contrast
	
	Place
	 
	Result
	
	Time
	
	Addition
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:31:40
	
Explicação:
The connector therefore is synonymous of for that reason, which related to the establishment of cause relations.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	"There is a time and place for everything". Consequently, this type of context involves the actual location, the time of day, the lighting, noise level and related factors.
· We can consider the previous information to be related to a specific type of context. Which one?
		
	
	cultural
	
	historical
	
	social
	 
	physical
	
	psychological
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:32:04
	
Explicação:
Physical Context - There is a time and place for everything, and that is where physical context comes in. The physical context involves the actual location, the time of day, the lighting, noise level and related factors. A speaker at a political rally might shout, pound the podium and use inflammatory language to get an audience excited. At many political rallies, this type of behavior is expected. Doing the same thing with a small group of friends around a fireplace late at night would produce a very different reaction.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	This TYPE of CONTEXT "involves the expectation of the speaker and the audience in situations that happen regularly or have happened in the past".
· The previous citation refers to:
 
		
	
	psychological context
	
	social context
	 
	historical context
	
	cultural context
	
	physical context
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:32:26
	
Explicação:
Historical Context - The historical context involves the expectation of the speaker and the audience in situations that happen regularly or have happened in the past. If, for example, an individual does an annual sales presentation for a particular client there will, over time, evolve certain expectations about what will happen and how things will go. That does not mean that the same thing must happen every time, but the speaker should be aware of both their own historical expectations and that of the audience.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
Peter tried every means possible. However1, he2 could not steer the boat out of the storm.
► The highlighted elements above exemplify, respectively, two cases of cohesion. Which ones?
		
	
	Lexical Cohesion (reiteration) and Lexical-Grammatical Cohesion (conjunction)
	
	Grammatical Cohesion (demonstrative) and Grammatical Cohesion (ellipsis)
	 
	Lexical-Grammatical Cohesion (conjunction) and Grammatical Cohesion (personal)
	
	Lexical Cohesion (hypernym) and Grammatical Cohesion (personal)
	
	Lexical Cohesion (repetition) and Lexical Cohesion (synonym)
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:32:37
	
Explicação:
Based on the text content, we can see use of a conjunction and a personal pronoun.
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	According to HALLIDAY &  HASAN (1976), the ties that bind a discourse or a text together are called cohesive ties (links or devices), which include the following elements, EXCEPT:
		
	
	lexical relations
	
	substitution
	
	ellipsis
	
	reference
	 
	metaphors
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:33:00
	
Explicação:
According to HALLIDAY &  HASAN, 1976, the ties that bind a discourse or a text together are called cohesive ties (links or devices), which include:
1. Reference
2. Substitution
3. Ellipsis
4. Lexical relationships
5. Conjunctive relations
 
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Synonyms for the term CONTEXT would be:
		
	 
	setting; situation;
	
	organization; text;
	
	realisation; organization;
	
	climate; atmosphere;
	
	realisation;situation;
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:33:12
	
Explicação:
A context is the part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning. It refers to the circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting. I could make a statement like, "Put the bulb in". Left on its own it means nothing. What bulb? Where? There's no context.  So I give it a context - "The flower bed is ready for planting. I've dug the hole for the tulips. Put the bulb in." Now it makes sense.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	In the following short passage, pick out the transitional words and phrases that are used to provide cohesion. "Margaret Fuller often passes in one breath from forcible reasoning to dreamy vagueness; moreover, her unusually varied culture gives her great command of illustration. Mary Wollstonecraft, on the other hand, is nothing if not rational; she has no erudition, and her grave pages are lit up by no ray of fancy."
		
	 
	moreover, on the other hand
	
	if not
	
	nothing
	
	lit up
	
	and, often
	Select the choice that best represents the topic of the paragraph. "You've probably heard that older men die before older women virtually everywhere in the world. In the United States, women are expected to live an average of 80.4 years, while men live only 75.2 years. Sociologists attribute many factors to this trend. For example, men have higher testosterone levels than women, which may make men more likely to abuse alcohol and tobacco, drive aggressively, and engage in other life-threatening behaviors. Men also choose riskier types of work and become involved in wartime aggression, which are connected to men¿s decreased life expectancy. Studies also show that women are less likely to experience life-threatening illnesses and health problems than men are."
		
	
	men and risky behaviors
	
	testosterone and age
	 
	men's life expectancy
	
	older men die before women
	
	women's health
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:39:49
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
You've probably heard that older men die before older women virtually everywhere in the world. In the United States, women are expected to live an average of 80.4 years, while men live only 75.2 years. 
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Read the following paragraph and determine its topic and the stated main idea sentence: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers. The final episode of the show garnered the biggest audience share among 18- to 49-year olds that the network has ever had. Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported. In fact, many popular U.S. TV shows originated overseas. These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain . Other examples include Survivor, imported from Sweden; Big Brother , based on a Dutch series of the same name; and TLC's Trading Spaces, based on the British series, Changing Rooms.
		
	
	TOPIC: American Idol. MAIN IDEA: By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
	 
	TOPIC: popular U.S. TV shows. MAIN IDEA: These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain
	
	TOPIC: British quiz shows MAIN IDEA: In fact, many U.S. TV shows have first originated overseas.
	
	TOPIC:Unknown American music shows MAIN IDEA: Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported.
	
	TOPIC: big programming surprises. MAIN IDEA: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:40:02
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto a seguir:
Entende-se que tal propriedade textual é marcada pelo traço de interpretabilidade. Por conseguinte, (1) ________________ diz respeito à construção do sentido textual, seja na perspectiva de produção pelo locutor, seja na recepção da codificação linguística pelo interlocutor. Assim sendo, (2) ____________________ trata da possiblidade, e mesmo da necessidade, de atribuição de sentido às produções textuais, condição básica para que essas produções sejam entendidas e assumidas como tais. Por fim, (3) _____________ engloba três domínios: o linguístico, o pragmático e o extralinguístico.
(Adaptado de: Oliveira, 2010)
► O texto acima faz referência a elemento fundamental para que os parágrafos de um texto sejam produzidos adequadamente. Com isso em mente, qual das opções a seguir completa os itens (1) e (2)?
		
	 
	Coerência
	
	Inferência
	
	Coesão
	
	Sintaxe
	
	Gramática
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:40:19
	
Explicação:
A coerência refere-se ao modo como a continuidade de sentido é estabelecida e mantida. A coerência também pode ser descrita como a maneira como o texto se encadeia semântica, pragmática e tematicamente; já que sua constituição não é imanente ao texto, mas realizada por inferência.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	According to VAN DIJK (1997), "this element  is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain. Discovering this element is the first step in reading for meaning".
· Considering the basic elements of a paragraph, what does the previous citation refer to?
		
	
	conclusion
	
	development
	
	supporting details
	 
	topic
	
	secondary ideas
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:42:35
	
Explicação:
According to VAN DIJK (1997), the topic of a passage is like the topic of a conversation.  It is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Select the statement that best expresses the main idea. "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
		
	
	The federal, state and local taxes.
	
	Taxes are much too high.
	
	Some taxes are hidden.
	 
	We pay more taxes than we may realize.
	
	Inheritance taxes and real estate taxes are unfair.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:42:51
	
Explicação:
 "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
According to BEAUGRANDE, R.& DRESSLER, W. (1981), the main idea of a passage is the core of the material, the particular point the author is trying to convey. The main idea of a passage can be stated in one sentence that condenses specific ideas or details in the passage into a general, all inclusive statement of the author¿s message. Whether you read a single paragraph, a chapter, or an entire book, many experts agree that your most important single task is to understandthe main idea of what you read. A main idea is always a complete sentence that states an important point about the topic. That¿s why you can often find the topic in the main idea sentence. Main ideas are  never questions; they¿re always statements.
 
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Dear Editor
 
I am writing with regards to the article ''Is the TV Dead?'' that appeared in your newspaper on the 4th March. The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives.
I find it very difficult to agree with this view. The TV is still the main way most of us get our entertainment at home. It offers us the chance to see top musical artists, great films and documentaries and occasionally, thanks to important televised events, it has the power to bring the whole nation and all ages together in a way the Internet never could.
[...]
 Yours sincerely
Samantha Johnson
 Why is the person writing this letter to the newspaper?
		
	
	to encourage people to watch more TV
	
	to persuade people to not use the Internet
	 
	to offer a different point of view
	
	to buy products
	
	to make a complaint
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:43:10
	
Explicação:
To offer a different point of view = 
The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives.
I find it very difficult to agree with this view.
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto a seguir:
Esta propriedade, uma das mais fundamentais para o estabelecimento da textualidade, diz respeito à unidade semântico-sintática que deve marcar a produção textual. Portanto, (1)________________ pode ser definida como o conjunto de estratégias de sequencialização responsável pelas ligações linguísticas relevantes entre os constituintes articulados do texto. Essas ligações podem ocorrer tanto no nível semântico, referentes aos sentidos veiculados, como no nível sintático, relativo às questões de ordenação desses constituintes. Consequentemente, (2) ____________________ obtém-se por intermédio da ativação do sistema léxico-gramatical.
(Adaptado de: Oliveira, 2010)
► O texto acima faz referência a elemento fundamental para que os parágrafos de um texto sejam redigidos adequadamente. Com isso em mente, qual das opções a seguir completa os itens (1) e (2)?
		
	 
	Coesão
	
	Coerência
	
	Inferência
	
	Gramática
	
	Sintaxe
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:43:29
	
Explicação:
Por definição, a coesão refere-se ao modo como os elementos superficiais de um texto, tais como os elementos lexicais e os elementos gramaticais, se conectam de forma a garantir a continuidade.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	A paragraph is a group of related sentences that develop a main thought, or idea, about a single topic. The structure of a paragraph is not complex. How many basic elements are there?
		
	 
	3
	
	1
	
	4
	
	5
	
	2
	Read each paragraph and determine its topic and the stated main idea sentence: Passing fears are common in early childhood. Many 2- to 4-year-olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs. By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark. Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.
		
	
	TOPIC: courage - MAIN IDEA: Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs.
	
	TOPIC: common fears - MAIN IDEA: Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.
	
	TOPIC: two-to-four year olds fear of animals - MAIN IDEA: By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
	
	TOPIC: fear - MAIN IDEA: Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs.
	 
	TOPIC: passing fears - MAIN IDEA: Passing fears are common in early childhood.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:45:30
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	A paragraph is a group of related sentences that develop a main thought, or idea, about a single topic. The structure of a paragraph is not complex. How many basic elements are there?
		
	
	5
	
	4
	 
	3
	
	2
	
	1
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:47:21
	
Explicação:
The structure of a paragraph is not complex. There are usually three basic elements:
· a topic;
· a main idea, or topic sentence;
· supporting details.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Read the following paragraph and determine its topic and the stated main idea sentence: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers. The final episode of the show garnered the biggest audience share among 18- to 49-year olds that the network has ever had. Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported. In fact, many popular U.S. TV shows originated overseas. These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain . Other examples include Survivor, imported from Sweden; Big Brother , based on a Dutch series of the same name; and TLC's Trading Spaces, based on the British series, Changing Rooms.
		
	
	TOPIC: British quiz shows MAIN IDEA: In fact, many U.S. TV shows have first originated overseas.
	 
	TOPIC: popular U.S. TV shows. MAIN IDEA: These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain
	
	TOPIC: American Idol. MAIN IDEA: By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
	
	TOPIC: big programming surprises. MAIN IDEA: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers.
	
	TOPIC:Unknown American music shows MAIN IDEA: Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:47:41
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto a seguir:
Entende-se que tal propriedade textual é marcada pelo traço de interpretabilidade. Por conseguinte, (1) ________________ diz respeito à construção do sentido textual, seja na perspectiva de produção pelo locutor, seja na recepção da codificação linguística pelo interlocutor. Assim sendo, (2) ____________________ trata da possiblidade, e mesmo da necessidade, de atribuição de sentido às produções textuais, condição básica para que essas produções sejam entendidas e assumidas como tais. Por fim, (3) _____________ engloba três domínios: o linguístico, o pragmático e o extralinguístico.
(Adaptado de: Oliveira, 2010)
► O texto acima faz referência a elemento fundamental para que os parágrafos de um texto sejam produzidos adequadamente. Com isso em mente, qual das opções a seguir completa os itens (1) e (2)?
		
	
	Sintaxe
	
	Inferência
	 
	Coerência
	
	Gramática
	
	Coesão
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:48:00
	
Explicação:
A coerência refere-se ao modo como a continuidade de sentido é estabelecida e mantida. A coerência também pode ser descrita como a maneira como o texto se encadeia semântica, pragmática e tematicamente; já que sua constituição não é imanente ao texto, mas realizada por inferência.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	According to VAN DIJK (1997), "this element  is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain. Discovering this element is the first step in reading for meaning".
· Considering the basicelements of a paragraph, what does the previous citation refer to?
		
	
	conclusion
	 
	topic
	
	supporting details
	
	secondary ideas
	
	development
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:48:22
	
Explicação:
According to VAN DIJK (1997), the topic of a passage is like the topic of a conversation.  It is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Select the statement that best expresses the main idea. "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
		
	
	The federal, state and local taxes.
	
	Inheritance taxes and real estate taxes are unfair.
	
	Some taxes are hidden.
	 
	We pay more taxes than we may realize.
	
	Taxes are much too high.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:48:37
	
Explicação:
 "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
According to BEAUGRANDE, R.& DRESSLER, W. (1981), the main idea of a passage is the core of the material, the particular point the author is trying to convey. The main idea of a passage can be stated in one sentence that condenses specific ideas or details in the passage into a general, all inclusive statement of the author¿s message. Whether you read a single paragraph, a chapter, or an entire book, many experts agree that your most important single task is to understand the main idea of what you read. A main idea is always a complete sentence that states an important point about the topic. That¿s why you can often find the topic in the main idea sentence. Main ideas are  never questions; they¿re always statements.
 
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Dear Editor
 
I am writing with regards to the article ''Is the TV Dead?'' that appeared in your newspaper on the 4th March. The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives.
I find it very difficult to agree with this view. The TV is still the main way most of us get our entertainment at home. It offers us the chance to see top musical artists, great films and documentaries and occasionally, thanks to important televised events, it has the power to bring the whole nation and all ages together in a way the Internet never could.
[...]
 Yours sincerely
Samantha Johnson
 Why is the person writing this letter to the newspaper?
		
	
	to buy products
	
	to make a complaint
	
	to encourage people to watch more TV
	 
	to offer a different point of view
	
	to persuade people to not use the Internet
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:48:50
	
Explicação:
To offer a different point of view = 
The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives.
I find it very difficult to agree with this view.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto a seguir:
Esta propriedade, uma das mais fundamentais para o estabelecimento da textualidade, diz respeito à unidade semântico-sintática que deve marcar a produção textual. Portanto, (1)________________ pode ser definida como o conjunto de estratégias de sequencialização responsável pelas ligações linguísticas relevantes entre os constituintes articulados do texto. Essas ligações podem ocorrer tanto no nível semântico, referentes aos sentidos veiculados, como no nível sintático, relativo às questões de ordenação desses constituintes. Consequentemente, (2) ____________________ obtém-se por intermédio da ativação do sistema léxico-gramatical.
(Adaptado de: Oliveira, 2010)
► O texto acima faz referência a elemento fundamental para que os parágrafos de um texto sejam redigidos adequadamente. Com isso em mente, qual das opções a seguir completa os itens (1) e (2)?
		
	
	Sintaxe
	
	Coerência
	
	Gramática
	
	Inferência
	 
	Coesão
	Select the choice that best represents the topic of the paragraph. "You've probably heard that older men die before older women virtually everywhere in the world. In the United States, women are expected to live an average of 80.4 years, while men live only 75.2 years. Sociologists attribute many factors to this trend. For example, men have higher testosterone levels than women, which may make men more likely to abuse alcohol and tobacco, drive aggressively, and engage in other life-threatening behaviors. Men also choose riskier types of work and become involved in wartime aggression, which are connected to men¿s decreased life expectancy. Studies also show that women are less likely to experience life-threatening illnesses and health problems than men are."
		
	
	women's health
	
	older men die before women
	
	testosterone and age
	
	men and risky behaviors
	 
	men's life expectancy
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:49:43
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
You've probably heard that older men die before older women virtually everywhere in the world. In the United States, women are expected to live an average of 80.4 years, while men live only 75.2 years. 
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Read each paragraph and determine its topic and the stated main idea sentence: Passing fears are common in early childhood. Many 2- to 4-year-olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs. By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark. Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.
		
	
	TOPIC: fear - MAIN IDEA: Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs.
	
	TOPIC: courage - MAIN IDEA: Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs.
	
	TOPIC: two-to-four year olds fear of animals - MAIN IDEA: By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
	
	TOPIC: common fears - MAIN IDEA: Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.
	 
	TOPIC: passing fears - MAIN IDEA: Passing fears are common in early childhood.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:50:00
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Read the following paragraph and determine its topic and the stated main idea sentence: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers. The final episode of the show garnered the biggest audience share among 18- to 49-year olds that the network has ever had. Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported. In fact, many popular U.S. TV shows originated overseas. These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain . Other examples include Survivor, imported from Sweden; Big Brother , based on a Dutch series of the same name; and TLC's Trading Spaces, based on the British series, Changing Rooms.
		
	
	TOPIC:Unknown American music shows MAIN IDEA: Based on a British series calledPop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported.
	 
	TOPIC: popular U.S. TV shows. MAIN IDEA: These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain
	
	TOPIC: big programming surprises. MAIN IDEA: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers.
	
	TOPIC: American Idol. MAIN IDEA: By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
	
	TOPIC: British quiz shows MAIN IDEA: In fact, many U.S. TV shows have first originated overseas.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:50:12
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto a seguir:
Entende-se que tal propriedade textual é marcada pelo traço de interpretabilidade. Por conseguinte, (1) ________________ diz respeito à construção do sentido textual, seja na perspectiva de produção pelo locutor, seja na recepção da codificação linguística pelo interlocutor. Assim sendo, (2) ____________________ trata da possiblidade, e mesmo da necessidade, de atribuição de sentido às produções textuais, condição básica para que essas produções sejam entendidas e assumidas como tais. Por fim, (3) _____________ engloba três domínios: o linguístico, o pragmático e o extralinguístico.
(Adaptado de: Oliveira, 2010)
► O texto acima faz referência a elemento fundamental para que os parágrafos de um texto sejam produzidos adequadamente. Com isso em mente, qual das opções a seguir completa os itens (1) e (2)?
		
	 
	Coerência
	
	Coesão
	
	Sintaxe
	
	Gramática
	
	Inferência
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:50:35
	
Explicação:
A coerência refere-se ao modo como a continuidade de sentido é estabelecida e mantida. A coerência também pode ser descrita como a maneira como o texto se encadeia semântica, pragmática e tematicamente; já que sua constituição não é imanente ao texto, mas realizada por inferência.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	According to VAN DIJK (1997), "this element  is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain. Discovering this element is the first step in reading for meaning".
· Considering the basic elements of a paragraph, what does the previous citation refer to?
		
	 
	topic
	
	conclusion
	
	development
	
	secondary ideas
	
	supporting details
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:50:45
	
Explicação:
According to VAN DIJK (1997), the topic of a passage is like the topic of a conversation.  It is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Select the statement that best expresses the main idea. "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
		
	
	The federal, state and local taxes.
	
	Inheritance taxes and real estate taxes are unfair.
	 
	We pay more taxes than we may realize.
	
	Some taxes are hidden.
	
	Taxes are much too high.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:51:10
	
Explicação:
 "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
According to BEAUGRANDE, R.& DRESSLER, W. (1981), the main idea of a passage is the core of the material, the particular point the author is trying to convey. The main idea of a passage can be stated in one sentence that condenses specific ideas or details in the passage into a general, all inclusive statement of the author¿s message. Whether you read a single paragraph, a chapter, or an entire book, many experts agree that your most important single task is to understand the main idea of what you read. A main idea is always a complete sentence that states an important point about the topic. That¿s why you can often find the topic in the main idea sentence. Main ideas are  never questions; they¿re always statements.
 
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Dear Editor
 
I am writing with regards to the article ''Is the TV Dead?'' that appeared in your newspaper on the 4th March. The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives.
I find it very difficult to agree with this view. The TV is still the main way most of us get our entertainment at home. It offers us the chance to see top musical artists, great films and documentaries and occasionally, thanks to important televised events, it has the power to bring the whole nation and all ages together in a way the Internet never could.
[...]
 Yours sincerely
Samantha Johnson
 Why is the person writing this letter to the newspaper?
		
	
	to make a complaint
	 
	to offer a different point of view
	
	to encourage people to watch more TV
	
	to persuade people to not use the Internet
	
	to buy products
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:51:26
	
Explicação:
To offer a different point of view = 
The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives.
I find it very difficult to agree with this view.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto a seguir:
Esta propriedade, uma das mais fundamentais para o estabelecimento da textualidade, diz respeito à unidade semântico-sintática que deve marcar a produção textual. Portanto, (1)________________ pode ser definida como o conjunto de estratégias de sequencialização responsável pelas ligações linguísticas relevantes entre os constituintes articulados do texto. Essas ligações podem ocorrer tanto no nível semântico, referentes aos sentidos veiculados, como no nível sintático, relativo às questões de ordenação desses constituintes. Consequentemente, (2) ____________________ obtém-se por intermédio da ativação do sistema léxico-gramatical.
(Adaptado de: Oliveira, 2010)
► O texto acima faz referência a elemento fundamental para que os parágrafos de um texto sejam redigidos adequadamente. Com isso em mente, qual das opções a seguir completa os itens (1) e (2)?
		
	
	Coerência
	
	Inferência
	
	Gramática
	 
	Coesão
	
	Sintaxe
	A paragraph is a group of related sentences that develop a main thought, or idea, about a single topic. The structure of a paragraph is not complex. How many basic elements are there?
		
	
	5
	
	2
	
	4
	 
	3
	
	1
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:52:07
	
Explicação:
The structure of a paragraph is not complex. There are usually three basic elements:
· a topic;
· a main idea, or topic sentence;
· supporting details.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Read the following paragraph and determine its topic and the stated main idea sentence: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers. The final episode of the show garnered the biggest audience share among 18- to 49-year olds that the network has ever had. Based on a British series called Pop Idol, AmericanIdol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported. In fact, many popular U.S. TV shows originated overseas. These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain . Other examples include Survivor, imported from Sweden; Big Brother , based on a Dutch series of the same name; and TLC's Trading Spaces, based on the British series, Changing Rooms.
		
	
	TOPIC: big programming surprises. MAIN IDEA: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers.
	 
	TOPIC: popular U.S. TV shows. MAIN IDEA: These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain
	
	TOPIC:Unknown American music shows MAIN IDEA: Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported.
	
	TOPIC: American Idol. MAIN IDEA: By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
	
	TOPIC: British quiz shows MAIN IDEA: In fact, many U.S. TV shows have first originated overseas.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:52:16
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto a seguir:
Entende-se que tal propriedade textual é marcada pelo traço de interpretabilidade. Por conseguinte, (1) ________________ diz respeito à construção do sentido textual, seja na perspectiva de produção pelo locutor, seja na recepção da codificação linguística pelo interlocutor. Assim sendo, (2) ____________________ trata da possiblidade, e mesmo da necessidade, de atribuição de sentido às produções textuais, condição básica para que essas produções sejam entendidas e assumidas como tais. Por fim, (3) _____________ engloba três domínios: o linguístico, o pragmático e o extralinguístico.
(Adaptado de: Oliveira, 2010)
► O texto acima faz referência a elemento fundamental para que os parágrafos de um texto sejam produzidos adequadamente. Com isso em mente, qual das opções a seguir completa os itens (1) e (2)?
		
	
	Sintaxe
	
	Inferência
	
	Coesão
	
	Gramática
	 
	Coerência
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:52:25
	
Explicação:
A coerência refere-se ao modo como a continuidade de sentido é estabelecida e mantida. A coerência também pode ser descrita como a maneira como o texto se encadeia semântica, pragmática e tematicamente; já que sua constituição não é imanente ao texto, mas realizada por inferência.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	According to VAN DIJK (1997), "this element  is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain. Discovering this element is the first step in reading for meaning".
· Considering the basic elements of a paragraph, what does the previous citation refer to?
		
	
	supporting details
	
	secondary ideas
	
	development
	
	conclusion
	 
	topic
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:52:33
	
Explicação:
According to VAN DIJK (1997), the topic of a passage is like the topic of a conversation.  It is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Select the statement that best expresses the main idea. "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
		
	
	Some taxes are hidden.
	 
	We pay more taxes than we may realize.
	
	Taxes are much too high.
	
	Inheritance taxes and real estate taxes are unfair.
	
	The federal, state and local taxes.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:52:42
	
Explicação:
 "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
According to BEAUGRANDE, R.& DRESSLER, W. (1981), the main idea of a passage is the core of the material, the particular point the author is trying to convey. The main idea of a passage can be stated in one sentence that condenses specific ideas or details in the passage into a general, all inclusive statement of the author¿s message. Whether you read a single paragraph, a chapter, or an entire book, many experts agree that your most important single task is to understand the main idea of what you read. A main idea is always a complete sentence that states an important point about the topic. That¿s why you can often find the topic in the main idea sentence. Main ideas are  never questions; they¿re always statements.
 
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Dear Editor
 
I am writing with regards to the article ''Is the TV Dead?'' that appeared in your newspaper on the 4th March. The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives.
I find it very difficult to agree with this view. The TV is still the main way most of us get our entertainment at home. It offers us the chance to see top musical artists, great films and documentaries and occasionally, thanks to important televised events, it has the power to bring the whole nation and all ages together in a way the Internet never could.
[...]
 Yours sincerely
Samantha Johnson
 Why is the person writing this letter to the newspaper?
		
	 
	to offer a different point of view
	
	to persuade people to not use the Internet
	
	to buy products
	
	to encourage people to watch more TV
	
	to make a complaint
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:52:53
	
Explicação:
To offer a different point of view = 
The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives.
I find it very difficult to agree with this view.
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto a seguir:
Esta propriedade, uma das mais fundamentais para o estabelecimento da textualidade, diz respeito à unidade semântico-sintática que deve marcar a produção textual. Portanto, (1)________________ pode ser definida como o conjunto de estratégias de sequencialização responsável pelas ligações linguísticas relevantes entre os constituintes articulados do texto. Essas ligações podem ocorrer tanto no nível semântico, referentes aos sentidos veiculados, como no nível sintático, relativo às questões de ordenação desses constituintes. Consequentemente, (2) ____________________ obtém-se por intermédio da ativação do sistema léxico-gramatical.
(Adaptado de: Oliveira, 2010)
► O texto acima faz referência a elemento fundamental para que os parágrafos de um texto sejam redigidos adequadamente. Com isso em mente, qual das opções a seguir completa os itens (1) e (2)?
		
	
	Inferência
	
	Coerência
	
	Gramática
	 
	Coesão
	
	Sintaxe
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:53:01
	
Explicação:
Por definição, a coesão refere-se ao modo como os elementos superficiais de um texto, tais como os elementos lexicais e os elementos gramaticais, se conectam de forma a garantir a continuidade.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Select the choice that best represents the topic of the paragraph. "You've probably heard that older men die before older women virtuallyeverywhere in the world. In the United States, women are expected to live an average of 80.4 years, while men live only 75.2 years. Sociologists attribute many factors to this trend. For example, men have higher testosterone levels than women, which may make men more likely to abuse alcohol and tobacco, drive aggressively, and engage in other life-threatening behaviors. Men also choose riskier types of work and become involved in wartime aggression, which are connected to men¿s decreased life expectancy. Studies also show that women are less likely to experience life-threatening illnesses and health problems than men are."
		
	
	men and risky behaviors
	
	testosterone and age
	 
	men's life expectancy
	
	women's health
	
	older men die before women
	You should:
		
	
	look up each word you do not understand when reading a novel in your free time.
	
	look up each word you do not understand when reading any kind of text
	
	understand each and every word when reading a novel in your free time.
	
	look for any kind of information when reading a novel in your free time.
	 
	not worry about understanding each word when reading a novel in your free time.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:59:57
	
Explicação:
Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.
Examples:
· The latest marketing strategy book
· A novel you read before going to bed
· Magazine articles that interest you
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	According to Beale (2007), "this technique is applied by readers when they look over a text quickly to get a general idea of the subject-matter (also called 'gist'). The reader is not interested in all the detail, getting the gist is enough".
· The citation above can be related to the following Reading Strategy:
		
	 
	skimming
	
	intensive reading
	
	scanning
	
	prediction
	
	extensive reading
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 12:00:23
	
Explicação:
Readers skim a text when they look it over quickly to get a general idea of the subject-matter (also called ¿gist¿). The reader is not interested in all the detail, getting the gist is enough. Skimmers run their eye down the page or screen looking for pointers that sum up the contents. Subheadings or bullet points attract their attention, as do the introductory phrases of paragraphs and the concluding ones. In longer texts, skimmers check the contents lists, the opening and closing paragraphs of chapters, and any introductions, conclusions or summaries.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	People are NOT scanning a text effectively when they ________.
		
	 
	read every word in a text
	
	read blocks of words
	
	look for content words or visual clues
	
	have an idea what information they want from the text
	
	know what they are looking for
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 12:00:35
	
Explicação:
When we scan, we usually:
· have an idea what information we want from the text, and look for content words or visual clues that signal that information
· read in blocks of words rather than word by word
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
This reading strategy involves understanding what information, or what kind of information, we are looking for, locating it and then reading the relevant part carefully to get a full and detailed understanding. Sometimes, using this reading strategy also involves reading to see if information is contained in a text. In real life, we often only read parts of texts (the parts that provide the information we are interested in). For example, if we want to know what is on TV tonight, we will not look at the programmes listed in the TV listings for earlier in the day. In reading tasks in English exams, time pressure forces candidates to find information quickly so doing this helps in both real-life and exam situations.
► The previous text provides an important concept. Which one?
		
	
	Intensive reading
	 
	Scanning
	
	Skimming
	
	Extensive reading
	
	Reading for gist
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 12:01:05
	
Explicação:
As the focus is to search for relevant/specific information, it means scanning is being described in the text.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	People scan a text when they want to find ________ information.
		
	
	general
	 
	specific
	
	overall
	
	some
	
	any kind of
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 12:01:15
	
Explicação:
Scanning - used to find a particular (specific) piece of information
 
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
It is the overall meaning, the core idea, of a spoken or written discourse. When taking a quick look at a written text to establish its genre and the main message its writer means to get across, we are reading to get the general idea of a text. This is also known synonymous of skimming. A text can provide readers with lots of clues that help readers quickly establish what it is about. These need not be just the words. A quick glance at the arrangement - densely written columns, for example - can tell us we are looking at a newspaper article, even when it is been reproduced in an exam paper. We also look for visuals or any other discrete discourse features to help us make informed predictions.
► The previous text provides an important concept. Which one?
		
	
	Reading for detail
	 
	Reading for gist/skimming
	
	Extensive reading
	
	Scanning
	
	Reading for specific information
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 12:01:39
	
Explicação:
An overall meaning is also synonymous of reading for gist (= skimming)
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Choose the alternative which DOES NOT define properly the four types of reading skills:
		
	
	Prediction - used to anticipate what the readers are about to read.
	
	Intensive reading - accurate reading for detailed understanding.
	
	Extensive reading - used for pleasure and general understanding.
	
	Skimming - used to understand the "gist" or main idea.
	 
	Scanning - used to find a general piece of information.
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 12:02:33
	
Explicação:
Prediction  - used to anticipate what the readers are about to read
Skimming - used to understand the "gist" or main idea
Scanning - used to find a particular piece of information
Extensive reading - used for pleasure and general understanding
Intensive reading - accurate reading for detailed understanding
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	According to Beale (2007), this technique is used when readers search for key words or ideas. In most cases, readers know what they are looking for, since they are usually concentrating on finding a particular answer.
· We can infer the previous information relates to ONE of the following Reading Strategies. Which one?
		
	
	Prediction
	 
	Intensive reading
	
	Skimming
	
	Extensive reading
	 
	Scanning
	This Reading Strategy includes the following purposes:
1) read shorter texts in order to extract specific information;
2) include very close accurate reading for detail;
3) grasp the details of a specific situation;
4) understand each word, number or fact.
· The previous purposes refer to ONE of the following Reading Strategies. Which one?
		
	
	scanning
	
	extensive reading
	
	prediction
	
	skimming
	 
	intensive reading
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:54:57
	
Explicação:
Prediction  - used to anticipate what the readers are about to read
Skimming - used to understand the "gist" or main idea
Scanning - used to find a particular piece of information
Extensive reading - used for pleasure and general understanding
Intensive reading - accurate reading for detailed understanding
 
Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes veryclose accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact.
Examples:
· A bookkeeping report
· An insurance claim
· A contract
 
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	According to Beale (2007), this technique is used when readers search for key words or ideas. In most cases, readers know what they are looking for, since they are usually concentrating on finding a particular answer.
· We can infer the previous information relates to ONE of the following Reading Strategies. Which one?
		
	 
	Scanning
	
	Extensive reading
	
	Intensive reading
	
	Skimming
	
	Prediction
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:55:23
	
Explicação:
Scanning is a technique you often use when looking up a word in the telephone book or dictionary. You search for key words or ideas. In most cases, you know what you're looking for, so you're concentrating on finding a particular answer. Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the page seeking specific words and phrases. Scanning is also used when you first find a resource to determine whether it will answer your questions. Once you've scanned the document, you might go back and skim it. When scanning, look for the author's use of organizers such as numbers, letters, steps, or the words, first, second, or next. Look for words that are bold faced, italics, or in a different font size, style, or color. Sometimes the author will put key ideas in the margin. Reading off a computer screen has become a growing concern. Research shows that people have more difficulty reading off a computer screen than off paper. Although they can read and comprehend at the same rate as paper, skimming on the computer is much slower than on paper.
 
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	According to Beale (2007), "this technique is applied by readers when they look over a text quickly to get a general idea of the subject-matter (also called 'gist'). The reader is not interested in all the detail, getting the gist is enough".
· The citation above can be related to the following Reading Strategy:
		
	
	prediction
	
	extensive reading
	
	intensive reading
	 
	skimming
	
	scanning
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:55:43
	
Explicação:
Readers skim a text when they look it over quickly to get a general idea of the subject-matter (also called ¿gist¿). The reader is not interested in all the detail, getting the gist is enough. Skimmers run their eye down the page or screen looking for pointers that sum up the contents. Subheadings or bullet points attract their attention, as do the introductory phrases of paragraphs and the concluding ones. In longer texts, skimmers check the contents lists, the opening and closing paragraphs of chapters, and any introductions, conclusions or summaries.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	People are NOT scanning a text effectively when they ________.
		
	
	look for content words or visual clues
	
	know what they are looking for
	 
	read every word in a text
	
	have an idea what information they want from the text
	
	read blocks of words
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:56:54
	
Explicação:
When we scan, we usually:
· have an idea what information we want from the text, and look for content words or visual clues that signal that information
· read in blocks of words rather than word by word
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
This reading strategy involves understanding what information, or what kind of information, we are looking for, locating it and then reading the relevant part carefully to get a full and detailed understanding. Sometimes, using this reading strategy also involves reading to see if information is contained in a text. In real life, we often only read parts of texts (the parts that provide the information we are interested in). For example, if we want to know what is on TV tonight, we will not look at the programmes listed in the TV listings for earlier in the day. In reading tasks in English exams, time pressure forces candidates to find information quickly so doing this helps in both real-life and exam situations.
► The previous text provides an important concept. Which one?
		
	
	Intensive reading
	
	Reading for gist
	
	Skimming
	 
	Scanning
	
	Extensive reading
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:57:21
	
Explicação:
As the focus is to search for relevant/specific information, it means scanning is being described in the text.
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	People scan a text when they want to find ________ information.
		
	
	some
	 
	specific
	
	general
	
	overall
	
	any kind of
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:57:41
	
Explicação:
Scanning - used to find a particular (specific) piece of information
 
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
It is the overall meaning, the core idea, of a spoken or written discourse. When taking a quick look at a written text to establish its genre and the main message its writer means to get across, we are reading to get the general idea of a text. This is also known synonymous of skimming. A text can provide readers with lots of clues that help readers quickly establish what it is about. These need not be just the words. A quick glance at the arrangement - densely written columns, for example - can tell us we are looking at a newspaper article, even when it is been reproduced in an exam paper. We also look for visuals or any other discrete discourse features to help us make informed predictions.
► The previous text provides an important concept. Which one?
		
	
	Reading for detail
	 
	Reading for gist/skimming
	
	Reading for specific information
	
	Extensive reading
	
	Scanning
	Respondido em 19/08/2021 11:58:14
	
Explicação:
An overall meaning is also synonymous of reading for gist (= skimming)
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Choose the alternative which DOES NOT define properly the four types of reading skills:
		
	 
	Scanning - used to find a general piece of information.
	
	Extensive reading - used for pleasure and general understanding.
	
	Prediction - used to anticipate what the readers are about to read.
	
	Intensive reading - accurate reading for detailed understanding.
	
	Skimming - used to understand the "gist" or main idea.
	This Reading Strategy includes the following purposes:
1) read shorter texts in order to extract specific information;
2) include very close accurate reading for detail;
3) grasp the details of a specific situation;
4) understand each word, number or fact.
· The previous purposes refer to ONE of the following Reading Strategies. Which one?
		
	
	scanning
	
	prediction
	
	extensive reading
	
	skimming
	 
	intensive reading
	Respondido em 20/08/2021 06:20:36
	
Explicação:
Prediction  - used to anticipate what the readers are about to read
Skimming - used to understand the "gist" or main idea
Scanning - used to find a particular piece of information
Extensive reading - used for pleasure and general understanding
Intensive reading - accurate reading for detailed understanding
 
Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact.
Examples:
· A bookkeeping report
· An insurance claim
· A contract
 
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	According to Beale (2007), this technique is used when readers search for key words or ideas. In most cases, readers know what they are looking for, since they are usually concentrating on finding a particular answer.
· We can infer the previous information relates to ONE of the following Reading Strategies. Which one?
		
	
	Intensive reading
	
	Prediction
	 
	Scanning
	
	Skimming