Aula_08

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Prof.: Fellipe Cavallero
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
Agenda:
The Notion of Grammar;
Should Grammar be Taught?
How Should Grammar be Taught?
Summary;
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
1) Notions of Grammar
Grammar
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
The term grammar has multiple meaning. While these uses may differ in purpose and scope, they seek minimally to explain the same phenomena: how words are formed (morphology), and how words are combined (syntax).
Some grammars also include phonology and semantics, but the usual interpretation of grammar is limited to the structural organization of language.
Basically speaking...
How important is Grammar in Foreign Language Teaching?
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
Functional Grammar: “Language is conceived of, in the first place, as an instrument of social interaction between human beings, used with the primary aim of establishing communicative relations between speakers and addressees”. (DIK, Simon C. Functional grammar)
The way we see language itself: The Functional Paradigm
Pragmatics  Semantics  Syntax 
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
Formal Grammar: “Language is regarded as an abstract object (e.g., a set of sentences), and grammar is conceived of in the first place as an attempt at characterizing this object in terms of formal rules of syntax to be applied independently of the possible meaninfs of the constructions described”. (DIK, Simon C. Functional grammar)
The way we see language itself: The Formal Paradigm
Syntax  Semantics  Pragmatics
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
Thornbury (2008), in accordance with other linguists, offers us seven arguments in favor of grammar instruction:
The sentence-machine argument;
The fine-tuning argument;
The fossilization argument;
The advance-organizer argument;
The discrete-item argument;
The rule-of-law argument;
The learners-expectation argument;
2) Should Grammar be Taught?
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
The Sentence-Machine Argument
Since grammar provides a description of the regularities in a language, knowledge of these regularities together with a good vocabulary enable learners to generate a limitless number of original sentences.
b) The Fine-Tuning Argument
Grammar instruction allows for more precision and intelligibility, especially in written language.
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
c) The Fossilization Argument
Research suggests that the linguistic competence of learners who receive no grammar instruction are more likely to fossilize, than the linguistic competence of those who do receive this instruction.
d) The Advance-Organizer Argument
Grammar enables learners to realize certain grammatical items in language use that might otherwise have gone unnoticed.
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
e) The Fossilization Argument
Grammar instruction allows students to understand that the rules that govern how a language works are finite and learnable.
f) The Rule-of-Law Argument
Grammar is a system of learnable rules that can be taught and tested in methodical steps.
g) The Learner-Expectation Argument
Some learners enroll in language classes in order to ensure that they will learn in an efficient and systematic way.
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
3) How Should Grammar be Taught?
When teaching Grammar, some issues must be taken into account, especially students´:
Level;
Needs;
Interests;
Expectations;
Learning styles.
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
Thornbury (2008) offers us three possibilities for the teaching of grammar:
 
Teaching grammar from rules;
Teaching grammar from examples;
Teaching grammar from texts.
Which of them do you think would be more efficient? Why?
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
Teching Grammar from Rules (Deductive Approach)
A deductive approach starts with the presentation of a rule and is followed by examples in which a rule is inferred.
Advantages:
Straight to the point = Time Saving;
Respects the intelligence and maturity of many students;
Confirms students´ expectations;
Allows the teacher to deal with language points immediately;
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
2) Teaching Grammar from Examples (Inductive Approach)
The teacher provides the examples first without giving any explanation about them and encourages learners to work the rules out for themselves.
Advantages:
Students are more actively involved;
Greater memorability;
Students are more autonomous and can work collaboratively;
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
3) Teaching Grammar from Texts
In real language use, sentences are never used in isolation. They are usually grouped with other sentences and form coherent texts.
Advantages:
They provide co-textual information, allowing learners to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar grammatical items from the context;
Enhance students´ vocabulary;
Exemplify how language is really used (authentic material);
Aula 8: The role of grammar in foreign language teaching
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO E ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DE INGLÊS II
Summary:
The Notion of Grammar;
Should Grammar be Taught?
How Should Grammar be Taught?
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