LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II

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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II 
Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Conjunctions are not only syntactic but also semantic elements. Based on it, choose the 
best conjunction to complete the following sentence, considering the idea of 
contrast: My best friend didn't study for English test, ___he got the highest score. 
 
 
And 
 
So 
 
Nor 
 
Or 
 But 
Respondido em 30/08/2022 03:02:59 
 
Explicação: 
Feedback: The only coordinating conjunction that conveys contrast is but. And conveys 
addition; so, consequence or result; or, alternatives; and nor also conveys addition, but for 
negative sentences. 
 
 
 
2a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
We have seen that coordinating conjunctions can convey distinct meanings, such as 
alternative, contrast, etc. Based on it, choose the best option to complete the following 
sentence, considering the semantic of addition: she didn¿t call me yesterday, ___ did I. 
 
 
For 
 
And 
 So 
 Nor 
 
But 
Respondido em 30/08/2022 03:03:49 
 
Explicação: 
Feedback: The coordinating conjunctions, aside from and, are: or, nor, so, but, yet and for. 
While and and nor relate to addition, but and yet relate to contrast and for is the 
coordinating conjunction that refers to cause. Nor, however, even though it relates to 
addition, links negative sentences and triggers subject-verb inversion. 
 
 
 
3a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Read the text below: 
 
With restaurants, stores and even public pools and beaches now open after months of 
being shuttered, some New Yorkers might wonder whether it's safe to swipe their 
Metrocards again and hop on the train or bus. Interim MTA President Sarah Feinberg 
says, "It's time to come back." 
In May, the MTA restricted its otherwise 24/7 service and began shutting down trains 
from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. [1] so that the company could completely sanitize each car. 
"We're doing 24/7 cleaning," Feinberg tells Newsweek. "But, it obviously is helpful for us 
to be able to have the system completely free of all riders in those overnight hours, [2] 
in order that we can be particularly efficient." 
In the beginning of March, [3] when the virus began affecting New York City, MTA 
workers were not allowed to wear masks while on duty - in alignment with the CDC 
recommendations at the time. The ban was then lifted [4] after there was a backlash 
from the Transport Workers Union Local 100, the New York Daily News reported. The 
MTA reports that 4,110 MTA employees have tested positive for the virus as of July 29. 
(SCHONFELD, Alexandra. How Safe Is the New York City Subway Right Now? 2020. 
Newsweek Magazine. Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/how-safe-new-york-
city-subway-right-now-1521844. Accessed August31st , 2021) 
 
Which subordinate clauses highlighted in the text contain subordinators used to indicate 
PURPOSE? 
 
 1 and 2 
 
2 and 4 
 3 and 4 
 
2 and 3 
 
1 and 4 
Respondido em 30/08/2022 03:03:57 
 
Explicação: 
1 and 2 (CORRECT). Subordinators SO THAT and IN ORDER THAT are used to indicate 
PURPOSE. The other subordinators, WHEN and AFTER, are used to express TIME. 
 
 
 
4a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Read the text below: 
There are now more overweight than underweight people in the world. 
 
London - More than 640 million people [1]globally now weigh in as [2]obese and the 
world has more overweight than underweight people, according to an [3]analysis of 
global trends in body mass index (BMI). 
A startling increase [4]in rates of obesity in the past 40 years means the number of 
people with a BMI of more than 30 has risen from 105 million in 1975 to 641 million, the 
study found. More than one in 10 men and one in seven women are obese.(DAVID 
GRAY. Reuters. There Are Now More Overweight Than Underweight People in the World. 
2016. Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/world-obesity-641-million-overweight-
underweight-442874. Accessed August,31, 2021) 
The highlighted elements [1], [2], [3] and [4] are examples of which types of PHRASES 
respectively? 
 
 [1] = adverbial phrase; [2] = adjective phrase; [3] = noun phrase; [4] = 
prepositional phrase 
 
[1] = adjective phrase; [2] = noun phrase; [3] = adverbial phrase; [4] = verb 
phrase 
 
[1] = prepositional phrase; [2] = noun phrase; [3] = verb phrase; [4] = 
adjective frase 
 [1] = noun phrase; [2] = adverbial phrase; [3] = adjective phrase; [4] = verb 
phrase 
 
[1] = noun phrase; [2] = verb phrase; [3] = adverbial phrase; [4] = noun 
phrase 
Respondido em 09/09/2022 02:50:03 
 
Explicação: 
[1] = adverbial phrase; [2] = adjective phrase; [3] = noun phrase; [4] = prepositional 
phrase (CORRECT). The head of each phrase is what must be used to label the type of 
phrase in use. Consequently, globally is an adverb (the -ly suffix used to form adverbs from 
adjectives), obese is an adjective because characterizes the noun people previously 
mentioned, analysis is a noun, since it is preceded by the article an and the structure in 
rates is composed of a preposition + complement, which is the structure of a prepositional 
phrase. 
 
 
 
5a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
In 2014, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) published a document 
with guidelines for a more sustainable use of plastic. You can find in the excerpt 
below a clause defining the sort of world the project is willing to build. After reading 
it, choose the option that best rephrases it. 
 
"The Plastic Disclosure Project asks organisations to measure, manage, disclose and 
benefit from more sustainable use of plastic. It seeks a world in which plastic adds 
value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment". 
 
 
It seeks a world in that plastic adds value for consumers and businesses 
without negatively impacting the environment. 
 It seeks a world where plastic adds value for consumers and businesses 
without negatively impacting the environment. 
 
It seeks a world how plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without 
negatively impacting the environment. 
 
It seeks a world when plastic adds value for consumers and businesses 
without negatively impacting the environment. 
 
It seeks a world that plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without 
negatively impacting the environment. 
Respondido em 09/09/2022 02:52:24 
 
Explicação: 
Where is the relative adverb that best conveys the meaning of place present in in which. 
"In which" can convey different meanings such as place, time and manner. In the excerpt, 
though, place is being conveyed. In order to rewrite the sentence while still retaining its 
original meaning, "where" should be used. The only correct option is hence: "It seeks a 
world where plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting 
the environment". The other options convey either time (when), manner (how) or present 
relative pronouns (that). 
 
 
 
6a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the noun phrase "extreme 
sea level events" in the main clause and in the restrictive relative clause respectively: 
Extreme sea level events [that previously occurred once in 100 years] could happen 
every year by the end of this century. 
 
 
Subject, object. 
 
Subject, agent of the passive voice. 
 
Object, object. 
 Subject, subject. 
 Object, subject. 
Respondido em 09/09/2022 02:53:08 
 
Explicação: 
The noun phrase "extreme sea level events" is the subject of the verb "occurred" in the 
main clause, as well as the subject of the verb phrase "could happen" in the restrictive 
relative clause. Therefore, "subject, subject" is the correct answer. Remember that the 
canonical word order in English is subject-verb-complement, meaning that the subject 
usually precedes the verb phrase; which is the case of the sentence above. 
 
 
 
7a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the underlined noun phrases 
within the main clauses and within the restrictive relative clauses present in the 
following excerpts: 
I - The effort was backed up by a team of scientists [that conducted new ocean 
research]. 
 
II - a marine scientist [who served as a science advisor to the Canada 
delegation] talked about the scientific process. 
 
III - 9 out of 10 people breathe air [that contains high levels of pollutants]. 
 
 
I. Subject/ subject. II. Object/ subject. III. Subject/ subject. 
 
I. Object/ object. II. Object/ object. III. Subject/ Agent of the passive. 
 I. Agent of the passive voice/ subject; II. Subject/ subject; III. Object/ subject. 
 
I. Object/ subject; II. Subject/ subject. III. Object/ object. 
 
I. Subject/ subject. II. Object/ subject. III. Object/ object. 
Respondido em 09/09/2022 02:53:17 
 
Explicação: 
I." A team of scientists" is the agent of the passive voice. You should notice that noun 
phrases fulfilling this role are often introduced by the preposition "by". However, the same 
noun phrase is the subject of the verb "conducted". After all, who conducted new ocean 
research? A team of scientists. II. The noun phrase "a marine scientist" plays the role of 
subject in both clauses: it is the subject of the verb "served" and also the subject of the 
verb ¿talked¿. III. The head noun is the object of the verb ¿breathe¿. What do 9 out of 10 
people breathe? ¿Air¿. At the same time, it is the subject of the verb of the restrictive 
relative clause. What contains high level of pollutants? "Air". The correct alternative is then: 
"I. Agent of the passive voice/ subject; II. Subject/ subject; III. Object/ subject". 
 
 
 
8a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the noun phrase "the 
people" in the main clause and in the restrictive relative clause respectively: 
 
"These changes affect both ocean ecosystems and the people [that rely on them]" 
 
 Object, subject. 
 
Object, object. 
 Subject, agent of the passive voice. 
 
Subject, object. 
 
Subject, subject. 
Respondido em 09/09/2022 02:53:51 
 
Explicação: 
The noun phrase "the people" is the object of the verb "affect" in the main clause as well as 
the subject of the verb "rely" in the restrictive relative clause. Remember that the canonical 
word order in English is subject-verb-complement, meaning that the subject usually 
precedes the verb phrase and that a complement (in this case an object) follows the verb 
phrase. "The people" follow the verb phrase, being the complement or object of the verb 
"affect"; whereas "that" precedes the verb "rely", occupying then the subject slot. The only 
correct alternative is "object, subject". 
 
 
 
9a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
In formal writing we find conditional clauses marked by inversion, as in: 
 
 
I would love it if you were nice. 
 
If it were not for your attitude, I would be more helpful. 
 I would be more helpful, If it were not for your attitude. 
 
If your attitude was nice, I would be more helpful. 
 I would be more helpful, were it not for your attitude. 
Respondido em 09/09/2022 02:54:51 
 
Explicação: 
Even though all options show conditional clauses, the sentence "I would be more helpful, 
were it not for your attitude" is the only one in which a verb-subject inversion occurs. 
Inversions in conditional clauses occur only when IF is omitted. Notice that this is the only 
sentence in which IF is not present. 
 
 
 
10a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
English Word order has been described as fixed. It is true that the placement of 
elements is strictly regulated in this language and that variations of the canonical SVO 
Word order are possible. Yet there are other sorts of rare word order variation in this 
language due mainly to fronting and its discourse functions. What are some of these 
discourse functions? 
i) repetition. 
ii) expressing contrast. 
iii) enabling particular elements to gain emphasis. 
iv) organizing information flow to achieve cohesion. 
 
 
Options iii) and iv) are the only ones correct. 
 Only option ii) is correct. 
 
Options i) and ii) are correct. 
 
Options i), ii) and iii) are correct. 
 Options ii), iii) and iv) are correct. 
Respondido em 09/09/2022 02:54:54 
 
Explicação: 
Some of the discourse functions of fronting include: expressing contrast, adding emphasis to 
certain elements, and organizing information flow. Fronting may be an efficient cohesive 
mechanism and it has no relation whatsoever to repetition. Therefore, option i) is the only 
incorrect information, meaning that ii), iii) and iv) are correct.