Simulado OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA 10 acertos

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Simulado OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA 10 acertos
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The extract below describes trends in Higher Education in Brazil, according to UNESCO. Read it and choose the option that substitutes the numbered expressions for similar ones:
"Higher education has experienced (1) very fast growth [...] in the second half of the 1990s. Growth has been most visible in undergraduate enrolment, where the student body has (2) swelled by an extra 1.5 million students since 2008. About (3) three quarters of undergraduates (7.3 million in 2013) are enrolled in private institutions. [...] About (4) half of the growth in private tertiary education can be attributed to distance learning programmes, a new trend in Brazilian higher education."
Retrieved from: https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/usr15_brazil.pdf
		
	
	(1) a slump/ (2) increased/ (3) 25%/ (4) 50%
	
	(1) a plummet/ (2) increased/ (3) 34%/ (4) 50%
	
	(1) a rapid increase/ (2) increased/ (3) 34%/ (4) 50%
	 
	(1) a soar/ (2) increased/ (3) 75%/ (4) 50%
	
	(1) a rapid increase/ (2) decreased/ (3) 75%/ (4) 70%
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 00:57:29
	
	Explicação:
The noun "soar" indicates a rapid and quick rise, and the verb "swell" is equivalent to the act of becoming higher or increasing. Moreover, the equivalent to the amount of "three quarters" is "75%", as it represents three of the four equal parts of a whole. Finally, "50%" of an amount is the same as "half of it" or two equal parts.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The second component of narratives is called orientation, a part of the text in which the reader is introduced to the time, place and characters of the story. Mark the option that best describes the language employed in most orientations:
		
	
	It typically includes dynamic verbs and Past tenses.
	
	It typically includes stative verbs and Present tenses.
	
	It typically includes verbs defining a dynamic action in the future time.
	 
	It typically includes stative verbs and Past tenses.
	
	It typically includes dynamic verbs and Present tenses.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 00:58:41
	
	Explicação:
According to Labov (LABOV, William. The Language of Life and Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.), the language employed in orientations is relatively predictable and habitually includes verbs such as to be and to have, among other "stative verbs" - that is, verbs that define a stable condition or a state of being, rather than a dynamic action. Moreover, Past tenses - especially the Past Continuous are used. The correct alternative is then: "It typically includes stative verbs and Past tenses".
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The third component of narrative chains is called the complicating action. Choose the option that best justifies the reason why the selected fragment can be classified as part of the complicating action of hooks' narrative:
Claiming the freedom to grow as an imaginative writer was connected for me with having the courage to be open, to be able to tell the truth of one's life as I had experienced it in writing. To talk about one's life-that I could do. To write about it, to leave a trace-that was frightening. The longer it took me to begin the process of writing autobiography, the further removed from those memories I was becoming. Each year, a memory seemed less and less clear. I wanted not to lose the vividness, the recall and felt an urgent need to begin the work and complete it. Yet I could not begin even though I had begun to confront some of the reasons I was blocked, as I am blocked just now in writing this piece because I am afraid to express in writing the experience that served as a catalyst for that block to move.
Retrieved from: hooks, bell. Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. Chapter 22: Writing Autobiography. Routledge: New York, 2015.
		
	
	Because it wraps up hooks' narrative, bringing it to an end with a brief description of her final decisions.
	
	Because it provides readers with important orienting information, allowing them to take a peek at hooks¿ childhood experiences and, thus, understand the narrator's longing to talk about her past and, by such means, kill her former self.
	
	Because it provides readers with important orienting information, allowing them to take a peek at hooks' childhood experiences and, thus, understand the narrator¿s longing to talk about her past and, by such means, kill her former self.
	
	Because it focuses exclusively on hooks' evaluation of the events that marked her childhood, solely aiming at transmitting their emotional impact to those who read her text.
	 
	Because it creates a web of cause-effect relationship, describing hooks' contradictory feelings towards openly writing about her own story.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 00:58:53
	
	Explicação:
The complicating action focuses on a series of cause-effect relationships, describing the sequence of actions that led from the initiating event to the most reportable event. Hence, the correct answer is "Because it creates a web of cause-effect relationship, describing hooks¿ contradictory feelings towards openly writing about her own story". The other options refer to either the orientation (orienting information on time, place or characters), to the evaluation (focusing on the emotional impact) or to the resolution and coda (the end of the narrative).
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The graph below provides an overview of average fertility rates in Algeria throughout the years. Read it and complete the description with the appropriate expressions:
Retrieved from: https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2017/06/27/census-2016-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-population-growing
In Algeria, women give birth to (1)_____________ of 2.535 children every year and this fertility (2)_____________ is expected to (3)_____________ .
		
	
	(1) an average/ (2) percentage/ (3) increase.
	 
	(1) an average/ (2) rate/ (3) decrease.
	
	(1) approximately/ (2) estimate/ (3) plunge.
	
	(1) the exact number of/ (2) rate/ (3) fall.
	
	(1) an average/ (2) rate/ (3) soar.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 00:59:01
	
	Explicação:
This bar graph shows average or estimative proportions of birth rates in the country. In addition, both the numbers and the reduction of the bars from left to right indicate a decreasing pattern as years pass.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Choose the alternative containing a description of the writing strategy employed by the author of this expository introduction.
"Molly, a US tech worker in her 30s, used to work at a company whose mission she was deeply invested in. "It was part of my identity," she says. But when the pandemic hit, bringing rolling redundancies, uncertainty, long hours and burnout, Molly decided it was time to change jobs."
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20220215-the-taboo-of-selling-out-for-a-better-paying-job
		
	
	The author cites a specialist in the field of Human Resources so as to support the thesis statement.
	
	The author describes a complex scientific concept, explaining it to lay audiences.
	 
	The writer develops a narrative about the particular experiences of a person in order to tackle the issue at hand.
	
	The author starts the paragraph with a thorough depiction of a historical milestone.
	
	The author ends the paragraph with a rhetorical question to be answered by supporting paragraphs.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 01:01:24
	
	Explicação:
Indeed, instead of displaying the most important information regarding the issue (exposing the whats and whys), the author alludes to the personal experiences of a worker to illustrate the theme she is about to tackle. She thus: "develops a narrative about the particular experiences of a person in order to tackle the issue at hand".
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0Read the introduction of an expository text titled "After Fleeing Ukraine, LGBTQ Refugees Search for Safety in Countries Hostile to Their Rights". Then, choose the option containing its textual genre, according to its observable features.
"For Vitaly and his wife, it was the bright light that woke them up at 4:30 am on Feb. 24. Then came the crashes of the explosions, four in a row, shaking their home in Odessa. They checked their phones and saw frantic texts from friends panicking that Russia had launched a war on Ukraine. They each grabbed a bag, got into their car, and drove west."
Retrieved from: https://time.com/6156672/lgbtq-ukraine-refugees-russia
		
	
	Such narration is a typical trait of an axis problem- solution.
	
	This paragraph is structured in a common format of inverted pyramid, exposing a set of actions which add a human touch to data.
	
	The extract is structured by means of a comparison among the couple and other people in contrasting situations.
	
	The paragraph is indicative of a feature story, since it provides a proposition and summary of the content of the article at the very outset.
	 
	It consists of a feature story, since it intends to engage readers and foster empathy providing an exposition of particular life experiences connected with the theme of the publication.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 00:59:57
	
	Explicação:
Instead of making general expository claims, the author attempts to engage readers by introducing the particular stories of two people who are probably not known by the projected public: Vitaly and his wife. This strategy is common in feature stories. Therefore, the correct answer is: "It consists of a feature story, since it intends to engage readers and foster empathy providing an exposition of particular life experiences connected with the theme of the publication".
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Choose the option which best justifies the verb tenses used in the following paragraph, retrieved from an expository text about an exhibition which denounces and fights against Contemporary antisemitism.
"The need to consistently challenge anti-Semitism clearly remains, and the Wiener Holocaust Library in London¿s forthcoming exhibition, Fighting anti-Semitism from Dreyfus to Today, is a timely examination of the wide range of ways in which Jewish groups and others have fought against anti-Semitism in more than a century [...]."
Retrieved and adapted from: https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/3/11/learning-from-the-past-to-efficiently-fight-antisemitism-today
		
	
	The future simple should be employed in the verb "be", insofar as it refers to a future exhibition.
	
	The Simple Present Tense in the verbs "remain" and "be" account for progressive actions in the present, whilst the Present Perfect in the verb "fight" refers to an action that occurred in an indefinite moment in the past.
	
	The Simple Present tense employed in the verbs "remain" and "be" regard actions which started in the past and with noticeable current consequences. The Present Perfect in the verb "fight" refers to past activities in a precise time period.
	
	The Simple Present tense employed in the verbs "remain" and "be" accounts for a factual exposition, but the Simple Past tense would be more adequate in the verb "fight".
	 
	The Simple Present tense employed in the verbs "remain" and "be" accounts for a factual exposition, while the Present Perfect in the verb "fight" refers to an action that occurred in an indefinite moment in the past.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 01:02:19
	
	Explicação:
Indeed, the author makes factual historical claims using the verbs "remain" and "be", to be later evidenced with data. Therefore, the Simple Present tense is adequate. Moreover, he does not clarify when the fights he mentioned occurred, allowing for the use of a Present Perfect structure.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Topic statements are fundamental for argumentative texts. Mark the alternative that best describes the function of topic statements:
		
	
	Topic statements must guarantee the author has the final word on the matter tackled by the text.
	
	Topic statements must defy the validity of the author's own arguments, promoting an unbalanced account of the controversy portrayed within the text.
	 
	Topic statements must summarize the main ideas of a given paragraph or encapsulate the core argument of the text as a whole.
	
	Topic statements must bring together conflicting viewpoints.
	
	Topic statements must come up with scientific evidence to endorse the author's views.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 01:03:28
	
	Explicação:
Topic statements typically put in a nutshell the core ideas of a given paragraph or the main point of the text as a whole. The only option that correctly describes their function is: "Topic statements must summarize the main ideas of a given paragraph or encapsulate the core argument of the text as a whole".
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Choose the option containing a true statement concerning the verb tense employed in the following sentences.
"The fatty acid compositions were measured based on a well-established method (Folch, Lees, & Sloane-Stanley, 1957; Lepage & Roy, 1986). Each test was replicated three times for each experimental group." Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fsn3.1443
		
	
	A future tense would be more adequate for the paragraph, since it argues for the relevance of methods which will still be expounded later in the paper.
	
	The Present Perfect tense would be more suitable in the first sentence, for it consists of the description of an area of research that led to the "well-established" method.
	
	The Simple Present tense would be more suitable in both sentences, since they support notions which are characterized as "well-established".
	 
	The Simple Past tense is correctly employed since the authors are arguing for the relevance of their methodology in that specific study.
	
	The necessity of replication of each test is an argument against the "methods" mentioned.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 01:04:35
	
	Explicação:
As Swales and Feak (2004) indicate, authors of academic texts commonly use the past to describe researchers' actions in single studies. Therefore, "The Simple Past tense is correctly employed since the authors are arguing for the relevance of their methodology in that specific study".
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Analyze the paragraph below, retrieved from a paper about transcription records in legal contexts. Afterwards, choose the alternative which best describes the argumentation developed by the authors.
"The fact that records of data as similar as police - suspect and police - witness interviews are produced so differently, provides us with an ideal context in which to demonstrate the factors at work, and to test our theories as to how best to approach issues of adequacy and accuracy. However, we envisage that our model can be applied equally well to written transcripts of spoken data across any context, including our own professional context as linguists who analyse spoken text. It thereby also illustrates how, by attempting to address a 'real-world' practical problem, we can in fact learn a great deal about our own methods and academic practices." Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/applij/advance-article/doi/10.1093/applin/amac005/6524571?searchresult=1
		
	 
	The authors resort to a syllogism to argue for the relevance of their study in the field.
	
	The language structures used by the authors indicate that the text consists of a counter-argumentation against current academic practices.
	
	The author's allusion to their expertise as linguists consists of an appeal to pathos.
	
	The repetition of the modal verb "can" indicates an overuse of hedging, which makes the paragraph ambiguous.
	
	The expression "in fact" indicates that the authors merelybegged the question instead of arguing for their thesis.
	Respondido em 24/10/2022 01:05:07
	
	Explicação:
Indeed, the proposition defended in the paragraph is based on a major premise (that the data can be applied to different contexts), a minor premise (it can also be applied in the author¿s context of Linguistics), and on a conclusion (it can show authors how to deal with their methods). Therefore, it is based on Aristotle¿s syllogism and its deductive conclusion. The correct answer is then: "The authors resort to a syllogism to argue for the relevance of their study in the field."
AV 6/10 acertos 
	
	 1a Questão (Ref.: 202013492569)
	The headline below refers to Covid hospitalization. Choose the alternative which presents a correct statement about it:
"6 states account for more than half of the country¿s recent Covid hospitalizations" Retrieved from: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/6-states-account-half-countrys-recent-covid-hospitalizations-rcna7776
		
	
	According to the text, hospitalizations in the states mentioned are below 50%.
	
	It consists of a process description.
	
	The headline reports that only 6 states account for the exact hospitalization rate of 50%.
	
	It consists of a componential description.
	
	According to the text, hospitalizations rates have dropped in 6 states.
	
	
	 2a Questão (Ref.: 202013492524)
	Some narrative components provide an outline of the narrative, others, orienting information and/or evaluation and cause and consequence connections, while others close the narrative. Mark the alternative that best classifies the following fragment from hooks¿ narrative:
In the end I did not feel as though I had killed the Gloria of my childhood. Instead I had rescued her. She was no longer the enemy within, the little girl who had to be annihilated for the woman to come into being. In writing about her, I reclaimed that part of myself I had long ago rejected, left uncared for, just as she had often felt alone and uncared for as a child. Remembering was part of a cycle of reunion, a joining of fragments, "the bits and pieces of my heart" that the narrative made whole again.
Retrieved from: hooks, bell. Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. Chapter 22: Writing Autobiography. Routledge: New York, 2015.
		
	
	Abstract
	
	Resolution
	
	Coda
	
	Complicating Action
	
	Orientation
	
	
	 3a Questão (Ref.: 202013492559)
	The headline below refers to the number of medals Great Britain won during the Paralympics games. Choose the correct alternative regarding the headline.
"Paralympics Great Britain medal tally hits triple figures on day 10". Retrieved from: https://www.activityalliance.org.uk/news/6415-paralympicsgb-medal-tally-hits-triple-figures-on-day-10
		
	
	According to the headline, the number regarding Great Britain medals was between 100 and 999 on the tenth day of competition.
	
	The headline asserts that the number of medals of Great Britain was three times bigger than in the previous competition.
	
	The article indicates that on day 10 of the Paralympics Great Britain athletes had achieved a total number of medals that was close to 300.
	
	According to the text, the number of Great Britain medals has dropped since the previous edition of the event.
	
	The article outlines that the number of medals of Great Britain was three times bigger than its opponent¿s.
	
	
	 4a Questão (Ref.: 202013492562)
	The sentences below describe academic research. Analyse the verb choices and structures and choose the alternative which best compares them:
(1) The term was coined by the aforementioned linguist.
(2) Over the last decade, various studies have been carried out in order to investigate such concepts.
		
	
	Only the verb tense in the second structure is adequate for scientific papers, as it alludes to more voices of authority.
	
	The present simple tense would be more suitable for the first sentence.
	
	The assertions do not differ in terms of style nor in relation to verb tense choice.
	
	Both assertions were written in the active voice, so as to highlight the voices of authority responsible for the studies.
	
	The verb tenses in the sentences differ because the first one mentions a single study, while the second refers to areas of inquiry during a period of time.
	
	
	 5a Questão (Ref.: 202013495784)
	Read the expository statements below, usually used in academic publications. Then, compare the lexical-grammatical features used in each one.
(1) For more than a decade, researchers have been questioning this notion.
(2) In the last decade, researchers began questioning this notion.
		
	
	Were both of them written in the Simple Past, they would be more suitable to academic contexts, as both allude to specific past moments.
	
	The Present Perfect Tense is used in the first sentence as it refers to an imprecise period of the past. In the second one, on the contrary, the Simple Past is preferred because the past moment when the action occurred is defined.
	
	The first structure is adequate, but the second should also be written in the Present Perfect tense, because both options refer to indefinite moments in the past.
	
	The first sentence would be more adequate as long as it was written in the progressive aspect, to denote a long period of time. The second one is written in the Simple Past because it refers to a specific date.
	
	The first sentence is adequately written in the Present Perfect tense since it does not refer to any specific moment in the past. Nonetheless, the second one should be written in the Past Progressive tense.
	
	
	 6a Questão (Ref.: 202013495863)
	Read the following statements regarding characteristics of well-written concluding paragraphs in expository texts. Afterwards, label each alternative as either (T) True or (F) False.
1. Placed after a set of evidence, a good conclusion should provoke a reflection towards the thesis statement of the text.
2. The conclusive paragraph should include a final argument to support the proposition of the text.
3. The purpose of such a paragraph is to solely paraphrase the proposition.
		4. 
	
	(1) T/ (2) T/ (3) T
	
	(1) T/ (2) T/ (3) F
	
	(1) F/ (2) F/ (3) T
	
	(1) T/ (2) F/ (3) F
	
	(1) F/ (2) F/ (3) F
	
	
	 7a Questão (Ref.: 202013495783)
	Complete the following description of a feature story.
"a newspaper or magazine article or (1) ____________ of a person, event, an aspect of a major event, or the like, often having a (2) ____________ slant." Its style (3) ____________ the one of hard news.
Retrieved from: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/feature-story
		
	
	(1) report / (2) distant/ (3) is the same as
	
	(1) report / (2) personal/ (3) differs from
	
	(1) exposition/ (2) personal/ (3) equals
	
	(1) description/ (2) academic/ (3) differs from
	
	(1) essay/ (2) scientific (3) differs from
	
	
	 8a Questão (Ref.: 202013506209)
	This extract is part of a paper on children¿s knowledge of words which are polysemic. Read it and choose and match the numbered structures with the hedging strategies employed by the authors.
(1) Research with adults shows that wordforms with more related meanings are processed and learnt more easily than wordforms with unrelated meanings in a variety of semantic tasks (Eddington and Tokowicz 2015; Maciejewski et al. 2020). There is also some suggestion that in an L2, adults (2) may more readily accept related meanings of homonyms than unrelated meanings (Maby 2016). Whilst there appears to be very limited data on this topic with children, (3) one recent study suggested that children and adults learn the meanings of novel homonyms better when their two meanings are related than if they are unrelated (Floyd and Goldberg 2020). Therefore, it (4) seems that more highly related word meanings may be easier to learn than unrelated word meanings.
Retrieved from: https://academic.oup.com/applij/advance-article/doi/10.1093/applin/amab028/6277142?searchresult=1(1) weaker verb/ (2) likelihood/ (3) distancing/ (4) weaker verb
	
	(1) weaker verb/ (2) distancing/ (3) likelihood/ (4) weaker verb
	
	(1) distancing/ (2) likelihood/ (3) likelihood/ (4) weaker verb
	
	(1) weaker verb/ (2) likelihood/ (3) likelihood/ (4) weaker verb
	
	(1) distancing/ (2) likelihood/ (3) distancing/ (4) weaker verb
	
	
	 9a Questão (Ref.: 202013506397)
	The following extract was taken from an article which aims at problematizing ideological textual disputes in Brazil. Read it and choose the alternative which best describes the authors¿ argumentation based on their lexical-grammatical choices.
"However useful, Avritzer's (2019) description of the democratic pendulum seems unable to shed light on the current paradoxes of democracy. The pendulum does not move linearly. Rather, Brazilian democracy might be better described as a friction between distinct scalar projects (Carr and Lempert, 2016) in which the maintenance or disruption of cisheteropatriarchal orders are at stake." Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/j/tla/a/RxvVtTrjZFvVHdhYDfsJHCs/?lang=en
		
	
	The authors contend that the notion of "friction" is more appropriate to the Brazilian context than the one of "pendulum", as the expression "Rather" and "better described" indicate.
	
	The authors suggest in their argumentation that the notion of "pendulum" is inappropriate irrespectively of the context, construing a counter-argumentation against it.
	
	The adjective "useful" is used to provide an argument to support the transposition of the notion of "pendulum" to Brazil.
	
	The contrasting connector "however" indicates that the authors do not believe the metaphor of the "pendulum" to be useful.
	
	The weaker verb "seem" and the modal "might" are not appropriate in academic genres.
	
	
	 10a Questão (Ref.: 202013506297)
	This paragraph shows part of a text which tackles widely spread notions on the concept of deep learning. Analyze the expressions and strategies used by the author and choose the alternative regarding the prothesis or proposition he defends in the extract.
"One could be excused for assuming that deep learning had or will soon usurp all credible work in reasoning, artificial intelligence, and statistics, but like most "meme" class broad generalizations the concept does not hold up to scrutiny. Memes do not generally matter since the experts will always know better; but in the case of Bayesian software like Stan and PyMC3, even their developers and advocates bemoan the apparent dominance of deep learning [...] The facts, however, do not support the assumed dominance of deep learning in science upon closer examination. This letter simply makes the argument by the crudest of possible metrics, citation count, that once the discipline of Computer Science is subtracted, Bayesian software accounts for nearly a third of research citations." Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ail2.62
		
	
	The adverb "simply" and the adjective "crudest" suggest a derogatory tone against the thesis of the dominance of bayesian softwares.
	
	The verb "excuses" and the adjectives "simply" and "crudest" introduce the thesis that deep learning will become prevailing in the author¿s area of inquiry.
	
	The author's core argument is that neither deep learning nor other softwares are currently relevant, according to myriad citations.
	
	The author uses the contrasting connectors "but" and "however", as well as allusions to logos to introduce a counterargument towards the idea that deep learning will dominate his field.
	
	The author appeals to the ethos of "experts", "developers" and "advocates" of his area to support the predominance of deep learning.