<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/52adf43e-47db-4dfc-9763-bbf083afd1d9/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V<span class="blank _0"></span>er<span class="blank _1"></span>são <span class="ff2 ws1">On-line <span class="ff1"> ISBN 978-85-8015-075-9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">Cadernos PDE</div><div class="t m1 x3 h4 y3 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">OS DESAFIOS D<span class="blank _0"></span>A ESCOLA P<span class="blank _1"></span>ÚBLIC<span class="blank _1"></span>A P<span class="blank _2"></span>ARANAENSE</div><div class="t m1 x4 h4 y4 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">NA P<span class="blank _1"></span>ERSP<span class="blank _0"></span>ECTIV<span class="blank _2"></span>A DO P<span class="blank _1"></span>R<span class="blank _1"></span>OFESSOR PDE</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y5 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Produções Didático-P<span class="blank _0"></span>edagógicas</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w2 h1"><img class="bi x6 y6 w3 h5" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/52adf43e-47db-4dfc-9763-bbf083afd1d9/bg2.png"><div class="t m2 x7 h6 y7 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Ficha para identificação da <span class="blank _3"> </span>Produção Didático-pedagógica \u2013 Turma 2013 </div><div class="t m2 x7 h6 y8 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x8 h6 y9 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Título: <span class="ff5">O estudo de genética mo<span class="blank _3"> </span>lecular dentro de uma prática social e o ensino </span></div><div class="t m2 x9 h7 ya ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de Biologia. </div><div class="t m2 xa h6 yb ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">A<span class="blank _1"></span>utor<span class="blank _3"> </span>: <span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="ff5">Kely Severo Josefi</span> </div><div class="t m2 x6 h6 yc ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Disciplina/<span class="blank _3"> </span>Á<span class="blank _1"></span>rea: <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff5"> Biologia </span></div><div class="c x6 yd w4 h8"><div class="t m2 x0 h6 ye ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Escola <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>Implement<span class="blank _1"></span>ação <span class="blank _6"> </span>do<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 x6 h9 yf ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Projeto e sua localização: <span class="blank _7"> </span><span class="ff5 v1"> Colégio Estadual Professor Gildo <span class="blank _1"></span>Aluí<span class="blank _1"></span>sio Schuck - </span></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 yf ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">EMN </div><div class="c x6 y10 w5 h8"><div class="t m2 x0 h6 y11 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Município da escola:</div></div><div class="t m2 xc h6 y12 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls2 ws1"> <span class="ff5 ls3">Laranjeiras do Sul </span></div><div class="c x6 y13 w4 h8"><div class="t m2 x0 h6 y14 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Núcleo <span class="blank _8"> </span>Regional <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"></span> </div></div><div class="t m2 x6 h9 y15 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Educação: <span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ff5 v1">Laranjeiras do Sul </span></div><div class="t m2 x6 h6 y16 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Professor Orientador<span class="blank _1"></span>: <span class="blank _a"> </span><span class="ff5">Sidnei Pressinatte Junior </span></div><div class="t m2 x6 h6 y17 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Instituição de Ensino </div><div class="t m2 x6 h9 y18 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Superior: <span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="ff5 v1">UNICENTRO </span></div><div class="t m2 x6 h6 y19 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Relação Interdisciplinar: <span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="ff5">Química e Filosofia </span></div><div class="t m2 x6 h6 y1a ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Resumo: </div><div class="t m2 x6 h7 y1b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y1c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> Essa </div><div class="c xd y1d w6 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y1e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Unidade <span class="blank _d"> </span>Didática <span class="blank _d"> </span>parte <span class="blank _e"> </span>da <span class="blank _e"> </span>ne<span class="blank _3"> </span>cessidade <span class="blank _e"> </span>da<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y1f w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y20 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">utilização <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>meto<span class="blank _3"> </span>dologia <span class="blank _e"> </span>diferenciada <span class="blank _e"> </span>como<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y21 w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y22 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">propõe <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>Diretriz <span class="blank _e"> </span>Curricular <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>Biologia, <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>fim <span class="blank _e"> </span>de<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y23 w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y24 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">superar <span class="blank _f"> </span>um <span class="blank _d"> </span>ensino <span class="blank _f"> </span>fragmentado <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span>sconexo <span class="blank _d"> </span>ao<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y25 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">cotidian</div><div class="c xe y26 w8 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y27 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">o <span class="blank _10"> </span>dos <span class="blank _10"> </span>estudantes. <span class="blank _10"> </span>Essa <span class="blank _11"> </span>metodologia <span class="blank _11"> </span>é<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y28 w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y29 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">baseada <span class="blank _11"> </span>nos <span class="blank _11"> </span>\u201c<span class="blank _1"></span>passos\u201d <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _12"> </span>João <span class="blank _11"> </span>Luiz <span class="blank _12"> </span>Gasparin<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y2a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">dentro <span class="blank _13"> </span>de <span class="blank _13"> </span>uma <span class="blank _13"> </span>perspectiva <span class="blank _13"> </span>histórico-cr<span class="blank _1"></span>í</div><div class="c xf y2b w9 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y2c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">tica<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y2d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">passando <span class="blank _14"> </span>pelas <span class="blank _14"> </span>seguintes </div><div class="c x10 y2e wa ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y2f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">etap<span class="blank _1"></span>as: <span class="blank _14"> </span>prática <span class="blank _14"> </span>social<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y30 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">inicial, <span class="blank _15"> </span>problematização, <span class="blank _15"> </span>i</div><div class="c x11 y31 wb ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y32 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">nstrumentaliz<span class="blank _1"></span>ação,<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y33 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">catarse <span class="blank _16"> </span>e <span class="blank _16"> </span>o <span class="blank _16"> </span>retorno <span class="blank _16"> </span>à <span class="blank _12"> </span>prátic<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _16"> </span>socia<span class="blank _3"> </span>l. <span class="blank _16"> </span> </div><div class="c x12 y34 wc ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y35 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Com <span class="blank _16"> </span>o<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y36 w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y37 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">desenvolvimento <span class="blank _14"> </span>dessa <span class="blank _17"> </span>pesquisa <span class="blank _17"> </span>pode <span class="blank _17"> </span>contribuir<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y38 w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y39 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">para <span class="blank _18"> </span>que <span class="blank _18"> </span>os <span class="blank _18"> </span>estudantes <span class="blank _18"> </span>possam <span class="blank _18"> </span>ter <span class="blank _18"> </span>uma<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y3a w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y3b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">aprendizagem <span class="blank _19"> </span>e <span class="blank _19"> </span>apro<span class="blank _1"></span>priação <span class="blank _19"> </span>de <span class="blank _19"> </span>conceitos<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _19"> </span>mais<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y3c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">significativos <span class="blank _e"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>contextualizados, <span class="blank _e"> </span>lev<span class="blank _1"></span>ando-</div><div class="c x13 y3d wd ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y3e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">os <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>te<span class="blank _3"> </span>r<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y3f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">maiores </div><div class="c x14 y40 we ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y41 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">argumentos, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>conhecimento <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e <span class="blank _1a"> </span>participação<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y42 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">em <span class="blank _1a"> </span>debates <span class="blank _1a"> </span>dentro <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e <span class="blank _1b"> </span>fora </div><div class="c x15 y43 wf ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y44 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>sala <span class="blank _1a"> </span>de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>aula <span class="blank _1a"> </span>quando<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y45 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">se <span class="blank _19"> </span>trabalha </div><div class="c x16 y46 w10 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y47 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">assuntos <span class="blank _19"> </span>contemporâneos <span class="blank _19"> </span>co<span class="blank _1"></span>mo <span class="blank _19"> </span>as<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y48 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">células-</div><div class="c xe y49 w8 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y4a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">tronco, <span class="blank _13"> </span>terapia <span class="blank _1c"> </span>gênica, <span class="blank _13"> </span>clonagem <span class="blank _13"> </span>e<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y4b w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y4c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">biotecnologias. <span class="blank _17"> </span>Partindo <span class="blank _17"> </span>do <span class="blank _17"> </span>estudo <span class="blank _17"> </span>do <span class="blank _17"> </span>DNA<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _17"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _17"> </span>a<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y4d w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y4e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">síntese <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>prote<span class="blank _3"> </span>ínas <span class="blank _f"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>ut<span class="blank _3"> </span>ilização <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>alguns<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c xb y4f w7 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y50 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">modelos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>pedagógicos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>levand<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _1a"> </span>em <span class="blank _1a"> </span>conside<span class="blank _3"> </span>ração <span class="blank _1b"> </span>a<span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y51 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">história <span class="blank _d"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>ciência<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>dentro<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>um <span class="blank _d"> </span>contexto <span class="blank _d"> </span>social,</div><div class="c x17 y52 w11 ha"><div class="t m2 x0 h7 y53 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y54 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">político e econômico da educa<span class="blank _3"> </span>ção. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w2 h1"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y55 w3 hb" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/52adf43e-47db-4dfc-9763-bbf083afd1d9/bg3.png"><div class="t m2 x6 h6 y56 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Palavras-chave: </div><div class="t m2 x6 h7 y57 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">(3 a 5 palavras) </div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y56 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> Contextualização; <span class="blank _3"> </span>DNA; prática social. </div><div class="t m2 x6 h6 y58 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Formato do Material Didático:</div><div class="c x18 y59 w12 h8"><div class="t m2 x0 h6 y5a ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div></div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y58 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> Unidade didática </div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y5b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="c x6 y5c w13 hc"><div class="t m2 x0 h6 y5d ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div></div><div class="t m2 x6 h6 y5e ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Público: </div><div class="t m2 x6 h6 y5f ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y60 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y5e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Alunos 3° ano do ensino méd<span class="blank _3"> </span>io </div><div class="t m2 xb h7 y5f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y61 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x19 h6 y62 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Unidade Didática </div><div class="t m2 x1a h6 y63 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1b h6 y64 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">A<span class="blank _1"></span>pres<span class="blank _3"> </span>entação </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y65 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1c h7 y66 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Esta <span class="blank _1d"> </span>unidade <span class="blank _1d"> </span>didática <span class="blank _1d"> </span>é <span class="blank _1e"> </span>parte <span class="blank _1e"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _1e"> </span>material <span class="blank _1d"> </span>propo<span class="blank _3"> </span>sto <span class="blank _1e"> </span>aos <span class="blank _1e"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>rofessores </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y67 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">participantes <span class="blank _e"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _e"> </span>Program<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>Desenvolvimento <span class="blank _e"> </span>Educacional <span class="blank _d"> </span>- <span class="blank _e"> </span>PDE, <span class="blank _d"> </span>oportunidade </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y68 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">essa de crescimento prof<span class="blank _3"> </span>issional e acadêmico aos educadores do estado do Pa<span class="blank _3"> </span>raná. </div><div class="t m2 x1c h7 y69 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">O <span class="blank _3"> </span>assu<span class="blank _3"> </span>nto <span class="blank _3"> </span>prop<span class="blank _3"> </span>osto <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span>senvolvimento <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span>ssa <span class="blank _3"> </span>pesquisa <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>rodução <span class="blank _1f"> </span>dessa </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y6a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">unidade <span class="blank _1f"> </span>didática <span class="blank _1f"> </span>parte <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1f"> </span>necessidade <span class="blank _1f"> </span>do <span class="blank _1f"> </span>uso <span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>reflexão <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>metodolo<span class="blank _3"> </span>gias <span class="blank _3"> </span>n<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _1f"> </span>ensino </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y6b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _20"> </span>Biologia, <span class="blank _20"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>odo <span class="blank _1f"> </span>a <span class="blank _20"> </span>propo<span class="blank _3"> </span>rcionar <span class="blank _1f"> </span>ao<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>studantes <span class="blank _1f"> </span>comp<span class="blank _3"> </span>reender <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>rela<span class="blank _3"> </span>cionar <span class="blank _20"> </span>as </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y6c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">questões <span class="blank _21"> </span>do <span class="blank _21"> </span>cotidiano <span class="blank _21"> </span>e <span class="blank _1d"> </span>a <span class="blank _21"> </span>se <span class="blank _21"> </span>posicionar <span class="blank _21"> </span>criticamente <span class="blank _1d"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>rente <span class="blank _21"> </span>a <span class="blank _21"> </span>assuntos </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y6d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">contemporâneos <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _12"> </span>polêmicos <span class="blank _12"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _11"> </span>manipulação <span class="blank _12"> </span>genética <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _12"> </span>suas <span class="blank _12"> </span>aplicações </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y6e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">biotecnológicas. </div><div class="t m2 x1c h7 y6f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Na <span class="blank _e"> </span>escola <span class="blank _6"> </span>pe<span class="blank _3"> </span>rcebe-se <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>dificuldade <span class="blank _e"> </span>dos <span class="blank _e"> </span>est<span class="blank _1"></span>udantes <span class="blank _e"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span>senvolvimento </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y70 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conceitual <span class="blank _1b"> </span>ao <span class="blank _20"> </span>longo <span class="blank _20"> </span>do <span class="blank _1b"> </span>processo <span class="blank _20"> </span>de <span class="blank _20"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>scolarização <span class="blank _20"> </span>perm<span class="blank _3"> </span>anecendo <span class="blank _20"> </span>no <span class="blank _1b"> </span>senso <span class="blank _20"> </span>comum </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y71 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">em <span class="blank _1f"> </span>mu<span class="blank _3"> </span>itos <span class="blank _1f"> </span>conceito<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _20"> </span>conteúdos <span class="blank _1f"> </span>me<span class="blank _3"> </span>diados. <span class="blank _1f"> </span>Ainda<span class="blank _3"> </span>, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>os <span class="blank _1f"> </span>est<span class="blank _3"> </span>udantes <span class="blank _1f"> </span>não <span class="blank _20"> </span>estabelecem </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y72 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">uma <span class="blank _20"> </span>relação <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>con<span class="blank _3"> </span>ceitos <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e <span class="blank _20"> </span>apropriação <span class="blank _1f"> </span>do <span class="blank _20"> </span>conhecimento <span class="blank _20"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>maneira <span class="blank _1f"> </span>ef<span class="blank _3"> </span>iciente, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>não </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y73 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">enxergam <span class="blank _6"> </span>os <span class="blank _6"> </span>conteúdos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>conceitos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>relat<span class="blank _3"> </span>ivos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>studo <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _6"> </span>gené<span class="blank _1"></span>tica <span class="blank _6"> </span>molecular <span class="blank _6"> </span>de </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y74 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">forma contextualizada e conexa ao<span class="blank _3"> </span> seu cotidiano. </div><div class="t m2 x1d h7 y75 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> Essas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>questões <span class="blank _20"> </span>inf<span class="blank _3"> </span>luenciam <span class="blank _1b"> </span>no <span class="blank _20"> </span>processo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _20"> </span>en<span class="blank _3"> </span>sino <span class="blank _20"> </span>e <span class="blank _1b"> </span>aprendizagem <span class="blank _20"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _20"> </span>provoca </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y76 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">nos <span class="blank _22"> </span>educadores <span class="blank _22"> </span>a <span class="blank _22"> </span>necessidade <span class="blank _22"> </span>de <span class="blank _22"> </span>procurar <span class="blank _22"> </span>novas <span class="blank _22"> </span>estratég<span class="blank _1"></span>ias, <span class="blank _22"> </span>abordagen<span class="blank _3"> </span>s </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y77 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">diferenciadas, <span class="blank _19"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"></span>eflexões <span class="blank _19"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _14"> </span>sua <span class="blank _23"> </span>práxis <span class="blank _14"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>edagógica <span class="blank _23"> </span>a <span class="blank _14"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>im <span class="blank _14"> </span>de <span class="blank _23"> </span>promover <span class="blank _23"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y78 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">transformação <span class="blank _16"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>mancipadora <span class="blank _12"> </span>na<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _24"> </span>escola, <span class="blank _16"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _16"> </span>aprend<span class="blank _3"> </span>izagem <span class="blank _16"> </span>mais <span class="blank _24"> </span>significativa, </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w2 h1"><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y79 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">contextualizada <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>ef<span class="blank _3"> </span>icaz <span class="blank _d"> </span>no<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>nteúdos <span class="blank _f"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>apropriação <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conceitos científicos da disciplina de<span class="blank _3"> </span> Biologia. </div><div class="t m2 x1d h7 y7b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Desse <span class="blank _1a"> </span>modo, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>ssa <span class="blank _1b"> </span>unidad<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _1a"> </span>didática <span class="blank _1a"> </span>visa <span class="blank _1a"> </span>proporcionar <span class="blank _1a"> </span>um <span class="blank _1a"> </span>me<span class="blank _3"> </span>lhor <span class="blank _1a"> </span>entendimento </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">dos <span class="blank _25"> </span>conceitos <span class="blank _25"> </span>relativos <span class="blank _25"> </span>á <span class="blank _25"> </span>genética <span class="blank _25"> </span>molecular <span class="blank _25"> </span>utilizando <span class="blank _26"> </span>uma <span class="blank _26"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>etodologia </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">diferenciada <span class="blank"> </span>pau<span class="blank _3"> </span>tada <span class="blank"> </span>nos <span class="blank"> </span>pa<span class="blank _3"> </span>ssos <span class="blank"> </span>pedagógicos <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>Gasparin <span class="blank"> </span>(2007), <span class="blank"> </span>levando <span class="blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">consideração <span class="blank _d"> </span>suas <span class="blank _d"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>imensões <span class="blank _d"> </span>sociais, <span class="blank _d"> </span>econômicas <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>políticas <span class="blank _d"> </span>na <span class="blank _d"> </span>apropriação<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conceitos científicos. </div><div class="t m2 x1a h6 y80 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1e h6 y81 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">MATERIAL DIDÁTICO </div><div class="t m2 x7 h6 y82 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h6 y83 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">FUNDAMENTAÇÃO TEÓRIC<span class="blank _3"> </span>A </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y84 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 y85 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">O <span class="blank _20"> </span>papel <span class="blank _20"> </span>da <span class="blank _20"> </span>escola <span class="blank _20"> </span>e <span class="blank _20"> </span>dos <span class="blank _20"> </span>educadores <span class="blank _20"> </span>é <span class="blank _20"> </span>socializar <span class="blank _20"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>conhe<span class="blank _3"> </span>cimento <span class="blank _20"> </span>acumulado </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y86 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">ao <span class="blank _e"> </span>lon<span class="blank _3"> </span>go <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>tempo, <span class="blank _e"> </span>dentro <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>uma <span class="blank _e"> </span>perspectiva <span class="blank _e"> </span>histórico <span class="blank _e"> </span>crítica. <span class="blank _e"> </span>E <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>partir <span class="blank _e"> </span>desse </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y87 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conhecimento <span class="blank _d"> </span>adquirido <span class="blank _e"> </span>entender <span class="blank _d"> </span>as <span class="blank _e"> </span>contradiçõ<span class="blank _3"> </span>es <span class="blank _e"> </span>sociais, <span class="blank _d"> </span>políticas <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>econômicas </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y88 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">existentes <span class="blank _e"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>n<span class="blank _3"> </span>ossa <span class="blank _6"> </span>socie<span class="blank _3"> </span>dade, <span class="blank _e"> </span>assim <span class="blank _6"> </span>como<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>não <span class="blank _e"> </span>neutralidade <span class="blank _e"> </span>nesse <span class="blank _6"> </span>proc<span class="blank _3"> </span>esso. </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y89 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Havendo <span class="blank _1e"> </span>necessidade <span class="blank _22"> </span>de <span class="blank _22"> </span>um <span class="blank _22"> </span>mé<span class="blank _3"> </span>todo <span class="blank _22"> </span>diferenciado<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _22"> </span>imprescindível <span class="blank _22"> </span>ao <span class="blank _1e"> </span>pleno </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y8a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">desenvolvimento <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>educando <span class="blank _e"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>Diretriz<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Curricular <span class="blank _e"> </span>Estadual <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>Paraná <span class="blank _e"> </span>de </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y8b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Biologia <span class="blank _f"> </span>(DCE, <span class="blank _f"> </span>2008) <span class="blank _f"> </span>nos <span class="blank _f"> </span>traz <span class="blank _f"> </span>como <span class="blank _d"> </span>b<span class="blank _3"> </span>ase <span class="blank _f"> </span>no <span class="blank _f"> </span>processo <span class="blank _f"> </span>pedagógico <span class="blank _d"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>aporte <span class="blank _d"> </span>a </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y8c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">nossos conteúdos de biologia. </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y8d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y8e ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">(...) <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>pedagogia <span class="blank _6"> </span>hist<span class="blank _3"> </span>órico-c<span class="blank _3"> </span>rítica <span class="blank _6"> </span>deve <span class="blank _e"> </span>defender, <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>form<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>radical, <span class="blank _6"> </span>qu<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>apel <span class="blank _6"> </span>da<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y8f ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">escola <span class="blank _3"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onsiste <span class="blank _1f"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>socializar <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _1f"> </span>saber<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>obj<span class="blank _3"> </span>etivo <span class="blank _1f"> </span>historic<span class="blank _3"> </span>am<span class="blank _3"> </span>ente <span class="blank _3"> </span>produ<span class="blank _3"> </span>zido. <span class="blank _1f"> </span>Não <span class="blank _1f"> </span>se <span class="blank _1f"> </span>tr<span class="blank _3"> </span>ata </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y90 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>defender <span class="blank _1b"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1b"> </span>educação <span class="blank _1b"> </span>intelectua<span class="blank _3"> </span>lista <span class="blank _1b"> </span>nem <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>reduzir <span class="blank _1b"> </span>a <span class="blank _1b"> </span>luta <span class="blank _1b"> </span>educac<span class="blank _3"> </span>ional <span class="blank _1b"> </span>a <span class="blank _1b"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y91 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">questão <span class="blank _1a"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>quantidade <span class="blank _1a"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>aior <span class="blank _1b"> </span>ou <span class="blank _1a"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>enor <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1a"> </span>conteúdo<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _1a"> </span>escolares. <span class="blank _1a"> </span>A <span class="blank _1a"> </span>questão <span class="blank _1a"> </span>é <span class="blank _1a"> </span>a <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y92 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">que, <span class="blank _10"> </span>ao <span class="blank _11"> </span>def<span class="blank _3"> </span>ender <span class="blank _10"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>taref<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>entral <span class="blank _10"> </span>da <span class="blank _10"> </span>escola <span class="blank _10"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>ocializaçã<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>do<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>saber </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y93 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">historicam<span class="blank _3"> </span>ente <span class="blank _1d"> </span>produ<span class="blank _3"> </span>zido, <span class="blank _1d"> </span>a <span class="blank _1d"> </span>peda<span class="blank _3"> </span>gogia <span class="blank _1d"> </span>his<span class="blank _3"> </span>tórico-c<span class="blank _3"> </span>rítica <span class="blank _1d"> </span>procura <span class="blank _21"> </span>agudizar <span class="blank _21"> </span>a </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y94 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">contradição <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _1b"> </span>soc<span class="blank _3"> </span>iedade<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1a"> </span>contem<span class="blank _3"> </span>porânea, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>qu<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _1a"> </span>se <span class="blank _6"> </span>apresenta <span class="blank _1a"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _1a"> </span>a <span class="blank _1a"> </span>soc<span class="blank _3"> </span>iedade <span class="blank _1a"> </span>do<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y95 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conhecimento <span class="blank _27"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>q<span class="blank _3"> </span>ue, <span class="blank _f"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>ntretanto, <span class="blank _27"> </span>ao <span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>ontrário <span class="blank _27"> </span>do <span class="blank _f"> </span>q<span class="blank _3"> </span>ue <span class="blank _f"> </span>é <span class="blank _27"> </span>apregoado, <span class="blank _27"> </span>não <span class="blank _f"> </span>cr<span class="blank _3"> </span>ia <span class="blank _27"> </span>as </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y96 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">condições para <span class="blank _3"> </span>uma r<span class="blank _3"> </span>eal socialização do sa<span class="blank _3"> </span>ber. (DU<span class="blank _3"> </span>ARTE, 2004<span class="blank _3"> </span>, p.9) </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y97 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 y98 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">A <span class="blank _6"> </span>disciplina <span class="blank _1a"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>Biologia <span class="blank _1a"> </span>t<span class="blank _3"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>como <span class="blank _1a"> </span>objeto <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>studo <span class="blank _1a"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1a"> </span>fe<span class="blank _3"> </span>nômeno <span class="blank _6"> </span>vida. <span class="blank _1a"> </span>E <span class="blank _6"> </span>no </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y99 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">decorrer <span class="blank _1a"> </span>da <span class="blank _1b"> </span>h<span class="blank _3"> </span>istória <span class="blank _1a"> </span>essa <span class="blank _1b"> </span>t<span class="blank _3"> </span>entativa <span class="blank _1b"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _1a"> </span>compreender <span class="blank _1b"> </span>esse <span class="blank _1a"> </span>fenômeno <span class="blank _1a"> </span>sempre <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>steve </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y9a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">presente. Todo conhecimen<span class="blank _3"> </span>to da disciplina resulta dos modelos teóricos <span class="blank _6"> </span> elaborados </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w2 h1"><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y79 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">pelo <span class="blank _1a"> </span>ser <span class="blank _1a"> </span>humano <span class="blank _1a"> </span>num <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>sforço <span class="blank _1a"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>entender, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>explicar, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>u<span class="blank _3"> </span>sar <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e <span class="blank _1b"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>anipular <span class="blank _1a"> </span>os <span class="blank _1a"> </span>recursos </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">naturais. (PARANÁ, 2008). </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> <span class="blank _28"> </span>Todo <span class="blank _3"> </span>traba<span class="blank _3"> </span>lho <span class="blank _3"> </span>pedagógico <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span>ve <span class="blank _3"> </span>ser <span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>nraizado <span class="blank _3"> </span>numa <span class="blank _3"> </span>conce<span class="blank _3"> </span>pção <span class="blank _3"> </span>pedagógica <span class="blank _3"> </span>e </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">metodológica <span class="blank _16"> </span>que <span class="blank _16"> </span>permita <span class="blank _16"> </span>á <span class="blank _16"> </span>comunidade <span class="blank _16"> </span>escolar <span class="blank _16"> </span>ana<span class="blank _3"> </span>lisar <span class="blank _16"> </span>as <span class="blank _19"> </span>imp<span class="blank _3"> </span>licações <span class="blank _16"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">avanços para o desenvolvimento da<span class="blank _3"> </span> sociedade. </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 y9b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Considerando, <span class="blank _6"> </span>portanto, <span class="blank _6"> </span>Gasparin <span class="blank _1a"> </span>(2007), <span class="blank _6"> </span>no <span class="blank _1a"> </span>qua<span class="blank _3"> </span>l <span class="blank _1a"> </span>propõe<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>cinco <span class="blank _1a"> </span>etapas <span class="blank _6"> </span>com </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y9c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">objetivo <span class="blank _17"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _17"> </span>envolver <span class="blank _17"> </span>o <span class="blank _14"> </span>educando <span class="blank _17"> </span>na <span class="blank _14"> </span>aprendizagem <span class="blank _17"> </span>significa<span class="blank _3"> </span>tiva <span class="blank _17"> </span>dos <span class="blank _17"> </span>conteúdos, </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y80 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">caracterizando <span class="blank _12"> </span>em <span class="blank _24"> </span>um <span class="blank _12"> </span>método<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _24"> </span>dialético <span class="blank _12"> </span>da <span class="blank _12"> </span>Pedagogia <span class="blank _12"> </span>histórico-crítica. <span class="blank _24"> </span>Esses </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y9d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">\u201cpassos\u201d <span class="blank _1a"> </span>pedagógicos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>são <span class="blank _1a"> </span>uma<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>sugestão<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>traba<span class="blank _3"> </span>lho <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que <span class="blank _1a"> </span>po<span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span>r <span class="blank _1b"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1a"> </span>excelente </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y9e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">oportunidade <span class="blank _17"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _17"> </span>construção <span class="blank _17"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>edagógica. <span class="blank _17"> </span>Pa<span class="blank _3"> </span>rtindo <span class="blank _17"> </span>de <span class="blank _14"> </span>uma <span class="blank _17"> </span>prática <span class="blank _17"> </span>socia<span class="blank _3"> </span>l <span class="blank _17"> </span>inicial, </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y9f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">passando <span class="blank _23"> </span>por <span class="blank _14"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _14"> </span>problema<span class="blank _3"> </span>tização, <span class="blank _23"> </span>instrumentalização, <span class="blank _23"> </span>catarse <span class="blank _14"> </span>e <span class="blank _23"> </span>o <span class="blank _23"> </span>retorno <span class="blank _14"> </span>à </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ya0 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">prática social. Gasparin afirma: </div><div class="t m3 x21 hd ya1 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Essa <span class="blank _1f"> </span>nova <span class="blank _1f"> </span>postura<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>im<span class="blank _3"> </span>plica <span class="blank _1f"> </span>trabalhar <span class="blank _20"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onteúdos <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>orma <span class="blank _1f"> </span>contextuali<span class="blank _3"> </span>zada </div><div class="t m3 x21 hd ya2 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">em <span class="blank _3"> </span>todas <span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _3"> </span>áreas<span class="blank _3"> </span> do <span class="blank _3"> </span>conh<span class="blank _3"> </span>ecim<span class="blank _3"> </span>ento hum<span class="blank _3"> </span>ano. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Isso <span class="blank _3"> </span>pos<span class="blank _3"> </span>sibilita <span class="blank _3"> </span>evidenciar <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>os </div><div class="t m3 x21 hd ya3 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">alunos <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>os <span class="blank _1b"> </span>conteúdos <span class="blank _1b"> </span>são <span class="blank _1b"> </span>sem<span class="blank _3"> </span>pre <span class="blank _1b"> </span>uma <span class="blank _1b"> </span>produção <span class="blank _1b"> </span>histórica <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>os </div><div class="t m3 x21 hd ya4 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">homens <span class="blank _3"> </span>conduzem<span class="blank _3"> </span> s<span class="blank _3"> </span>ua vida nas <span class="blank _3"> </span>relações<span class="blank _3"> </span> socia<span class="blank _3"> </span>is de tr<span class="blank _3"> </span>abalho <span class="blank _3"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> cada m<span class="blank _3"> </span>odo </div><div class="t m3 x21 hd ya5 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _29"> </span>produção.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _29"> </span>Consequ<span class="blank _3"> </span>entem<span class="blank _3"> </span>ente, <span class="blank _29"> </span>os <span class="blank _29"> </span>conteúd<span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _29"> </span>reúnem<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _29"> </span>dim<span class="blank _3"> </span>ensões </div><div class="t m3 x21 hd ya6 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conceituais, <span class="blank _21"> </span>h<span class="blank _3"> </span>istóricas, <span class="blank _21"> </span>ec<span class="blank _3"> </span>onômicas<span class="blank _3"> </span>, <span class="blank _21"> </span>ideológicas,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _21"> </span>políticas, <span class="blank _21"> </span>cult<span class="blank _3"> </span>urais, </div><div class="t m3 x21 hd ya7 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">educacionais <span class="blank _23"> </span>que <span class="blank _23"> </span>devem<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _23"> </span>ser <span class="blank _23"> </span>explicitadas <span class="blank _23"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>apr<span class="blank _3"> </span>eendidas <span class="blank _23"> </span>no <span class="blank _23"> </span>processo<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x21 hd ya8 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">ensino-aprendi<span class="blank _3"> </span>zagem<span class="blank _3"> </span>. (GASPARIN, 20<span class="blank _3"> </span>07, p.2). </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ya9 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yaa ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws1"> <span class="ls3 v2">Em <span class="blank _1b"> </span>um <span class="blank _1a"> </span>primeiro <span class="blank _1a"> </span>momento <span class="blank _1a"> </span>do <span class="blank _1b"> </span>trabalho <span class="blank _1a"> </span>pedagógico <span class="blank _1b"> </span>parte-se <span class="blank _1a"> </span>da <span class="blank _1b"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>rática <span class="blank _1b"> </span>socia<span class="blank _3"> </span>l </span></div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yab ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">inicial, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>a <span class="blank _20"> </span>su<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1b"> </span>percepção <span class="blank _1b"> </span>da <span class="blank _1b"> </span>realidade <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e <span class="blank _20"> </span>do<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>conteúdo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que <span class="blank _20"> </span>ma<span class="blank _3"> </span>nifestam, <span class="blank _20"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>uitas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>vezes </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yac ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _20"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span>nso <span class="blank _20"> </span>comum. <span class="blank _1b"> </span>É <span class="blank _20"> </span>nesse <span class="blank _20"> </span>momen<span class="blank _3"> </span>to <span class="blank _20"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>educador <span class="blank _1b"> </span>precisa <span class="blank _20"> </span>ouvir <span class="blank _20"> </span>e <span class="blank _20"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>star <span class="blank _20"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>tento <span class="blank _20"> </span>a </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yad ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">suas <span class="blank"> </span>concepções <span class="blank"> </span>anteriores, <span class="blank"> </span>criando <span class="blank"> </span>um <span class="blank"> </span>momento <span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"></span>mportante <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>sua <span class="blank"> </span>estratégia </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yae ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">pedagógica. <span class="blank _24"> </span>Nas <span class="blank _24"> </span>palavras <span class="blank _16"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _24"> </span>Gasparin <span class="blank _24"> </span>(2007), <span class="blank _24"> </span>\u201cessa <span class="blank _24"> </span>prática <span class="blank _24"> </span>social <span class="blank _24"> </span>traduz <span class="blank _24"> </span>a </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yaf ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">compreensão <span class="blank _20"> </span>e <span class="blank _20"> </span>a <span class="blank _20"> </span>percepção <span class="blank _20"> </span>que <span class="blank _20"> </span>perpassam <span class="blank _20"> </span>todo <span class="blank _20"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>grupo <span class="blank _20"> </span>social <span class="blank _20"> </span>[...] <span class="blank _20"> </span>é <span class="blank _20"> </span>sempre <span class="blank _20"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yb0 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">contextualização <span class="blank _1f"> </span>do <span class="blank _1f"> </span>conteúdo.\u201d <span class="blank _1f"> </span>É <span class="blank _1f"> </span>nessa <span class="blank _3"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>ase <span class="blank _1f"> </span>que <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>ducador <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>redispõe, <span class="blank _3"> </span>mobiliza <span class="blank _1f"> </span>os </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yb1 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">estudantes <span class="blank _f"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>conhece <span class="blank _f"> </span>sua <span class="blank"> </span>explicação <span class="blank _d"> </span>prévia <span class="blank _f"> </span>dos <span class="blank _f"> </span>conte<span class="blank _3"> </span>údos <span class="blank _f"> </span>com <span class="blank _f"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>qual <span class="blank _f"> </span>vai <span class="blank _d"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span>r </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yb2 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">desenvolvido. </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 yb3 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yb4 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">O <span class="blank _3"> </span>ponto d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>partida <span class="blank _3"> </span>do <span class="blank _3"> </span>trabalh<span class="blank _3"> </span>o docen<span class="blank _3"> </span>te <span class="blank _3"> </span>e d<span class="blank _3"> </span>iscente <span class="blank _3"> </span>é <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>pratica <span class="blank _3"> </span>soci<span class="blank _3"> </span>al, ist<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>é, a <span class="blank _3"> </span>vi<span class="blank _3"> </span>vência </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yb5 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">do <span class="blank _24"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onteúdo <span class="blank _12"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>elo <span class="blank _12"> </span>educ<span class="blank _3"> </span>ando, <span class="blank _12"> </span>ta<span class="blank _3"> </span>nto <span class="blank _12"> </span>na <span class="blank _11"> </span>dimensão <span class="blank _12"> </span>próxim<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _12"> </span>e <span class="blank _12"> </span>rem<span class="blank _3"> </span>ota, <span class="blank _12"> </span>am<span class="blank _3"> </span>bas </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yb6 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">consideradas <span class="blank _1a"> </span>partes <span class="blank _1b"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onstitutivas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1b"> </span>socie<span class="blank _3"> </span>dade <span class="blank _1b"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>geral. <span class="blank _1b"> </span>Os<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>alunos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>não <span class="blank _1b"> </span>apre<span class="blank _3"> </span>ndem<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yb7 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">somente <span class="blank _1b"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>desejam<span class="blank _3"> </span>, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _1b"> </span>devem <span class="blank _1b"> </span>apropriar-se <span class="blank _1b"> </span>do <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>é <span class="blank _1b"> </span>socialm<span class="blank _3"> </span>ente <span class="blank _1b"> </span>necess<span class="blank _3"> </span>ário </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yb8 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">para os cidadãos<span class="blank _3"> </span> de hoje. (<span class="blank _3"> </span>GASPARIN, 2<span class="blank _3"> </span>007, p.32,36)<span class="blank _3"> </span>. </div><div class="t m2 x20 h7 yb9 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x20 h7 yba ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w2 h1"><div class="t m2 x1f h7 y79 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Num <span class="blank _3"> </span>segundo momento <span class="blank _3"> </span>essa <span class="blank _3"> </span>visão \u201csincrética\u201d p<span class="blank _3"> </span>recisa se<span class="blank _3"> </span>r questionada, p<span class="blank _3"> </span>osta </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">em <span class="blank _20"> </span>xeque, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>as <span class="blank _20"> </span>interrogações <span class="blank _20"> </span>do <span class="blank _20"> </span>processo <span class="blank _20"> </span>é<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _20"> </span>denominada <span class="blank _1b"> </span>problematiz<span class="blank _1"></span>ação. <span class="blank _1b"> </span>Esta <span class="blank _20"> </span>fase </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ybb ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">propicia <span class="blank _1b"> </span>ao <span class="blank _1b"> </span>estudante <span class="blank _1b"> </span>an<span class="blank _3"> </span>alisar <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e <span class="blank _1b"> </span>apreender <span class="blank _1b"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>conteúdo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>suas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>muitas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>dimensões </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ybc ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">como: conceitual, cientifica, social, po<span class="blank _3"> </span>lítica, econômica, cultural. Permite também que </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ybd ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">percebam <span class="blank _1f"> </span>a <span class="blank _20"> </span>necessidade <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>questiona<span class="blank _3"> </span>r <span class="blank _1f"> </span>a <span class="blank _1f"> </span>realidade, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>seu <span class="blank _1f"> </span>cotidiano, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>que <span class="blank _1f"> </span>pensam, </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ybe ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">o próprio conteúdo escolar. </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 ybf ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yc0 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">A problem<span class="blank _3"> </span>atização represe<span class="blank _3"> </span>nta um<span class="blank _3"> </span> desafio para<span class="blank _3"> </span> professor<span class="blank _3"> </span>es e alunos. T<span class="blank _3"> </span>rata-se de<span class="blank _3"> </span> uma<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yc1 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">nova <span class="blank _20"> </span>form<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _20"> </span>de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>considerar <span class="blank _20"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>conhecim<span class="blank _3"> </span>ento, <span class="blank _20"> </span>tanto <span class="blank _20"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _20"> </span>suas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>finalidades <span class="blank _20"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>ociais <span class="blank _20"> </span>qu<span class="blank _3"> </span>anto<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yc2 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">na <span class="blank _1f"> </span>form<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span>unicá-lo <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>reconstruí-lo. <span class="blank _20"> </span>Para <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>profess<span class="blank _3"> </span>or <span class="blank _1f"> </span>implica <span class="blank _1f"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1f"> </span>nova <span class="blank _20"> </span>maneira </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yc3 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _3"> </span>est<span class="blank _3"> </span>udar <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e <span class="blank _1f"> </span>preparar<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _1f"> </span>que <span class="blank _1f"> </span>será <span class="blank _1f"> </span>tra<span class="blank _3"> </span>balhado <span class="blank _1f"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>os <span class="blank _1f"> </span>alunos: <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _1f"> </span>cont<span class="blank _3"> </span>eúdo <span class="blank _1f"> </span>é <span class="blank _1f"> </span>submetido<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yc4 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">a <span class="blank _27"> </span>dimensões<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _27"> </span>e <span class="blank _27"> </span>quest<span class="blank _3"> </span>ionam<span class="blank _3"> </span>entos <span class="blank _27"> </span>que <span class="blank _27"> </span>ex<span class="blank _3"> </span>igem<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _27"> </span>do <span class="blank _27"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>estre <span class="blank _27"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _27"> </span>reestr<span class="blank _3"> </span>uturação <span class="blank _27"> </span>do </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yc5 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conhecimento q<span class="blank _3"> </span>ue já dom<span class="blank _3"> </span>ina. (GASPARIN, <span class="blank _3"> </span>2007, p.49)<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x7 hd yc6 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m3 x7 hd yc7 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 yc8 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Passando <span class="blank _f"> </span>para <span class="blank _d"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>próximo <span class="blank _d"> </span>po<span class="blank _3"> </span>nto, <span class="blank _d"> </span>ch<span class="blank _3"> </span>ega <span class="blank _d"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>momento <span class="blank _f"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>instrumentalização </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yc9 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">quando <span class="blank _1a"> </span>é <span class="blank _1a"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>presentado <span class="blank _1a"> </span>os <span class="blank _1a"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>nteúdos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>forma <span class="blank _6"> </span>sistematiz<span class="blank _1"></span>ada, <span class="blank _6"> </span>as <span class="blank _1b"> </span>açõe<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _1a"> </span>educativas </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yca ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">para <span class="blank _16"> </span>que <span class="blank _16"> </span>o <span class="blank _16"> </span>conhecimento <span class="blank _16"> </span>se <span class="blank _16"> </span>dê <span class="blank _19"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>través <span class="blank _19"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _16"> </span>mediação <span class="blank _16"> </span>com <span class="blank _16"> </span>o <span class="blank _16"> </span>professor. <span class="blank _16"> </span>Os </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ycb ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">estudantes <span class="blank _22"> </span>ao <span class="blank _1e"> </span>lo<span class="blank _1"></span>ngo <span class="blank _22"> </span>desse <span class="blank _22"> </span>momento <span class="blank _22"> </span>estab<span class="blank _3"> </span>elecem <span class="blank _22"> </span>suas <span class="blank _22"> </span>aproximações <span class="blank _22"> </span>do<span class="blank _3"> </span>s </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ycc ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conteúdos socialmente prod<span class="blank _3"> </span>uzidos. </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ycd ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yce ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Dessa <span class="blank _1b"> </span>forma, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onteúdo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>os <span class="blank _1b"> </span>educandos <span class="blank _1b"> </span>vão <span class="blank _20"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>dquirind<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>ou<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>reconstruindo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>não <span class="blank _1b"> </span>é </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd ycf ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">apenas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>proposto <span class="blank _1b"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>pr<span class="blank _3"> </span>ogram<span class="blank _3"> </span>a; <span class="blank _1b"> </span>vai <span class="blank _20"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>uito <span class="blank _1b"> </span>alem<span class="blank _3"> </span>, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>pois <span class="blank _1b"> </span>envolve <span class="blank _1b"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>conheciment<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>da </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yd0 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">própria <span class="blank _1f"> </span>estr<span class="blank _3"> </span>utura <span class="blank _1f"> </span>soc<span class="blank _3"> </span>ial <span class="blank _1f"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>apitalista, <span class="blank _20"> </span>dentro <span class="blank _1f"> </span>da<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>qual<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>se <span class="blank _1f"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onform<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _1f"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onteúdo <span class="blank _20"> </span>especif<span class="blank _3"> </span>ico </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yd1 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _3"> </span>cad<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1f"> </span>área. <span class="blank _1f"> </span>Ess<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>aber <span class="blank _1f"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onstitui <span class="blank _3"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>instrum<span class="blank _3"> </span>ento, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>erramenta <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>trabalho<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yd2 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">luta <span class="blank _3"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>ocial. <span class="blank _1f"> </span>Por<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>isso, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>não <span class="blank _1f"> </span>é <span class="blank _20"> </span>qualquer <span class="blank _20"> </span>conteúdo, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _1f"> </span>sim <span class="blank _20"> </span>aquele <span class="blank _3"> </span>con<span class="blank _3"> </span>hecim<span class="blank _3"> </span>ento <span class="blank _1f"> </span>que <span class="blank _1f"> </span>se </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yd3 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">mostra <span class="blank _3"> </span>adequa<span class="blank _3"> </span>do <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onstruir <span class="blank _3"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>nova <span class="blank _3"> </span>postura<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>mental <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>respos<span class="blank _3"> </span>ta <span class="blank _3"> </span>apro<span class="blank _3"> </span>priada </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yd4 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">aos problem<span class="blank _3"> </span>as sociais. (GA<span class="blank _3"> </span>SPARIN, 20<span class="blank _3"> </span>07, p.54) </div><div class="t m3 x7 hd yd5 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yd6 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> <span class="blank _28"> </span>Na <span class="blank _1b"> </span>catarse <span class="blank _1b"> </span>há <span class="blank _1b"> </span>uma <span class="blank _1b"> </span>comparação <span class="blank _1b"> </span>daquilo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>foi <span class="blank _1b"> </span>apreendido <span class="blank _1b"> </span>com <span class="blank _1b"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>prob<span class="blank _3"> </span>lema </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yd7 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">inicial <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _1a"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>rática <span class="blank _6"> </span>social, <span class="blank _6"> </span>é <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>fase <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>aior <span class="blank _6"> </span>clareza <span class="blank _1a"> </span>sob<span class="blank _3"> </span>re <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>objeto <span class="blank _6"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>questão, <span class="blank _6"> </span>o </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yd8 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">saber <span class="blank _23"> </span>concreto <span class="blank _14"> </span>pronto <span class="blank _23"> </span>para <span class="blank _14"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>modifica<span class="blank _3"> </span>r <span class="blank _14"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>ações.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>Conf<span class="blank _3"> </span>rontam-se, <span class="blank _14"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>ssim, <span class="blank _14"> </span>os </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yd9 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">saberes <span class="blank _3"> </span>do<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>aluno <span class="blank _3"> </span>com <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>saber <span class="blank _1f"> </span>sistematizado, <span class="blank _3"> </span>num<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>perspectiva <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>uma <span class="blank _3"> </span>aprop<span class="blank _3"> </span>riação </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yda ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _6"> </span>ciência <span class="blank _e"> </span>como <span class="blank _6"> </span>atividade <span class="blank _6"> </span>humana. <span class="blank _6"> </span>E <span class="blank _6"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>locando <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>educando <span class="blank _6"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>agente <span class="blank _6"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span>sse </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ydb ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">processo <span class="blank _23"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>da <span class="blank _23"> </span>apropriação <span class="blank _23"> </span>do <span class="blank _14"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>nhecimento. <span class="blank _14"> </span>\u201cÉ <span class="blank _23"> </span>a <span class="blank _14"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>íntese <span class="blank _14"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _14"> </span>cotidia<span class="blank _3"> </span>no <span class="blank _23"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>do </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ydc ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">científico, <span class="blank _6"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>teórico <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _6"> </span>prático <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>educando <span class="blank _e"> </span>chegou, <span class="blank _6"> </span>marcando <span class="blank _6"> </span>sua <span class="blank _e"> </span>nova </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ydd ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">posição <span class="blank _23"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _23"> </span>relação <span class="blank _14"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _23"> </span>conteúdo <span class="blank _23"> </span>e <span class="blank _23"> </span>à<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _23"> </span>forma <span class="blank _23"> </span>de <span class="blank _23"> </span>sua <span class="blank _23"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>nstrução <span class="blank _23"> </span>social <span class="blank _23"> </span>e <span class="blank _23"> </span>sua </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yde ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">reconstrução na es<span class="blank _3"> </span>cola.\u201d (GASPARIN, 2007, p. 130). </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 ydf ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Na <span class="blank _17"> </span>prát<span class="blank _3"> </span>ica <span class="blank _17"> </span>socia<span class="blank _3"> </span>l <span class="blank _17"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>inal <span class="blank _17"> </span>houve <span class="blank _14"> </span>no <span class="blank _17"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>rocesso <span class="blank _17"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _17"> </span>t<span class="blank _3"> </span>ransformação <span class="blank _17"> </span>intelectua<span class="blank _3"> </span>l </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ye0 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">sendo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>uma <span class="blank _1b"> </span>nova <span class="blank _20"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>aneira <span class="blank _20"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>compreensão <span class="blank _20"> </span>da<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>realidade, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>uma <span class="blank _20"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>ção <span class="blank _20"> </span>conscie<span class="blank _3"> </span>nte <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w2 h1"><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y79 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">envolve <span class="blank _19"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>uas <span class="blank _16"> </span>situações: <span class="blank _16"> </span>uma <span class="blank _16"> </span>n<span class="blank _3"> </span>ova <span class="blank _16"> </span>atitude <span class="blank _19"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>rática <span class="blank _16"> </span>e <span class="blank _16"> </span>uma <span class="blank _16"> </span>proposta <span class="blank _16"> </span>de <span class="blank _16"> </span>ação. </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">\u201cCaracteriza-se <span class="blank _16"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>ela <span class="blank _24"> </span>apropriação <span class="blank _24"> </span>do <span class="blank _24"> </span>saber <span class="blank _16"> </span>con<span class="blank _3"> </span>creto <span class="blank _24"> </span>e <span class="blank _16"> </span>pe<span class="blank _3"> </span>nsado <span class="blank _16"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>ara <span class="blank _24"> </span>atuar <span class="blank _16"> </span>e </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ybb ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">transformar <span class="blank _20"> </span>as <span class="blank _20"> </span>relações <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de <span class="blank _20"> </span>produção <span class="blank _20"> </span>que <span class="blank _1f"> </span>impedem<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>a <span class="blank _20"> </span>construção <span class="blank _20"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>uma<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _20"> </span>sociedade<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ybc ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">mais igualitária.\u201d (DCE, 2008, p.64). </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 ye1 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Gasparin <span class="blank _1b"> </span>explícita <span class="blank _1b"> </span>nas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>orient<span class="blank _3"> </span>ações <span class="blank _1b"> </span>aos <span class="blank _1b"> </span>docentes <span class="blank _1b"> </span>em <span class="blank _1b"> </span>seu <span class="blank _1b"> </span>livro: <span class="blank _1b"> </span>Uma <span class="blank _1b"> </span>Didát<span class="blank _3"> </span>ica </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 ye2 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">para a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica: </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd ye3 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Essa proposta <span class="blank _3"> </span>didático-<span class="blank _3"> </span>pedagógica é c<span class="blank _3"> </span>omplexa <span class="blank _3"> </span>e difíc<span class="blank _3"> </span>il, mas viável.<span class="blank _3"> </span> Requer um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a cer<span class="blank _3"> </span>ta </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd ye4 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">experiência <span class="blank _2a"> </span>profissional <span class="blank _2a"> </span>do <span class="blank _29"> </span>profes<span class="blank _3"> </span>sor. <span class="blank _29"> </span>Creio <span class="blank _29"> </span>nã<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _29"> </span>ser <span class="blank _29"> </span>neces<span class="blank _3"> </span>sário <span class="blank _29"> </span>esper<span class="blank _3"> </span>ar <span class="blank _29"> </span>o </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd ye5 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">amadurec<span class="blank _3"> </span>imento <span class="blank _e"> </span>total, <span class="blank _6"> </span>é <span class="blank _e"> </span>preciso <span class="blank _e"> </span>ousar, <span class="blank _6"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>ar <span class="blank _e"> </span>início <span class="blank _e"> </span>ao <span class="blank _6"> </span>traba<span class="blank _3"> </span>lho, <span class="blank _e"> </span>fazer <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>exper<span class="blank _3"> </span>iência </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd ye6 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">pessoal <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _1a"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>letiva <span class="blank _6"> </span>dessa <span class="blank _6"> </span>nova <span class="blank _6"> </span>forma <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>aprendizagem<span class="blank _3"> </span>, <span class="blank _6"> </span>discutindo <span class="blank _1a"> </span>seus <span class="blank _6"> </span>resultados<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd ye7 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">positivos <span class="blank _27"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>nega<span class="blank _3"> </span>tivos; <span class="blank _27"> </span>não <span class="blank _27"> </span>desistir <span class="blank _f"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>iante <span class="blank _27"> </span>das <span class="blank _f"> </span>pr<span class="blank _3"> </span>im<span class="blank _3"> </span>eiras <span class="blank _27"> </span>dificuldades. <span class="blank _f"> </span>Reco<span class="blank _3"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>eçar </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd ye8 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">sempre. (2007<span class="blank _3"> </span>, p.169) </div><div class="t m2 x7 h6 ye9 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h6 yea ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">A<span class="blank _1"></span>PRES<span class="blank _3"> </span>ENT<span class="blank _3"> </span>A<span class="blank _1"></span>Ç<span class="blank _3"> </span>Ã<span class="blank _1"></span>O DO <span class="blank _3"> </span>TEMA ESTUDADO </div><div class="t m2 x7 h6 yeb ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 yec ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">No <span class="blank _20"> </span>fina<span class="blank _3"> </span>l <span class="blank _20"> </span>do <span class="blank _20"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>éculo <span class="blank _20"> </span>XX <span class="blank _20"> </span>hou<span class="blank _3"> </span>veram <span class="blank _20"> </span>avanços <span class="blank _20"> </span>extraordinários <span class="blank _1b"> </span>em <span class="blank _20"> </span>várias <span class="blank _1b"> </span>áreas <span class="blank _20"> </span>da </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yed ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">ciência. <span class="blank _20"> </span>O <span class="blank _20"> </span>conhecimento <span class="blank _20"> </span>genético <span class="blank _20"> </span>é <span class="blank _20"> </span>uma<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>essas <span class="blank _20"> </span>áreas <span class="blank _20"> </span>que <span class="blank _20"> </span>teve <span class="blank _20"> </span>especialmen<span class="blank _3"> </span>te <span class="blank _20"> </span>nas </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yee ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">últimas <span class="blank _3"> </span>três <span class="blank _3"> </span>década<span class="blank _3"> </span>s um <span class="blank _3"> </span>avanço<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>notável. <span class="blank _3"> </span>A <span class="blank _3"> </span>ciência <span class="blank _3"> </span>genética <span class="blank _3"> </span>iniciou <span class="blank _3"> </span>com <span class="blank _3"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _3"> </span>trabalhos </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yef ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">de <span class="blank _20"> </span>Gregor <span class="blank _1f"> </span>Men<span class="blank _3"> </span>del <span class="blank _20"> </span>em <span class="blank _1f"> </span>186<span class="blank _3"> </span>5 <span class="blank _20"> </span>com <span class="blank _1f"> </span>suas <span class="blank _20"> </span>leis <span class="blank _20"> </span>fundamentais <span class="blank _20"> </span>de <span class="blank _20"> </span>herança, <span class="blank _20"> </span>sugerindo <span class="blank _20"> </span>que </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yf0 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">\u201ctodas <span class="blank _f"> </span>as <span class="blank"> </span>célul<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _f"> </span>continham <span class="blank _f"> </span>pares<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>fa<span class="blank _3"> </span>tores <span class="blank _f"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>que <span class="blank _f"> </span>cada <span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>ar <span class="blank _f"> </span>determinava <span class="blank _f"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yd5 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">característica <span class="blank _20"> </span>específica. <span class="blank _20"> </span>E <span class="blank _20"> </span>que <span class="blank _1f"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span>gregavam <span class="blank _20"> </span>durante <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _20"> </span>processo <span class="blank _1f"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _1f"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>ormação <span class="blank _20"> </span>de </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yf1 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">gametas, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _1b"> </span>independente <span class="blank _1b"> </span>da <span class="blank _1b"> </span>segregação <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>outros <span class="blank _20"> </span>fa<span class="blank _3"> </span>tores\u201d <span class="blank _1b"> </span>(SNUSTAD, <span class="blank _1b"> </span>2001, </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yf2 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">p. <span class="blank _20"> </span>4). <span class="blank _1f"> </span>Essas <span class="blank _20"> </span>leis <span class="blank _1f"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>ormam <span class="blank _1f"> </span>a <span class="blank _20"> </span>base <span class="blank _20"> </span>da <span class="blank _1f"> </span>genética <span class="blank _20"> </span>clássica <span class="blank _20"> </span>e <span class="blank _1f"> </span>os <span class="blank _20"> </span>fundamentos <span class="blank _1f"> </span>da<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>genética </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yf3 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">moderna. </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 yf4 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Todos <span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>organismos <span class="blank _3"> </span>vivos, <span class="blank _3"> </span>exceto <span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>vírus, <span class="blank _3"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank _1f"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _3"> </span>como m<span class="blank _3"> </span>olécula </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yf5 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">essencial <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>informação <span class="blank _17"> </span>genética <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>compartilham <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank"> </span>código <span class="blank"> </span>genético <span class="blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yf6 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">acordo <span class="blank _6"> </span>com <span class="blank _e"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"></span>ada <span class="blank _6"> </span>espécie. <span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>E<span class="blank _3"> </span>sse <span class="blank _6"> </span>material <span class="blank _6"> </span>genético <span class="blank _6"> </span>ao <span class="blank _6"> </span>longo <span class="blank _6"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>história <span class="blank _6"> </span>foi <span class="blank _6"> </span>sendo </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yf7 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">desvendado e ainda temos um caminho <span class="blank _3"> </span>grande a percorrer. </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 yf8 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Em <span class="blank _6"> </span>1953 <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Jame<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _1b"> </span>W<span class="blank _1f"> </span>atson, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Francis <span class="blank _6"> </span>Crick <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Maurice <span class="blank _1a"> </span>W<span class="blank _1f"> </span>ilkins <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>Rosalind <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Fran<span class="blank _3"> </span>klin </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yf9 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">propuseram <span class="blank _e"> </span>o <span class="blank _e"> </span>modelo <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>estrutura <span class="blank _e"> </span>dupla <span class="blank _e"> </span>hélice <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>DNA, <span class="blank _e"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"></span>onsiderada <span class="blank _e"> </span>por <span class="blank _e"> </span>muitos </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yfa ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">como <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>descoberta <span class="blank _e"> </span>biológica <span class="blank _e"> </span>mais <span class="blank _e"> </span>imp<span class="blank _3"> </span>ortante <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>século <span class="blank _e"> </span>XX. <span class="blank _e"> </span>Tudo <span class="blank _e"> </span>começou <span class="blank _e"> </span>com </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 yfb ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">inúmeros <span class="blank"> </span>experim<span class="blank _3"> </span>entos <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>le<span class="blank _3"> </span>varam <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _17"> </span>acreditar <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>DNA <span class="blank"> </span>é<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>aterial </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w2 h1"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x22 yfc w14 he" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/52adf43e-47db-4dfc-9763-bbf083afd1d9/bg8.png"><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y79 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">genético <span class="blank _23"> </span>e <span class="blank _19"> </span>não <span class="blank _23"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span>utro <span class="blank _23"> </span>material <span class="blank _19"> </span>encontrado <span class="blank _23"> </span>na <span class="blank _19"> </span>célula, <span class="blank _23"> </span>por <span class="blank _19"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _19"> </span>gorduras <span class="blank _23"> </span>e </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y7a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">carboidratos. </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yfd ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">O <span class="blank _20"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>odelo <span class="blank _20"> </span>da <span class="blank _1b"> </span>dupla <span class="blank _1b"> </span>hélice <span class="blank _1b"> </span>proposto <span class="blank _20"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>or <span class="blank _20"> </span>W<span class="blank _1f"> </span>atson <span class="blank _20"> </span>e <span class="blank _1b"> </span>Crick <span class="blank _1b"> </span>foi <span class="blank _20"> </span>cons<span class="blank _3"> </span>truído <span class="blank _20"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>om <span class="blank _1b"> </span>base <span class="blank _20"> </span>em </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yfe ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">resultados <span class="blank _1a"> </span>de <span class="blank _1b"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>ientistas <span class="blank _1a"> </span>anter<span class="blank _3"> </span>iores. <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Eles <span class="blank _1a"> </span>se <span class="blank _1b"> </span>bas<span class="blank _3"> </span>earam<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>desc<span class="blank _3"> </span>obertas <span class="blank _1a"> </span>pioneiras <span class="blank _1a"> </span>da<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd yff ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">composição <span class="blank _27"> </span>quím<span class="blank _3"> </span>ica <span class="blank _27"> </span>do <span class="blank _27"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _27"> </span>e <span class="blank _27"> </span>as <span class="blank _27"> </span>proporções <span class="blank _27"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _27"> </span>suas <span class="blank _27"> </span>bases. <span class="blank _27"> </span>Alem <span class="blank _27"> </span>disso, <span class="blank _27"> </span>as </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y100 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">imagens <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>dif<span class="blank _3"> </span>ração <span class="blank _3"> </span>de r<span class="blank _3"> </span>aios<span class="blank _3"> </span> X<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>revelaram<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>aos <span class="blank _3"> </span>olhos b<span class="blank _3"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span>-treinados <span class="blank _3"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _3"> </span>é <span class="blank _3"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"> </span>a </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y101 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">hélice <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>dimensões <span class="blank _1a"> </span>precisas<span class="blank _3"> </span>. <span class="blank _20"> </span>W<span class="blank _1f"> </span>atson <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Crick <span class="blank _1b"> </span>conc<span class="blank _3"> </span>luíram <span class="blank _1a"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _1b"> </span>é <span class="blank _1a"> </span>uma <span class="blank _1b"> </span>dup<span class="blank _3"> </span>la </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y102 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">hélice <span class="blank _1b"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>ompos<span class="blank _3"> </span>ta <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>dois <span class="blank _1a"> </span>filam<span class="blank _3"> </span>entos <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>nucleot<span class="blank _3"> </span>ídeos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>ligados <span class="blank _1a"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>nrolam<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1a"> </span>um <span class="blank _1b"> </span>ao<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y103 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">redor do outr<span class="blank _3"> </span>o. (GRIFFIT<span class="blank _3"> </span>HS, 2006, p, <span class="blank _3"> </span>220 ). </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y104 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 y105 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Sobre <span class="blank _e"> </span>Rosalind <span class="blank _e"> </span>Frankli<span class="blank _1"></span>n <span class="blank _e"> </span>é <span class="blank _e"> </span>necessário <span class="blank _6"> </span>ob<span class="blank _3"> </span>serv<span class="blank _1"></span>ar <span class="blank _e"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>seguinte<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>nas <span class="blank _6"> </span>pala<span class="blank _3"> </span>vras <span class="blank _6"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y106 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Osada e Costa (2006, p.157). </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y107 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Considerada <span class="blank _1a"> </span>uma <span class="blank _1a"> </span>das <span class="blank _1b"> </span>cientistas <span class="blank _1b"> </span>mais <span class="blank _1b"> </span>im<span class="blank _3"> </span>portantes <span class="blank _1b"> </span>da <span class="blank _1a"> </span>biologia <span class="blank _1b"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>olecular <span class="blank _1b"> </span>cuja <span class="blank _1b"> </span>vida <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y108 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">trabalho <span class="blank _14"> </span>foram<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _17"> </span>r<span class="blank _3"> </span>odeados <span class="blank _14"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>in<span class="blank _3"> </span>úmer<span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _14"> </span>situações <span class="blank _17"> </span>pr<span class="blank _3"> </span>econceituosas, <span class="blank _14"> </span>con<span class="blank _3"> </span>trovérs<span class="blank _3"> </span>ias, </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y109 ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Franklin <span class="blank _1a"> </span>talvez <span class="blank _1b"> </span>tenh<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _1b"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>ido <span class="blank _1a"> </span>uma <span class="blank _1a"> </span>das <span class="blank _1b"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>aiores <span class="blank _1b"> </span>injus<span class="blank _3"> </span>tiçadas <span class="blank _1a"> </span>da <span class="blank _1b"> </span>histór<span class="blank _3"> </span>ia <span class="blank _1b"> </span>da <span class="blank _1a"> </span>biolog<span class="blank _3"> </span>ia. <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Os </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y10a ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">três <span class="blank _3"> </span>pesquisadores, <span class="blank _3"> </span>Cr<span class="blank _3"> </span>ick, <span class="blank _3"> </span>W<span class="blank _3"> </span>atson e W<span class="blank _1f"> </span>ilkins r<span class="blank _3"> </span>eceberam <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>Prêmio <span class="blank _3"> </span>Nobel em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>1962 <span class="blank _3"> </span>pela </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y10b ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">descoberta, <span class="blank _20"> </span>q<span class="blank _3"> </span>uatro <span class="blank _20"> </span>anos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _20"> </span>após <span class="blank _20"> </span>a <span class="blank _20"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>orte <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _20"> </span>Franklin, <span class="blank _20"> </span>causada <span class="blank _20"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>ela <span class="blank _20"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>uperexposição <span class="blank _1b"> </span>ao </div><div class="t m3 x20 hd y10c ff5 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Raio X. </div><div class="t m2 x20 h7 y10d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 y10e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Muitos <span class="blank"> </span>outros <span class="blank _f"> </span>antes <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>elaboração <span class="blank _f"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>modelo <span class="blank _f"> </span>já <span class="blank"> </span>haviam <span class="blank _f"> </span>fornecido <span class="blank"> </span>dados </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y10f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">sobre <span class="blank _20"> </span>a <span class="blank _1f"> </span>compo<span class="blank _3"> </span>sição <span class="blank _1f"> </span>e <span class="blank _20"> </span>funcionamento <span class="blank _1f"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>DNA, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>como <span class="blank _20"> </span>em <span class="blank _1f"> </span>1869<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _20"> </span>bioquímico <span class="blank _1f"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>lemão </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y110 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Johann <span class="blank _6"> </span>Friedrich <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Miesche<span class="blank _3"> </span>r (1844 <span class="blank _1a"> </span>\u2013<span class="blank _3"> </span>1895) <span class="blank _1a"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>buscava <span class="blank _1a"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>eterminar <span class="blank _1a"> </span>os <span class="blank _6"> </span>componente<span class="blank _3"> </span>s </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y111 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">químicos <span class="blank _d"> </span>do<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>núcleo <span class="blank _f"> </span>celular <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>usava <span class="blank _d"> </span>leucó<span class="blank _3"> </span>citos, <span class="blank _d"> </span>uma <span class="blank _d"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _d"> </span>cé<span class="blank _3"> </span>lulas <span class="blank _d"> </span>do <span class="blank _d"> </span>sangue <span class="blank _f"> </span>que </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y112 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">conseguia <span class="blank _20"> </span>em <span class="blank _1f"> </span>abun<span class="blank _3"> </span>dância <span class="blank _1f"> </span>no <span class="blank _20"> </span>pus <span class="blank _20"> </span>para <span class="blank _1f"> </span>suas <span class="blank _20"> </span>pesquisas <span class="blank _20"> </span>e <span class="blank _1f"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>nstatou <span class="blank _1f"> </span>uma <span class="blank _20"> </span>substância </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y113 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">chamada <span class="blank _e"> </span>nucleína <span class="blank _e"> </span>- <span class="blank _e"> </span>encontrada <span class="blank _e"> </span>no <span class="blank _e"> </span>interior <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>todas <span class="blank _6"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _e"> </span>células. <span class="blank _e"> </span>Em <span class="blank _e"> </span>1880, <span class="blank _e"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>outro </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y114 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">pesquisador <span class="blank _23"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>lemão, <span class="blank _23"> </span>Albrecht <span class="blank _23"> </span>Ko<span class="blank _3"> </span>ssel (1883 <span class="blank _23"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _23"> </span>1927), <span class="blank _23"> </span>ce<span class="blank _3"> </span>rtificou <span class="blank _23"> </span>que <span class="blank _23"> </span>a <span class="blank _23"> </span>nu<span class="blank _3"> </span>cleína </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y115 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">possuía <span class="blank _3"> </span>base<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _3"> </span>nitrogenadas <span class="blank _1f"> </span>em <span class="blank _3"> </span>sua<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>estrutura, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>explicando <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>ato <span class="blank _3"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>n<span class="blank _3"> </span>ucleína <span class="blank _3"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span>r <span class="blank _3"> </span>rica </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y116 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">em <span class="blank _24"> </span>nitrogênio. <span class="blank _24"> </span>Nove <span class="blank _24"> </span>anos <span class="blank _24"> </span>depois, <span class="blank _24"> </span>Richard <span class="blank _16"> </span>Altm<span class="blank _3"> </span>ann (1852 <span class="blank _24"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _16"> </span>19<span class="blank _3"> </span>00), <span class="blank _16"> </span>alu<span class="blank _3"> </span>no <span class="blank _16"> </span>de </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y117 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Miescher, <span class="blank _6"> </span>obteve <span class="blank _1a"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>nucleína <span class="blank _1a"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>m <span class="blank _6"> </span>alto <span class="blank _1a"> </span>grau <span class="blank _1a"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>pureza <span class="blank _1a"> </span>ácida <span class="blank _6"> </span>denominando-a <span class="blank _6"> </span>como </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y118 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">ácido <span class="blank _6"> </span>nucleico. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Em <span class="blank _1a"> </span>1912<span class="blank _3"> </span>, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>P<span class="blank _3"> </span>hoebus <span class="blank _6"> </span>Levine(1869 <span class="blank _6"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _6"> </span>1940) <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _1b"> </span>W<span class="blank _1f"> </span>alter <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Jacobs <span class="blank _6"> </span>(1883 <span class="blank _6"> </span>\u2013 </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y119 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">1967) <span class="blank _17"> </span>ob<span class="blank _3"> </span>servaram <span class="blank _17"> </span>que <span class="blank _14"> </span>o <span class="blank _17"> </span>componente<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _17"> </span>essencial <span class="blank _17"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _17"> </span>ácidos <span class="blank _17"> </span>n<span class="blank _3"> </span>ucleicos <span class="blank _17"> </span>era <span class="blank _14"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y11a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">estrutura <span class="blank _3"> </span>composta <span class="blank _1f"> </span>por <span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>b<span class="blank _3"> </span>ase <span class="blank _3"> </span>nitrogenada <span class="blank _1f"> </span>ligada <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>uma <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>entose, <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>esta <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>or <span class="blank _3"> </span>sua <span class="blank _3"> </span>vez, </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y11b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">ligada a um fosfato, chamada de nu<span class="blank _3"> </span>cleotídeo. </div><div class="t m2 x1f h7 y11c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Veja <span class="blank _1e"> </span>abaixo <span class="blank _22"> </span>na<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1e"> </span>cronologia <span class="blank _22"> </span>os<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _22"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>eitos <span class="blank _1e"> </span>científicos <span class="blank _22"> </span>que <span class="blank _1e"> </span>possibilitaram <span class="blank _1e"> </span>o </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y11d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">sequenciamento do DNA humano<span class="blank _3"> </span>: </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y11e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w2 h1"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x23 y11f w15 hf" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/52adf43e-47db-4dfc-9763-bbf083afd1d9/bg9.png"><div class="t m2 x24 h6 y120 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">A<span class="blank _1"></span>no<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _2b"> </span>Evento </div><div class="t m2 x25 h6 y121 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x26 h6 y122 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">1859 <span class="blank _2c"> </span><span class="ff5">Publicação <span class="blank _17"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>\u201cA <span class="blank _17"> </span>Origem <span class="blank _17"> </span>das <span class="blank _17"> </span>Espécies\u201d, <span class="blank _17"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>Charles </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y123 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Darwin. </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y124 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">1866 <span class="ff5"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Gregor <span class="blank _12"> </span>Mend<span class="blank _3"> </span>el <span class="blank _12"> </span>pub<span class="blank _3"> </span>lica <span class="blank _12"> </span>seus <span class="blank _12"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>studos <span class="blank _12"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _12"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>atores </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y125 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">hereditários em ervilhas. </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y126 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1869<span class="ff5 ws1"> </span></div><div class="t m2 x29 h10 y127 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws1"> <span class="ls3 v3">Friedrich <span class="blank _d"> </span>Miesche<span class="blank _3"> </span>r <span class="blank _d"> </span>isola <span class="blank _f"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _d"> </span>pela <span class="blank _f"> </span>primeira <span class="blank _f"> </span>vez, <span class="blank _d"> </span>ao </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y127 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">qual dá o nome de nu<span class="blank _3"> </span>cleína. </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y128 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1879<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>W<span class="blank _3"> </span>alter <span class="blank _1d"> </span>Flemming <span class="blank _21"> </span>descobre <span class="blank _21"> </span>o <span class="blank _21"> </span>comportame<span class="blank _3"> </span>nto <span class="blank _1d"> </span>dos </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y129 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">cromossomos durante a divisão celu<span class="blank _3"> </span>lar. </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y12a ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1900<span class="ff5 ws1"> </span></div><div class="t m2 x29 h10 yc3 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls6 ws1"> <span class="ls3 v3">Trabalho <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>Me<span class="blank _3"> </span>ndel <span class="blank _6"> </span>é <span class="blank _6"> </span>redescoberto <span class="blank _6"> </span>por <span class="blank _6"> </span>três <span class="blank _6"> </span>bo<span class="blank _3"> </span>tânicos </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 yc3 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">ao <span class="blank _d"> </span>me<span class="blank _3"> </span>smo <span class="blank _d"> </span>tempo <span class="blank _f"> </span>-- <span class="blank _f"> </span>Hugo <span class="blank _d"> </span>DeVries, <span class="blank _f"> </span>Carl <span class="blank _f"> </span>Correns <span class="blank _f"> </span>and </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y12b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Erich von Tschermak </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y12c ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1909<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Cria-se <span class="blank _12"> </span>o <span class="blank _12"> </span>termo <span class="blank _12"> </span>gene <span class="blank _12"> </span>para <span class="blank _12"> </span>descrever <span class="blank _12"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _24"> </span>un<span class="blank _3"> </span>idades </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y12d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">mendelianas de hered<span class="blank _3"> </span>itariedade </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y12e ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1911<span class="ff5 ws1"> </span></div><div class="t m2 x29 h10 y12f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1"> <span class="ls3 v3">Experiência <span class="blank _26"> </span>com <span class="blank _26"> </span>moscas <span class="blank _26"> </span>de <span class="blank _26"> </span>frutas <span class="blank _26"> </span>con<span class="blank _1"></span>firmam <span class="blank _26"> </span>a </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y12f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">hereditariedade de mutaçõ<span class="blank _3"> </span>es específicas. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y130 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y131 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1944<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>- <span class="blank _16"> </span>Oswald <span class="blank _16"> </span>Avery, <span class="blank _16"> </span>Colin <span class="blank _24"> </span>MacLeod <span class="blank _16"> </span>e <span class="blank _24"> </span>Maclyn <span class="blank _16"> </span>McCarty </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y132 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">demonstram que o DNA é hered<span class="blank _3"> </span>itário </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y133 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1953<span class="ff5 ws1"> </span></div><div class="t m2 x29 h10 y134 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1"> <span class="ls3 v3">James <span class="blank _1f"> </span>W<span class="blank _3"> </span>atson <span class="blank _20"> </span>e <span class="blank _1f"> </span>Francis <span class="blank _20"> </span>Crick <span class="blank _1f"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>escrevem <span class="blank _20"> </span>pela <span class="blank _20"> </span>primeira </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y134 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">vez a estrutura dupla-hélice da molé<span class="blank _3"> </span>cula de DNA. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y135 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y136 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1956<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Joe Hin Tjio define o núme<span class="blank _3"> </span>ro de cromossomos em 46. </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y137 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y138 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1972<span class="ff5 ws1"> </span></div><div class="t m2 x29 h10 y139 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1"> <span class="ls3 v3">Stanley <span class="blank _10"> </span>Cohen <span class="blank _29"> </span>e <span class="blank _10"> </span>Herbert <span class="blank _10"> </span>Bo<span class="blank _3"> </span>yer <span class="blank _10"> </span>fazem <span class="blank _10"> </span>a <span class="blank _10"> </span>prim<span class="blank _3"> </span>eira </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y139 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">manipulação <span class="blank"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _17"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>laboratório <span class="blank _17"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>criam <span class="blank"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>DNA </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y13a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">recombinante. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y13b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y13c ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1977<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Frederick <span class="blank _21"> </span>Sanger, <span class="blank _21"> </span>Allan <span class="blank _21"> </span>Maxam <span class="blank _21"> </span>e <span class="blank _1d"> </span>W<span class="blank _3"> </span>alter <span class="blank _21"> </span>Gilbert </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y13d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">desenvolvem método de sequenciame<span class="blank _3"> </span>nto de DNA. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y13e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y13f ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1981<span class="ff5 ws1"> </span></div><div class="t m2 x29 h10 y140 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws1"> <span class="ls3 v3">São <span class="blank _1a"> </span>criados <span class="blank _1a"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _1a"> </span>primeiros <span class="blank _1a"> </span>animais <span class="blank _1a"> </span>tran<span class="blank _3"> </span>sgênicos: <span class="blank _1a"> </span>ratos <span class="blank _1a"> </span>e </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y140 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">moscas de frutas. </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y141 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1982<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span> O <span class="blank _1b"> </span>GenBank <span class="blank _20"> </span>\u2013<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _20"> </span>o <span class="blank _1b"> </span>banco <span class="blank _1b"> </span>de <span class="blank _20"> </span>dados <span class="blank _1b"> </span>genético <span class="blank _20"> </span>dos <span class="blank _1b"> </span>Estados </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y142 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Unidos - é estabelecido. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y143 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y144 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1983<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Primeiro <span class="blank _f"> </span>gene <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>doen<span class="blank _3"> </span>ça <span class="blank _d"> </span>hum<span class="blank _3"> </span>ana <span class="blank _d"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _f"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>oença <span class="blank _f"> </span>de </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y145 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Huntington - é mapeado. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y146 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y147 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1985<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>A <span class="blank _1b"> </span>reação <span class="blank _1b"> </span>em <span class="blank _20"> </span>ca<span class="blank _3"> </span>deia <span class="blank _1b"> </span>da <span class="blank _20"> </span>polim<span class="blank _3"> </span>erase <span class="blank _1b"> </span>(PCR), <span class="blank _20"> </span>uma<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>técnica </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y148 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">para <span class="blank _26"> </span>copiar <span class="blank _26"> </span>rapidamente <span class="blank _26"> </span>sequências <span class="blank _21"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _26"> </span>DNA, <span class="blank _26"> </span>é </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y149 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">inventada. <span class="blank _6"> </span>A <span class="blank _6"> </span>PCR <span class="blank _6"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>celerou <span class="blank _6"> </span>os <span class="blank _6"> </span>avanços <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _6"> </span>en<span class="blank _3"> </span>genharia </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w2 h1" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w2 h1"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x23 y14a w15 h11" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/52adf43e-47db-4dfc-9763-bbf083afd1d9/bga.png"><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y120 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">genética. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y121 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y122 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1990<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Lançamento do Projeto do Genoma Humano. </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y123 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y124 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1994<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Alimentos <span class="blank _10"> </span>geneticamente <span class="blank _10"> </span>alterados <span class="blank _11"> </span>começam<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>a <span class="blank _10"> </span>ser </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y125 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">comercializados nos EUA. </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y126 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1995<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Duas <span class="blank _8"> </span>bactérias <span class="blank _8"> </span>tê<span class="blank _3"> </span>m <span class="blank _8"> </span>seus <span class="blank _8"> </span>genom<span class="blank _3"> </span>as </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y14b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">sequenciados: <span class="ff6">Haemophilus <span class="blank _2e"> </span>influenzae</span> e <span class="ff6">Mycoplasma </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y14c ff6 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">genitalium<span class="ff5 ls8 ws1"> . </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y14d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y14e ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">1996 <span class="ff5"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Começa <span class="blank _e"> </span>projeto <span class="blank _e"> </span>pilot<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>sequenciamento<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>genoma </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y14f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">humano. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y150 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y151 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">1997 <span class="ff5 ls9"> <span class="ls3 v0">Genoma da bactéria <span class="ff6">Escherichia<span class="blank _3"> </span> coli</span> é sequenciado. </span></span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y152 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">A ovelha Dolly é clonada<span class="blank _3"> </span>. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y153 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y154 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">1998<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>A <span class="blank _2f"> </span>empresa <span class="blank _2f"> </span>Celera <span class="blank _2f"> </span>anuncia <span class="blank _2f"> </span>que <span class="blank _2f"> </span>completaria <span class="blank _18"> </span>o </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y155 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">sequenciamento <span class="blank _1a"> </span>completo <span class="blank _1a"> </span>do <span class="blank _1a"> </span>genoma<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1a"> </span>humano <span class="blank _1b"> </span>em<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1a"> </span>três </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y156 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">anos. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y157 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Genoma <span class="blank _1e"> </span>da <span class="blank _1e"> </span>lombriga <span class="blank _1e"> </span>( <span class="ff6">Caenorhabditis <span class="blank _1e"> </span>el<span class="blank _1"></span>egan<span class="blank _3"> </span>s<span class="ff5"> ) <span class="blank _22"> </span>é </span></span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y158 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">sequenciado <span class="blank _30"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _25"> </span>é <span class="blank _30"> </span>o <span class="blank _30"> </span>primeiro <span class="blank _25"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _25"> </span>um <span class="blank _25"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span>rganismo </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y159 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">multicelular. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y15a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y15b ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">2000<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>O rascunho do genoma h<span class="blank _3"> </span>umano é concluído. </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y15c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y15d ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws2">2001<span class="ff5 ws1"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Os <span class="blank _e"> </span>dados <span class="blank _6"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _e"> </span>genoma <span class="blank _6"> </span>huma<span class="blank _3"> </span>no <span class="blank _e"> </span>são <span class="blank _6"> </span>publicados.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Ele <span class="blank _6"> </span>só </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y15e ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">seria completamente concluído <span class="blank _3"> </span>em 2003. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y15f ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y160 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">2003 <span class="ff5"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Após <span class="blank _1f"> </span>ser <span class="blank _1f"> </span>diagnosticada <span class="blank _1f"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>artrite <span class="blank _1f"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>egenerativa, <span class="blank _3"> </span>ovelha </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y161 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Dolly é abatida. </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y162 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y163 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">2007 <span class="ff5"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>James <span class="blank _d"> </span>D. <span class="blank _e"> </span>W<span class="blank _3"> </span>atson <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>J. <span class="blank _d"> </span>Craig <span class="blank _e"> </span>Ven<span class="blank _3"> </span>ter <span class="blank _e"> </span>sã<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>os <span class="blank _e"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>rimeiros </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y164 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">indivíduos <span class="blank _1c"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1c"> </span>te<span class="blank _3"> </span>rem <span class="blank _31"> </span>seus <span class="blank _31"> </span>genomas <span class="blank _1c"> </span>individuais </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y165 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">completamente sequenciado<span class="blank _3"> </span>s </div><div class="t m2 x27 h7 y166 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x28 h6 y167 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">2010 <span class="ff5"> <span class="blank _2d"> </span>Cientistas criam célu<span class="blank _3"> </span>la a partir de genoma sintético. </span></div><div class="t m2 x27 h6 y168 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y169 ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">Adaptado <span class="blank"> </span>de: <span class="blank"> </span>http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/geno<span class="blank _3"> </span>mahumano/cronologia-os-passos-</div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y16a ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1">ate-o-genoma/n1237680683236<span class="blank _3"> </span>.html </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y16b ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y16c ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div><div class="t m2 x7 h7 y16d ff5 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws1"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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