<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33447bde-a4c1-490c-89e1-76d9b7f5fbda/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">1</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m2 x3 h5 y6 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">O DNA DA<span class="blank _0"> </span>S DOENÇA<span class="blank _0"> </span>S HER<span class="blank _0"> </span>EDITÁRIAS </div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y7 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y8 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Paulo Cesar Naoum </div><div class="t m3 x0 h7 y9 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ci<span class="blank _0"> </span>ência e <span class="blank _0"> </span>Tecnologi<span class="blank _0"> </span>a de São Jos<span class="blank _0"> </span>é do Rio Preto - SP </div><div class="t m3 x0 h7 ya ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws0">www.cienci<span class="blank"> </span>anews.<span class="blank"> </span>com.b<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="fc0 ws1"> </span></div><div class="t m3 x0 h7 yb ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Agosto de 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 yc ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 yd ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Nos <span class="blank _2"> </span>capítulos <span class="blank _2"> </span>3 <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>4 <span class="blank _2"> </span>deste <span class="blank _2"> </span>li<span class="blank _3"></span>vro, <span class="blank _2"> </span>destacamos <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>espécie<span class="blank _3"></span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 ye ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">humana <span class="blank _4"> </span>tem <span class="blank _4"> </span>cerca <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>25 <span class="blank _4"> </span>mil <span class="blank _4"> </span>genes. <span class="blank _4"> </span>A <span class="blank _4"> </span>maioria <span class="blank _4"> </span>desses <span class="blank _4"> </span>genes <span class="blank _4"> </span>produz <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 yf ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">de <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>tipo <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>proteína <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>essa <span class="blank _5"> </span>razão <span class="blank _5"> </span>acredita-se <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>há <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>nosso </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y10 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">organismo, <span class="blank _2"> </span>algo <span class="blank _2"> </span>próximo <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>100 <span class="blank _2"> </span>mil <span class="blank _2"> </span>tipos <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>proteínas <span class="blank _2"> </span>diferentes <span class="blank _2"> </span>das </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y11 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">quais <span class="blank _6"> </span>milhares <span class="blank _6"> </span>delas <span class="blank _6"> </span>funcionam <span class="blank _6"> </span>como <span class="blank _7"> </span>enzimas <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>algumas <span class="blank _6"> </span>centenas <span class="blank _6"> </span>como </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y12 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">hormônios. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y13 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Durante a <span class="blank _0"> </span>evolução <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>nossa <span class="blank _0"> </span>espécie, <span class="blank _0"> </span>ocorreram <span class="blank _0"> </span>alterações no </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y14 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">DNA <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>diversos <span class="blank _2"> </span>gene<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>certamente <span class="blank _2"> </span>for<span class="blank _0"> </span>am <span class="blank _2"> </span>necessários <span class="blank _2"> </span>para <span class="blank _2"> </span>nos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y15 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">tornarmos <span class="blank _2"> </span>mais <span class="blank _8"> </span>hábeis, <span class="blank _8"> </span>in<span class="blank _0"> </span>teligentes, <span class="blank _2"> </span>saudáveis, <span class="blank _8"> </span>etc. <span class="blank _8"> </span>No<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntanto <span class="blank _8"> </span>outras </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y16 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">alterações <span class="blank _9"> </span>ocorreram <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>forma <span class="blank _7"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nadequada <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>acabaram <span class="blank _7"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>or <span class="blank _9"> </span>prejudicar <span class="blank _9"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y17 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">produção <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>proteínas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>hormônios <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>enzimas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>tornand<span class="blank _3"></span>o-os <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>funções </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y18 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">anormais ou simplesmente sem funções. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y19 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Essas <span class="blank _6"> </span>al<span class="blank _0"> </span>terações <span class="blank _7"> </span>são <span class="blank _7"> </span>conhecidas <span class="blank _6"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _7"> </span>gené<span class="blank _0"> </span>tica <span class="blank _6"> </span>por <span class="blank _7"> </span>\u201cmutaçõe<span class="blank _0"> </span>s\u201d </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y1a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">e <span class="blank"> </span>são <span class="blank _a"> </span>as <span class="blank"> </span>principais <span class="blank"> </span>causas <span class="blank"> </span>das <span class="blank"> </span>doenças <span class="blank"> </span>her<span class="blank _0"> </span>editárias. <span class="blank"> </span>Essas <span class="blank"> </span>mutações </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y1b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">foram <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _8"> </span>perpetuando <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>milhares <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>anos, <span class="blank _5"> </span>porque <span class="blank _8"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>manifestam <span class="blank _5"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y1c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">dois <span class="blank _b"> </span>modos: <span class="blank _b"> </span>imper<span class="blank _0"> </span>ceptível <span class="blank _b"> </span>e <span class="blank _b"> </span>perceptível. <span class="blank _c"> </span>Considera-se <span class="blank _b"> </span>uma <span class="blank _c"> </span>herança </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y1d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">genética <span class="blank _0"> </span>imper<span class="blank _0"> </span>ceptível, <span class="blank _0"> </span>quando <span class="blank _d"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>in<span class="blank _0"> </span>divíduo <span class="blank _d"> </span>tem <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _0"> </span>defeituoso <span class="blank _d"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>gene </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y1e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">de <span class="blank _e"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _e"> </span>um <span class="blank _e"> </span>cromossomo, <span class="blank _e"> </span>pert<span class="blank _3"></span>encente <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>um <span class="blank _e"> </span>dos <span class="blank _e"> </span>23 <span class="blank _e"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"></span>ares <span class="blank _3"></span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y1f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">(excetuando-se <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>par <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank _a"> </span>cromo<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssomo <span class="blank"> </span>X<span class="blank _0"> </span>Y) <span class="blank _a"> </span>e, <span class="blank"> </span>desse<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>modo, <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>doença </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y20 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">hereditária <span class="blank _d"> </span>não <span class="blank _0"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>revela <span class="blank _d"> </span>clinicamente. <span class="blank _d"> </span>Por <span class="blank _d"> </span>outro <span class="blank _d"> </span>lado, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>herança <span class="blank _d"> </span>genética </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y21 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">perceptível ocorre <span class="blank _0"> </span>no indivíduo que re<span class="blank _0"> </span>cebeu o DNA <span class="blank _0"> </span>defeituoso no gene <span class="blank _0"> </span>que </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y22 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">herdou <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>cromossomo <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>pai, <span class="blank _7"> </span>bem <span class="blank _9"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _7"> </span>cr<span class="blank _0"> </span>omossomo <span class="blank _9"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>mãe<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>e, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y23 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">nessa <span class="blank _10"> </span>situação <span class="blank _10"> </span>a <span class="blank _10"> </span>doença <span class="blank _10"> </span>se <span class="blank _10"> </span>revela <span class="blank _10"> </span>clinicamente <span class="blank _10"> </span>por <span class="blank _10"> </span>meio <span class="blank _10"> </span>de <span class="blank _10"> </span>sinais <span class="blank _11"> </span>e </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y24 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">sintomas <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>fazem <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _12"> </span>médico <span class="blank _9"> </span>diagnosticar <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou <span class="blank _9"> </span>sus<span class="blank _0"> </span>peitar <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>determinada </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y25 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">doença <span class="blank _12"> </span>here<span class="blank _0"> </span>ditária. <span class="blank _12"> </span>Atualmente <span class="blank _12"> </span>sabe-s<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _12"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>há <span class="blank _12"> </span>cerca <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>7 <span class="blank _12"> </span>mil <span class="blank _12"> </span>doenças </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x6 y26 w3 h8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33447bde-a4c1-490c-89e1-76d9b7f5fbda/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">2</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">hereditárias <span class="blank _13"> </span>diferentes, <span class="blank _13"> </span>a <span class="blank _13"> </span>maioria <span class="blank _13"> </span>delas <span class="blank _13"> </span>raríssimas <span class="blank _13"> </span>e <span class="blank _13"> </span>de <span class="blank _13"> </span>interesse </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">eminentemente <span class="blank _4"> </span>científico. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Entretanto <span class="blank _6"> </span>há <span class="blank _4"> </span>poucas <span class="blank _6"> </span>doenças <span class="blank _4"> </span>here<span class="blank _0"> </span>ditárias <span class="blank _4"> </span>que </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">atingem <span class="blank _11"> </span>milhares <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span>até <span class="blank _10"> </span>milhões <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>pessoas <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank _10"> </span>aquelas <span class="blank _11"> </span>são <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _10"> </span>grande </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">importância tanto para a ciência quanto para a saúde pública. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Neste <span class="blank _7"> </span>capítulo <span class="blank _7"> </span>abordare<span class="blank _0"> </span>mos <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>DN<span class="blank _0"> </span>A <span class="blank _7"> </span>das <span class="blank _7"> </span>doenças <span class="blank _7"> </span>here<span class="blank _0"> </span>ditárias,<span class="blank _3"></span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">conhecidas <span class="blank _7"> </span>por <span class="blank _7"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _7"> </span>falciforme, <span class="blank _9"> </span>talassemia <span class="blank _6"> </span>maior <span class="blank _7"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>hemofilia <span class="blank _7"> </span>A, <span class="blank _7"> </span>todas </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">de grande importância na saúde pública de<span class="blank _0"> </span> quase todos os países. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _14"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="ff4 ls2">\u2022</span> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y30 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y31 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">A <span class="blank _16"> </span>bela <span class="blank _16"> </span>cantora <span class="blank _16"> </span>de <span class="blank _16"> </span>samba <span class="blank _16"> </span>tinha <span class="blank _16"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma <span class="blank _16"> </span>mulatice <span class="blank _16"> </span>invulgar, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y32 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">resultado do su<span class="blank _0"> </span>cesso da mis<span class="blank _0"> </span>cigenação afro<span class="blank _0"> </span>-lusitana que oc<span class="blank _0"> </span>orre <span class="blank _0"> </span>por séculos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">no B<span class="blank _0"> </span>rasil. Aos <span class="blank _0"> </span>39 <span class="blank _0"> </span>anos <span class="blank _0"> </span>era <span class="blank _0"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>sucesso musical <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>chegou a <span class="blank _0"> </span>vender<span class="blank _0"> </span> mais <span class="blank _0"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">300 <span class="blank _17"> </span>mil <span class="blank _17"> </span>cópias <span class="blank _18"> </span>do <span class="blank _18"> </span>L<span class="blank _0"> </span>P <span class="blank _18"> </span>\u201cAlvore<span class="blank _0"> </span>cer\u201d. <span class="blank _18"> </span>Gravou <span class="blank _17"> </span>músicas <span class="blank _18"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>compositores </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">famosos <span class="blank _10"> </span>como <span class="blank _10"> </span>Vinícius <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>Moraes, <span class="blank _11"> </span>Toquinho, <span class="blank _10"> </span>Chico <span class="blank _10"> </span>Buarque <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank _10"> </span>Nelson </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Cavaquinho, <span class="blank _11"> </span>entre <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"></span>uitos <span class="blank _11"> </span>outros. <span class="blank _10"> </span>Ela <span class="blank _10"> </span>se <span class="blank _10"> </span>entregava <span class="blank _11"> </span>artisticamente <span class="blank _10"> </span>nas </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">suas <span class="blank _17"> </span>apresentações, <span class="blank _17"> </span>dançando <span class="blank _b"> </span>e <span class="blank _17"> </span>cantando <span class="blank _17"> </span>com <span class="blank _17"> </span>sensualidade, <span class="blank _17"> </span>e <span class="blank _17"> </span>sua<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">disposição <span class="blank _d"> </span>física <span class="blank _4"> </span>era <span class="blank _4"> </span>tamanha <span class="blank _d"> </span>que, <span class="blank _d"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _4"> </span>cada <span class="blank _d"> </span>um <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _d"> </span>seus <span class="blank _4"> </span>shows, <span class="blank _4"> </span>chegava </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">a <span class="blank _9"> </span>perder <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>dois <span class="blank _7"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>três <span class="blank _9"> </span>quilos <span class="blank _7"> </span>do<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>seu <span class="blank _9"> </span>peso <span class="blank _9"> </span>devido <span class="blank _7"> </span>à <span class="blank _9"> </span>desidratação. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Além </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">disso, durante as aprese<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntações sentia dores insuportáveis nas pernas. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Por <span class="blank _11"> </span>causa <span class="blank _11"> </span>dessas <span class="blank _2"> </span>dore<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _11"> </span>resolveu <span class="blank _11"> </span>procurar <span class="blank _11"> </span>um <span class="blank _2"> </span>mé<span class="blank _0"> </span>dico <span class="blank _2"> </span>para </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">resolver <span class="blank _4"> </span>essa <span class="blank _4"> </span>situação <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>tor<span class="blank _0"> </span>nava <span class="blank _4"> </span>cada <span class="blank _4"> </span>vez<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _d"> </span>dolo<span class="blank _0"> </span>rosa. <span class="blank _4"> </span>No <span class="blank _4"> </span>exame </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">clínico, o médico observo<span class="blank _0"> </span>u algumas varizes cujas aparências não afetavam<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">a <span class="blank _5"> </span>plasticidade <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>suas <span class="blank _5"> </span>pernas. <span class="blank _8"> </span>Porém, <span class="blank _5"> </span>sugeriu <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>fossem <span class="blank _5"> </span>retiradas <span class="blank _5"> </span>as<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">veias <span class="blank _2"> </span>safena <span class="blank _8"> </span>das <span class="blank _11"> </span>duas <span class="blank _2"> </span>pernas <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>provavelmente <span class="blank _2"> </span>as <span class="blank _8"> </span>dores <span class="blank _2"> </span>deixariam <span class="blank _2"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">incomodá-la. <span class="blank _6"> </span>A <span class="blank _4"> </span>cantora <span class="blank _6"> </span>aceitou <span class="blank _6"> </span>realizar <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>cirurgia <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>remoção<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssas </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">veias, desde que recebesse ane<span class="blank _0"> </span>stesia geral. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Num <span class="blank _4"> </span>dia <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _6"> </span>primeira <span class="blank _6"> </span>semana <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>março <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>19<span class="blank _0"> </span>83 <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>cantora <span class="blank _6"> </span>se </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">submeteu <span class="blank _2"> </span>à <span class="blank _11"> </span>cirurgia, <span class="blank _2"> </span>com <span class="blank _11"> </span>anestesia <span class="blank _11"> </span>geral, <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span>tudo <span class="blank _2"> </span>corr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ia <span class="blank _2"> </span>bem <span class="blank _11"> </span>até <span class="blank _2"> </span>que </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">aconteceu <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>inespe<span class="blank _0"> </span>rado <span class="blank _6"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _6"> </span>parada <span class="blank _4"> </span>cardí<span class="blank _0"> </span>aca. <span class="blank _4"> </span>T<span class="blank _0"> </span>entaram <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>odas <span class="blank _6"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>formas </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">reanimá-la, <span class="blank _4"> </span>por<span class="blank _0"> </span>ém <span class="blank _6"> </span>sem <span class="blank _4"> </span>sucesso. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Seu <span class="blank _6"> </span>organism<span class="blank _3"></span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>resistiu <span class="blank _4"> </span>durante <span class="blank _6"> </span>28 <span class="blank _6"> </span>dias, </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y46 w3 h8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33447bde-a4c1-490c-89e1-76d9b7f5fbda/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">3</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">com <span class="blank _7"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span>quelas <span class="blank _7"> </span>cada <span class="blank _9"> </span>vez <span class="blank _7"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>complicadas <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>na <span class="blank _7"> </span>madrugada <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>2 <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>abril<span class="blank _3"></span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">daquele ano, a famosa cantora faleceu. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Foi aberta uma sind<span class="blank _0"> </span>icância pelo C<span class="blank _0"> </span>onselho Re<span class="blank _0"> </span>gional de Medicina </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">do <span class="blank _0"> </span>R<span class="blank _0"> </span>io <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>Janeiro, <span class="blank _0"> </span>pois <span class="blank _0"> </span>havia <span class="blank _d"> </span>suspeita <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>negligência <span class="blank _0"> </span>médica. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Supôs-se <span class="blank _d"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">forma <span class="blank _8"> </span>simplista <span class="blank _8"> </span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>ue <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>cantora <span class="blank _8"> </span>havia <span class="blank _2"> </span>sofrido <span class="blank _8"> </span>um <span class="blank _8"> </span>choque <span class="blank _8"> </span>anafilático <span class="blank _8"> </span>po<span class="blank _0"> </span>r </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">causa <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>anestésico, <span class="blank _d"> </span>fato que <span class="blank _d"> </span>geralmente se<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>torna <span class="blank _0"> </span>convincente <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>maioria </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">dos pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>cessos <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>envolvem e<span class="blank _0"> </span>rro <span class="blank _0"> </span>médico <span class="blank _0"> </span>qualificado. Poré<span class="blank _0"> </span>m, a <span class="blank _0"> </span>sindicância </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">realizada <span class="blank _9"> </span>naquela <span class="blank _9"> </span>ocasião <span class="blank _9"> </span>foi <span class="blank _9"> </span>muito <span class="blank _9"> </span>criticada <span class="blank _9"> </span>pela <span class="blank _9"> </span>imprensa, <span class="blank _9"> </span>familiares <span class="blank _9"> </span>e </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">amigos <span class="blank _d"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>cantora, <span class="blank _4"> </span>pois <span class="blank _d"> </span>não <span class="blank _d"> </span>revelaram <span class="blank _4"> </span>adequadamente <span class="blank _d"> </span>os <span class="blank _d"> </span>resultados <span class="blank _d"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">exames <span class="blank _6"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>fosse <span class="blank _6"> </span>considerada <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>outra <span class="blank _6"> </span>suposiç<span class="blank _3"></span>ão, <span class="blank _6"> </span>ou <span class="blank _6"> </span>seja, <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">cantora <span class="blank _9"> </span>era <span class="blank _9"> </span>portadora <span class="blank _9"> </span>imperceptível <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>doença <span class="blank _9"> </span>falciforme <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>poderia, <span class="blank _7"> </span>por </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">essa <span class="blank _6"> </span>razão, <span class="blank _6"> </span>ter <span class="blank _6"> </span>sofrido <span class="blank _6"> </span>uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>crise <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>fa<span class="blank _0"> </span>lcização <span class="blank _6"> </span>durante <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>anestesia. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Essa </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">suposição <span class="blank _9"> </span>fo<span class="blank _0"> </span>i <span class="blank _12"> </span>baseada <span class="blank _12"> </span>no <span class="blank _12"> </span>fato <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _12"> </span>que <span class="blank _12"> </span>alguns <span class="blank _12"> </span>pare<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntes <span class="blank _9"> </span>da <span class="blank _12"> </span>cantora <span class="blank _12"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ram </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">portadores do traço falciforme, a forma imperceptível da doença. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">O <span class="blank _12"> </span>fenômeno <span class="blank _12"> </span>da <span class="blank _12"> </span>fal<span class="blank _0"> </span>cização <span class="blank _12"> </span>será <span class="blank _12"> </span>explicado <span class="blank _12"> </span>mais <span class="blank _12"> </span>ad<span class="blank _0"> </span>iante <span class="blank _12"> </span>e <span class="blank _12"> </span>ele </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">poderia <span class="blank _18"> </span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>er <span class="blank _18"> </span>sido <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank _18"> </span>causa <span class="blank _f"> </span>da <span class="blank _18"> </span>obstrução <span class="blank _18"> </span>das <span class="blank _f"> </span>artér<span class="blank _0"> </span>ias <span class="blank _f"> </span>coro<span class="blank _0"> </span>narianas <span class="blank _f"> </span>da </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">cantora, <span class="blank _c"> </span>dev<span class="blank _0"> </span>ido <span class="blank _16"> </span>à <span class="blank _c"> </span>deso<span class="blank _0"> </span>xigenação <span class="blank _16"> </span>induzida <span class="blank _c"> </span>pela <span class="blank _16"> </span>anestesia <span class="blank _16"> </span>geral. <span class="blank _16"> </span>S<span class="blank _3"></span>e </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">realmente <span class="blank _18"> </span>foi <span class="blank _18"> </span>essa <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank _18"> </span>razão <span class="blank _18"> </span>da <span class="blank _18"> </span>morte <span class="blank _18"> </span>precoce <span class="blank _18"> </span>de <span class="blank _18"> </span>um<span class="blank _3"></span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>das <span class="blank _18"> </span>maiores </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">sambistas <span class="blank _12"> </span>brasileiras, <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _12"> </span>fa<span class="blank _0"> </span>talidade <span class="blank _12"> </span>pode<span class="blank _0"> </span>ria <span class="blank _12"> </span>ter <span class="blank _5"> </span>sido <span class="blank _12"> </span>evitada <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _12"> </span>meio <span class="blank _5"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">uma <span class="blank _9"> </span>adequada <span class="blank _12"> </span>suplementação <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _12"> </span>oxigênio <span class="blank _9"> </span>durante <span class="blank _12"> </span>e <span class="blank _12"> </span>após <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>cirurgia<span class="blank _0"> </span>. <span class="blank _9"> </span>O </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">oxigênio <span class="blank _9"> </span>ad<span class="blank _0"> </span>icional <span class="blank _12"> </span>propor<span class="blank _0"> </span>cionaria <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _12"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span>sfalcização, <span class="blank _12"> </span>ou <span class="blank _12"> </span>seja, <span class="blank _12"> </span>promo<span class="blank _0"> </span>veria <span class="blank _12"> </span>o </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">retorno <span class="blank _2"> </span>dos <span class="blank _11"> </span>glóbulos <span class="blank _2"> </span>vermelhos <span class="blank _2"> </span>falcizados <span class="blank _2"> </span>para <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>forma <span class="blank _2"> </span>normal <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>é </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y54 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">globular, <span class="blank _17"> </span>impedind<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _b"> </span>a <span class="blank _17"> </span>formação <span class="blank _b"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>diversos <span class="blank _b"> </span>focos <span class="blank _b"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>obstrução <span class="blank _b"> </span>da </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">circulação de sangue, inclusive no coração. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _14"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="ff4 ls2">\u2022</span> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Como <span class="blank _10"> </span>se <span class="blank _10"> </span>sabe, <span class="blank _10"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>hemoglobina <span class="blank _10"> </span>é <span class="blank _10"> </span>uma <span class="blank"> </span>proteína <span class="blank _11"> </span>que <span class="blank _10"> </span>tem <span class="blank _11"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">função <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>trans<span class="blank _0"> </span>portar <span class="blank _d"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>oxigênio <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>espiramos <span class="blank _d"> </span>para <span class="blank _d"> </span>ser <span class="blank _d"> </span>distribuído <span class="blank _0"> </span>para </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">todas <span class="blank _9"> </span>as<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>nossas <span class="blank _12"> </span>cé<span class="blank _0"> </span>lulas. <span class="blank _9"> </span>P<span class="blank _0"> </span>ara <span class="blank _12"> </span>realizar <span class="blank _12"> </span>essa <span class="blank _12"> </span>at<span class="blank _0"> </span>ividade, <span class="blank _9"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>hemoglobina <span class="blank _12"> </span>se </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">utiliza <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>um <span class="blank _f"> </span>meio <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>transporte <span class="blank _f"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _f"> </span>os <span class="blank _f"> </span>glóbulos <span class="blank _a"> </span>ve<span class="blank _0"> </span>rmelhos, <span class="blank _a"> </span>ta<span class="blank _0"> </span>mbém </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y58 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">conhecidos por <span class="blank _0"> </span>hemácias <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>eritrócitos. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Em nosso <span class="blank _0"> </span>sangue <span class="blank _0"> </span>circulam <span class="blank _0"> </span>cerca <span class="blank _0"> </span>de </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">4</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">20 <span class="blank _8"> </span>bilhões <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>glóbulos <span class="blank _8"> </span>vermelhos <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>cada <span class="blank _5"> </span>glóbulo <span class="blank _8"> </span>vermelho <span class="blank _5"> </span>carre<span class="blank _0"> </span>ga <span class="blank _5"> </span>em </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">média <span class="blank _6"> </span>300 <span class="blank _7"> </span>milhões <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>moléculas <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>h<span class="blank _0"> </span>emoglobinas. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Só <span class="blank _6"> </span>par<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>enriquecer <span class="blank _7"> </span>o </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">leitor <span class="blank _d"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>números, <span class="blank _d"> </span>cada <span class="blank _4"> </span>molécula <span class="blank _d"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>hemoglobina <span class="blank _d"> </span>fixa <span class="blank _4"> </span>quatro <span class="blank _d"> </span>moléculas </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">de <span class="blank _7"> </span>oxigênio <span class="blank _7"> </span>(O</div><div class="t m4 x7 h9 y59 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m1 x8 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">), <span class="blank _6"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssim, <span class="blank _6"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _6"> </span>ape<span class="blank _0"> </span>nas <span class="blank _7"> </span>um <span class="blank _7"> </span>glóbulo <span class="blank _7"> </span>vermelho, <span class="blank _7"> </span>se <span class="blank _7"> </span>transporta </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">1,2 <span class="blank _f"> </span>bilhões <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>mo<span class="blank _0"> </span>léculas <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>oxigênio<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>e, <span class="blank _f"> </span>em <span class="blank _f"> </span>2<span class="blank _0"> </span>0 <span class="blank _f"> </span>bilhões <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>glóbulos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">vermelhos, <span class="blank _11"> </span>se <span class="blank _10"> </span>transportam <span class="blank _11"> </span>2<span class="blank _0"> </span>4 <span class="blank _11"> </span>quinqu<span class="blank _0"> </span>ilhões <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>molé<span class="blank _0"> </span>culas <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _10"> </span>oxigênio. </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Peço <span class="blank _18"> </span>descul<span class="blank _3"></span>pas <span class="blank _19"> </span>por <span class="blank _19"> </span>esse<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>sforço <span class="blank _19"> </span>numérico <span class="blank _19"> </span>a <span class="blank _19"> </span>que <span class="blank _19"> </span>você <span class="blank _19"> </span>teve <span class="blank _19"> </span>que <span class="blank _19"> </span>se </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">submeter, <span class="blank _d"> </span>mas <span class="blank _d"> </span>é <span class="blank _d"> </span>interessante <span class="blank _d"> </span>ter <span class="blank _d"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>bre<span class="blank _0"> </span>ve <span class="blank _d"> </span>conhecimento <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>necessidade </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">vital do oxigênio. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">A <span class="blank _a"> </span>forma <span class="blank _f"> </span>arre<span class="blank _0"> </span>dondada <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>achatada <span class="blank _f"> </span>do <span class="blank _f"> </span>glóbulo <span class="blank _a"> </span>verme<span class="blank _0"> </span>lho <span class="blank _a"> </span>se </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">parece <span class="blank _4"> </span>muito <span class="blank _d"> </span>com <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>\u201cbala <span class="blank _4"> </span>soft\u201d <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>essa <span class="blank _d"> </span>forma <span class="blank _4"> </span>foi <span class="blank _d"> </span>adquirida <span class="blank _d"> </span>ao <span class="blank _d"> </span>longo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>70 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">bilhões <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>anos <span class="blank _d"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>nossa <span class="blank _d"> </span>evolução <span class="blank _d"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _d"> </span>simples <span class="blank _d"> </span>razão, <span class="blank _d"> </span>qual <span class="blank _4"> </span>seja <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">permitir o aumento da capacidade do oxigênio entrar e sair da célula. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">A <span class="blank _6"> </span>hemoglobina <span class="blank _6"> </span>é<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>elaborada <span class="blank _7"> </span>por <span class="blank _6"> </span>dois <span class="blank _6"> </span>ti<span class="blank _0"> </span>pos <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _6"> </span>diferentes, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">um <span class="blank _9"> </span>deles <span class="blank _7"> </span>loca<span class="blank _0"> </span>lizado <span class="blank _9"> </span>no <span class="blank _9"> </span>cromossomo <span class="blank _9"> </span>16 <span class="blank _9"> </span>onde <span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>duz <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>globina <span class="blank _9"> </span>alfa <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>é </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">conhecido <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>gene <span class="blank _9"> </span>alfa. <span class="blank _12"> </span>O <span class="blank _9"> </span>outro <span class="blank _9"> </span>DNA<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>está <span class="blank _9"> </span>no <span class="blank _9"> </span>cromossomo <span class="blank _9"> </span>1<span class="blank _0"> </span>1 <span class="blank _9"> </span>onde <span class="blank _9"> </span>se </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">produz <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>globin<span class="blank _3"></span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>beta <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _7"> </span>denominado <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>gene <span class="blank _9"> </span>beta.<span class="blank _3"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Esses <span class="blank _9"> </span>dois <span class="blank _7"> </span>genes </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">trabalham <span class="blank _6"> </span>sincronizadamente <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>quantidade <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>globina <span class="blank _6"> </span>alfa <span class="blank _6"> </span>produzida <span class="blank _6"> </span>é<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">exatamente <span class="blank _0"> </span>igual <span class="blank _0"> </span>à <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>globina <span class="blank _0"> </span>beta. <span class="blank _0"> </span>A <span class="blank _0"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"> </span>ombinação <span class="blank _0"> </span>equilibrada <span class="blank _0"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>globinas </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">alfa <span class="blank _9"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>beta <span class="blank _12"> </span>resulta <span class="blank _9"> </span>na <span class="blank _12"> </span>molécula <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _12"> </span>hemoglobina <span class="blank _12"> </span>nor<span class="blank _0"> </span>mal, <span class="blank _9"> </span>cientificamente </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">designada <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _6"> </span>Hb <span class="blank _4"> </span>AA. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>mutação <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>ocorreu <span class="blank _4"> </span>há <span class="blank _6"> </span>mil<span class="blank _3"></span>hares <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>anos <span class="blank _4"> </span>no </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">DNA <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>globina <span class="blank _6"> </span>beta, <span class="blank _4"> </span>provocou <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>troca <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>um <span class="blank _4"> </span>aminoácido <span class="blank _4"> </span>dessa <span class="blank _6"> </span>proteína </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y54 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">justamente <span class="blank _7"> </span>numa <span class="blank _7"> </span>região <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>mo<span class="blank _0"> </span>lécula <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>é <span class="blank _7"> </span>considerada <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>\u201ccalcanh<span class="blank _3"></span>ar <span class="blank _7"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Aquiles\u201d <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>hemoglobina. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Essa <span class="blank _7"> </span>mutaçã<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>provo<span class="blank _0"> </span>ca <span class="blank _6"> </span>uma <span class="blank _7"> </span>distorção <span class="blank _6"> </span>grave <span class="blank _7"> </span>na </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">estrutura da<span class="blank _0"> </span> he<span class="blank _0"> </span>moglobina, <span class="blank _0"> </span>quando <span class="blank _0"> </span>ela <span class="blank _0"> </span>libera <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>oxigênio. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Par<span class="blank _0"> </span>a voltar <span class="blank _0"> </span>à <span class="blank _0"> </span>sua<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">estrutura <span class="blank _1a"> </span>arredondada, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>a <span class="blank _1a"> </span>hemoglo<span class="blank _0"> </span>bina <span class="blank _1a"> </span>mutante <span class="blank _1a"> </span>tem <span class="blank _1a"> </span>que <span class="blank _1a"> </span>recebe<span class="blank _0"> </span>r </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">rapidamente <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>oxigênio, <span class="blank _9"> </span>caso <span class="blank _9"> </span>contrári<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>300 <span class="blank _12"> </span>milhões <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>moléculas <span class="blank _9"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">hemoglobinas <span class="blank _6"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>deformam <span class="blank _7"> </span>gradualmente <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>mudam <span class="blank _6"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>forma <span class="blank _6"> </span>globular <span class="blank _7"> </span>do<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">glóbulo <span class="blank _d"> </span>vermelho <span class="blank _d"> </span>para <span class="blank _d"> </span>formas <span class="blank _d"> </span>bizarras <span class="blank _d"> </span>das <span class="blank _d"> </span>quais <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>mais <span class="blank _d"> </span>comumente <span class="blank _d"> </span>vista </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">em microscópio é a célula com a forma <span class="blank _0"> </span>de foice, ou célula falciforme . </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y5e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Em <span class="blank _7"> </span>inglês <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>palavra <span class="blank _9"> </span>foice <span class="blank _7"> </span>é <span class="blank _7"> </span>traduzida <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _7"> </span>\u201csickle\u201d <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>essa </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">razão <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>he<span class="blank _0"> </span>moglobina <span class="blank _a"> </span>mutante <span class="blank _f"> </span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>ue <span class="blank _f"> </span>causa <span class="blank _f"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>fe<span class="blank _0"> </span>nômeno <span class="blank _f"> </span>conhecido <span class="blank _f"> </span>por </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 y60 w4 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33447bde-a4c1-490c-89e1-76d9b7f5fbda/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">5</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">falcização <span class="blank _d"> </span>dos <span class="blank _6"> </span>glóbulos <span class="blank _4"> </span>vermelhos, <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>esignada <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>hemoglobina <span class="blank _4"> </span>S <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou <span class="blank _4"> </span>Hb </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">S, <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>S <span class="blank _7"> </span>é <span class="blank _7"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>imeira <span class="blank _7"> </span>letra <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>palavra <span class="blank _7"> </span>\u201csickle\u201d. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Diante<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>do <span class="blank _7"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>xposto <span class="blank _7"> </span>é </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">possível <span class="blank _9"> </span>estabelecer <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>hemo<span class="blank _0"> </span>globina <span class="blank _9"> </span>normal <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>designada <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>Hb <span class="blank _9"> </span>AA, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">que a <span class="blank _0"> </span>forma <span class="blank _d"> </span>imperceptível da <span class="blank _0"> </span>anem<span class="blank _0"> </span>ia f<span class="blank _0"> </span>alciforme é<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>representada por <span class="blank _0"> </span>Hb <span class="blank _0"> </span>AS<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">(ou <span class="blank _1b"> </span>traço <span class="blank _1b"> </span>falciforme) <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e <span class="blank _1b"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>a <span class="blank _1b"> </span>forma <span class="blank _1b"> </span>perceptível <span class="blank _1b"> </span>dessa <span class="blank _1b"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _1b"> </span>é </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">simbolizada <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>Hb <span class="blank _9"> </span>SS <span class="blank _9"> </span>(ou <span class="blank _7"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>nemia <span class="blank _9"> </span>falciforme). <span class="blank _9"> </span>Além <span class="blank _9"> </span>disso <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>importante </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">saber <span class="blank _1c"> </span>que <span class="blank _1c"> </span>situações <span class="blank _1c"> </span>anormais <span class="blank _1c"> </span>que <span class="blank _1c"> </span>caus<span class="blank _3"></span>am <span class="blank _1c"> </span>a <span class="blank _1c"> </span>desoxigenação <span class="blank _1d"> </span>da </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">hemoglobina, <span class="blank _10"> </span>como <span class="blank"> </span>por <span class="blank _11"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _10"> </span>desidratação <span class="blank _11"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>an<span class="blank _3"></span>estesia <span class="blank _11"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _10"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">adequada <span class="blank _c"> </span>supleme<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntação <span class="blank _c"> </span>de <span class="blank _16"> </span>oxigênio, <span class="blank _c"> </span>são <span class="blank _16"> </span>passíveis <span class="blank _c"> </span>de <span class="blank _c"> </span>provocar<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">falcização <span class="blank _16"> </span>dos <span class="blank _16"> </span>glóbulos <span class="blank _16"> </span>vermelhos <span class="blank _16"> </span>nos <span class="blank _16"> </span>pequenos <span class="blank _1b"> </span>vaso<span class="blank _3"></span>s <span class="blank _16"> </span>sanguíneos, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">obstruindo-os, <span class="blank _16"> </span>causando <span class="blank _1b"> </span>dor, <span class="blank _16"> </span>devido <span class="blank _1b"> </span>a <span class="blank _16"> </span>pequenos <span class="blank _16"> </span>focos <span class="blank _16"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _16"> </span>infartos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">teciduais <span class="blank _8"> </span>(figuras <span class="blank _5"> </span>7<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>8). <span class="blank _8"> </span>Essa <span class="blank _8"> </span>ação <span class="blank _8"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _8"> </span>com <span class="blank _8"> </span>maior <span class="blank _8"> </span>intensidade <span class="blank _8"> </span>nas </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">pessoas <span class="blank _0"> </span>com <span class="blank _0"> </span>anemi<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>falciforme <span class="blank _0"> </span>(Hb <span class="blank _0"> </span>S<span class="blank _0"> </span>S) <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>também é <span class="blank _d"> </span>cau<span class="blank _3"></span>sa <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>transtornos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">e <span class="blank _0"> </span>até <span class="blank _0"> </span>ó<span class="blank _0"> </span>bito <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>pessoas <span class="blank _0"> </span>portadoras <span class="blank _0"> </span>impe<span class="blank _0"> </span>rceptíveis <span class="blank _0"> </span>(Hb A<span class="blank _0"> </span>S). <span class="blank _0"> </span>Talvez <span class="blank _d"> </span>tenham </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">sido <span class="blank _1b"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>sses <span class="blank _1e"> </span>pequenos <span class="blank _1b"> </span>focos <span class="blank _1e"> </span>de <span class="blank _1e"> </span>falcização <span class="blank _1e"> </span>que <span class="blank _1b"> </span>causavam <span class="blank _1e"> </span>as <span class="blank _1b"> </span>do<span class="blank _0"> </span>res </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">insuportáveis nas pernas da cantora que se desidratava em seus shows. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xa y61 w5 hb" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33447bde-a4c1-490c-89e1-76d9b7f5fbda/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">6</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Figura <span class="blank _1e"> </span>7: <span class="blank _1e"> </span><span class="ff3">Microscopia <span class="blank _1e"> </span>eletrô<span class="blank _0"> </span>nica <span class="blank _1e"> </span>de <span class="blank _1e"> </span>varredura. <span class="blank _1e"> </span>À <span class="blank _1e"> </span>esquerda: <span class="blank _1e"> </span>vaso </span></div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">sanguíneo <span class="blank _c"> </span>com <span class="blank _c"> </span>glóbulos <span class="blank _c"> </span>vermelhos <span class="blank _c"> </span>normais <span class="blank _c"> </span>em <span class="blank _c"> </span>fluxo. <span class="blank _c"> </span>À </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">direita: <span class="blank"> </span>vaso <span class="blank _a"> </span>sanguíneo <span class="blank _a"> </span>com <span class="blank _a"> </span>glóbulos <span class="blank _a"> </span>ver<span class="blank _0"> </span>melhos <span class="blank"> </span>falcizados </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">iniciando a obstrução vascular. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y50 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Figura <span class="blank _18"> </span>8: <span class="blank _18"> </span><span class="ff3">Radiografia <span class="blank _19"> </span>ter<span class="blank _0"> </span>mográfica <span class="blank _18"> </span>mostrando <span class="blank _18"> </span>as <span class="blank _18"> </span>consequências <span class="blank _18"> </span>das </span></div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">obstruções <span class="blank _0"> </span>vascu<span class="blank _0"> </span>lares <span class="blank _d"> </span>visualizadas <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _d"> </span>meio <span class="blank _d"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>estagnação <span class="blank _d"> </span>do </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">sangue, <span class="blank _b"> </span>causadas <span class="blank _b"> </span>pelas <span class="blank _b"> </span>células <span class="blank _b"> </span>falciformes <span class="blank _c"> </span>nos <span class="blank _b"> </span>pequenos </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">vasos da mão de uma pessoa com anemia falciforme. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y54 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _14"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="ff4 ls2">\u2022</span> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Não <span class="blank _d"> </span>se <span class="blank _d"> </span>sabe <span class="blank _d"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>fato <span class="blank _d"> </span>qual <span class="blank _d"> </span>foi <span class="blank _d"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>causa <span class="blank _d"> </span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>ue <span class="blank _d"> </span>provocou <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>mut<span class="blank _0"> </span>ação </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">do <span class="blank _9"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>transformou <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>Hb <span class="blank _9"> </span>A <span class="blank _9"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _9"> </span>Hb <span class="blank _9"> </span>S. <span class="blank _9"> </span>O <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>se <span class="blank _9"> </span>supõe <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>essa </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">mutação <span class="blank _d"> </span>possa <span class="blank _d"> </span>ter<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>ocorrido <span class="blank _d"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntre <span class="blank _d"> </span>100 <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>50 <span class="blank _d"> </span>mil <span class="blank _d"> </span>ano<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _d"> </span>atrás, <span class="blank _d"> </span>numa <span class="blank _d"> </span>fase <span class="blank _4"> </span>em </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">que <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _10"> </span>nosso <span class="blank _11"> </span>an<span class="blank _0"> </span>cestral <span class="blank _11"> </span><span class="ff5">Homo <span class="blank _10"> </span>heidelber<span class="blank _0"> </span>gensis</span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>estava <span class="blank _10"> </span>se <span class="blank _10"> </span>transformando </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">evolutivamente <span class="blank _d"> </span>par<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span><span class="ff5">Homo <span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>neander<span class="blank _0"> </span>thalis</span>, <span class="blank _d"> </span>ou <span class="blank _4"> </span>então <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _d"> </span>fa<span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _d"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>esse </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">último <span class="blank _19"> </span>estava <span class="blank _19"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>voluindo <span class="blank _19"> </span>para <span class="blank _19"> </span><span class="ff5">Homo <span class="blank _18"> </span>sapiens <span class="blank _19"> </span></span>. <span class="blank _19"> </span>Os <span class="blank _18"> </span>cientistas <span class="blank _19"> </span>também </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y58 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">supõem que <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>mutação <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>deu origem <span class="blank _0"> </span>à <span class="blank _0"> </span>anemia falciforme, de<span class="blank _0"> </span>ve </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">7</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">ter <span class="blank _7"> </span>ocorrido <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>pe<span class="blank _0"> </span>lo <span class="blank _6"> </span>menos <span class="blank _7"> </span>três <span class="blank _7"> </span>regiões <span class="blank _6"> </span>difere<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntes <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>África, <span class="blank _6"> </span>no <span class="blank _7"> </span>período </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Paleolítico/Mesolítico que estabelece o parâme<span class="blank _0"> </span>tro de 100 a 50 mil anos. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Nessa <span class="blank _b"> </span>época, <span class="blank _b"> </span>a <span class="blank _b"> </span>África <span class="blank _b"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ra <span class="blank _b"> </span>formada <span class="blank _b"> </span>por <span class="blank _b"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span>nsas <span class="blank _b"> </span>florestas<span class="blank _3"></span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">tropicais. <span class="blank _8"> </span>O <span class="blank _8"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>se <span class="blank _8"> </span>sabe <span class="blank _8"> </span>por <span class="blank _8"> </span>meio <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>estudos <span class="blank _8"> </span>antro<span class="blank _0"> </span>pológicos, <span class="blank _5"> </span>físico<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _8"> </span>e </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">genéticos <span class="blank _d"> </span>é <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>nesse <span class="blank _d"> </span>período, <span class="blank _d"> </span>estavam <span class="blank _d"> </span>bem <span class="blank _d"> </span>estabelecid<span class="blank _3"></span>os <span class="blank _d"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>pensamento </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">simbólico <span class="blank _4"> </span>caracteriz<span class="blank _0"> </span>ado <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _6"> </span>imagens <span class="blank _4"> </span>gravadas <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>pintadas <span class="blank _6"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>ochedos, <span class="blank _4"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">inovação <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _6"> </span>pontas <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>jétil <span class="blank _4"> </span>nas <span class="blank _4"> </span>ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>mas <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _6"> </span>matar <span class="blank _4"> </span>animais <span class="blank _4"> </span>grandes <span class="blank _6"> </span>e </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">outros <span class="blank _12"> </span>humanos. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Há <span class="blank _5"> </span>indícios <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _12"> </span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>ue <span class="blank _12"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>mutação <span class="blank _12"> </span>genética <span class="blank _12"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>elacionada </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">com <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>inteligência, <span class="blank _4"> </span>deva <span class="blank _6"> </span>ter<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>ocorrido <span class="blank _6"> </span>há <span class="blank _4"> </span>ce<span class="blank _0"> </span>rca <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>50 <span class="blank _4"> </span>mil <span class="blank _6"> </span>anos <span class="blank _6"> </span>cujo <span class="blank _6"> </span>efeito </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">foi <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>estruturar<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1f"> </span>o <span class="blank _1f"> </span>cérebro <span class="blank _1f"> </span>humano <span class="blank _1f"> </span>para, <span class="blank _1f"> </span>alé<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _1f"> </span>de <span class="blank _1f"> </span>pensar </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">simbolicamente, <span class="blank _12"> </span>tivesse <span class="blank _12"> </span>a <span class="blank _12"> </span>capacidade <span class="blank _12"> </span>para <span class="blank _12"> </span>desenvolver <span class="blank _12"> </span>uma <span class="blank _12"> </span>linguagem.<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Seres <span class="blank"> </span>humanos <span class="blank"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"></span>utação <span class="blank"> </span>relacionada <span class="blank"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"></span>inguagem <span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff5">Homo </span></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4a ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">sapiens <span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="ff3">) <span class="blank _6"> </span>possuíam <span class="blank _6"> </span>uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>vantagem <span class="blank _6"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>nsiderável <span class="blank _6"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _6"> </span>os <span class="blank _6"> </span>não <span class="blank _6"> </span>portadores </span></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">dessa <span class="blank _16"> </span>mu<span class="blank _3"></span>tação <span class="blank _16"> </span>(<span class="ff5">Homo <span class="blank _16"> </span>neanderthal<span class="blank _3"></span>is<span class="ff3">) <span class="blank _16"> </span>os <span class="blank _c"> </span>quais <span class="blank _16"> </span>foram <span class="blank _16"> </span>gradualmente </span></span></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">substituidos. <span class="blank _0"> </span>O<span class="blank _0"> </span>corre <span class="blank _0"> </span>também<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>que, <span class="blank _d"> </span>por <span class="blank _d"> </span>volta <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>50 <span class="blank _d"> </span>mil <span class="blank _0"> </span>anos <span class="blank _d"> </span>atrás, <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span><span class="ff5">Homo </span></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4d ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">sapiens<span class="ff3 ws1"> <span class="blank _0"> </span>v<span class="blank _0"> </span>iveu <span class="blank _d"> </span>um <span class="blank _d"> </span>gargalo <span class="blank _d"> </span>populacional <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span>se <span class="blank _d"> </span>supõe <span class="blank _0"> </span>ter<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>sido <span class="blank _0"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>esultado <span class="blank _d"> </span>de </span></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">uma <span class="blank _8"> </span>er<span class="blank _0"> </span>upção <span class="blank _8"> </span>no <span class="blank _2"> </span>monte <span class="blank _8"> </span>Toba, <span class="blank _2"> </span>em <span class="blank _8"> </span>Sumatra, <span class="blank _8"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>pode <span class="blank _8"> </span>ter <span class="blank _2"> </span>causado <span class="blank _8"> </span>um </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">inverno <span class="blank _d"> </span>vulcânico <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>seis <span class="blank _d"> </span>anos <span class="blank _4"> </span>e, <span class="blank _d"> </span>subs<span class="blank _0"> </span>equentemente, <span class="blank _d"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>era <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _d"> </span>gelo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">mil <span class="blank _19"> </span>anos. <span class="blank _18"> </span>Esses <span class="blank _18"> </span>eventos <span class="blank _18"> </span>físico-ambientais <span class="blank _18"> </span>podem <span class="blank _18"> </span>ser <span class="blank _18"> </span>incluídos <span class="blank _19"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">hipóteses <span class="blank _9"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>mu<span class="blank _0"> </span>tação <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>or<span class="blank _0"> </span>iginou <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>hemoglobina <span class="blank _9"> </span>anormal <span class="blank _9"> </span>que </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">causa <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _4"> </span>falc<span class="blank _0"> </span>iforme. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Esse <span class="blank _4"> </span>tipo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>mutação <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>conhecido <span class="blank _d"> </span>atualmente </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">como mutação fundadora. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y54 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">No <span class="blank _2"> </span>período <span class="blank _8"> </span>Pré-Ne<span class="blank _0"> </span>olítico, <span class="blank _8"> </span>entre<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>1<span class="blank _0"> </span>0 <span class="blank _2"> </span>mil <span class="blank _8"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>3 <span class="blank _2"> </span>mil <span class="blank _8"> </span>anos <span class="blank _2"> </span>a.C. <span class="blank _2"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">população <span class="blank _7"> </span>africana, <span class="blank _7"> </span>muitas <span class="blank _7"> </span>da<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _7"> </span>quais <span class="blank _9"> </span>tinham <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>herança <span class="blank _9"> </span>imperceptível <span class="blank _6"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">anemia <span class="blank _d"> </span>falciforme, <span class="blank _d"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>miscigenaram <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>crescer<span class="blank _0"> </span>am <span class="blank _d"> </span>absurdamente <span class="blank _d"> </span>na <span class="blank _d"> </span>região </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">que <span class="blank _12"> </span>hoje <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _12"> </span>o <span class="blank _12"> </span>deserto <span class="blank _12"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>Saara. <span class="blank _12"> </span>O <span class="blank _12"> </span>cr<span class="blank _0"> </span>escimento <span class="blank _12"> </span>e <span class="blank _12"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>miscig<span class="blank _3"></span>enação <span class="blank _12"> </span>for<span class="blank _0"> </span>am </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">impulsionados <span class="blank _16"> </span>pela <span class="blank _16"> </span>facilidade <span class="blank _c"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _16"> </span>se <span class="blank _16"> </span>obter <span class="blank _16"> </span>alimentos <span class="blank _16"> </span>extraídos <span class="blank _c"> </span>das<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">florestas da região do Saara. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y5c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">O <span class="blank _b"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _b"> </span>popu<span class="blank _3"></span>lacional <span class="blank _b"> </span>desordenado <span class="blank _b"> </span>e <span class="blank _b"> </span>a <span class="blank _b"> </span>subst<span class="blank _3"></span>ituição </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">gradual <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>flore<span class="blank _0"> </span>sta <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _6"> </span>agricultura <span class="blank _d"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>imitiva <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>ocor<span class="blank _0"> </span>reu <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>sequência <span class="blank _4"> </span>do<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">período <span class="blank _8"> </span>Neolítico <span class="blank _5"> </span>(<span class="blank _0"> </span>3 <span class="blank _8"> </span>mil <span class="blank _8"> </span>anos <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>5<span class="blank _0"> </span>00 <span class="blank _5"> </span>anos <span class="blank _8"> </span>a.C.) <span class="blank _8"> </span>atraiu <span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>infestação <span class="blank _8"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">mosquitos <span class="blank _5"> </span>causado<span class="blank _0"> </span>res <span class="blank _8"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>malária. <span class="blank _5"> </span>E <span class="blank _8"> </span>por <span class="blank _8"> </span>incrível <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>possa <span class="blank _8"> </span>parecer, <span class="blank _8"> </span>os </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">8</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">indivíduos <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>eram <span class="blank _7"> </span>portadores <span class="blank _9"> </span>imperceptíveis <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _7"> </span>falciforme <span class="blank _7"> </span>\u2013<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>o </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">traço <span class="blank _c"> </span>falciforme<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _16"> </span>apresentavam <span class="blank _c"> </span>resistência <span class="blank _16"> </span>à <span class="blank _c"> </span>infecção <span class="blank _16"> </span>da <span class="blank _b"> </span>ma<span class="blank _0"> </span>lária, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">enquanto <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>aque<span class="blank _0"> </span>les <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>tinham <span class="blank _5"> </span>hemoglobinas <span class="blank _8"> </span>normais, <span class="blank _12"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>u <span class="blank _5"> </span>seja, <span class="blank _5"> </span>não<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">tinham a mutação do DNA causador<span class="blank _0"> </span> da anemia falciforme, se<span class="blank _0"> </span> infectavam e </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">morriam. <span class="blank _10"> </span>Por <span class="blank"> </span>sua <span class="blank _11"> </span>vez, <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>doente <span class="blank"> </span>per<span class="blank _3"></span>ceptível <span class="blank _10"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _10"> </span>falciforme </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">morria <span class="blank _7"> </span>logo <span class="blank _7"> </span>após <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>nascimento <span class="blank _7"> </span>devido <span class="blank _9"> </span>à <span class="blank _6"> </span>ane<span class="blank _0"> </span>mia <span class="blank _7"> </span>grave <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mplicações </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">associadas. <span class="blank _8"> </span>Por <span class="blank _8"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssa <span class="blank _8"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>azão, <span class="blank _8"> </span>ocor<span class="blank _0"> </span>reu <span class="blank _8"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>se <span class="blank _8"> </span>denomina <span class="blank _2"> </span>por <span class="blank _8"> </span>vantagem </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">seletiva de uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>mutação, em <span class="blank _0"> </span>que os <span class="blank _0"> </span>portadores <span class="blank _0"> </span>imperceptíveis passam os </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y2f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">seus <span class="blank"> </span>gene<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank"> </span>mutan<span class="blank _0"> </span>tes <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank _a"> </span>as <span class="blank _a"> </span>ou<span class="blank _0"> </span>tras <span class="blank"> </span>ger<span class="blank _0"> </span>ações, <span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>assim <span class="blank _a"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>população </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">africana tornou-se pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>evalente da for<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma imperceptível da doença falciforme </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">entre todas as outras populações mundiais. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Atualmente <span class="blank _19"> </span>há <span class="blank _f"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>egiões <span class="blank _19"> </span>da <span class="blank _19"> </span>África <span class="blank _19"> </span>em <span class="blank _19"> </span>que <span class="blank _19"> </span>50 <span class="blank _19"> </span>a <span class="blank _19"> </span>70% <span class="blank _19"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">indivíduos <span class="blank _8"> </span>são <span class="blank _8"> </span>portador<span class="blank _0"> </span>es <span class="blank _8"> </span>imperceptíveis <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssa <span class="blank _8"> </span>doença. <span class="blank _8"> </span>A <span class="blank _2"> </span>disp<span class="blank _3"></span>ersão <span class="blank _8"> </span>da </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">forma <span class="blank _5"> </span>imperceptível <span class="blank _12"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>doença <span class="blank _5"> </span>falciforme <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>fora <span class="blank _12"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>África <span class="blank _12"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>correu <span class="blank _5"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">partir <span class="blank _d"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>período <span class="blank _d"> </span>Neolítico <span class="blank _d"> </span>Poster<span class="blank _0"> </span>ior <span class="blank _d"> </span>(próximo <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _d"> </span>500 <span class="blank _4"> </span>anos <span class="blank _d"> </span>a.C.), <span class="blank _d"> </span>quando<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">o <span class="blank _8"> </span>Saara <span class="blank _8"> </span>se <span class="blank _8"> </span>tornou <span class="blank _8"> </span>deserto <span class="blank _8"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>as <span class="blank _8"> </span>populações <span class="blank _8"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>viviam <span class="blank _8"> </span>naquela <span class="blank _8"> </span>região </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">tiveram <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span>migrar <span class="blank _d"> </span>para <span class="blank _d"> </span>outras <span class="blank _d"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>egiões <span class="blank _d"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>África <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>posteriormente <span class="blank _d"> </span>para <span class="blank _d"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Ásia <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>Europa. <span class="blank _d"> </span>Na <span class="blank _4"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>ealidade, <span class="blank _d"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>africanos <span class="blank _4"> </span>já <span class="blank _d"> </span>conheciam <span class="blank _4"> </span>essa <span class="blank _4"> </span>rota <span class="blank _d"> </span>há <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">de <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>m<span class="blank _0"> </span>ilhão <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>anos, <span class="blank _5"> </span>porém, <span class="blank _5"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>mpelidos <span class="blank _5"> </span>pela <span class="blank _8"> </span>falta <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>alimentos, <span class="blank _5"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssa </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">migração <span class="blank _0"> </span>tornou-<span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _0"> </span>intensa <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>partir <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>500 <span class="blank _d"> </span>anos <span class="blank _0"> </span>a.C. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Foi<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>or <span class="blank _d"> </span>essa <span class="blank _0"> </span>via <span class="blank _d"> </span>que </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">a <span class="blank _7"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _7"> </span>falcifor<span class="blank _0"> </span>me <span class="blank _7"> </span>se <span class="blank _7"> </span>difundiu <span class="blank _9"> </span>para <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>Sicília, <span class="blank _7"> </span>Portugal, <span class="blank _9"> </span>Espanha, <span class="blank _7"> </span>Arábia </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Saudita e outros países do Oriente Médi<span class="blank _0"> </span>o. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y54 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Entre <span class="blank _2"> </span>os <span class="blank _2"> </span>séculos <span class="blank _2"> </span>15 <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>1<span class="blank _0"> </span>8, <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>DNA <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _2"> </span>falciforme <span class="blank _2"> </span>foi </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">introduzido <span class="blank _5"> </span>nas <span class="blank _5"> </span>Amé<span class="blank _0"> </span>ricas <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>Caribe <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _8"> </span>meio <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>escravidão <span class="blank _5"> </span>africana. </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Especialmente <span class="blank _d"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>Br<span class="blank _0"> </span>asil, <span class="blank _d"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>trezentos <span class="blank _4"> </span>anos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>tráf<span class="blank _0"> </span>ico <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>escravos <span class="blank _4"> </span>fizeram </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">entrar <span class="blank _20"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _20"> </span>portos <span class="blank _20"> </span>da <span class="blank _21"> </span>Bahia, <span class="blank _20"> </span>Pernambuco <span class="blank _21"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _21"> </span>R<span class="blank _0"> </span>io <span class="blank _20"> </span>de <span class="blank _21"> </span>Janeiro </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">aproximadamente <span class="blank _f"> </span>quatro <span class="blank _f"> </span>milhões <span class="blank _f"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>africanos. <span class="blank _19"> </span>Esses <span class="blank _f"> </span>escravos <span class="blank _f"> </span>for<span class="blank _0"> </span>am </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">direcionados <span class="blank _d"> </span>inicialmente <span class="blank _d"> </span>para <span class="blank _d"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>trabalho <span class="blank _d"> </span>nas <span class="blank _d"> </span>faze<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndas <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>cana <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>aç<span class="blank _0"> </span>úcar </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">do nordeste e para a extração do ouro em Minas Gerais. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y5d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">No <span class="blank _6"> </span>início <span class="blank _6"> </span>do <span class="blank _6"> </span>século <span class="blank _6"> </span>18, <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>direcionamento <span class="blank _6"> </span>dos <span class="blank _6"> </span>escravos <span class="blank _6"> </span>tomou </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">o <span class="blank _12"> </span>rumo <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _12"> </span>R<span class="blank _0"> </span>io <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>Janeiro, <span class="blank _12"> </span>onde <span class="blank _12"> </span>mais<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>tarde <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _12"> </span>instalaria <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _12"> </span>corte <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _12"> </span>re<span class="blank _0"> </span>i </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y5f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">D.João <span class="blank _d"> </span>VI. <span class="blank _d"> </span>Recentes <span class="blank _d"> </span>pesquisas <span class="blank _d"> </span>mostraram <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>são <span class="blank _d"> </span>justamente <span class="blank _d"> </span>os <span class="blank _d"> </span>estados </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y62 w3 h8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33447bde-a4c1-490c-89e1-76d9b7f5fbda/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1"> <span class="ls1 v0">9</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">do <span class="blank"> </span>Nordeste, <span class="blank _a"> </span>Minas <span class="blank"> </span>Ger<span class="blank _0"> </span>ais <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>Rio <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>Janeiro <span class="blank"> </span>os <span class="blank"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank"> </span>alta </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">prevalência <span class="blank _19"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _18"> </span>forma <span class="blank _18"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>mperceptível <span class="blank _18"> </span>da <span class="blank _18"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _18"> </span>fa<span class="blank _0"> </span>lciforme <span class="blank _18"> </span>e <span class="blank _18"> </span>o <span class="blank _18"> </span>maior </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">número de doentes da anemia falciforme. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _14"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="ff4 ls2">\u2022</span> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y63 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y64 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Talassemia <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma <span class="blank _6"> </span>palavra <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>origem<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>gr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ega <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span><span class="ff2 ws3">t<span class="blank _0"> </span>halassa</span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y65 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">significa <span class="blank _11"> </span>mar, <span class="blank _11"> </span><span class="ff2 ws4">aima<span class="blank"> </span></span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>é <span class="blank _10"> </span>sangue, <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span><span class="ff2 ws3">a<span class="blank _0"> </span>naima</span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>quer <span class="blank _11"> </span>dizer <span class="blank _10"> </span>falta <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _10"> </span>sangue. </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y66 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Portanto, <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff2">thalassa <span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>naima</span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>(latinizad<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>tala<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssemia) <span class="blank _5"> </span>significa <span class="blank _5"> </span>povos<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y30 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">que <span class="blank _12"> </span>vivem <span class="blank _12"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>mar <span class="blank _5"> </span>(ilhas) <span class="blank _12"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _12"> </span>têm <span class="blank _5"> </span>falta <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _12"> </span>sa<span class="blank _0"> </span>ngue. <span class="blank _12"> </span>Como <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>sabe <span class="blank _12"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y31 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Grécia <span class="blank _6"> </span>é<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>um <span class="blank _6"> </span>país <span class="blank _7"> </span>for<span class="blank _0"> </span>mado <span class="blank _6"> </span>por <span class="blank _7"> </span>uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>região <span class="blank _6"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntinental <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>por <span class="blank _6"> </span>ce<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntenas <span class="blank _6"> </span>de </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y32 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">ilhas. <span class="blank _0"> </span>A <span class="blank _0"> </span>origem <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>G<span class="blank _0"> </span>récia <span class="blank _0"> </span>data <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>3500 <span class="blank _d"> </span>a.C. e, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>partir <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>idade <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _d"> </span>bronz<span class="blank _3"></span>e </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">(2500 <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>1100 <span class="blank _0"> </span>a.C.), <span class="blank _d"> </span>surgiu <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"> </span>ivilização <span class="blank _d"> </span>organizada <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>expansi<span class="blank _3"></span>onista. <span class="blank _d"> </span>As </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">conquistas <span class="blank _12"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>ilhas<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>foram <span class="blank _5"> </span>marcadas <span class="blank _12"> </span>por<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>guerras <span class="blank _5"> </span>cruentas <span class="blank _12"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>foi <span class="blank _5"> </span>durante </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">esse <span class="blank _7"> </span>período <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>cunharam <span class="blank _7"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>termo <span class="blank _7"> </span><span class="ff2 ws3">talassemia</span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>par<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span>signar <span class="blank _7"> </span>que, <span class="blank _7"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">várias <span class="blank _19"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>lhas, <span class="blank _18"> </span>os <span class="blank _18"> </span>conquistadores <span class="blank _18"> </span>obse<span class="blank _0"> </span>rvaram <span class="blank _18"> </span>que <span class="blank _18"> </span>muitas <span class="blank _18"> </span>das <span class="blank _19"> </span>cr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ianças </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">morriam alguns meses após o nascimento com muita palidez<span class="blank _0"> </span>. Com certeza </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">esses <span class="blank _17"> </span>recém-nascidos <span class="blank _17"> </span>tinham <span class="blank _17"> </span>a <span class="blank _b"> </span>forma <span class="blank _17"> </span>mais <span class="blank _17"> </span>grave <span class="blank _17"> </span>da <span class="blank _b"> </span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>alassemia, <span class="blank _17"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">talassemia <span class="blank _18"> </span>maior. <span class="blank _17"> </span>Acontece <span class="blank _18"> </span>que, <span class="blank _18"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _18"> </span>muitas <span class="blank _18"> </span>ilhas, <span class="blank _18"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ram <span class="blank _18"> </span>comuns <span class="blank _18"> </span>os </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">casamentos <span class="blank _19"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntre <span class="blank _18"> </span>parentes <span class="blank _18"> </span>co-sanguí<span class="blank _0"> </span>neos, <span class="blank _18"> </span>pois <span class="blank _18"> </span>esses <span class="blank _18"> </span>povos <span class="blank _18"> </span>ficavam </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">isolados de ou<span class="blank _0"> </span>tras civilizaçõe<span class="blank _0"> </span>s por <span class="blank _0"> </span>longos anos. Portan<span class="blank _0"> </span>to casamentos <span class="blank _0"> </span>entre </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">dois <span class="blank _6"> </span>portadores <span class="blank _6"> </span>imper<span class="blank _0"> </span>ceptíveis <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>talassemia, <span class="blank _6"> </span>ou <span class="blank _6"> </span>talasse<span class="blank _0"> </span>mia <span class="blank _6"> </span>beta <span class="blank _6"> </span>menor, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">eram <span class="blank _7"> </span>comuns <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>probabilidade <span class="blank _7"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>nascere<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _7"> </span>filhos <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>talassemia <span class="blank _7"> </span>beta<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">maior era de 25%. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Em <span class="blank _12"> </span>1<span class="blank _0"> </span>988 <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>grupo <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>arqueólogos <span class="blank _5"> </span>britânicos <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>estudava </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">peças <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>cerâmica <span class="blank _d"> </span>relacionadas <span class="blank _d"> </span>com <span class="blank _d"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>pe<span class="blank _0"> </span>ríodo <span class="blank _d"> </span>relativo <span class="blank _d"> </span>à <span class="blank _d"> </span>época <span class="blank _d"> </span>do <span class="blank _d"> </span>bronze </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">encontrou <span class="blank"> </span>ce<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntenas <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>esqueletos <span class="blank _a"> </span>fossilizados <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>recém-nascidos <span class="blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">estavam <span class="blank _d"> </span>amontoados <span class="blank _4"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>fundo <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>um <span class="blank _d"> </span>abismo <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>ilha <span class="blank _4"> </span>Páros <span class="blank _d"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>mar <span class="blank _d"> </span>Egeu, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">a <span class="blank _17"> </span>120 <span class="blank _b"> </span>km <span class="blank _17"> </span>de <span class="blank _b"> </span>Atenas. <span class="blank _17"> </span>A <span class="blank _b"> </span>análi<span class="blank _3"></span>se <span class="blank _b"> </span>desses <span class="blank _b"> </span>esqueletos <span class="blank _17"> </span>revelou <span class="blank _17"> </span>que <span class="blank _b"> </span>as<span class="blank _3"></span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">estruturas <span class="blank _5"> </span>ósseas <span class="blank _8"> </span>tinham <span class="blank _5"> </span>as<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>alterações <span class="blank _8"> </span>típicas <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>talasse<span class="blank _0"> </span>mia <span class="blank _5"> </span>maior. <span class="blank _5"> </span>O<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">arqueólogos <span class="blank _19"> </span>concluíram <span class="blank _19"> </span>também <span class="blank _19"> </span>que <span class="blank _19"> </span>o <span class="blank _19"> </span>amo<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntoado <span class="blank _19"> </span>de <span class="blank _19"> </span>esqueletos <span class="blank _19"> </span>de </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y62 w3 h8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33447bde-a4c1-490c-89e1-76d9b7f5fbda/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Academia de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José do Rio Preto \u2013 SP <span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span> Paulo Cesar Naoum - 2009 </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws1"> <span class="ls1 ws5 v0">10</span></div><div class="c x1 y4 w2 h4"><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"><span class="fc2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">recém-nascidos <span class="blank _0"> </span>fazi<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>parte <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>oferenda <span class="blank _0"> </span>aos <span class="blank _d"> </span>deuses <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>aplacar-lhes </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">a ira e evitar que outras crianças doentes nascessem. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _14"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="blank _15"> </span> <span class="ff4 ls2">\u2022</span> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y63 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1"> </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y64 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Jonas <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>Cristia<span class="blank _3"></span>ne <span class="blank"> </span>eram <span class="blank _11"> </span>saudáveis, <span class="blank"> </span>jovens <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>formavam<span class="blank _3"></span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>um </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y65 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">casal <span class="blank _6"> </span>com <span class="blank _6"> </span>muitos <span class="blank _6"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>onhos <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>esperanças. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Cristiane <span class="blank _6"> </span>engravid<span class="blank _0"> </span>ou <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>teve <span class="blank _6"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y66 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">gestação <span class="blank _9"> </span>normal. <span class="blank _12"> </span>Com <span class="blank _12"> </span>muita <span class="blank _9"> </span>alegria, <span class="blank _12"> </span>recebe<span class="blank _0"> </span>ram <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _12"> </span>nascimento <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>Aline.<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y30 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">Os <span class="blank _d"> </span>dois <span class="blank _0"> </span>primeiros <span class="blank _d"> </span>meses <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>Aline <span class="blank _d"> </span>foram <span class="blank _0"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo <span class="blank _d"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>todos <span class="blank _d"> </span>recém-nascidos. </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y31 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">A <span class="blank _d"> </span>partir <span class="blank _d"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>terceiro <span class="blank _4"> </span>mês, <span class="blank _4"> </span>Aline <span class="blank _d"> </span>começou <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>ficar <span class="blank _4"> </span>pálida <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>tinha <span class="blank _4"> </span>febre <span class="blank _d"> </span>quase </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y32 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">todos <span class="blank _6"> </span>os <span class="blank _6"> </span>dias. <span class="blank _6"> </span>O <span class="blank _6"> </span>pediatra <span class="blank _6"> </span>disse <span class="blank _6"> </span>ao <span class="blank _6"> </span>casal <span class="blank _6"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>criança <span class="blank _6"> </span>deveria <span class="blank _6"> </span>estar <span class="blank _6"> </span>com </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>virose <span class="blank _6"> </span>crônica <span class="blank _4"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>afetou <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>quali<span class="blank _3"></span>dade <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>alimentação <span class="blank _6"> </span>e, <span class="blank _6"> </span>portanto, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">estava <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _7"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>ferro<span class="blank _0"> </span>. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Paciência <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>udo <span class="blank _7"> </span>voltaria <span class="blank _7"> </span>ao </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">normal após o tratamento com sulfato ferro<span class="blank _0"> </span>so. </div><div class="t m1 x5 h6 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">No <span class="blank _9"> </span>quarto <span class="blank _12"> </span>mês <span class="blank _12"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>coisas <span class="blank _9"> </span>pioraram <span class="blank _12"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>bebê. <span class="blank _9"> </span>O<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>abdômen </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">estava <span class="blank _1e"> </span>inchado <span class="blank _13"> </span>e <span class="blank _13"> </span>a <span class="blank _1e"> </span>mãe<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1e"> </span>per<span class="blank _0"> </span>cebeu <span class="blank _1e"> </span>que <span class="blank _13"> </span>o <span class="blank _13"> </span>crânio <span class="blank _1e"> </span>de <span class="blank _13"> </span>Aline <span class="blank _1e"> </span>tinha </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">imperfeições. <span class="blank _17"> </span>O <span class="blank _18"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>ediatra <span class="blank _17"> </span>se <span class="blank _17"> </span>esquivou <span class="blank _17"> </span>e <span class="blank _17"> </span>sugeriu <span class="blank _17"> </span>que <span class="blank _17"> </span>procurasse <span class="blank _17"> </span>um </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">hematologista, <span class="blank _21"> </span>que <span class="blank _21"> </span>suspeitou <span class="blank _21"> </span>de <span class="blank _21"> </span>talassemia <span class="blank _21"> </span>maior. <span class="blank _21"> </span>Os <span class="blank _21"> </span>exames </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">laboratoriais <span class="blank _1e"> </span>compr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ovaram <span class="blank _1e"> </span>que <span class="blank _13"> </span>Jonas <span class="blank _13"> </span>e <span class="blank _1e"> </span>Cr<span class="blank _0"> </span>istiane <span class="blank _1e"> </span>eram <span class="blank _1e"> </span>portadores </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">imperceptíveis de talassemia beta <span class="blank _0"> </span>menor <span class="blank _0"> </span>e o be<span class="blank _0"> </span>bê havia herdado os genes </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">talassêmicos <span class="blank _6"> </span>do <span class="blank _6"> </span>pai <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _6"> </span>mãe <span class="blank _6"> </span>e, <span class="blank _6"> </span>porta<span class="blank _0"> </span>nto, <span class="blank _6"> </span>era <span class="blank _6"> </span>uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>criança <span class="blank _6"> </span>com <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>forma </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">grave <span class="blank _22"> </span>da <span class="blank _22"> </span>doença, <span class="blank _22"> </span>ou <span class="blank _22"> </span>seja, <span class="blank _13"> </span>a <span class="blank _22"> </span>talassemia <span class="blank _22"> </span>beta <span class="blank _22"> </span>maior. <span class="blank _13"> </span>Or<span class="blank _0"> </span>ientados </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">adequadamente pelo<span class="blank _0"> </span> médico hemato<span class="blank _0"> </span>logista, Aline <span class="blank _0"> </span>está atualmente <span class="blank _0"> </span>com 20<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">anos <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>idade, <span class="blank _9"> </span>bonita <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>cheia <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _12"> </span>sonhos. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Mas <span class="blank _9"> </span>como <span class="blank _9"> </span>ela <span class="blank _9"> </span>conseguiu <span class="blank _9"> </span>tudo<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">isto? <span class="blank _9"> </span>Desde <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span>6<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>meses <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>idade, <span class="blank _9"> </span>recebe <span class="blank _12"> </span>sangue <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>cada <span class="blank _9"> </span>trinta <span class="blank _9"> </span>dias <span class="blank _9"> </span>por </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">meio <span class="blank _a"> </span>da <span class="blank _f"> </span>transfusã<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>uma <span class="blank _f"> </span>certa <span class="blank _f"> </span>quantidade <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>lóbulos <span class="blank _a"> </span>verme<span class="blank _0"> </span>lhos </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">doados <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>tal <span class="blank _6"> </span>fim <span class="blank _4"> </span>e, <span class="blank _6"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>esse <span class="blank _6"> </span>procedimento, <span class="blank _d"> </span>ev<span class="blank _0"> </span>ita-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>anemia <span class="blank _4"> </span>se </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">acentue. <span class="blank _11"> </span>Por <span class="blank _11"> </span>causa <span class="blank _11"> </span>do <span class="blank _11"> </span>sangue <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _11"> </span>rece<span class="blank _0"> </span>beu, <span class="blank _11"> </span>há <span class="blank _2"> </span>um <span class="blank _11"> </span>excesso <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>ferro, </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">proveniente <span class="blank _7"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span>sses <span class="blank _7"> </span>glóbulos <span class="blank _7"> </span>ver<span class="blank _0"> </span>melhos <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>para <span class="blank _7"> </span>evitar <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>seu <span class="blank _7"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>rganismo </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">se <span class="blank _6"> </span>prejudique <span class="blank _6"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>deposição <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>ferro <span class="blank _6"> </span>no <span class="blank _6"> </span>cor<span class="blank _0"> </span>ação, <span class="blank _6"> </span>fígado, <span class="blank _6"> </span>rins, <span class="blank _6"> </span>glândulas </div><div class="t m1 x0 h6 y58 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">endócrinas <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>pele, <span class="blank _2"> </span>ela <span class="blank _2"> </span>usa <span class="blank _8"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>iariamente <span class="blank _2"> </span>um <span class="blank _2"> </span>medicamento <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>funciona </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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