<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x1 h1 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">NUTRIÇÃO MI<span class="blank _0"></span>NERAL DO SOLO<span class="blank _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1<span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span><span class="ws2"> ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA:<span class="ff3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2"> <span class="ls1 v1">O <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _1"> </span>é <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>principa<span class="blank _1"> </span>l <span class="blank _1"> </span>nutriente <span class="blank _1"> </span>das <span class="blank _1"> </span>gramíneas <span class="blank _1"> </span>forrageiras, <span class="blank _1"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _1"> </span>respo<span class="blank _1"> </span>nsáve<span class="blank _0"></span>l <span class="blank _1"> </span>pela </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">manutenção <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>produtividade <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>valor <span class="blank _2"> </span>protéico. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Assim, <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>aplicação <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>adubos <span class="blank _3"> </span>nitrogenados </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y7 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">proporciona <span class="blank _4"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _4"> </span>imediato <span class="blank _4"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>visí<span class="blank _1"> </span>vel <span class="blank _1"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>produção <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>forragem. <span class="blank _4"> </span>O<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitro<span class="blank _1"> </span>gênio <span class="blank _1"> </span>só <span class="blank _5"> </span>perde <span class="blank _4"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y8 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">importância para o fósforo, na época de estabelecimento do pasto. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y9 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O nitrogênio é o <span class="blank _1"> </span>principal constituinte das proteínas, as quais participam ativamente na </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">síntese <span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>compostos <span class="blank _4"> </span>orgânicos <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>formam <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>estrutura <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>vegetal. <span class="blank _4"> </span>É, <span class="blank _4"> </span>portanto, <span class="blank _1"> </span>responsável </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yb ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">pelo <span class="blank _6"> </span>porte <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _6"> </span>planta, <span class="blank _6"> </span>tal <span class="blank _6"> </span>como: <span class="blank _6"> </span>tamanho <span class="blank _6"> </span>das <span class="blank _6"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>do <span class="blank _6"> </span>colmo, <span class="blank _6"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="blank _6"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yc ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">perfilhos, etc. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 yd ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="blank"> </span>fonte <span class="blank _7"> </span>natural <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _7"> </span>no <span class="blank"> </span>solo <span class="blank"> </span>é <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>matéria <span class="blank _7"> </span>orgânica, <span class="blank"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>não <span class="blank"> </span>é <span class="blank _7"> </span>absorvida </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ye ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">diretamente <span class="blank _1"> </span>pelas <span class="blank _1"> </span>plantas<span class="blank _1"> </span>. <span class="blank _1"> </span>É <span class="blank _1"> </span>preciso <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>ela <span class="blank _1"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>decomponha, <span class="blank _1"> </span>através <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _1"> </span>ação <span class="blank _1"> </span>lenta <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>contínua </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yf ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>microrganismos, <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>liberar <span class="blank _4"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _4"> </span>prontamente <span class="blank _4"> </span>assimilável <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>plantas.Como <span class="blank _4"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y10 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">velocidade <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _7"> </span>nos <span class="blank _8"> </span>períodos <span class="blank _8"> </span>da <span class="blank _8"> </span>primavera <span class="blank _8"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>verão <span class="blank _8"> </span>é <span class="blank _8"> </span>muito <span class="blank _8"> </span>grande <span class="blank _8"> </span>em <span class="blank _8"> </span>nossas<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y11 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">condições, <span class="blank _9"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _2"> </span>solos <span class="blank _9"> </span>com <span class="blank _2"> </span>elevado <span class="blank _9"> </span>teor <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>matéria <span class="blank _9"> </span>orgânica, <span class="blank _9"> </span>sua <span class="blank _2"> </span>decomposição <span class="blank _9"> </span>nem </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y12 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">sempre <span class="blank _a"> </span>é <span class="blank _a"> </span>suficiente <span class="blank _a"> </span>para <span class="blank _a"> </span>fornecer <span class="blank _a"> </span>nitrogênio, <span class="blank _a"> </span>indispensável <span class="blank _a"> </span>ao <span class="blank _a"> </span>máximo <span class="blank _a"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank"> </span>da<span class="blank _1"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y13 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">gramíneas. Por outro lado, <span class="blank _1"> </span>quando a velocidade de crescimento das plantas <span class="blank _1"> </span>diminui, a redução </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y14 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">da temperatura a velocidade da decomposição da matéria orgânica também diminui. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y15 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">De <span class="blank _1"> </span>man<span class="blank _1"> </span>eira<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>geral, <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>resposta <span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>capins <span class="blank _4"> </span>à <span class="blank _4"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _4"> </span>nitrogenada <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _1"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>rescente <span class="blank _1"> </span>até <span class="blank _4"> </span>doses </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y16 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">elevadíssimas <span class="blank"> </span>(1.60<span class="blank _0"></span>0kg <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>N/ha/ano), <span class="blank"> </span>entretanto, <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>eficiência <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>utilização <span class="blank _7"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>nitrogênio </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y17 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">aplicado cai à medida que se ultrapasse deter<span class="blank _0"></span>minado limite (300<span class="blank _1"> </span>-400kg de N/ha<span class="blank _0"></span>/ano). </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y18 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y19 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">1.1 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> SINTOMAS DE DEFICIÊNCIA: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y1a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y1b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Se <span class="blank _2"> </span>há <span class="blank _2"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>nit<span class="blank _1"> </span>rogê<span class="blank _0"></span>nio <span class="blank _2"> </span>no <span class="blank _2"> </span>solo, <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _2"> </span>é <span class="blank _2"> </span>lento, <span class="blank _2"> </span>as <span class="blank _2"> </span>plant<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>ficam <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">porte <span class="blank _4"> </span>pequeno, <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>pou<span class="blank _1"> </span>cos <span class="blank _4"> </span>perfilhos <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>teor <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>proteína <span class="blank _5"> </span>to<span class="blank _1"> </span>rna-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>deficiente <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>nutrição </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">animal. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y1e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Os sint<span class="blank _1"> </span>omas de c<span class="blank _1"> </span>arê<span class="blank _0"></span>ncia <span class="blank _1"> </span>de nitrogênio <span class="blank _1"> </span>nas plantas <span class="blank _1"> </span>são: color<span class="blank _1"> </span>aç<span class="blank _0"></span>ão <span class="blank _1"> </span>verde pálida <span class="blank _1"> </span>(quando </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">deficiência <span class="blank _9"> </span>menos <span class="blank _3"> </span>intensa) <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou <span class="blank _3"> </span>amarelada <span class="blank _9"> </span>(qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>ando <span class="blank _9"> </span>mais <span class="blank _3"> </span>intensa); <span class="blank _2"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _2"> </span>lento; <span class="blank _2"> </span>plantas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y20 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">com <span class="blank _1"> </span>colmos <span class="blank _4"> </span>curtos <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>sem <span class="blank _1"> </span>elongação, <span class="blank _1"> </span>ret<span class="blank _1"> </span>ardando <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>florescimento; <span class="blank _1"> </span>baixo <span class="blank _4"> </span>perfilhamento; <span class="blank _1"> </span>folhas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y21 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">novas <span class="blank _8"> </span>com <span class="blank _8"> </span>coloração <span class="blank _3"> </span>v<span class="blank _1"> </span>erde <span class="blank _3"> </span>pálida, <span class="blank _8"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _8"> </span>intermediárias <span class="blank _8"> </span>amareladas <span class="blank _8"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _8"> </span>mais <span class="blank _8"> </span>velhas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y22 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">secas; <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>folh<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>si <span class="blank _5"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank _4"> </span>\u201csecamento\u201d <span class="blank _5"> </span>das <span class="blank _4"> </span>pontas <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>base, <span class="blank _4"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>ais <span class="blank _4"> </span>pronunciado <span class="blank _4"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y23 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nervura <span class="blank"> </span>central <span class="blank _a"> </span>(secamento <span class="blank _a"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>V); <span class="blank _a"> </span>baixos <span class="blank"> </span>teor<span class="blank _1"> </span>es <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>proteín<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>sistem<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>radicular <span class="blank _a"> </span>pouco </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y24 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">desenvolvido. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y25 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Plantas <span class="blank _1"> </span>com <span class="blank _1"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _1"> </span>aguda <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _1"> </span>apresentam<span class="blank _1"> </span>-se <span class="blank _1"> </span>com <span class="blank _1"> </span>poucas <span class="blank _1"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _1"> </span>vivas <span class="blank _1"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y26 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">muito <span class="blank _2"> </span>secas. <span class="blank _2"> </span>No <span class="blank _3"> </span>outono, <span class="blank _2"> </span>as <span class="blank _3"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _2"> </span>mais <span class="blank _3"> </span>velhas <span class="blank _2"> </span>exibem <span class="blank _2"> </span>um <span class="blank _3"> </span>avermelhamento, <span class="blank _2"> </span>precedendo <span class="blank _2"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y27 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">secamento, sendo <span class="blank _1"> </span>isto au<span class="blank _1"> </span>sente no colonião, <span class="blank _1"> </span>suave <span class="blank _1"> </span>nos capins <span class="blank _1"> </span>napier, gordura, <span class="blank _1"> </span>setária, pangola, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">etc. e intenso no Jaraguá. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Além <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>se<span class="blank _1"> </span>r <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>nutriente <span class="blank _9"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>importante <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>produção, <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>também <span class="blank _5"> </span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>esgota </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>rapidame<span class="blank _0"></span>nte <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _9"> </span>solos. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Por <span class="blank _9"> </span>isso, <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _9"> </span>condições <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>campo <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _9"> </span>pastagens <span class="blank _5"> </span>já <span class="blank _9"> </span>formadas, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">são <span class="blank _b"> </span>os <span class="blank _b"> </span>sintomas <span class="blank _b"> </span>de <span class="blank _b"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _b"> </span>de <span class="blank _b"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _b"> </span>que <span class="blank _b"> </span>primeiro <span class="blank _b"> </span>aparecem, <span class="blank _b"> </span>mascara<span class="blank _0"></span>ndo <span class="blank _b"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">constatação <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _9"> </span>sintomas <span class="blank _9"> </span>visuais <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _9"> </span>dos <span class="blank _9"> </span>outros <span class="blank _5"> </span>elementos,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>serão <span class="blank _9"> </span>percebidos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">apenas quando o suprimento de nitrogênio for adequado. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y2e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Nas <span class="blank _4"> </span>leguminosas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>principais <span class="blank _4"> </span>sintomas <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _4"> </span>são: <span class="blank _5"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _4"> </span>com </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">coloração <span class="blank _c"> </span>verde <span class="blank _c"> </span>pálida, <span class="blank _b"> </span>tornando-se, <span class="blank _c"> </span>com <span class="blank _b"> </span>o <span class="blank _c"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _b"> </span>da <span class="blank _c"> </span>deficiência, <span class="blank _c"> </span>cloróticas <span class="blank _b"> </span>e <span class="blank _c"> </span>até </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y30 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">necróticas. <span class="blank _1"> </span>A <span class="blank _1"> </span>clorose <span class="blank _4"> </span>caminha <span class="blank _1"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>ponta <span class="blank _1"> </span>para <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>base <span class="blank _1"> </span>da <span class="blank _1"> </span>folh<span class="blank _1"> </span>a, <span class="blank _1"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _1"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>acentuada <span class="blank _1"> </span>na <span class="blank _1"> </span>ponta<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ls2">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y31 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">As <span class="blank _6"> </span>nervuras <span class="blank _6"> </span>fic<span class="blank _1"> </span>am <span class="blank _6"> </span>com <span class="blank _6"> </span>clorose <span class="blank _6"> </span>menos <span class="blank _d"> </span>acentuada <span class="blank _6"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>limbo <span class="blank _6"> </span>foliar. <span class="blank _d"> </span>Os <span class="blank _6"> </span>sintomas <span class="blank _6"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y32 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">deficiência <span class="blank _3"> </span>aparecem <span class="blank _8"> </span>primeiro <span class="blank _3"> </span>nas <span class="blank _8"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _3"> </span>inferio<span class="blank _1"> </span>re<span class="blank _0"></span>s, <span class="blank _8"> </span>espalhando-se <span class="blank _8"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>seguir, <span class="blank _8"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>todas <span class="blank _8"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">folhas; <span class="blank _3"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="blank _3"> </span>lento; <span class="blank _8"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _3"> </span>pequenas, <span class="blank _3"> </span>grande <span class="blank _2"> </span>queda <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>folhas, <span class="blank _3"> </span>baixos <span class="blank _8"> </span>número <span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">eficiência <span class="blank _1"> </span>dos nódulos. <span class="blank _1"> </span>A <span class="blank _1"> </span>coloração rosa <span class="blank _1"> </span>intensa <span class="blank _1"> </span>indica <span class="blank _1"> </span>eficiente<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>fixação d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e nitrogênio, <span class="blank _1"> </span>assim, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">esta ineficiência pode ser devida a nutrição deficiente dos demais nutrientes. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y37 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">1.2 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> TIPOS DE ADUBOS NITROGENADOS:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">a)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Sulfato de amônio: 20% de nitrogênio e 23% de enxofre; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">b)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Nitrocálcico <span class="blank _4"> </span>concentrado: <span class="blank _4"> </span>27% <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>nitrogênio, <span class="blank _4"> </span>4-5<span class="blank _1"> </span>% <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>óxido <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>cálcio <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>2<span class="blank _1"> </span>-3% <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">óxido de magnésio; </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">c)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Uréia: 45% de nitrogênio; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">d)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Fosfato diamônico (DAP): 18% de nitrogênio e 46% de P<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span></span>O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span><span class="ws2">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">1.3 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> RECOMENDAÇÕES: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y40 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y41 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">No plantio: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Como já foi <span class="blank _1"> </span>dito, o fósforo é de <span class="blank _1"> </span>vital importância no estabelecimento da pastagem, isto </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">não <span class="blank _2"> </span>quer <span class="blank _9"> </span>dizer <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _2"> </span>não <span class="blank _2"> </span>seja <span class="blank _2"> </span>importante <span class="blank _2"> </span>na <span class="blank _9"> </span>im<span class="blank _1"> </span>plantaç<span class="blank _0"></span>ão <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>pastagem, <span class="blank _9"> </span>mas, <span class="blank _2"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">próprio <span class="blank _2"> </span>processo <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>pr<span class="blank _1"> </span>eparo <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>solo <span class="blank _2"> </span>para <span class="blank _2"> </span>plantio, <span class="blank _2"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>incorporação <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>restos <span class="blank _2"> </span>vegetais </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">(matéria orgânica). </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y46 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">No <span class="blank _d"> </span>processo <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>preparo <span class="blank _d"> </span>do <span class="blank _d"> </span>solo, <span class="blank _d"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _d"> </span>também <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>melhoria <span class="blank _d"> </span>das <span class="blank _d"> </span>condições <span class="blank _d"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">infiltração <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"></span>gua, <span class="blank"> </span>aeração, <span class="blank"> </span>etc., <span class="blank"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>acarreta <span class="blank"> </span>melhor <span class="blank"> </span>decomposição <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>mineraliz<span class="blank _0"></span>ação <span class="blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">matéria org<span class="blank _1"> </span>ânica e <span class="blank _1"> </span>liberação <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _1"> </span>prontamente disponível <span class="blank _1"> </span>para <span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _1"> </span>plantas. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Daí <span class="blank _1"> </span>não <span class="blank _1"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">recomendar <span class="blank _1"> </span>à <span class="blank _4"> </span>adição <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>plantio, <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>não <span class="blank _4"> </span>ser <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>solos <span class="blank _1"> </span>extremamente </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">pobres em matéria orgânica ou com algum problema de sua mine<span class="blank _0"></span>ralização.<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4c ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Na manutenção:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Cada <span class="blank _4"> </span>forrageira <span class="blank _5"> </span>tem <span class="blank _5"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>região <span class="blank _4"> </span>climática <span class="blank _5"> </span>onde <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>adapta <span class="blank _4"> </span>melhor. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Desd<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>estejam </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">plantadas <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>regiões <span class="blank _1"> </span>climáticas <span class="blank _4"> </span>adequadas, <span class="blank _1"> </span>podemos <span class="blank _4"> </span>classificar <span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>capins <span class="blank _1"> </span>quanto <span class="blank _4"> </span>à <span class="blank _1"> </span>exigência </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">em fertilidade em: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">a)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Capins de alta exigência: Napier, Colonião, Guatemala, Pangola, Rhodes, etc; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">b)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Capins de média exigência: Jaraguá, gênero <span class="ff6 ws4">Panicum</span>, Estrela africana, etc; </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">c)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Capins pouco exigentes: <span class="ff6 ws4">Brachiarias</span>, <span class="ff6 ws4">Setarias<span class="blank _1"> </span></span>, Gordura<span class="blank _0"></span>, etc. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y54 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Em <span class="blank _1"> </span>geral, o<span class="blank _1"> </span> valor <span class="blank _1"> </span>nutritivo <span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>capins <span class="blank _1"> </span>reflete <span class="blank _1"> </span>esta <span class="blank _1"> </span>classificaçã<span class="blank _0"></span>o, <span class="blank _1"> </span>assim, <span class="blank _1"> </span>um <span class="blank _1"> </span>capim <span class="blank _1"> </span>mais </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">exigente <span class="blank _1"> </span>apresenta <span class="blank _1"> </span>melhor <span class="blank _1"> </span>valor <span class="blank _1"> </span>nutritivo <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>outro <span class="blank _1"> </span>menos <span class="blank _1"> </span>exigente. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Porém <span class="blank _1"> </span>existem <span class="blank _1"> </span>exceções </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">como o capim Gordura, que, mesmo em solos pobres em nitrogênio, apres<span class="blank _1"> </span>enta ba<span class="blank _0"></span>ixa produção </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de massa <span class="blank _1"> </span>verde, por<span class="blank _1"> </span>ém com <span class="blank _1"> </span>valores nutritivos <span class="blank _1"> </span>ainda satisfatórios. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Caso sej<span class="blank _1"> </span>a adubado, <span class="blank _1"> </span>o capim<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y58 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Gordura <span class="blank _9"> </span>apresenta <span class="blank _9"> </span>aumentos <span class="blank _2"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _9"> </span>moderados <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>produção, <span class="blank _9"> </span>po<span class="blank _1"> </span>ré<span class="blank _0"></span>m <span class="blank _9"> </span>con<span class="blank _1"> </span>sideráveis <span class="blank _9"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>valor </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y59 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nutritivo. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Assim, <span class="blank _c"> </span>o <span class="blank _e"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _e"> </span>é <span class="blank _e"> </span>o <span class="blank _e"> </span>principal <span class="blank _e"> </span>adubo <span class="blank _c"> </span>para<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>obtenção <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>alta <span class="blank _e"> </span>pr<span class="blank _1"> </span>odutividade, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">conjugado a um bom valor nutritivo da gramínea forrageira depois que o pasto está forma<span class="blank _0"></span>do.<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Porém, <span class="blank"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>virtude <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>seu <span class="blank"> </span>alto <span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"></span>usto, <span class="blank"> </span>sua <span class="blank"> </span>aplicação <span class="blank"> </span>está <span class="blank"> </span>condicionada <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>diversos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fatores, tais como: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Potencial de produtividade e melhoria do valor nutritivo da espécie forrageira; </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Pastos bem formados e com boa cobertura ve<span class="blank _0"></span>getal da espécie; </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y60 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Adequado manejo; </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y61 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">4)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Existência <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>nível <span class="blank _5"> </span>ad<span class="blank _1"> </span>equado <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _9"> </span>outros <span class="blank _5"> </span>nutrientes <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>solo, <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou <span class="blank _5"> </span>fornecimento <span class="blank _9"> </span>dos </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y62 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">mesmos através de adubação ou calagem; </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y63 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">5)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Aplicação em épocas e doses adequa<span class="blank _0"></span>das;<span class="blank _1"> </span> </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y32 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">6)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Nível de intensidade da exploração pecuária. </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Dessa maneira, indicam-se 3 tipos de dosagens: </div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">a)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">INTENSA: <span class="blank _4"> </span>acima <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>100 <span class="blank _5"> </span>kg <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>N/ha/ano <span class="blank _4"> </span>(500kg <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>sulfato <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>amôni<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">correspondente); </div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">b)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">MÉDIA: <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>50 <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>100kg <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>N/ha/ano <span class="blank _5"> </span>(ou <span class="blank _5"> </span>250-500kg <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>sulfato <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>amônio </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">ou correspondente); </div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">c)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">LEVE: <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>20 <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>50 <span class="blank _1"> </span>kg<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>N/ha/ano <span class="blank _4"> </span>(ou <span class="blank _1"> </span>100<span class="blank _1"> </span>-250kg <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>sulfato <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>amônio <span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span>u </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">correspondente). </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Considerando <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>potencial <span class="blank _9"> </span>produtivo <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>valor <span class="blank _5"> </span>nutritivo <span class="blank _9"> </span>das <span class="blank _5"> </span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>ramíneas <span class="blank _5"> </span>forrageiras, <span class="blank _5"> </span>bem </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">como a intensidade da exploração agropecuária, recomenda-se: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws5">i)<span class="ff5 ls7 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Dosagem <span class="blank _5"> </span>intensa <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _9"> </span>caso <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>pastagens <span class="blank _5"> </span>formadas <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>forrageiras <span class="blank _9"> </span>altamente </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h3 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">produtivas e de bom valor nutritivo, quando em exploração intensiva; </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws5">ii)<span class="ff5 ls9 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Dosagem <span class="blank _d"> </span>média, <span class="blank _d"> </span>para <span class="blank _d"> </span>todos <span class="blank _e"> </span>os <span class="blank _e"> </span>capins, <span class="blank _d"> </span>quando <span class="blank _d"> </span>em <span class="blank _d"> </span>exploração <span class="blank _d"> </span>menos<span class="blank _1"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h3 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">intensiva; </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws5">iii)<span class="ff5 lsa ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Dosagem <span class="blank"> </span>leve, <span class="blank _a"> </span>considerada <span class="blank"> </span>uma <span class="blank _a"> </span>adubação <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>restituição, <span class="blank _a"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>todas <span class="blank _a"> </span>as </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h3 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">gramíneas, para evitar a degradaçã<span class="blank _0"></span>o da pastagem.<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y45 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Nos campos de feno e capineiras: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y46 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Devido <span class="blank _9"> </span>à <span class="blank _2"> </span>grande <span class="blank _9"> </span>remoção <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>nutrientes <span class="blank _9"> </span>através <span class="blank _9"> </span>dos <span class="blank _2"> </span>materiais <span class="blank _2"> </span>cortados <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>removidos, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">deve-se <span class="blank _8"> </span>ter <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank _8"> </span>cuidado <span class="blank _8"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>fazer <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>eposiç<span class="blank _0"></span>ão <span class="blank _8"> </span>dest<span class="blank _1"> </span>es <span class="blank _8"> </span>nutrientes, <span class="blank _7"> </span>principalmente <span class="blank _7"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _7"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">potássio, a fim de evitar a degradação rá<span class="blank _0"></span>pida das áreas de produção. <span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Recomenda-se <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>seja <span class="blank _4"> </span>feito <span class="blank _1"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogenada <span class="blank _4"> </span>após <span class="blank _1"> </span>cada <span class="blank _1"> </span>corte, <span class="blank _4"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>alculada <span class="blank _1"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">base <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>quantidade <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>material <span class="blank _4"> </span>removido, <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>ex.<span class="blank _1"> </span>: <span class="blank _4"> </span>nos <span class="blank _4"> </span>cortes <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>feno, <span class="blank _5"> </span>considerar <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>produção </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de <span class="blank _1"> </span>feno <span class="blank _1"> </span>por <span class="blank _1"> </span>área <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>calcular <span class="blank _1"> </span>como <span class="blank _1"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _1"> </span>2% <span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>retirada de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>N, <span class="blank _1"> </span>assim, <span class="blank _1"> </span>para <span class="blank _1"> </span>uma <span class="blank _1"> </span>produção <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>3t </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de <span class="blank _4"> </span>feno/ha/corte, <span class="blank _4"> </span>considerar <span class="blank _1"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>retirada <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>60 <span class="blank _4"> </span>kg <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>N <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>apl<span class="blank _1"> </span>icar, <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>ex., <span class="blank _4"> </span>300 <span class="blank _4"> </span>kg <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>sulfato </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de amônio para repô-lo. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Para <span class="blank _1"> </span>capineiras, c<span class="blank _1"> </span>alcula<span class="blank _0"></span>r <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>quantidade <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _1"> </span>re<span class="blank _0"></span>tirada <span class="blank _1"> </span>como <span class="blank _1"> </span>entre <span class="blank _1"> </span>0,3 <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff4 ws0">\u2013</span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>0,4% <span class="blank _1"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">N/kg de capim cortado. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y51 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Métodos e épocas de aplicação: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="blank _1"> </span>aplicação <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubos <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogenados <span class="blank _1"> </span>nas <span class="blank _1"> </span>pastage<span class="blank _0"></span>ns <span class="blank _1"> </span>deve <span class="blank _1"> </span>ser <span class="blank _1"> </span>feita <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>cobertura <span class="blank _1"> </span>manual </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">ou <span class="blank _7"> </span>mecanicamente, <span class="blank _8"> </span>apó<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _8"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>rebaixamento <span class="blank"> </span>da<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>forra<span class="blank _0"></span>gem, <span class="blank _7"> </span>seja <span class="blank _7"> </span>por <span class="blank _7"> </span>pastejo <span class="blank"> </span>intenso <span class="blank _8"> </span>ou <span class="blank _7"> </span>meios </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y54 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">mecânicos (roçadeira, cegadeira, etc.). </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Recomenda-se <span class="blank _1"> </span>aplicar <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>dose <span class="blank _1"> </span>média <span class="blank _1"> </span>ou <span class="blank _1"> </span>lev<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubo <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogenado <span class="blank _1"> </span>no <span class="blank _1"> </span>final <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>período </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">das chuvas, <span class="blank _1"> </span>o que <span class="blank _1"> </span>proporciona um <span class="blank _1"> </span>acentuado aumento de <span class="blank _1"> </span>produção para <span class="blank _1"> </span>o período seco <span class="blank _1"> </span>e uma </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">rebrota mais precoce n<span class="blank _1"> </span>a primavera. Não se <span class="blank _1"> </span>deve, entretanto usar a <span class="blank _1"> </span>uréia como <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubo para esse </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y58 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fim, sob pena de perdas por volatilização como amônia, sem as chuvas para incorporá-la. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y59 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Quanto <span class="blank _4"> </span>à <span class="blank _4"> </span>dosagem <span class="blank _4"> </span>intensa, <span class="blank _4"> </span>recomenda-s<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>usá<span class="blank _1"> </span>-la <span class="blank _4"> </span>parcelada, <span class="blank _4"> </span>aplicando-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>1/3 <span class="blank _4"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>início </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">do <span class="blank _1"> </span>verão <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>2/3 <span class="blank _1"> </span>no <span class="blank _1"> </span>final, <span class="blank _1"> </span>quando <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>total <span class="blank _1"> </span>estiver <span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>tre <span class="blank _1"> </span>100 <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>250kg <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>N/ha/<span class="blank _0"></span>ano, <span class="blank _1"> </span>ou <span class="blank _1"> </span>parcelar e<span class="blank _1"> </span>m </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">100kg de N/ha a cada adubação, quando acima deste limite (> 250 kg de N/ha/ano) </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">2 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O <span class="blank _3"> </span>fósforo <span class="blank _8"> </span>desempenha <span class="blank _8"> </span>papel <span class="blank _3"> </span>importante <span class="blank _8"> </span>na <span class="blank _3"> </span>respiração <span class="blank _8"> </span>vegetal, <span class="blank _3"> </span>tendo <span class="blank _8"> </span>influência <span class="blank _8"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y60 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">armazenamento, <span class="blank _9"> </span>transporte <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>uti<span class="blank _1"> </span>liza<span class="blank _0"></span>ção <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>energia <span class="blank _9"> </span>no <span class="blank _9"> </span>processo <span class="blank _2"> </span>fotossintético. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Tem <span class="blank _9"> </span>também </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y61 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">ação na síntese das proteínas e no metabolismo de enzimas. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y62 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Para os <span class="blank _1"> </span>capins, é <span class="blank _1"> </span>o elemento mais <span class="blank _1"> </span>importante depois <span class="blank _1"> </span>do nitrogênio, principalmente <span class="blank _1"> </span>nos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y63 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">primeiros <span class="blank _8"> </span>períodos <span class="blank _8"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>vida <span class="blank _8"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>planta, <span class="blank _8"> </span>quando<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>esta <span class="blank _8"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>absorve <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _8"> </span>grandes <span class="blank _8"> </span>quantidades. <span class="blank"> </span>O </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x8 y64 w2 h5" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/8047d655-f734-4bcb-849d-5f1ff77fbf49/bg4.png"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y32 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fósforo <span class="blank _5"> </span>também <span class="blank _9"> </span>tem <span class="blank _5"> </span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>rande <span class="blank _5"> </span>influência <span class="blank _9"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>cr<span class="blank _1"> </span>esc<span class="blank _0"></span>imento <span class="blank _9"> </span>das <span class="blank _5"> </span>raízes <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>no<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>erf<span class="blank _0"></span>ilhamento, <span class="blank _5"> </span>sendo<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">um dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>fa<span class="blank _0"></span>tores limitantes quando <span class="blank _1"> </span>em deficiência. A falta de p<span class="blank _1"> </span>erf<span class="blank _0"></span>ilhamento proporciona, <span class="blank _1"> </span>então, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">espaços livres no <span class="blank _1"> </span>pasto para o cr<span class="blank _1"> </span>esc<span class="blank _0"></span>imento de <span class="blank _1"> </span>invasoras menos exigentes. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Para leguminosas, o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fósforo <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>principal <span class="blank _9"> </span>nutriente, <span class="blank _9"> </span>já <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>fixado <span class="blank _9"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff6 lsc">Rh<span class="ls1 ws4">izobium</span></span>. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Leguminosas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">forrageiras <span class="blank _4"> </span>crescendo <span class="blank _4"> </span>em<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>solos <span class="blank _4"> </span>pobres <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>fósforo <span class="blank _5"> </span>têm <span class="blank _4"> </span>seu <span class="blank _5"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>limitado, <span class="blank _4"> </span>apresentam </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">pouca nodulação e, conseqüentemente, pouca ou nenhuma fixação de nitrogênio. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y38 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y39 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">2.1 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> SINTOMAS DE DEFICIÊNCIA: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Os <span class="blank _5"> </span>principais <span class="blank _4"> </span>sint<span class="blank _1"> </span>omas <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>fósforo <span class="blank _5"> </span>são: <span class="blank _5"> </span>coloração <span class="blank _5"> </span>verde-esc<span class="blank _1"> </span>ura <span class="blank _4"> </span>intensa, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">lento <span class="blank _1"> </span>crescimento, pouco<span class="blank _1"> </span> ou <span class="blank _1"> </span>nenhum <span class="blank _1"> </span>perfilhamento, <span class="blank _1"> </span>secagem pr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ematura da<span class="blank _1"> </span>s folhas <span class="blank _1"> </span>inferiores, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">pouco <span class="blank _6"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="blank _6"> </span>do <span class="blank _6"> </span>sistema <span class="blank _6"> </span>radicular <span class="blank _6"> </span>(logo, <span class="blank _d"> </span>mais <span class="blank _a"> </span>sensíveis <span class="blank _6"> </span>à <span class="blank _d"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"></span>cas) <span class="blank _6"> </span>e, <span class="blank _6"> </span>algumas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">espécies <span class="blank _9"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank _9"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>rroxeamento <span class="blank _9"> </span>(milho, <span class="blank _2"> </span>Napier, <span class="blank _9"> </span>Jaraguá, <span class="blank _2"> </span>Pangola, <span class="blank _9"> </span>Gordura <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>Setária) <span class="blank _2"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">amarelamento (colonião) que precede<span class="blank _0"></span> o secamento das folhas inferiores. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> Em <span class="blank _5"> </span>pastagens <span class="blank _5"> </span>já <span class="blank _9"> </span>estabelecidas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span>principais <span class="blank _5"> </span>sintomas <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _4"> </span>são:<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>stand <span class="blank _9"> </span>ralo, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">forragem <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>aspecto <span class="blank _9"> </span>gro<span class="blank _1"> </span>sseiro, <span class="blank _9"> </span>colmos <span class="blank _2"> </span>tortuosos, <span class="blank _2"> </span>endurecidos <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>quebradiços, <span class="blank _9"> </span>perfilhamento </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y42 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">reduzido, perfilhos com poucas <span class="blank _1"> </span>folhas, folhas exibem \u201csecamento\u201d que caminha <span class="blank _1"> </span>da ponta para </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">base, <span class="blank _9"> </span>principalmente <span class="blank _2"> </span>nas <span class="blank _2"> </span>bordas, <span class="blank _2"> </span>sementes <span class="blank _9"> </span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>erminam, <span class="blank _9"> </span>mas <span class="blank _2"> </span>plântulas <span class="blank _2"> </span>não <span class="blank _2"> </span>vingam <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>animais </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">que consomem esta apresentam sintomas de deficiência do mineral. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Nas <span class="blank _1"> </span>leguminosas, <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>solos <span class="blank _1"> </span>deficientes, <span class="blank _1"> </span>as plantas <span class="blank _1"> </span>novas <span class="blank _1"> </span>apresentam-se <span class="blank _1"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>coloração </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y46 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">verde <span class="blank _7"> </span>intensa, <span class="blank"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank"> </span>lento, <span class="blank _7"> </span>folhas <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>pequeno <span class="blank _7"> </span>tamanho, <span class="blank"> </span>caules <span class="blank _7"> </span>finos <span class="blank"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>entrenós </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">longos <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>poucas <span class="blank _a"> </span>folh<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _a"> </span>por <span class="blank _a"> </span>planta. <span class="blank _a"> </span>Numa <span class="blank _a"> </span>defic<span class="blank _1"> </span>iência <span class="blank _a"> </span>mais <span class="blank _a"> </span>aguda, <span class="blank _a"> </span>as <span class="blank _6"> </span>plantas <span class="blank _a"> </span>cessam <span class="blank _a"> </span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">crescimento, <span class="blank"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank _a"> </span>clorose <span class="blank _a"> </span>geral <span class="blank _a"> </span>das <span class="blank _a"> </span>folhas, <span class="blank"> </span>com <span class="blank _a"> </span>manchas <span class="blank _a"> </span>necróticas <span class="blank _a"> </span>irregulare<span class="blank _0"></span>s <span class="blank _a"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">intenso <span class="blank _1"> </span>secamento <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>queda <span class="blank _1"> </span>das <span class="blank _1"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _1"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>velhas. <span class="blank _1"> </span>A <span class="blank _1"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>fósfo<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro <span class="blank _1"> </span>também <span class="blank _1"> </span>interfere </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">na <span class="blank _2"> </span>nodulaç<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>leguminosa, <span class="blank _3"> </span>reduzindo <span class="blank _8"> </span>tanto <span class="blank _2"> </span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>número <span class="blank _3"> </span>quanto <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>eficiência <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>fixação <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nitrogênio <span class="blank _5"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _5"> </span>nódulos. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Por <span class="blank _5"> </span>isso, <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _4"> </span>não <span class="blank _5"> </span>muito <span class="blank _5"> </span>acentuada <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>elemento <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>traduz </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">em <span class="blank _2"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>nit<span class="blank _1"> </span>rogênio. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Na <span class="blank _2"> </span>pastagem <span class="blank _2"> </span>consorciada, <span class="blank _2"> </span>quando <span class="blank _2"> </span>há <span class="blank _2"> </span>limitação <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>fósforo, <span class="blank _2"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">leguminosa <span class="blank _2"> </span>tende <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>desaparecer <span class="blank _3"> </span>por <span class="blank _3"> </span>falta <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>fix<span class="blank _1"> </span>açã<span class="blank _0"></span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>nitrogênio, <span class="blank _3"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>leva <span class="blank _3"> </span>à <span class="blank _3"> </span>redução <span class="blank _3"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">crescimento e conseqüente definhamento. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Quadro 1 <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff4 ws0">\u2013</span> Efeito <span class="blank _1"> </span>das adubações nitrogenada <span class="blank _1"> </span>e fosfatada no <span class="blank _1"> </span>estabelecimento <span class="blank _1"> </span>do capim </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">colonião (vasos) e no colonião já estabelecido (parcelas a ca<span class="blank _0"></span>mpo). </div></div><div class="c x8 y65 w3 h6"><div class="t m0 x9 h3 y66 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Tratamentos </div></div><div class="c xa y67 w4 h7"><div class="t m0 xb h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Produção de forragem seca </div></div><div class="c xa y65 w5 h7"><div class="t m0 xc h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">g/vaso </div></div><div class="c xd y65 w6 h7"><div class="t m0 xe h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Kg/ha (parcelas) </div></div><div class="c x8 y69 w3 h7"><div class="t m0 x9 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Testemunha </div></div><div class="c xa y69 w5 h7"><div class="t m0 xf h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">1,3 </div></div><div class="c xd y69 w6 h7"><div class="t m0 x10 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">3.865 </div></div><div class="c x8 y6a w3 h7"><div class="t m0 x11 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Só N </div></div><div class="c xa y6a w5 h7"><div class="t m0 xf h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">1,5 </div></div><div class="c xd y6a w6 h7"><div class="t m0 x10 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">8.447 </div></div><div class="c x8 y6b w3 h7"><div class="t m0 x11 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Só P </div></div><div class="c xa y6b w5 h7"><div class="t m0 xf h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">6,5 </div></div><div class="c xd y6b w6 h7"><div class="t m0 x10 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">4.658 </div></div><div class="c x8 y6c w3 h8"><div class="t m0 x12 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">N + P </div></div><div class="c xa y6c w5 h8"><div class="t m0 x11 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">14,2 </div></div><div class="c xd y6c w6 h8"><div class="t m0 x10 h3 y68 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">8.441 </div></div><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6e ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">2.2 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> TIPOS DE ADUBOS FOSFATADOS: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> <span class="blank _f"> </span>Os <span class="blank"> </span>adubos <span class="blank"> </span>fosfatados <span class="blank _a"> </span>mais <span class="blank"> </span>comumente <span class="blank"> </span>encontrados <span class="blank"> </span>como <span class="blank"> </span>adubos <span class="blank"> </span>simples <span class="blank _a"> </span>são <span class="blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y70 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">seguintes: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y71 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">a)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Superfosfato <span class="blank _8"> </span>simples: <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _8"> </span>20% <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>P<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span><span class="ws0">O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span></span>, <span class="blank _7"> </span>12% <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>enxofre <span class="blank _8"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>28% <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>óxido <span class="blank _7"> </span>de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y72 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">cálcio. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y73 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">b)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Superfosfato triplo: 46% de P<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span></span>O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span><span class="ws2"> e 14% de óxido de cá<span class="blank _0"></span>lcio; </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y74 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">c)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Superfosfato 30: 30% de P<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span><span class="ws0">O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span></span>, 8% de<span class="blank _0"></span> enxofre e 28% de óxido de cálcio; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y75 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">d)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Fosfato diamônico (DAP): 46% de P<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span></span>O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span><span class="ws2"> e 18% de nitrogênio; </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y76 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">e)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Hiperfosfato (fosfato natural): 32% de P<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span><span class="ws0">O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span></span>, 42% de óxido de cálcio; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y77 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6">f)<span class="ff5 lsb ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Fosfato de Araxá (fosfato natural): 28% de P<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span><span class="ws0">O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span></span> e óxido de cálcio; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y78 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">g)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Fosfato Alvorada (fosfato natural): 28% de<span class="blank _0"></span> P<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span><span class="ws0">O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span></span> e 45% de óxido de cálcio; </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y32 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">h)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Fosfato de Patos de Minas; </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws5">i)<span class="ff5 lse ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Fosfato de Araxá parcialmente acidulado. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y35 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">2.3 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> RECOMENDAÇÕES: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y36 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y37 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">No plantio: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Deve-se levar em consideração os teores revelados na análise de solo: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y79 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1)<span class="ff5 lsf ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Níveis baixos <span class="blank _1"> </span>(< 10<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff7 ws1">\uf06d</span>g de <span class="blank _1"> </span>P/ 100cm<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="fs2 ls5 v3">3</span> de <span class="blank _1"> </span>terra) <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff8 ls10">\u2192</span> 80-100 <span class="blank _1"> </span>kg d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e P<span class="fs2 ls11 v2">2</span></span>O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span><span class="ws2">/ha <span class="blank _1"> </span>(400-500kg </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h3 y7a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de superfosfato simples); </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y7b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2)<span class="ff5 lsf ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Níveis <span class="blank _5"> </span>médio-baixos <span class="blank _5"> </span>(10<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>20<span class="ff7 ws1">\uf06d</span>g <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>P/ <span class="blank _5"> </span>100cm<span class="fs2 ls5 v3">3</span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>terra) <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff8 ls10">\u2192</span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>40 <span class="blank _5"> </span>-50 <span class="blank _9"> </span>kg <span class="blank _5"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>P<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span></span>O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span><span class="ws2">/ha </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h3 y7c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">(200-250kg de superfosfato simples); </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y7d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3)<span class="ff5 lsf ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Níveis <span class="blank _1"> </span>médio-altos <span class="blank _1"> </span>(20 <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>30<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff7 ws1">\uf06d</span>g <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>P/ <span class="blank _1"> </span>100cm<span class="fs2 ls5 v3">3</span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>err<span class="blank _0"></span>a) <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff8 ls10">\u2192</span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>20 <span class="blank _1"> </span>kg <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>P<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="fs2 ls5 v2">2</span><span class="ws0">O<span class="fs2 ls5 v2">5</span></span>/h<span class="blank _0"></span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>(100kg<span class="blank _1"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h3 y7e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de superfosfato simples); </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y7f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">4)<span class="ff5 lsf ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Níveis acima de 30<span class="ff7 ws1">\uf06d</span>g de P/ 100cm<span class="fs2 ls5 v3">3</span> de terra) <span class="ff8 ls10">\u2192</span> <span class="ls14 ws7">Nã<span class="blank _0"></span><span class="ls1 ws2">o precisa adubar. </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y80 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws2"> <span class="ls1 v1">O superfosfato simples <span class="blank _1"> </span>pode ser misturado diretamente às sementes na <span class="blank _1"> </span>hora de plantar, </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y81 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">isto <span class="blank _1"> </span>facilita a <span class="blank _1"> </span>regulagem <span class="blank _1"> </span>de sementes <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>aplicar, po<span class="blank _1"> </span>rque o <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubo <span class="blank _1"> </span>age <span class="blank _1"> </span>como d<span class="blank _1"> </span>iluente e, <span class="blank _1"> </span>devido <span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y82 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">sua <span class="blank"> </span>ação <span class="blank _a"> </span>ácida, <span class="blank"> </span>atua <span class="blank _a"> </span>como <span class="blank"> </span>escarificador <span class="blank _a"> </span>das <span class="blank"> </span>sementes. <span class="blank _a"> </span>Nesse <span class="blank _a"> </span>processo <span class="blank"> </span>deve-se <span class="blank _a"> </span>tomar <span class="blank"> </span>2 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y83 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">cuidados essenciais: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y84 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Misturar bem a semente com o adubo; </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y85 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Fazer essa mistura no dia ou na véspera do plantio. </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y86 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws2"> <span class="ls1 v1">Se <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>mistura <span class="blank _2"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>feita <span class="blank _2"> </span>com <span class="blank _9"> </span>antecedência <span class="blank _2"> </span>maior <span class="blank _9"> </span>q<span class="blank _1"> </span>ue <span class="blank _9"> </span>2 <span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff4 ws0">\u2013</span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>3 <span class="blank _2"> </span>dias <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>plantio, <span class="blank _9"> </span>pode <span class="blank _2"> </span>haver </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y87 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">danificação das sementes e prejuízos na germinação. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y88 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Os <span class="blank _1"> </span>fosfatos <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>roc<span class="blank _0"></span>ha, <span class="blank _1"> </span>devido <span class="blank _1"> </span>à <span class="blank _1"> </span>sua baixa<span class="blank _1"> </span> solubilidade, <span class="blank _1"> </span>devem <span class="blank _1"> </span>ser <span class="blank _1"> </span>incorporados <span class="blank _1"> </span>ao solo<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y89 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">com <span class="blank _4"> </span>antecedência <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>rel<span class="blank _1"> </span>aç<span class="blank _0"></span>ão <span class="blank _4"> </span>ao <span class="blank _4"> </span>plantio, <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>época <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>preparo <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>solo. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Como <span class="blank _4"> </span>tais <span class="blank _4"> </span>fosfatos <span class="blank _4"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y8a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">solubilizam <span class="blank _3"> </span>mais <span class="blank _3"> </span>rapidamente <span class="blank _3"> </span>em <span class="blank _8"> </span>solos <span class="blank _3"> </span>mais <span class="blank _3"> </span>ácidos, <span class="blank _8"> </span>seria <span class="blank _3"> </span>aconselhável<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>sua <span class="blank _3"> </span>aplicação </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y8b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fosse feita antes da calagem. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y8c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">É <span class="blank _5"> </span>preciso <span class="blank _4"> </span>lembr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ar <span class="blank _4"> </span>que, <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>pH <span class="blank _5"> </span>acima <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>6,0 <span class="blank _5"> </span>(saturação <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>bases <span class="blank _5"> </span>60%), <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>f<span class="blank _1"> </span>ósforo <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y8d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fosfatos <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>rocha <span class="blank _5"> </span>permanecem <span class="blank _9"> </span>como <span class="blank _5"> </span>fosfato <span class="blank _9"> </span>tricálcico <span class="blank _5"> </span>insolúvel, <span class="blank _9"> </span>indisponível <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>planta. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y8e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">No <span class="blank _5"> </span>caso <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>necessidade <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>grandes <span class="blank _5"> </span>doses <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>cal<span class="blank _1"> </span>cário, <span class="blank _5"> </span>recomenda-se <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>fosfato <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>rocha </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y8f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">seja <span class="blank _8"> </span>aplicado <span class="blank _8"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>lanço <span class="blank _8"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _8"> </span>toda <span class="blank _8"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>superfície <span class="blank _8"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>solo <span class="blank _8"> </span>antes <span class="blank _8"> </span>da <span class="blank _8"> </span>1ª <span class="blank _7"> </span>aração. <span class="blank _8"> </span>A <span class="blank _8"> </span>aplicação <span class="blank _8"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y90 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">calcário <span class="blank _3"> </span>deve <span class="blank _8"> </span>ser <span class="blank _3"> </span>então <span class="blank _8"> </span>retardada, <span class="blank _3"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _8"> </span>incorporado <span class="blank _3"> </span>com <span class="blank _8"> </span>uma <span class="blank _8"> </span>das <span class="blank _3"> </span>gradagens <span class="blank _8"> </span>pré-pl<span class="blank _1"> </span>antio, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y65 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">dando-se um espaço de 1 a 2 meses entre calagem e plantio. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y91 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y92 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Na manutenção: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y93 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Quando <span class="blank _2"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>níveis <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>fósforo <span class="blank _2"> </span>são <span class="blank _3"> </span>baixos, <span class="blank _8"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _3"> </span>fosfatada <span class="blank _3"> </span>oferece <span class="blank _3"> </span>3 <span class="blank _3"> </span>vantagens </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y94 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">principais: </div><div class="t m0 x14 h3 y95 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">a)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Eleva <span class="blank _6"> </span>os <span class="blank _6"> </span>teores <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>fósforo <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>for<span class="blank _0"></span>ragem, <span class="blank _6"> </span>refletindo <span class="blank _6"> </span>positivamente <span class="blank _6"> </span>na <span class="blank _6"> </span>nutrição </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y96 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">animal; </div><div class="t m0 x14 h3 y97 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">b)<span class="ff5 ls4 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">Estimula <span class="blank _9"> </span>maior <span class="blank _9"> </span>perfilhamento <span class="blank _5"> </span>das <span class="blank _9"> </span>plantas <span class="blank _9"> </span>já <span class="blank _9"> </span>existentes <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>surgimento <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>plantas </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y98 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">novas, <span class="blank"> </span>resultantes <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>sementes <span class="blank"> </span>produzid<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _a"> </span>próprio <span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>asto. <span class="blank"> </span>Isso <span class="blank _a"> </span>aumenta <span class="blank _a"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y99 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">cobertura do solo, <span class="blank _1"> </span>evita o desenvolvimento <span class="blank _1"> </span>de plantas invasoras <span class="blank _1"> </span>e combate a <span class="blank _1"> </span>erosão </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y9a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">laminar; </div><div class="t m0 x14 h3 y9b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">c)<span class="ff5 ls3 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Melhora a <span class="blank _1"> </span>eficiência da adubação nitrogen<span class="blank _1"> </span>ada<span class="blank _0"></span>. Esta, <span class="blank _1"> </span>quando efetuada em solos <span class="blank _1"> </span>com </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y9c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">deficiência de fósforo, não produz os resultados desejados. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y9d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls13 ws2"> <span class="ls1 v4">Nos casos em que os teores de fósforo do solo estejam acima de 10<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff7 ws1">\uf06d</span>g/ 100cm<span class="fs2 ls5 v3">3</span> de terra, </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y9e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">esta <span class="blank _2"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _9"> </span>j<span class="blank _1"> </span>á <span class="blank _9"> </span>não <span class="blank _3"> </span>é <span class="blank _2"> </span>necessária. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Deve-se <span class="blank _2"> </span>dar <span class="blank _3"> </span>preferência <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>aplicar <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>dubo <span class="blank _9"> </span>fosfatado <span class="blank _2"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y9f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">início <span class="blank _a"> </span>da <span class="blank _6"> </span>época <span class="blank _a"> </span>das <span class="blank _6"> </span>chuvas, <span class="blank _6"> </span>podendo, <span class="blank _a"> </span>porém, <span class="blank _6"> </span>estendê-la <span class="blank _6"> </span>por <span class="blank _6"> </span>todo <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>período. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Antes <span class="blank _a"> </span>da<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y32 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">aplicação, <span class="blank _9"> </span>efetua-se <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>rebaixamento <span class="blank _2"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>pasto, <span class="blank _2"> </span>aplica-se <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>adubo <span class="blank _2"> </span>em <span class="blank _2"> </span>cobertura <span class="blank _9"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _9"> </span>toda <span class="blank _2"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">superfície <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>pasto, <span class="blank _4"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>endo-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>cuidado <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>voltar <span class="blank _4"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>animais <span class="blank _4"> </span>somente <span class="blank _5"> </span>após <span class="blank _4"> </span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span>correr <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">boa chuva que arraste para o solo as partículas de adubo retidas nas folhas. </div><div class="t m0 x14 h3 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y36 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">3 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> ADUBAÇÃO POTÁSSICA: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O <span class="blank _4"> </span>potássio, <span class="blank _4"> </span>elemento <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>faz <span class="blank _4"> </span>parte <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>estrutura <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>planta, <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>também <span class="blank _4"> </span>responsável <span class="blank _4"> </span>pela </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">translocação <span class="blank _8"> </span>dos <span class="blank _8"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>arboidratos <span class="blank _8"> </span>sintetizados <span class="blank _8"> </span>no <span class="blank _7"> </span>processo <span class="blank _8"> </span>fotossintético. <span class="blank _7"> </span>É <span class="blank _8"> </span>ainda <span class="blank _7"> </span>ativador <span class="blank _8"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">diversas enzimas do metabolismo vegetal. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Em pastagens <span class="blank _1"> </span>formadas <span class="blank _1"> </span>em solos <span class="blank _1"> </span>com teores <span class="blank _1"> </span>originalmente adequados <span class="blank _1"> </span>em potássio, <span class="blank _1"> </span>há </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">uma <span class="blank _2"> </span>recirculação <span class="blank _2"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>elemento, <span class="blank _3"> </span>através <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>urina <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>fezes <span class="blank _2"> </span>dos <span class="blank _2"> </span>animais<span class="blank _1"> </span>, <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>volt<span class="blank _1"> </span>am <span class="blank _9"> </span>ao <span class="blank _3"> </span>pasto. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Quando, <span class="blank _8"> </span>porém, <span class="blank _8"> </span>os <span class="blank _8"> </span>teores <span class="blank _8"> </span>no <span class="blank _8"> </span>solo <span class="blank _7"> </span>são <span class="blank _8"> </span>originalmente <span class="blank _8"> </span>baixos, <span class="blank _8"> </span>torn<span class="blank _1"> </span>a-se <span class="blank _8"> </span>necessária <span class="blank _8"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>devid<span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">correção <span class="blank _1"> </span>qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>e, <span class="blank _1"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>fetivada, <span class="blank _1"> </span>vai <span class="blank _4"> </span>li<span class="blank _1"> </span>mitar <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>rodução <span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>pasto <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>efeito <span class="blank _5"> </span>esperado <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>outras </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">adubações (principalmente a nitrogena<span class="blank _0"></span>da). </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _1"> </span>potássica <span class="blank _1"> </span>cresce <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>importância <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>capineiras <span class="blank _1"> </span>ou <span class="blank _1"> </span>áreas <span class="blank _1"> </span>reservadas <span class="blank _1"> </span>para <span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">produção de feno, <span class="blank _1"> </span>onde o material cortado r<span class="blank _1"> </span>emove grandes quantidades de <span class="blank _1"> </span>potássio, tornando<span class="blank _1"> </span>-</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">se necessária sua reposição. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Em <span class="blank _9"> </span>pastagens <span class="blank _5"> </span>consorciadas, <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _9"> </span>potássica <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>vital <span class="blank _5"> </span>im<span class="blank _1"> </span>portância, <span class="blank _9"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank _5"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">solos <span class="blank _9"> </span>com <span class="blank _9"> </span>teores <span class="blank _9"> </span>consid<span class="blank _1"> </span>era<span class="blank _0"></span>dos <span class="blank _9"> </span>médios <span class="blank _9"> </span>pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _9"> </span>pastagens <span class="blank _9"> </span>exclusivas <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>outras <span class="blank _2"> </span>culturas. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Um <span class="blank _9"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">principais efeitos é aumentar a proporção de leguminosa na consorciação. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y45 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y46 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">3.1 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> SINTOMAS DE DEFICIÊNCIA: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Os <span class="blank _d"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"></span>apins <span class="blank _d"> </span>deficiente<span class="blank _0"></span>s <span class="blank _d"> </span>em <span class="blank _d"> </span>potássio <span class="blank _6"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank _d"> </span>colmos <span class="blank _6"> </span>finos, <span class="blank _d"> </span>raquíticos <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>pouco </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">resistentes <span class="blank _8"> </span>ao <span class="blank"> </span>tomba<span class="blank _0"></span>mento. <span class="blank _7"> </span>As <span class="blank _7"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _8"> </span>apresentam-se <span class="blank _7"> </span>pouco <span class="blank _7"> </span>desenvolvidas, <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _8"> </span>coloração </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">normal <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>ligeiramente <span class="blank _3"> </span>cloróticas, <span class="blank _8"> </span>quando <span class="blank _3"> </span>mais <span class="blank _8"> </span>novas, <span class="blank _8"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>amarelo<span class="blank _1"> </span>-alaranjadas <span class="blank _3"> </span>(colonião) <span class="blank _3"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">amareladas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>quando <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>tornam <span class="blank _5"> </span>intermediárias <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>começam <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>most<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _0"></span>r <span class="blank _5"> </span>manchas <span class="blank _5"> </span>necróticas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>que<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">aparecem <span class="blank _3"> </span>em <span class="blank _8"> </span>maior <span class="blank _8"> </span>número <span class="blank _3"> </span>nas <span class="blank _8"> </span>pontas <span class="blank _8"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>ao <span class="blank _3"> </span>l<span class="blank _1"> </span>ongo <span class="blank _3"> </span>das <span class="blank _3"> </span>margens, <span class="blank _8"> </span>permanecendo <span class="blank _8"> </span>as <span class="blank _3"> </span>part<span class="blank _1"> </span>es </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">centrais <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>folha <span class="blank _5"> </span>verdes, <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>algum <span class="blank _5"> </span>tempo. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Ao <span class="blank _5"> </span>envelhecerem, <span class="blank _5"> </span>essas <span class="blank _4"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _9"> </span>começa<span class="blank _0"></span>m <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>secar </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">da <span class="blank _5"> </span>ponta <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>base, <span class="blank _5"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>secamento <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>intenso <span class="blank _5"> </span>nas <span class="blank _5"> </span>margens. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Depois <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>secas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>ficam </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">com <span class="blank _1"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>coloração <span class="blank _4"> </span>parda, <span class="blank _4"> </span>conservando <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>manchas <span class="blank _4"> </span>necróticas <span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>tonalidade <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>escura, <span class="blank _1"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fundo <span class="blank"> </span>pardo. <span class="blank"> </span>Pastagens <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>ca<span class="blank _0"></span>pins <span class="blank"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>tais <span class="blank"> </span>sintomas <span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"></span>ausam <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>impressão <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>terem <span class="blank"> </span>sido </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">sapecadas pelo fogo. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Para <span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _1"> </span>leguminosas, <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>potássio, <span class="blank _1"> </span>al<span class="blank _1"> </span>ém <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>afetar <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _1"> </span>da <span class="blank _1"> </span>planta </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">em <span class="blank _d"> </span>si, <span class="blank _d"> </span>diminui <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>nodulação <span class="blank _d"> </span>(número <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>tamanho <span class="blank _d"> </span>dos <span class="blank _e"> </span>nódulos), <span class="blank _d"> </span>afetando <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>fixação <span class="blank _d"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y54 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nitrogênio. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Sintomas <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>potássio <span class="blank _1"> </span>nas <span class="blank _1"> </span>leguminosas <span class="blank _1"> </span>são <span class="blank _1"> </span>bastante <span class="blank _1"> </span>comuns <span class="blank _1"> </span>quando </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">em <span class="blank _8"> </span>consorci<span class="blank _1"> </span>aç<span class="blank _0"></span>ão, <span class="blank _7"> </span>pois <span class="blank _7"> </span>estas <span class="blank _7"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank _7"> </span>menor <span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"></span>apacidade <span class="blank _8"> </span>qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>as <span class="blank"> </span>gra<span class="blank _0"></span>míneas <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>retirar <span class="blank _7"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">potássio <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>solo, <span class="blank _5"> </span>quando <span class="blank _4"> </span>este <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>apresenta <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>ní<span class="blank _1"> </span>veis <span class="blank _4"> </span>baixos <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>médios. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Os <span class="blank _4"> </span>sintomas <span class="blank _5"> </span>visuais </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">desta <span class="blank _d"> </span>defic<span class="blank _0"></span>iência <span class="blank _d"> </span>são <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>dim<span class="blank _1"> </span>inuição <span class="blank _6"> </span>do <span class="blank _d"> </span>tamanho <span class="blank _d"> </span>das <span class="blank _d"> </span>folha<span class="blank _0"></span>s <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"></span>lorose <span class="blank _d"> </span>internerval, <span class="blank _6"> </span>mais<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y58 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">acen<span class="ls1 ws2">tuada <span class="blank _1"> </span>no seu <span class="blank _1"> </span>ápice e <span class="blank _1"> </span>bordos, perm<span class="blank _1"> </span>ane<span class="blank _0"></span>cendo a<span class="blank _1"> </span> base <span class="blank _1"> </span>com coloração v<span class="blank _1"> </span>erde normal. <span class="blank _1"> </span>A segui<span class="blank _1"> </span>r </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y59 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">começa <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>aparecer <span class="blank _2"> </span>uma <span class="blank _3"> </span>necrose <span class="blank _2"> </span>nas <span class="blank _2"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>arte<span class="blank _0"></span>s <span class="blank _2"> </span>cloróticas, <span class="blank _3"> </span>enrolamento <span class="blank _2"> </span>dos <span class="blank _2"> </span>bordos <span class="blank _3"> </span>necrosados, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">completo secamento das folhas e, por fim, queda. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5c ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">3.2 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span>RECOMENDAÇÕES: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5e ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">3.2.a <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Pastagens exclusivas de gramíneas: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y60 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> <span class="blank _f"> </span>Mediante a <span class="blank _1"> </span>análise de<span class="blank _1"> </span> solo, <span class="blank _1"> </span>se os <span class="blank _1"> </span>teores forem<span class="blank _1"> </span> menores <span class="blank _1"> </span>que 0,12 <span class="blank _1"> </span>meq/100cm<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="fs2 ls5 v3">3</span> de <span class="blank _1"> </span>terra, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y61 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">recomenda-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>aplicar <span class="blank _4"> </span>80 <span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="ff4 ws0">\u2013</span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>100 <span class="blank _4"> </span>kg <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>cloreto <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>potássio <span class="blank _5"> </span>(KCl) <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>hectare. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Se <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>teores <span class="blank _5"> </span>são </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y62 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">mais elevados que esses índices, não é prec<span class="blank _0"></span>iso adubação potássica. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y63 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y32 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">No plantio: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Na <span class="blank _6"> </span>formação <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _6"> </span>pastagem, <span class="blank _6"> </span>aplicar <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>KCl <span class="blank _6"> </span>misturado <span class="blank _6"> </span>com <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>adubo <span class="blank _a"> </span>fosfatado <span class="blank _6"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">adubação <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>plantio. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Caso <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _1"> </span>misture <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>semente <span class="blank _4"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubo <span class="blank _4"> </span>fosfatado, <span class="blank _1"> </span>não <span class="blank _1"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>deve <span class="blank _4"> </span>juntar <span class="blank _1"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">potássico, <span class="blank _a"> </span>neste <span class="blank _a"> </span>caso, <span class="blank _a"> </span>aplica-se <span class="blank _a"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>cobertura, <span class="blank _a"> </span>após <span class="blank _a"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>primeiro <span class="blank _a"> </span>pastejo <span class="blank _a"> </span>do <span class="blank _a"> </span>pasto <span class="blank _6"> </span>recém-</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">formado. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y38 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Na manutenção:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Nas <span class="blank _d"> </span>pastagens <span class="blank _e"> </span>já <span class="blank _d"> </span>fo<span class="blank _1"> </span>rmada<span class="blank _0"></span>s, <span class="blank _e"> </span>aplicar <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>dose <span class="blank _d"> </span>recomendada <span class="blank _e"> </span>em <span class="blank _d"> </span>cobe<span class="blank _1"> </span>rtura, <span class="blank _d"> </span>após <span class="blank _e"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">rebaixamento <span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>pasto, <span class="blank _4"> </span>no <span class="blank _1"> </span>início, <span class="blank _4"> </span>durante <span class="blank _1"> </span>ou <span class="blank _1"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>final <span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>período <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _1"> </span>águas <span class="blank _1"> </span>(mist<span class="blank _1"> </span>ura<span class="blank _0"></span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">adubação fosfatada ou com a nitrogenada recomendada para o fim das águas). </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">3.2.b <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Pastagens consorciadas: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3e ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">No plantio: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Se os <span class="blank _1"> </span>teores <span class="blank _1"> </span>de potássio <span class="blank _1"> </span>forem menores <span class="blank _1"> </span>que 0,12 <span class="blank _1"> </span>meq/100 <span class="blank _1"> </span>cm<span class="fs2 ls5 v3">3</span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de terra, <span class="blank _1"> </span>aplicar 100 <span class="blank _1"> </span>kg </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de <span class="blank _7"> </span>KCl/ha <span class="blank"> </span>misturado <span class="blank _8"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>adubo <span class="blank"> </span>fosfatado. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Caso <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>adubo <span class="blank _7"> </span>fosfatado <span class="blank _7"> </span>seja <span class="blank _7"> </span>misturado <span class="blank"> </span>às </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">sementes, <span class="blank _8"> </span>não <span class="blank _8"> </span>misturar <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _8"> </span>KCl, <span class="blank _7"> </span>aplicá-lo <span class="blank _8"> </span>em <span class="blank _7"> </span>cobertura <span class="blank _8"> </span>logo <span class="blank _8"> </span>após <span class="blank _8"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>início <span class="blank _8"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>germinação, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">aumentando <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>dose <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>150 <span class="blank _1"> </span>kg <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>KCl/ha. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Quan<span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>teores <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>potássio <span class="blank _4"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>solo <span class="blank _1"> </span>estão <span class="blank _4"> </span>entre </div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">0,12 <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>0,40 <span class="blank _4"> </span>meq/100cm<span class="fs2 ws8 v3">3</span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>terra, <span class="blank _4"> </span>recomendam-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _4"> </span>50 <span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="ff4 ws0">\u2013</span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>60 <span class="blank _4"> </span>kg <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>KCl<span class="blank _1"> </span>/ha <span class="blank _1"> </span>e, <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>teores </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">acima de 0,40 meq, não é preciso adubação potássica no plantio. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y46 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y47 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Na manutenção:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Se <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span>teores <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>potássio <span class="blank _9"> </span>estão <span class="blank _9"> </span>abaixo <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>0,12 <span class="blank _2"> </span>meq/100cm<span class="fs2 ls5 v3">3</span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>terra, <span class="blank _9"> </span>recomendam-se </div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">150 <span class="blank _1"> </span>kg <span class="blank _1"> </span>de KCl/ha <span class="blank _1"> </span>e, <span class="blank _1"> </span>se entre <span class="blank _1"> </span>0,12 e <span class="blank _1"> </span>0,30, <span class="blank _1"> </span>80 <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff4 ws0">\u2013</span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>100 kg <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>KCl/ha. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Acima de <span class="blank _1"> </span>0,30 meq/100<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ls6 ws3">cm</span><span class="fs2 ws8 v3">3</span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de terra, não é preciso mais adubação potássica. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4c ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">3.2.c <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Capineiras e pastos de feno: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> <span class="blank _f"> </span>Nesses <span class="blank _4"> </span>casos <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _4"> </span>potássica <span class="blank _4"> </span>tem <span class="blank _4"> </span>su<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>impor<span class="blank _1"> </span>tância <span class="blank _1"> </span>acentuada, <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>evido <span class="blank _1"> </span>à <span class="blank _4"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>emoção </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de material cortado e, com este, grande quantidade de potássio, além do nitrogênio. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y51 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">No plantio: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Recomendam-se as mesmas doses indicadas para a formação de pastos exclusivos. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y54 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Na manutenção:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Considera-se, da mesma forma que para o nitrogênio, a quantidade de material retirado </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">da <span class="blank _9"> </span>seguinte <span class="blank _9"> </span>forma: <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>feno <span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ff8 ls10">\u2192</span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>2% <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>K <span class="blank _9"> </span>(ou <span class="blank _9"> </span>4% <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>KCl) <span class="blank _9"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>matéria <span class="blank _9"> </span>seca <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>f<span class="blank _1"> </span>eno, <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>para </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">capineiras <span class="ff8 ls10">\u2192</span> 4 kg de K (ou 8 kg de KCl) pro tonelada de material ver<span class="blank _0"></span>de cortado. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y58 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y59 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5a ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">4 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> ENXOFRE: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O <span class="blank _a"> </span>enxofre <span class="blank _a"> </span>tem <span class="blank _a"> </span>gr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ande<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>im<span class="blank _1"> </span>portânc<span class="blank _0"></span>ia <span class="blank _a"> </span>na <span class="blank _a"> </span>síntese <span class="blank _6"> </span>das <span class="blank _a"> </span>proteínas, <span class="blank _a"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>esde <span class="blank"> </span>qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>todas <span class="blank _a"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">proteínas <span class="blank _5"> </span>vegetais <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>sua <span class="blank _5"> </span>composição. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Sua <span class="blank _9"> </span>principal <span class="blank _5"> </span>função <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>conversão <span class="blank _4"> </span>do<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nitrogênio <span class="blank _4"> </span>não-protéico <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>proteína, <span class="blank _4"> </span>quer <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>absorvido <span class="blank _5"> </span>diretamente <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>solo, <span class="blank _4"> </span>quer <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>fixado <span class="blank _5"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">atmosfera, via sistema simbiótico, nas leguminosas. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">As <span class="blank _9"> </span>leguminosas, <span class="blank _9"> </span>como <span class="blank _9"> </span>possuidoras <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>altos <span class="blank _9"> </span>teores <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>proteínas, <span class="blank _2"> </span>exigem <span class="blank _9"> </span>quantidades </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y60 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">bastante <span class="blank _4"> </span>elevadas <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>enxofre <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>seu <span class="blank _5"> </span>perfeito <span class="blank _4"> </span>desenvolvimento. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Nessas<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>plantas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>enxofre </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y61 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">tem <span class="blank _4"> </span>destacado <span class="blank _1"> </span>papel <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _1"> </span>f<span class="blank _1"> </span>ormaç<span class="blank _0"></span>ão <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>nódulos, <span class="blank _4"> </span>bem <span class="blank _4"> </span>como <span class="blank _1"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>processo <span class="blank _1"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y62 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fixação de nitrogênio pelos mesmos. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y63 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y32 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">4.1 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> SINTOMAS DE DEFICIÊNCIA: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y34 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Nas gramíneas: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Amarelecimento das folh<span class="blank _1"> </span>as mais novas, o <span class="blank _1"> </span>que diferencia da d<span class="blank _1"> </span>eficiência de nitrogênio <span class="blank _1"> </span>é </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">que, <span class="blank _2"> </span>no <span class="blank _8"> </span>caso <span class="blank _2"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>nitrogênio, <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>amarelecimento <span class="blank _3"> </span>é <span class="blank _3"> </span>mais <span class="blank _3"> </span>intenso <span class="blank _3"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _2"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _3"> </span>mais <span class="blank _3"> </span>velhas, <span class="blank _3"> </span>qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">apresentam <span class="blank _1"> </span>secamento ac<span class="blank _1"> </span>eler<span class="blank _0"></span>ado <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>morte <span class="blank _1"> </span>pre<span class="blank _0"></span>matura, <span class="blank _1"> </span>ao <span class="blank _1"> </span>passo <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>na d<span class="blank _1"> </span>efic<span class="blank _0"></span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>ência d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e enxofre <span class="blank _1"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">amarelecimento <span class="blank _9"> </span>começa <span class="blank _9"> </span>pelas <span class="blank _5"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _9"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>nov<span class="blank _1"> </span>as, <span class="blank _9"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>velh<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>tendem <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>durar </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">mais <span class="blank _1"> </span>tempo. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Cores <span class="blank _1"> </span>anormais <span class="blank _1"> </span>(roxo, <span class="blank _1"> </span>laranja, <span class="blank _1"> </span>verm<span class="blank _1"> </span>elho) <span class="blank _1"> </span>nas <span class="blank _1"> </span>folhas <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>caules. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Folhas <span class="blank _1"> </span>pequenas <span class="blank _1"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">com <span class="blank"> </span>enrolamento <span class="blank"> </span>nas <span class="blank"> </span>margens. <span class="blank"> </span>Morte <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>desfolhamento, <span class="blank"> </span>internos <span class="blank"> </span>curtos <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>diminuição <span class="blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">florescimento. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Nas leguminosas:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Folhas <span class="blank _1"> </span>mais <span class="blank _1"> </span>novas <span class="blank _1"> </span>com <span class="blank _1"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>olora<span class="blank _0"></span>ção <span class="blank _1"> </span>verde <span class="blank _1"> </span>pálido-<span class="blank _1"> </span>esbranquiça<span class="blank _0"></span>do, <span class="blank _1"> </span>inclusive <span class="blank _1"> </span>nas <span class="blank _1"> </span>nervuras.<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Com <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>desenvolvimento, <span class="blank _8"> </span>estas <span class="blank"> </span>folha<span class="blank _0"></span>s <span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"></span>presentam<span class="blank _1"> </span>-se<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>inteiramente <span class="blank _7"> </span>amareladas. <span class="blank _8"> </span>R<span class="blank _1"> </span>aízes <span class="blank _8"> </span>mal </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">desenvolvidas <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>b<span class="blank _1"> </span>aixa <span class="blank _1"> </span>nodulação. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Não <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _1"> </span>deve <span class="blank _4"> </span>esquecer <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>enxofre <span class="blank _1"> </span>limi<span class="blank _1"> </span>ta <span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fixação <span class="blank _2"> </span>do <span class="blank _8"> </span>nitrogênio, <span class="blank _3"> </span>assim, <span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>sint<span class="blank _1"> </span>omas <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>enxofre <span class="blank _3"> </span>se <span class="blank _3"> </span>confundem <span class="blank _3"> </span>ou <span class="blank _8"> </span>são </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">mascarados pelos de deficiência de nitrogênio. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y44 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">4.2 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> FORMAS DE FORNECIMENTO: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="blank _4"> </span>principal <span class="blank _4"> </span>fonte <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>fo<span class="blank _1"> </span>rnecimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>enxofre <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>plantas <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>matéria<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>orgânica <span class="blank _4"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y46 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">solo. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Solos com <span class="blank _1"> </span>baixos teores de <span class="blank _1"> </span>matéria orgânica, <span class="blank _1"> </span>principalmente os <span class="blank _1"> </span>arenosos esgotados, <span class="blank _1"> </span>tem </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">pouco <span class="blank _4"> </span>potencial <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>fornecimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>enxofre <span class="blank _4"> </span>às <span class="blank _4"> </span>plantas <span class="blank _4"> </span>e, <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>este <span class="blank _5"> </span>elemento <span class="blank _4"> </span>não <span class="blank _5"> </span>for <span class="blank _4"> </span>fornecido </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">na <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubação, <span class="blank _1"> </span>haverá <span class="blank _1"> </span>limitação <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _1"> </span>das <span class="blank _1"> </span>gramíneas <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>fixação <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _1"> </span>pelas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">leguminosas nas pastagens consorciadas, podendo levá-las ao desaparecimento do consórcio. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>das <span class="blank _5"> </span>maneiras <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>práticas <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>corrigir <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span>ficiência <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>enxofre <span class="blank _4"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>pastagens <span class="blank _9"> </span>é </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fornecê-lo em um adubo <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogena<span class="blank _0"></span>do e/ou fosfatado <span class="blank _1"> </span>que contenha enxofre em sua composição </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">(sulfato <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>amônio/superfosfa<span class="blank _0"></span>to <span class="blank _7"> </span>simples). <span class="blank"> </span>No <span class="blank _8"> </span>caso <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>se<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>utilizar <span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"></span>dubos <span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>não <span class="blank _7"> </span>contém </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">enxofre, pode-se <span class="blank _1"> </span>utilizar o <span class="blank _1"> </span>gesso (sulfato <span class="blank _1"> </span>de cálcio) que <span class="blank _1"> </span>contém 15% <span class="blank _1"> </span>de S <span class="blank _1"> </span>e pode <span class="blank _1"> </span>ser <span class="blank _1"> </span>usado na </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">dose de 150 a 300 kg/ha. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y32 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">5 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> MICRONUTRIENTES: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y33 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Pastagens de gramíneas: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Não <span class="blank _1"> </span>se <span class="blank _1"> </span>acredita <span class="blank _1"> </span>qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>ad<span class="blank _1"> </span>ubaç<span class="blank _0"></span>ão <span class="blank _1"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>micronutrientes <span class="blank _1"> </span>possa <span class="blank _4"> </span>ter <span class="blank _1"> </span>resultados <span class="blank _1"> </span>positi<span class="blank _1"> </span>vos <span class="blank _1"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">aumento <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>produção <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>forragem <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>pastagens <span class="blank _1"> </span>exclusivas <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>gramíne<span class="blank _0"></span>as, <span class="blank _1"> </span>enquanto <span class="blank _1"> </span>estas <span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">forem supridas <span class="blank _1"> </span>com qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>antidades adequadas <span class="blank _1"> </span>de macronutrientes <span class="blank _1"> </span>cuja deficiência <span class="blank _1"> </span>é mais <span class="blank _1"> </span>aguda, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de forma <span class="blank _1"> </span>a elevar <span class="blank _1"> </span>a prod<span class="blank _1"> </span>utividade das pastagens <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>que a adub<span class="blank _1"> </span>aç<span class="blank _0"></span>ão <span class="blank _1"> </span>com micronutrientes possa,<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">então ter resultados positivos <span class="blank _1"> </span>nas deficiênc<span class="blank _0"></span>ias. Um dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>casos em que t<span class="blank _1"> </span>alve<span class="blank _0"></span>z se deva incluir um </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">micronutriente <span class="blank _1"> </span>na <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>pastos <span class="blank _4"> </span>exclusivos <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>capim, <span class="blank _1"> </span>é <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>zinco,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>principalmente <span class="blank _1"> </span>para </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">produção <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>gr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ãos <span class="blank _1"> </span>(milho, <span class="blank _1"> </span>sorgo, <span class="blank _1"> </span>ar<span class="blank _1"> </span>roz<span class="blank _0"></span>, <span class="blank _4"> </span>etc.) <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>se<span class="blank _1"> </span>us <span class="blank _1"> </span>teores <span class="blank _1"> </span>na <span class="blank _1"> </span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _0"></span>gem <span class="blank _1"> </span>sã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>deficientes <span class="blank _1"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nutrição <span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"></span>nimal. <span class="blank"> </span>Nessas <span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"></span>ondições, <span class="blank"> </span>recomenda-se <span class="blank"> </span>10kg <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>sulfa<span class="blank _0"></span>to <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>zinco <span class="blank"> </span>adicionado <span class="blank"> </span>à </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">adubação fosfatada a usar no plantio do pasto. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Pastagens consorciadas: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubação com <span class="blank _1"> </span>micronutrientes <span class="blank _1"> </span>cresce <span class="blank _1"> </span>em importância, <span class="blank _1"> </span>devido <span class="blank _1"> </span>ao <span class="blank _1"> </span>pape<span class="blank _0"></span>l <span class="blank _1"> </span>fundamental </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">e <span class="blank _d"> </span>das <span class="blank _6"> </span>funções <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span>ca<span class="blank _0"></span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>um <span class="blank _d"> </span>deles <span class="blank _6"> </span>exerce <span class="blank _d"> </span>no <span class="blank _d"> </span>processo <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>fixação <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _d"> </span>pelas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">leguminosas. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y41 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y42 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">5.1 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Molibdênio: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">É <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _8"> </span>mi<span class="blank _1"> </span>cronutr<span class="blank _0"></span>iente <span class="blank _8"> </span>mais <span class="blank"> </span>importante <span class="blank _8"> </span>para <span class="blank _8"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>proce<span class="blank _0"></span>sso <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>fixação <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _8"> </span>nos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y44 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nódulos. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Faz <span class="blank _9"> </span>part<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>complexo <span class="blank _2"> </span>enzimático <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>atua <span class="blank _2"> </span>na <span class="blank _2"> </span>fixação <span class="blank _2"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _2"> </span>atmosférico </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y45 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">pelas <span class="blank _9"> </span>bactérias <span class="blank _2"> </span>dos <span class="blank _9"> </span>nódulos<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>das <span class="blank _9"> </span>leg<span class="blank _1"> </span>uminosas. <span class="blank _9"> </span>As <span class="blank _2"> </span>quantidades <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>molibdênio <span class="blank _9"> </span>exigidas <span class="blank _2"> </span>neste </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y46 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">processo <span class="blank _c"> </span>são <span class="blank _b"> </span>b<span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _c"> </span>superiores <span class="blank _b"> </span>àquelas <span class="blank _b"> </span>exigidas <span class="blank _10"> </span>para <span class="blank _c"> </span>o <span class="blank _b"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>resc<span class="blank _0"></span>imento <span class="blank _b"> </span>da <span class="blank _b"> </span>própria <span class="blank _b"> </span>planta<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y47 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">hospedeira. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y48 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="blank _5"> </span>disponibilidade <span class="blank _5"> </span>desse <span class="blank _5"> </span>elemento <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>plantas <span class="blank _5"> </span>aumenta <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>elevação <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>pH <span class="blank _5"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y49 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">solo. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Em <span class="blank _1"> </span>solos <span class="blank _1"> </span>ácidos, <span class="blank _1"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>esmo <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>ele <span class="blank _1"> </span>esteja <span class="blank _1"> </span>presente, <span class="blank _1"> </span>sua <span class="blank _1"> </span>disponibi<span class="blank _1"> </span>lidade para <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>processo <span class="blank _1"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fixação <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="blank _9"> </span>nas <span class="blank _9"> </span>leguminosas <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>baixa <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou <span class="blank _5"> </span>nula, <span class="blank _9"> </span>aumentando <span class="blank _9"> </span>com <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>elevaçã<span class="blank _0"></span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>pH </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">pela calagem. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">5.2 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Boro:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Depois <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>molibdênio, <span class="blank _9"> </span>talvez <span class="blank _9"> </span>seja <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>importante <span class="blank _2"> </span>micronutriente <span class="blank _9"> </span>para <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>nu<span class="blank _1"> </span>trição </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">das <span class="blank _1"> </span>leguminos<span class="blank _1"> </span>as. <span class="blank _1"> </span>É <span class="blank _4"> </span>essencial <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _4"> </span>raízes <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>pontos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y50 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">plantas <span class="blank"> </span>(no <span class="blank _7"> </span>processo <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>multiplicação <span class="blank _7"> </span>celular). <span class="blank"> </span>Também <span class="blank"> </span>influi <span class="blank _7"> </span>no <span class="blank"> </span>tama<span class="blank _0"></span>nho <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>número <span class="blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y51 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nódulos <span class="blank _d"> </span>nas <span class="blank _6"> </span>leguminosas. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Quando <span class="blank _d"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>quantidades <span class="blank _d"> </span>disponíveis <span class="blank _6"> </span>elevadas <span class="blank _d"> </span>no <span class="blank _6"> </span>so<span class="blank _1"> </span>lo, <span class="blank _6"> </span>pode, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y52 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">entretanto, ser tóxico às plantas. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y54 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">5.3 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Zinco:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">É <span class="blank _4"> </span>essencial <span class="blank _1"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>formação <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>compostos <span class="blank _4"> </span>promotores <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>reguladores <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _1"> </span>das<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y56 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">plantas. Por isso, tem influência marcante no crescimento dos nódulos das leguminosas. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y57 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y58 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">5.4 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Cobre:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y59 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Tem <span class="blank _5"> </span>função <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>catalizador <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>processo <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>síntese <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>hemoblobina <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _5"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ódulos <span class="blank _5"> </span>(leg-</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">hemoglobina), <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>qual <span class="blank _3"> </span>é <span class="blank _2"> </span>essencial <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>fixação<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>nitrogênio. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Tem <span class="blank _3"> </span>também <span class="blank _2"> </span>influência <span class="blank _2"> </span>no<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">crescimento das raízes das plantas. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">5.5 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Ferro:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y5e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">É <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _9"> </span>componente <span class="blank _9"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>leg-hemoglobina <span class="blank _9"> </span>dos <span class="blank _5"> </span>nódulos <span class="blank _9"> </span>(que <span class="blank _9"> </span>lhes <span class="blank _5"> </span>dá <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>coloração <span class="blank _9"> </span>rosada, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">tão <span class="blank _9"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>intensa <span class="blank _9"> </span>quanto <span class="blank _5"> </span>maior <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>atividade). <span class="blank _9"> </span>Se <span class="blank _9"> </span>há <span class="blank _9"> </span>deficiência <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>ferro, <span class="blank _9"> </span>não <span class="blank _9"> </span>há <span class="blank _9"> </span>formação <span class="blank _9"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y60 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">leg-hemoglobina nos nódulos e a fixação de nitrogênio não ocorre, apesar de haver nodulação. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y61 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Em <span class="blank _2"> </span>quantidades <span class="blank _2"> </span>elevadas <span class="blank _2"> </span>na <span class="blank _9"> </span>forma <span class="blank _2"> </span>disponível<span class="blank _1"> </span>, <span class="blank _9"> </span>entretanto, <span class="blank _2"> </span>pode <span class="blank _2"> </span>prejudicar <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>nodulação <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y62 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">fixação de nitrogênio. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y63 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y32 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">5.6 <span class="ff2 ws1">\u2013</span> Manganês:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y33 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Tem <span class="blank _a"> </span>função <span class="blank _a"> </span>catalizadora <span class="blank _a"> </span>na <span class="blank _a"> </span>formação <span class="blank _a"> </span>da <span class="blank _a"> </span>clorofila, <span class="blank _6"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>é <span class="blank _a"> </span>responsável <span class="blank _6"> </span>síntese <span class="blank _a"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">carboidratos <span class="blank"> </span>no <span class="blank"> </span>processo <span class="blank"> </span>fotossintético. <span class="blank"> </span>Esses <span class="blank _7"> </span>carboidratos <span class="blank"> </span>são <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>fonte <span class="blank _7"> </span>energética <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y35 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">formação dos nódulos, manutenção dos rizóbios e fixação de nitrogênio. Da mesma for<span class="blank _0"></span>ma que </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">o boro <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>o ferro, <span class="blank _1"> </span>o manganês <span class="blank _1"> </span>é essencial <span class="blank _1"> </span>às <span class="blank _1"> </span>plantas e <span class="blank _1"> </span>às bactérias <span class="blank _1"> </span>fixadoras de <span class="blank _1"> </span>nitrogênio, m<span class="blank _1"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y37 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">altas <span class="blank _9"> </span>concentrações <span class="blank _5"> </span>solú<span class="blank _1"> </span>veis <span class="blank _9"> </span>(solos <span class="blank _9"> </span>ácidos) <span class="blank _9"> </span>pode <span class="blank _9"> </span>ser <span class="blank _5"> </span>tóxi<span class="blank _1"> </span>ca<span class="blank _0"></span>s <span class="blank _9"> </span>às <span class="blank _9"> </span>legumin<span class="blank _1"> </span>osas, <span class="blank _9"> </span>principalmente </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y38 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">para as bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio nos nódulos. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y39 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Boro, <span class="blank _1"> </span>zinco, <span class="blank _1"> </span>cobre, <span class="blank _1"> </span>ferro <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>manganês <span class="blank _4"> </span>ficam <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>maior <span class="blank _1"> </span>disponibilidade <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>solos <span class="blank _4"> </span>ácidos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">e, <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>pH <span class="blank _4"> </span>do<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>solo <span class="blank _4"> </span>for <span class="blank _5"> </span>muito <span class="blank _5"> </span>baixo, <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>disponibilidade <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>alguns <span class="blank _4"> </span>deles, <span class="blank _5"> </span>como <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>boro, <span class="blank _5"> </span>ferro <span class="blank _4"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">principalmente, <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>manganês, <span class="blank _8"> </span>pode <span class="blank _8"> </span>chegar <span class="blank _8"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>níveis <span class="blank _8"> </span>prejudiciais <span class="blank _8"> </span>ao <span class="blank _8"> </span>processo <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>fixação <span class="blank _8"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nitrogênio <span class="blank _9"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _2"> </span>nódulos <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>ao <span class="blank _2"> </span>próprio <span class="blank _2"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>planta. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Entretanto, <span class="blank _2"> </span>calagens <span class="blank _9"> </span>elevadas<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">podem diminuir suas disponibilidades a ponto de limitar a fixaçã<span class="blank _0"></span>o de nitrogênio<span class="blank _1"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y40 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y41 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Doses e épocas de aplicação de micronutriente em pastagens consorciadas: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y43 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">No plantio: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 ya0 ff7 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">\uf0b0<span class="ff5 ls15 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Se <span class="blank _1"> </span>pH do <span class="blank _1"> </span>solo <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff4">\u2265 <span class="blank _1"> </span>6,0 <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff8 ls10">\u2192</span></span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>aplicar, misturado <span class="blank _1"> </span>à <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubação fosf<span class="blank _1"> </span>atada<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de pl<span class="blank _1"> </span>antio 200g <span class="blank _1"> </span>de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 ya1 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">molibdato de sódio <span class="blank _1"> </span>(ou amônio); 10kg de sulfato <span class="blank _1"> </span>de zinco; 6 kg de <span class="blank _1"> </span>sulfato de cobre </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 ya2 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">e 5 kg de bórax por hectare. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 ya3 ff7 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">\uf0b0<span class="ff5 ls15 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Se <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _8"> </span>pH <span class="blank _8"> </span>do <span class="blank _3"> </span>solo <span class="blank _8"> </span>< <span class="blank _8"> </span>6,0 <span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ff8 ls10">\u2192</span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>aplicar, <span class="blank _3"> </span>tamb<span class="blank _1"> </span>ém <span class="blank _3"> </span>misturado <span class="blank _8"> </span>à <span class="blank _3"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _8"> </span>fosfatada <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 ya4 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">plantio, <span class="blank _4"> </span>300g <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>molibdato <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>sódio <span class="blank _4"> </span>(amônio); <span class="blank _4"> </span>6 <span class="blank _5"> </span>kg <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>sulfato <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>zinco <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>4 <span class="blank _4"> </span>kg <span class="blank _4"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 ya5 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">sulfato de cobre por hectare. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya6 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya7 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Na manutenção: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 ya8 ff7 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">\uf0b0<span class="ff5 ls15 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Em <span class="blank _1"> </span>pastos <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>não <span class="blank _1"> </span>receberam <span class="blank _1"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _1"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>micronutriente <span class="blank _1"> </span>no <span class="blank _1"> </span>plantio, <span class="blank _4"> </span>empregar, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 ya9 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">misturado <span class="blank _1"> </span>à adubação <span class="blank _1"> </span>fosfatada <span class="blank _1"> </span>de manutenção <span class="blank _1"> </span>(em <span class="blank _1"> </span>cobertura), <span class="blank _1"> </span>300g <span class="blank _1"> </span>de m<span class="blank _1"> </span>olibdato<span class="blank _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yaa ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de <span class="blank _2"> </span>sódio <span class="blank _3"> </span>(ou <span class="blank _2"> </span>amônio); <span class="blank _2"> </span>1<span class="blank _1"> </span>0 <span class="blank _2"> </span>kg <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>sulfato <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>zinco; <span class="blank _3"> </span>6 <span class="blank _2"> </span>kg <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>sulfato <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>cobre <span class="blank _3"> </span>por </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yab ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">hectare. <span class="blank _4"> </span>No <span class="blank _5"> </span>caso <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>pastos <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>soja<span class="blank _1"> </span>-perene, <span class="blank _4"> </span>alfafa <span class="blank _5"> </span>ou <span class="blank _4"> </span>leucena, <span class="blank _5"> </span>juntar <span class="blank _4"> </span>tamb<span class="blank _1"> </span>ém <span class="blank _4"> </span>5 <span class="blank _4"> </span>kg<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yac ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de bórax/ha. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 yad ff7 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">\uf0b0<span class="ff5 ls15 ws2"> <span class="ff3 ls1">Em <span class="blank"> </span>pa<span class="blank _0"></span>stos <span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank _0"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>re<span class="blank _0"></span>ceberam <span class="blank _7"> </span>adubação <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>micronutriente <span class="blank"> </span>no <span class="blank _8"> </span>plan<span class="blank _1"> </span>tio, <span class="blank _7"> </span>reduzir <span class="blank _7"> </span>as </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yae ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">doses de manutenção rec<span class="blank _1"> </span>omendada<span class="blank _0"></span>s para 200g <span class="blank _1"> </span>de molibdato de <span class="blank _1"> </span>sódio (ou amônio); </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yaf ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">5 <span class="blank _9"> </span>kg <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>sulfato <span class="blank _5"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>zinco<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>4 <span class="blank _9"> </span>kg <span class="blank _9"> </span>sulfato <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>cobre <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>hectare. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Se <span class="blank _9"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>leguminosas </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yb0 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">forem soja-perene, leucena ou alfafa, juntar também 3 kg de bórax/ha. </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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