AULA_09_-_ESA_2024

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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ESA 
2024 
AULA 09 
Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Sumário 
1. INTRODUÇÃO 3 
2. IDIOMS 4 
3. PHRASAL VERBS 13 
 15 
4.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 36 
4.1 GABARITO 79 
5. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 80 
6.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 146 
7.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 146 
8.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 147 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
1. Introdução 
 Chegamos, então, à última aula de nosso curso! 
 Você acaba de iniciar o estudo da aula mais avançada de nosso curso. Assim, é importante 
que você entenda o quanto já evoluiu até chegar a esse momento. Já passamos por técnicas de 
leitura, verbos, substantivos, adjetivos e diversas outras classes gramaticais. Já falamos sobre 
estruturas específicas da língua, como genitive case, voz passiva e causatives. 
 Você, neste momento, já é um candidato muito melhor preparado em relação ao momento 
em que começamos nossa jornada. Por isso, gostaria de dar os parabéns a você por ter chegado até 
aqui. Isso demonstra seu compromisso, empenho, dedicação e foco no objetivo de ser aprovado.
 Dito isso, iniciaremos, hoje, nossa aula de Idioms e Phrasal Verbs. Esses dois assuntos são 
avançados e muito relevntes para quem quer entender todas as nuances que os textos encontrados 
nas provas podem oferecer e que os examinadores esperam que você não entenda. 
Vamos começar pelos Idioms. Let`s go, guys!!! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
2. Idioms 
 Eu gosto sempre de dizer que aprender uma língua é muito mais do aprender um conjunto 
de palavras. Esse é um dos motivos pelos quais, quando se estuda Inglês, é tão importante 
abandonar a vontade que se tem de traduzir tudo o que lê. Até porque eu já ofereci técnicas que 
ajudam você a entender o “todo” sem precisar traduzir de fato. 
 É correto afirmar que, uma expressão idiomática aparece quando uma frase assume 
significado diferente daquele que as palavras teriam, se fossem analisadas isoladamente. 
 As expressões idiomáticas são uma parte importante da comunicação formal ou informal, 
escrita ou falada, e, o motivo que leva um falante ou um escritor, um autor de um texto a usar uma 
expressão idiomática é o desejo de acrescentar, na interpretação daquela frase, algo que a 
linguagem convencional não poderia suprir. 
 Também chamadas de provérbios, as expressões idiomáticas surgem com frequência e, 
muitas vezes, é divertido comparamos as expressões de língua inglesa àquelas em nosso idioma. 
Aprender a utilizar expressões idiomáticas é importante e, no seu caso, mais importante ainda é 
aprendê-las e identificá-las nos textos da prova, pois você estará garantindo acertar certas questões, 
que poucas pessoas acertariam quando envolve termos dessa natureza. 
 Uma expressão idiomática tem por função enriquecer a frase, ela pode reforçar ideias, pode 
enfatizar um sentimento de alguém e pode, ainda, diminuir, amenizar o impacto que algum termo 
possa causar, seja com humor ou com ironia. As expressões idiomáticas expressam ideias de 
diferentes maneiras dentro de cada contexto. Vale afirmar que, pelo sentido exclusivo que possuem, 
não há, para as expressões idiomáticas, um significado concreto, como a maioria dos vocábulos que 
há em nosso vocabulário. 
 Para que as expressões sejam estudadas com eficácia, é necessário considerar o contexto em 
que são produzidas, já que sempre estão associadas a situações que se relacionam à valores 
culturais, conforme já expliquei. Vamos estudá-las agora? Come on! 
 
 Alguns desses IDIOMS, são expressões idiomáticas que usam, em sua estrutura, palavras 
similares às que usamos em nossas expressões em Português. Bom, na maioria das vezes, as 
expressões são compostas por palavras diferentes e, quando tentamos traduzir, fica totalmente sem 
sentido. Por exemplo, desejar boa sorte a alguém, antes de uma apresentação, além de “Good luck”, 
podemos também dizer “break a leg”, a expressão idiomática que tem esse sentido. Se você traduzir, 
significa “quebrar uma perna”, mas, é muito usado com essa intenção de salientar que você deseja 
boa sorte. 
 Entre as expressões que assemelham à nossa língua, estão alguns exemplos: 
 
• Better late than never – Antes tarde do que nunca 
 A expressão “Antes tarde do que nunca”, usa as palavras “tarde” e “nunca”, o que facilita 
para você se lembrar. A palavra “antes”, em Inglês, que é “before”, não é usada no início da frase 
mas, a tradução de “Better late than never” - “Melhor tarde do que nunca” proporciona a dedução 
equivalente: “Antes tarde do que nunca”. 
 
 
• Once and for all – De uma vez por todas 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 A expressão “De uma vez por todas”, usa o termo “por todas”, (for all), o que também facilita 
para você fazer a conecção. “Once” é uma vez, mas, ligando as ideias, “Uma vez por todas” nos leva 
a compreender que se trata “De uma vez por todos(as)”. 
 
 
• A word to the wise is enough – Para bom entendedor, meia palavra basta 
 A expressão “Para um bom entendedor, meia palavra basta”, o idiom é quase igual escrito 
em outra ordem: “A word to the wise is enough” – “Uma palavra para um sábio é suficiente”. 
Expressão boa para se lembrar, caso apareça em sua prova. 
 
 
• We are even – Estamos quites 
 Para compreender bem a expressão “Estamos quites”, é preciso saber como se fala “par ou 
ímpar” em Inglês – “Even or odd”. Assim, a expressão é formada pela palavra “par” do par ou ímpar, 
como se fosse “Estamos pares”. Interessante, não é? 
 
 
• Maybe some other time – Fica para a próxima 
 A expressão “Fica para a próxima”, em Inglês, não usa as mesmas palavras, mas usa termos 
que equivalem ao mesmo sentido: “Maybe some other time” significa Talvez alguma outra hora” e 
por isso também é uma expressão mais simples de ser interpretada. 
 
 
 
 Vimos expressões idiomáticas em Inglês formadas por palavras similares às palavras em 
Português e por isso, de possível dedução de qual ideia, qual sentido estão exercendo. Agora, 
veremos expressões idiomáticas que podem até possuir uma ou outra palavra equivalente à 
expressão em Português, mas, na maioria das vezes, são palavras diferentes. 
 Vejamos exemplos e comentários para facilitar seus estudos. 
 
 
• Between a rock and a hard place – Entre a cruz e a espada 
 A expressão “Entre a cruz e a espada”, usa a preposição “between”, (entre duas coisas), já 
que entre muitos, seria a preposição “among”. Apesar disso, em Português, temos as palavras cruz 
e espada. Em Inglês, a expressão se compões com as palavras rocha (rock) e um lugar duro, como 
uma parede (hard place). Diferente, não é? 
 
 
• Get up on the wrong side of the bed – Acordar com o pé esquerdo 
 A expressão “Acordar com o pé esquerdo” tem o verbo “acordar/levantar”, (get up), mas não 
é com o pé esquerdo e sim “do lado errado da cama (wrong side of the bed), querendo dizer que a 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
pessoa dormiu do lado em que não está acostumada e pode ter acordado de mau humor por isso. 
Daí, se equivale a acordar com o pé esquerdo. 
 
 
• Every Jack to his trade – Cada macaco no seu galho 
 A expressão “Cada macaco no seu galho”, em Inglês, “Every Jack to his trade”, significa “Cada 
Jack em seu comércio”, ou seja, cada pessoa em sua função, cada um encaixado naquilo que sabe 
fazer. Interessante saber que em Português usa-se o macaco e em Inglês o nome de uma pessoa: 
Jack. 
 
 
 
• Short temper – Pavio curto 
 Na expressão “Pavio curto”, há outras palavras para representar o que seria um pavio curto, 
alguém que explode fácil, se enfurece rapidamente: um temperamento curto – short temper. 
Também poderia ser traduzido como pouca disposição, já que a palavra “temper” pode ser 
temperamento, disposição, humor. 
 
 
• It’sjust water under the bridge – Isso são águas passadas 
 Para dizer “Isso são águas passadas”, para expressar algo que ficou no passado, que não vale 
a pena falar sobre, que é melhor ser esquecido, em Inglês, se diz são “apenas águas embaixo da 
ponte”: just water under the bridge”, significando algo que foi levado pela correnteza, que deveria 
ter sido deixado para trás. 
 
 
• Nothing ventured, nothing gained – Quem não arrisca, não petisca 
 A expressão “Quem não arrisca não petisca”, em Inglês, significa nada arriscado, nada ganho 
– “Nothing ventured, nothing gained”. E assim, apesar de estranha a tradução, representa que, se 
não for arriscado, não se obtém o que se deseja. 
 
 
• It’s time to face the music – É hora de encarar os fatos 
 Na expressão “É hora de encarar os fatos”, usa-se a palavra música no lugar dos fatos, que 
seria “facts” e assim, fica: é hora de encarar a música. 
 
 
• Burn the midnight oil – Varar a noite 
 A expressão “varar a noite” ou, algumas pessoas dizem “virar a noite” ou então “passar a 
noite em claro, demonstrando que alguém não dormiu, seja para trabalhar ou fazer qualquer 
atividade realizada durante toda a noite, é queimar o óleo da meia-noite: “burn the midnight oil” 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
– porque antigamente, usava-se lamparinas, reservatórios com um líquido combustível, no qual se 
mergulhava um pavio que traspassava uma rodela de madeira para acender e gerar luz. 
 
 
 Agora, veremos outras expressões que são, realmente, totalmente diferentes na tradução, 
nas palavras usadas, de difícil dedução, mas, caso esteja em sua prova, você estudou e aprimorou 
seu vocabulário. Armazene as informações, ok? Attention!!! 
 
 Essas expressões idiomáticas que veremos agora são muito interessantes. São, as que mais 
representam uma determinada cultura local, costumes e vocabulário utilizado por falantes da língua 
inglesa em cada país em que vivem. Vejamos exemplos dessas expressões e, em seguida, vamos 
visualizar expressões idiomáticas em textos de provas anteriores para praticar, enriquecer 
vocabulário e saber como identificar tais termos. 
 
 
• When hell freezes over – No dia de são nunca 
 A expressão “No dia de São Nunca”, ou seja, um dia que não vai acontecer, algo que não vai 
acontecer, em Inglês, é quando o inferno congelar – “when hell freezes over”. Acredita-se que o 
inferno seja um lugar quente e com bastante fogo e por isso, seria difícil congelar onde há fogo, 
assim como fazer algo no dia de São Nunca, que não existe. 
 
 
• Piece of cake – Mamão com açúcar 
 A expressão “mamão com açúcar”, em Inglês, é um “pedaço de bolo” – piece of cake, 
representando algo muito fácil de fazer, uma tarefa muito fácil de realizar. 
 
 
• Bite your tongue / Perish the thought – Vira essa boca para lá 
 Para a expressão “Vire essa boca pra lá”, em Inglês, há duas frases: morda sua língua - “bite 
your tongue” e suma com esse pensamento/desapareça com essa ideia, algo assim: “perish your 
thought”. 
 
 
• It’s a catch 22 – Beco sem saída 
 A expressão “Beco sem saída” - It's a catch 22, teve origem 
baseada no famoso livro “Catch-22” (1961), de Joseph Heller, em 
que escreveu sobre a Segunda Guerra, relatando que os pilotos 
enfrentavam um dilema: Alegar insanidade ou não para recusar as 
missões de bombardeio, de acordo com o regulamento 22: 
 “THERE IS A CATCH: "An airman would have to be crazy to fly more missions, and if he was 
crazy he would be unfit to fly. Yet, if an airman would refuse to fly more missions, this would indicate 
that he is sane, which would mean that he would be fit to fly the missions" 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 Eis o impasse: Um piloto considerado louco, insano, estava inapto para voar nas missões de 
bombardeio, mas, se recusasse as missões com sanidade, teria que, obrigatoriamente, realizá-las. 
 
 
• Cry over the spilled milk – Chprar o leite derramado 
 A expressão “Chorar o leite derramado”, usa a palavra “leite”, (milk), mas diz chorar (verbo 
cry) o leite derramado (spiled), como se a pessoa ficasse tão triste que desperdiçou, que chorou. Viu 
como essas diferenças culturais são interessantes? 
 
 
• Once in a blue moon – Uma vez na vida, outra na morte 
 A expressão “Uma vez na vida, outra na morte”, para representar que algo é feito raramente 
ou quase nunca, em Inglês, é uma das mais diferentes de todas: “Once in a blue moon”, que 
traduzida, seria “uma vez na lua azul”. Isso porque, o efeito “lua azul” é raro de se observar e só 
ocorre uma vez a cada dois anos e meio. O termo é usado para descrever um acontecimento 
incomum. 
 
 
• Every other day – Dia sim, dia não 
 A expressão “Dia sim, dia não” também é expressa de forma bem diferente, já que “Every 
other day” significa “cada outro dia” literalmente. Isso porque, em Inglês, para dizer, por exemplo, 
de 15 em 15 dias, se diz “every 15 days” – então o “every” é utilizado nessas expressões de tempo. 
Got it? 
 
 
 
 Veremos agora várias expressões idiomáticas que já apareceram em textos de provas de anos 
anteriores, destacadas e comentadas para aprimorar seus estudos. E, além de expressões 
idiomáticas propriamente ditas, mostrarei também termos que, se tornaram, de certa forma, tipos 
de expressões, derivações de verbos e outras classificações gramaticais que não são gírias, e sim 
adaptações da língua que formam locuções frasais. 
Na prova do ITA, em 2012, por exemplo, apareceu a expressão idiomática “walking in 
another’s shoes”, cuja tradução literal é “andar no sapato do outro” e equivale à expressão “colocar-
se no lugar do outro” em Português, idiom que já esteve presente em outras provas, observe: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
O texto está falando sobre bullying e, na linha em que há a expressão idiomática, 
“...compassion and lacks the walking in another’s shoes component...”, diz que uma das coisas que 
estão faltando é o componente “colocar-se no lugar do outro”. 
Em uma questão do IME, em 2008, na questão 23, apareceu o termo “messes up”, que, é um 
verbo para expressar desorganização, anarquia, confusão. Além de ser um phrasal verb com 
WALK IN ANOTHER’S SHOES 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
significado bagunçar ou estragar, pode ser usado como expressão para a situação do personagem 
estar sempre no meio de problemas, em conflito. Observe: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A resposta seria letra “A”, porque, na última linha do trecho acima retirado do texto, ele 
afirma que conta piadas como forma de viver: “he tells jokes as a living”. 
 
 
Agora, veremos o índice da revista Time, explorado em muitas provas, com a expressão 
“make a comeback”, que, ao invés de ser “fazer um retorno”, é “dar a volta por cima”. A expressão 
diz: “Charles Dickens is making a comeback – as a fictional character”, demonstra que, o artigo da 
página 52 será sobre o personagem dando a volta por cima, veja: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MESS UP 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sobre o próximo texto, da fonte The Guardian, bastante usada em provas, foi usada a 
expressão “by accident”, na linha 19 e não tem relação nenhuma com acidente e significa “por 
acaso”. Inclusive, muito usada em textos, de forma geral. 
No parágrafo em que está inserida, diz “The shift has not happened by accident” – A transição 
não aconteceu por acaso e em seguida, dará a explicação do motivo pelo qual não pode se dizer que 
foi por acaso: que alguém perguntou algo e investiu etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MAKE A COMEBACK 
 
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BY ACCIDENT 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
3. Phrasal Verbs 
 
3.1. Conceitos 
Os phrasal verbs são também conhecidoscomo verbos frasais (tradução para o português) 
ou ainda como verbos preposicionados. É importante lembrar desta última forma, já que ela define 
o que são os phrasal verbs. Eles nada mais são do que um verbo acompanhado de uma preposição. 
Esta preposição tem a função de alterar a unidade semântica original do verbo, ou seja, alterar seu 
significado original. Há também, embora em menor quantidade, phrasal verbs compostos por um 
verbo acrescido de um advérbio. Há ainda verbos acompanhados por ambos (verbo + advérbio + 
preposição). 
Nesse momento você pode estar pensando: “Tudo bem. Entendi essa definição bonita. Mas 
o que é um phrasal verb na prática?” 
Fique tranquilo, meu querido aluno. É nesse momento que o professor te ajuda a entender 
esse negócio na prática. Nada melhor que exemplificar para esclarecer de uma vez por todas o 
assunto! 
O verbo to carry significa carregar algo. 
Exemplo: 
 
She will carry her purse all day long. 
(Ela carregará sua bolsa o dia todo.) 
 
Quando acrescemos a preposição out ao verbo to carry, geramos um novo verbo com uma 
diferente unidade de sentido. Temos então o verbo to carry out que significar fazer/executar uma 
tarefa. 
Exemplo: 
 
He carried out the air conditioning maintenance. 
(Ele fez/executou a manutenção do ar condicionado.) 
 
Ao analisar o exemplo, pode-se perceber que o phrasal verb se comporta como um verbo 
comum, sendo utilizado no infinitivo, gerúndio e particípio, além de flexionado nos tempos verbais 
existentes na língua inglesa. Essa adequação às formas nominais e aos tempos verbais se dá ao 
conjugar o verbo normalmente mantendo a preposição original. 
Exemplos: 
 
Verbo to carry out. 
• Infinitivo - to carry out 
• Gerúndio – carrying out 
• Particípio – carried out 
• Simple Past – carried out 
• Future – will carry out 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
3.2. Transitivos ou Intransitivos 
 
Os phrasal verbs podem ser classificados com transitivos ou intransitivos. Como você deve se 
lembrar das aulas de língua portuguesa, a transitividade do verbo indica a necessidade de se 
complementar ou não o sentido do verbo. Determinados verbos não exigem complementação, pois 
seu significado é bastante para o entendimento da ideia contida na frase. Já outros verbos 
necessitam de complementação, ou seja, de um objeto para que a mensagem faça sentido. A grande 
maioria dos phrasal verbs são transitivos. 
 
 
 
Portanto, já vai aqui uma dica! Se, em algum momento, você se deparar com um phrasal 
verb e não souber se ele é transitivo ou intransitivo, parta do princípio de que ele precisa de 
complemento. Para exemplificar temos o phrasal verb Deal With, que é usado para dizer que é 
preciso lidar com alguma coisa ou situação. Este verbo precisa de complementação como podemos 
observar na frase: “you have to deal with this problem”. Veja que this problem funciona como 
complemento do verbo no exemplo. Já um verbo intransitivo que podemos citar é Grow Up, que se 
utiliza no contexto de se tornar mais velho, mais maduro ou adulto. Na frase: “My son is growing 
up really fast!”, pode-se observar que o verbo não exige complemento, sendo portanto intransitivo. 
 
Mas há também aqueles verbos que podem ser transitivos ou intransitivos dependendo do 
contexto em que estão inseridos. Um excelente exemplo de phrasal verb transitivo e intransitivo é 
Wake Up, que como vocês já devem saber, trata-se do verbo acordar. Ele será intransitivo na frase: 
“I just woke up”, porque não exige complemento para dar sentido à frase. Entretanto, ao analisar a 
frase: “I wake up my son”, observamos que Wake Up é transitivo, pois exige complemento. Nesse 
caso o complemento é my son, que funciona como objeto direto na frase. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Will é um verbo auxiliar utilizado para designar o tempo futuro do verbo principal. Portanto, 
sempre que houver a palavra will antes de um verbo, sabe-se que este verbo está conjugado no futuro. 
O sufixo ED é utilizado para designar a conjugação do verbo no passado simples (simple past). Este 
sufixo é utilizado nos verbos regulares. Verbos irregulares terão terminação diferente para designar o 
simple past. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
3.3. Separáveis e Inseparáveis 
Os phrasal verbs podem também ser divididos em separáveis ou inseparáveis. Essa 
classificação indica quais verbos serão sempre usados com suas partículas juntas e quais podem 
receber uma palavra estranha à sua estrutura entre uma partícula e outra. Como exemplo de 
phrasal verb separável temos Wake Up, que pode ser usado da mesma forma do exemplo acima 
onde escrevemos: “ I Wake up my son”, mas também pode ser escrito como: “ I Wake my son up”. 
É possível observar que, no segundo caso, o objeto direto my son foi escrito no meio da estrutura 
do verbo, separando suas duas partículas. 
No exemplo citado, pode-se utilizar o verbo tanto na forma junta como na forma separada. 
Mas nem sempre funciona assim. Temos também verbos que são, obrigatoriamente, separados. 
Podemos citar o verbo keep around como exemplo de verbo obrigatoriamente separado. Na frase: 
“ I don’t like to keep my cell phone around when I’m studying”, pode-se notar que cell phone foi 
colocado no meio da estrutura do verbo, não sendo possível utilizar este verbo na seguinte forma: 
“ I don’t like to keep around my cell phone when I’m studying”. 
No caso dos phrasal verbs inseparáveis, podemos citar como exemplo Deal With, que não 
aceita nenhuma palavra ou estrutura estranha à sua forma original. A frase: “ You have to deal with 
your angry wife”, demonstra a forma correta de se utilizar este verbo. Nunca se poderá colocar uma 
palavra ou estrutura entre deal e with. 
Mais adiante, colocarei uma lista com alguns phrasal verbs separáveis e inseparáveis para que 
você possa enriquecer seu vocabulário e arrebentar na prova quando esses verbos aparecerem na 
sua frente! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
É importante que você saiba da existência dessas modalidades de uso, pois é muito 
comum que os vestibulandos deixem de identificar um phrasal verb só pelo fato de haver 
uma palavra entre uma partícula e outra do verbo. 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
3.3.1. Tabela de verbos 
Phrasal Verb Separável Inseparável 
Blow up ü 
Break down ü 
Break in ü 
Break out ü 
Bring up ü 
Bump into ü 
Call off ü 
Calm down ü 
Care for ü 
Carry on ü 
Carry out ü 
Catch up ü 
Check in ü 
Check out ü 
Chicken out ü 
Chop up ü 
Come out ü 
Come up with ü 
Cool off ü 
Count on ü 
Cover up ü 
Deal with ü 
Do over ü 
Do with ü 
Drop in ü 
Drop off ü 
Drop out ü 
Dry up ü 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Eat up ü 
End up ü 
Fall apart ü 
Feel up to ü 
Fill up ü 
Find out ü 
Follow up ü 
Get along ü 
Get away ü 
Get back ü 
Get back to ü 
Get in ü 
Get out of ü 
Get over ü 
Get to ü 
Give up ü 
Go over ü 
Grow up ü 
Hang around ü 
Hold on ü 
Hurry up ü 
Keep away ü 
Keep from ü 
Keep on ü 
Leave off ü 
Let down ü 
Let in ü 
Lock out ü 
Look for ü 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Look forward to ü 
Look out ü 
Look up to ü 
Make up ü 
Mess up ü 
Move in ü 
Move out ü 
Narrow down ü 
Pay off ü 
Pick out ü 
Pick up ü 
Piss off ü 
Plan ahead ü 
Plug in/into ü 
Point out ü 
Point to ü 
Pull off ü 
Pull over ü 
Put away ü 
Put off ü 
Put together ü 
Put up with ü 
Ring up ü 
Rip off ü 
Run around ü 
Run out ü 
Screw up ü 
See about ü 
Sell out ü 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
Set up ü 
Show off ü 
Shut off ü 
Sign in ü 
Sign out ü 
Slow down ü 
Stand for ü 
Stay up ü 
Stick around ü 
Stop over ü 
Stress out ü 
Talk to ü 
Throw away ü 
Throw up ü 
Track down ü 
Try on ü 
Turn aroundü 
Turn down ü 
Turn into ü 
Turn off ü 
Turn on ü 
Turn up ü 
Turn down ü 
Wake up ü 
Watch out ü 
Work on ü 
Work out ü 
Work up ü 
Zip up ü 
 
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3.4. Similaridade entre Phrasal Verbs 
Há uma variedade imensa de phrasal verbs muito parecidos uns com os outros. Isso se dá 
pelo fato de alguns verbos serem capazes de originar vários phrasal verbs mudando apenas a 
segunda partícula da estrutura do verbo. Por outro lado, vale salientar que os verbos podem ser 
muito parecidos em sua escrita ou estrutura e, ainda assim, ter significados inteiramente diferentes 
uns dos outros. 
Um bom exemplo dessa semelhança é o verbo to look, que gera diversos phrasal verbs como: 
look up to, look for, look after, look forward to, look into, look out, look around, look at... Veja que 
eles são parecidos entre si pelo fato de que todos começam com o verbo principal look, mas esse 
detalhe não faz com que eles tenham significados parecidos. Cada um desses verbos possui um 
significado diferente. 
Vou abordar cada um deles para que você possa observar o uso e significado de cada um. 
 
§ Look up to – I look up to my mother – Eu admiro minha mãe 
§ Look for - I’m looking for my pen – Eu estou procurando minha caneta 
§ Look after – My mom looks after my son – Minha mãe toma conta do meu filho 
§ Look forward to – I look forward to being a university student – Eu almejo ser um estudante 
universitário 
§ Look into – I will look into the idea of being a doctor – Vou pesquisar/investigar mais sobre 
a ideia de ser médico 
§ Look out – Look out for the cars – Fique atento aos carros 
§ Look around – I looked around after hearing a noise – Eu olhei envolta depois de escutar um 
barulho 
§ Look at – Look at this car! It’s beautiful! – Olha esse carro! Ele é lindo! 
 
Ao analisar esses verbos, você deve estar até confuso. Mas tenha calma, pois com o tempo você 
se acostuma a lê-los e entendê-los. 
Há centenas de phrasal verbs na língua inglesa. Nesse momento eu tenho duas notícias para te 
dar, uma boa e outra ruim. Começando pela ruim, é necessário dizer que não existe regra ou método 
que te possibilite aprender esse tópico senão o da memorização. Mas professor, isso é decoreba!? 
Infelizmente sim, querido aluno. No entanto, temos também uma notícia boa! Esse assunto 
praticamente não é cobrado em provas de vestibular. 
Mas antes que você deixe esta aula de lado e vá soltar rojões, é importante saber que este 
tópico aparece nos textos da sua prova. Entendê-los é fundamental para interpretar os textosda 
sua prova e acertar as questões. Portanto, apesar de ser um tema muito pouco abordado nas 
provas, é muito importante que você esteja preparado para todos os cenários de prova. Afinal, você 
não vai querer arriscar sua aprovação para a universidade de seus sonhos, não é verdade? O fato 
 
 21 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
de não ser um tema recorrente nas questões de prova não impede que as universidades incluam 
este assunto em provas futuras. Então fique ligado! :) 
 
 
3.5. Formas Eficientes de aprender Phrasal Verbs 
 
Primeiramente, eu apresentarei a você a forma que eu considero ineficiente. Muitas pessoas 
tentam aprender phrasal verbs tomando como parâmetro a primeira partícula do verbo, como 
quando eu lhes apresentei os verbos similares. É uma forma muito ineficiente já que é muito fácil 
confundir os verbos ao estudar dessa forma. Um exemplo dessa forma ineficiente é estudar todos 
os phrasal verbs iniciando em look, como look after, look at, look around, look forward to, etc... É 
muito fácil confundi-los estudando desse jeito. 
Uma forma que eu considero mais eficiente é estudá-los tomando como parâmetro a 
segunda partícula do verbo. Podemos tomar como exemplo a palavra out. Dessa forma, 
estudaremos os verbos look out, work out, lock out, let out, leave out, help out, go out, give out... 
Logo, as partículas que mais chamam a sua atenção são os verbos principais e, organizando assim, 
eles serão sempre diferentes, o que facilita o processo de memorização. 
E, por fim, o método que considero mais eficiente de aprender esses verbos é o método que 
eu chamo de “deixa aparecer”. E como isso funciona, professor? É muito simples. Minha proposta é 
que você consuma conteúdo em inglês, podendo ser textos, livros, filmes, música, vídeos no 
youtube. Quando você se expõe ao conteúdo disponível em inglês, os phrasal verbs vão começar a 
aparecer naturalmente e então, sempre que você não souber o que ele significa, é só procurar o 
significado. Você pode procurar esse phrasal verb na nossa lista aqui nesse material ou 
simplesmente digite no google. Eu sugiro que você leia a lista de phrasal verbs que eu 
disponibilizarei para você mais adiante e mantenha-a com fácil acesso para pesquisar sempre que 
necessário. Seguindo este método, você aprende os phrasal verbs de forma extremamente natural 
e sem dor de cabeça. 
Para memorizar os significados dos phrasal verbs se baseia numa teoria. Essa teoria diz que 
nós memorizamos os verbos na nossa própria língua porque visualizamos em nossa mente a ação 
do verbo. Então quando se pensa no verbo pular, sua mente imagina alguém pulando/saltando. Uma 
das maiores dificuldades de se decorar os phrasal verbs está no fato de que é mais difícil visualizar 
uma ação quando se tem mais de uma palavra. Inconscientemente você tenta decifrar o sentido de 
cada palavra separadamente. E isso é extremamente contraproducente para a memorização. 
Portanto, tente visualizar em sua mente o que o phrasal verb quer dizer como uma ação única ao 
invés de analisar as palavras de sua estrutura separadamente. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
3.6 Lista de Phrasal Verbs 
Ø Blow up - Explode – Explodir alguma coisa 
Ex.: The bomb blew up the entire building! - A bomba explodiu o prédio inteiro! 
 
Ø Break down – not to work properly – Quebrar/parar de funcionar de maneira adequada 
Ex.: My car broke down as I was driving on the highway – Meu carro quebrou enquanto eu dirigia 
na rodovia. 
 
Ø Break in – To enter a place illegally – Invadir determinado lugar 
Ex.: A man broke in my neighbor’s house last night – Um homem invadiu a casa do meu vizinho 
noite passada. 
 
Ø Break out – To escape from a place or situation – Escapar de um lugar ou situação 
Ex.: The prisoner broke out from the prison. – O prisioneiro escapou da prisão. 
 
Ø Bring up – To mention a certain subject during a conversation – Mencionar determinado tópico 
durante uma conversa. 
Ex.: Since you brought it up, I will tell you the whole story – Já que você mencionou isso, eu vou 
te contar toda a história. 
 
Ø Bump into – To accidentally meet/hit someone – Esbarrar ou encontrar com alguém 
acidentalmente. 
Ex.: I bumped into a woman on the sidewalk – Eu esbarrei numa mulher na calçada 
I bumped into a old friend as i was walking down the street – Encontrei um velho amigo por acaso 
enquanto andava pela rua. 
 
Ø Call off – To cancel – Cancelar ou desmarcar algum evento. 
Ex.: John had to call off the workshop due to the bad weather – John teve que cancelar o 
workshop por causa do mau tempo. 
 
Ø Calm down – To become less agitated/nervous/anxious – Acalmar-se. 
 
 23 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Ex.: You need to calm down! – Você precisa se acalmar! 
Ø Care for – When someone/something is important to you - Importar-se/cuidar. 
Ex.: I care for my friends – Eu me importo com meus amigos. 
I care for my children – Eu cuido dos meus filhos 
 
Ø Carry on – To persist despite the obstacles – Persistir apesar dos obstáculos. 
Ex.: Although he was tired, he carried on with the work – Apesar de estar cansado, ele continuou 
com o trabalho. 
 
Ø Carry out – To accomplish a task – Fazer/executar uma tarefa. 
Ex.: I carried out all my tasks today – Eu fiz todas as minhas tarefas hoje. 
 
Ø Catch up – To reach someone/something aheadof you – Alcançar alguém ou algo. 
Ex.: I need to walk faster. If I don’t catch up with the boys, i will miss my ride to work – Eu preciso 
andar mais rápido. Se eu não alcançar os garotos, perderei minha carona. 
 
Ø Check in – To register when arriving somewhere – Registrar sua chegada a algum lugar. 
Ex.: Did you check in when you got to the hotel? – Você se registrou ao chegar no hotel? 
 
Ø Check out – To register when you are leaving somewhere – Registrar a sua saída de algum 
lugar. 
Ex.: What time do I have to check out? – Que horas eu preciso registrar minha saída 
 
Ø Chicken out – Not to do something because of fear – Deixar de fazer algo por medo. 
Ex.: Peter wanted to ride on the roller coaster, but he chickened out – Peter queria andar na 
montanha russa, mas refugou. 
 
Ø Chop up – To cut in small pieces with a knife – Cortar em pedaços pequenos com faca. 
Ex.: Is the onion chopped up yet? – A cebola já está picada? 
 
Ø Come out – To appear – Aparecer 
 
 24 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Ex.: The sun hasn’t come out yet – O sol ainda não saiu. 
 
 
Ø Come up with – When you have a idea – Quando se tem uma ideia ou plano. 
Ex.: He came up with a brilliant idea to solve our problem – Ele teve uma brilhante ideia para 
resolver nosso problema. 
 
Ø Cool off – To calm down – Acalmar-se. 
Ex.: If she doesn’t cool off, she will end up having a heart attack – Se ela não se acalmar, vai acabar 
infartando. 
 
Ø Count on – To rely on someone – Confiar/Contar com alguém. 
Ex.: You can count on me – Você pode contar comigo. 
 
Ø Cover up – To hide/conceal – Ocultar/esconder algo. 
Ex.: It’s getting cold. Take a blanket to cover up your legs – Está esfriando. Pegue um cobertor 
para cobrir suas pernas. 
 
Ø Deal with – To handle a situation – Lidar com uma situação. 
Ex.: You have to deal with this situation – Você tem que lidar com essa situação. 
 
Ø Do over – To do again – Fazer algo novamente. 
Ex.: You have to do your job over until it’s perfect – Você precisa refazer seu trabalho até que 
fique perfeito. 
 
Ø Do with – To establish connection – Estabelecer conexão 
Ex.: English and portuguese both have to do with linguistics – Inglês e português têm a ver com 
linguística. 
 
Ø Drop in – To visit someone unexpectedly – fazer uma visita inesperada 
Ex.: She dropped in on my house yesterday – Ela passou lá em casa ontem. 
 
 25 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
Ø Drop off – to disembark from a vehicle – Desembarcar de um veículo 
Ex.: She dropped me off at the airport – Ela me deixou no aeroporto. 
 
Ø Drop out – To quit school/university/course – Abandonar os estudos na 
escola/universidade/curso 
Ex.: He dropped out of university – Ele abandonou os estudos na universidade. 
 
Ø Dry up – To evaporate/dry all the liquid – Evaporar/secar todo o líquido 
Ex.: After the rain, the sun came out and dried up the streets – Depois da chuva, o sol saiu e secou 
as ruas. 
 
Ø Eat up – To eat all the food available – Comer toda a comida disponível 
Ex.: Did the boy eat up the dinner? – O garoto comeu todo o jantar? 
 
Ø End up – The final result of something – O resultado final de algo 
Ex.: If you keep eating like this, you will end up having a heart attack – Se você continuar comendo 
desse jeito, vai acabar tendo um infarto. 
 
Ø Fall apart – To break/destroy – Quebrar/destruir 
Ex.: This house is falling apart – Esta casa está caindo aos pedaços. 
 
Ø Feel up to – Willing to do something – Estar com vontade de fazer algo 
Ex.: I’m feeling up to a movie today – Estou afim de um filme hoje. 
 
Ø Fill up – To fill something completely – Encher algo completamente 
Ex.: My gas is almost over. I need to fill up the tank – Minha gasolina está quase acabando. Preciso 
encher o tanque. 
 
Ø Find out – To become aware – Tornar-se ciente 
Ex.: I want to find out who ate my pizza – Eu quero descobrir quem comeu minha pizza. 
 
 26 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
Ø Follow up – To take further action – Tomar ação subsequente a um fato 
Ex.: After the physical examination, I have to make an appointment to follow up with my 
treatment – Depois do exame físico, eu preciso marcar uma consulta para continuar meu 
tratamento. 
 
Ø Get along – To have good relations with someone – Ter boa relação com alguém 
Ex.: I get along really well with Jack – Eu tenho ótimas relações com o Jack/ Eu me dou muito bem 
com o Jack. 
 
 
Ø Get away – To escape from a situation or something – Escapar de uma situação ou alguma 
coisa. 
Ex.: The criminals got away from the police – Os criminosos escaparam da polícia. 
 
Ø Get back – To return somewhere – Retornar a algum lugar 
Ex.: I was on a work trip, but I got back home yesterday – Eu estava numa viagem a trabalho, mas 
voltei a casa ontem. 
 
Ø Get back to – To return to an activity/place – Retornar a um lugar/atividade 
Ex.: The coffee break is over. Let’s get back to work, guys! – O pausa do café acabou. Vamos voltar 
ao trabalho, pessoal! 
 
Ø Get in – To arrive/enter somewhere – Chegar/entrar em algum lugar 
Ex.: She has just gotten in the supermarket – Ela acabou de entrar no supermercado. 
 
Ø Get out of – To leave some place – Sair de algum lugar 
Ex.: Get out of my car!/ Get me out of here! – Saia do meu carro!/ Tire-me daqui! 
 
Ø Get over – To emotionally surpass na event – superar emocionalmente um evento 
Ex.: You need to get over your mother’s death – Você precisa superar a morte da sua mãe. 
 
 27 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
Ø Get to – To arrive to a place – Chegar a algum lugar 
Ex.: I need to get to Rio de Janeiro as soon as possible – Eu preciso chegar ao Rio de Janeiro o 
mais rápido possível. 
 
Ø Give up – To stop doing something before finishing it – Desistir de fazer algo antes de finalizar 
Ex.: I will never give up trying to convince you to study – Eu nunca desistirei de te convencer a 
estudar. 
 
Ø Go over – To review/explain – Revisar/explicar algo 
Ex.: I will go over each topic to make sure you will understand – Eu vou explicar/destrinchar cada 
tópico para garantir que vocês aprenderão. 
 
 
Ø Grow up – Process to become more mature/adult – Crescer, no sentido de amadurecer ou 
tornar-se adulto 
Ex.: When will you grow up? You are 25 already! – Quando você vai crescer? Você já tem 25 anos! 
 
Ø Hang around – To spend time somewhere – Passar tempo em algum lugar 
Ex.: I like to hang around with my friends at the mall – Eu gosto de passar tempo com meus amigos 
no shopping. 
 
Ø Hold on – Wait for a short amount of time – Esperar por um período curto de tempo 
Ex.: Hold on a minute, please – Espere um minuto, por favor. 
 
Ø Hurry up – To do something quickly – Fazer algo rapidamente/apressar-se 
Ex.: I need to hurry up and finish this class until monday – Eu preciso me apressar para finalizar 
esta aula até segunda-feira. 
 
Ø Keep away – Not to get close to something – Manter distância de algo 
Ex.: Keep away from my sister! – Não se aproxime da minha irmã! 
 
 28 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
Ø Keep from – To avoid doing something – Evitar fazer algo 
Ex.: Keep yourself from street fights – Evite entrar em brigas de rua. 
 
Ø Keep on – To continue doing something – Continuar fazendo alguma coisa. 
Ex.: Keep on doing your homework – Continue fazendo seu trabalho de casa. 
 
Ø Leave off – Not include someone on a list – Não incluir alguém numa lista 
Ex.: I left Jose off my birthday party list – Eu deixei José fora da lista da minha festa de aniversário. 
 
Ø Let down – To disappoint someone – Desapontar alguém 
Ex.: You let me down when you don’t do the dishes – Você me desaponta quando não lava a 
louça. 
 
Ø Let in – To allow someone to enter a place – Permitir que alguém entre em algum lugar 
Ex.: I’m waiting for a pizza, so let the deliveryman in, please – Eu estou esperando uma pizza, 
então deixe o entregador entrar.Ø Lock out – Not to have the keys to get in a place – Não ter a chave para entrar em um local 
Ex.: I’m locked out of my own house because I forgot the keys at work – Eu estou trancado fora 
de casa porque esqueci minhas chaves no trabalho. 
 
Ø Look for – Search for something – Procurar alguma coisa 
Ex.: Did you see my wallet? I’m looking for it – Você viu minha carteira? Eu estou procurando por 
ela. 
 
Ø Look forward to – To anticipate something in a good way – Estar ansioso para que algo 
aconteça 
Ex.: I look forward to becoming a UNICAMP student – Eu estou ansioso para me tornar um 
estudante da UNICAMP. 
 
 
 29 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Ø Look out – To be alert about something – Estar alerta devido a alguma coisa 
Ex.: Look out for the cars! – Preste atenção nos carros! 
 
Ø Look up to – To say you respect/admire someone – Admirar/Respeitar alguém 
Ex.: I look up to my Grandfather – Eu admiro meu avô. 
 
Ø Make up – To invent a story – Inventar uma história 
Ex.: He made up the story about being sick not to work – Ele inventou a história de estar doente 
para não trabalhar. 
 
Ø Mess up – To desorganize – Desorganizar/Bagunçar 
Ex.: My son messed up the entire house – Meu filho bagunçou a casa toda. 
 
Ø Move in – To bring your belongings to a new place – Levar a mudança para uma nova casa 
(casa para onde se vai) 
Ex.: How long have you been in this house? I just moved in – Há quanto tempo você mora nessa 
casa? Eu acabei de me mudar. 
 
Ø Move out – To take your belongings out of a place – Tirar sua mudança da casa antiga (num 
processo de mudança de casa) 
Ex.: I will move out next week – Eu me mudo/desocupo a casa semana que vem. 
 
Ø Narrow down – To reduce the amount of possibilities – Reduzir o número de possibilidades 
Ex.: You need to narrow down this search. There are too many options to choose from – Você 
precisa afunilar esta busca. Há opções demais para escolher. 
 
Ø Pay off – To pay money that is owed – Pagar dinheiro que se deve 
Ex.: I paid off my credit card bill – Eu paguei minha conta de cartão de crédito. 
 
Ø Pick out – To choose – Escolher 
 
 30 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Ex.: There were a lot of cell phones in the store. I picked out the cheapest one – Havia muitos 
celulares na loja. Eu escolhi o mais barato. 
 
Ø Pick up – To take someone from one place to another – Levar alguém a algum lugar 
Ex.: Can you pick me up at school today? – Você pode me pegar na escola hoje? 
 
Ø Piss off – To get angry – Ficar bravo com algo 
Ex.: People who drive like crazy really piss me off – Pessoas que dirigem como loucos me irritam 
profundamente. 
 
Ø Plan ahead – To prepare to a future event – Planejar-se com antecedência 
Ex.: Plan ahead for the holliday. The highways are going to be busy – Planeje-se para o feriado. As 
estradas estarão cheias. 
 
Ø Plug in/into – To connect na electrical device – Conectar um aparelho elétrico na tomada/saída 
de energia 
Ex.: My computer is out of battery. I need to plug it in – Meu computador está sem bateria. Eu 
preciso conectá-lo na tomada. 
 
Ø Point out – To make someone aware of something – Tornar alguém ciente de algo 
Ex.: She pointed out the reasons of global warming – Ela apontou as razões do aquecimento 
global. 
 
Ø Point to – To aim with the finger – Apontar com o dedo 
Ex.: He pointed to the car he wants to buy – Ele apontou para o carro que ele quer comprar. 
 
Ø Pull off – To succeed doing something – Ser bem-sucedido ao fazer alguma coisa 
Ex.: He pulled off the physics test really well – Ele se saiu super bem no teste de física. 
 
Ø Pull over – To stop a vehicle on the side of the road – Parar o veículo no canto da 
rua/acostamento 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Ex.: The policeman pulled me over because I was driving too fast – O policial mandou que eu 
parasse o veículo porque eu estava acima da velocidade. 
 
Ø Put away – To organize in the correct place – Organizar/colocar algo no lugar correto 
Ex.: Put these clothes away. We are going to have a visitor – Arrume essas roupas. Nós vamos 
receber visita. 
 
Ø Put off – To postpone – Adiar 
Ex.: She put off the trip because she has to work – Ela adiou a viagem porque precisa trabalhar. 
 
Ø Put together – To assemble – Montar algo 
Ex.: I have to put the wardrobe together because we need to put our clothes away – Eu tenho 
que montar o armário porque nós precisamos arrumar nossas roupas. 
 
Ø Put up with – To tolerate – Tolerar/suportar 
Ex.: I put up with my boss. I need this job – Eu tolero meu chefe. Eu preciso desse trabalho. 
 
Ø Ring up – to call someone (phone) – Ligar para alguém 
Ex.: Ring me up later – Ligue-me mais tarde. 
 
Ø Rip off – When the price is too high – Quando algo é muito caro 
Ex.: I don’t know why some companies rip people off – Eu não sei porque algumas empresas 
cobram tão caro. 
 
Ø Run around – To move in a hurry – Deslocar-se com pressa 
Ex.: I’ve been running around for one hour looking for the address – Eu estive correndo de um 
lado para outro por uma hora procurando o endereço. 
 
Ø Run out – When there is nothing left of something – Quando algo acaba 
Ex.: We will run out of gas if we don’t find a gas station – Nós vamos ficar sem gasolina se não 
encontrarmos um posto de combustível. 
 
 32 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
Ø Screw up – To make a mistake – Errar/estragar algo 
Ex.: The teacher screwed up the class. It was too boring – O professor estragou a aula. Era muito 
chata. 
 
Ø See about – To think about doing something – Pensar sobre fazer algo 
Ex.: I will see about the summer trip – Eu vou pensar sobre a viagem de verão. 
 
Ø Sell out – To sell all the inventory of one product – Vender todo o estoque de um produto 
específico 
Ex.: The tickets for the concert are sold out – Os ingressos para o show estão esgotados. 
 
Ø Set up – To organize a plan – Planejar/organizar alguma coisa 
Ex.: The company will set up a challenge for the employees – A empresa vai organizar um desafio 
para os funcionários. 
 
Ø Show off – To show skills/possessions to impress someone – Gabar-se de algo 
Ex.: He wanted to humiliate his opponent to show off his skills – Ele quis humilhar o adversário 
para se gabar de suas habilidades. 
 
Ø Shut off – To stop the operation of a device – Desligar um aparelho 
Ex.: Shut the air conditioner off. It´s cold in here – Desligue o ar condicionado. Está frio aqui 
dentro. 
 
Ø Sign in – To write your name to get in something – Escrever seu nome para entrar em algo 
Ex.: You need to sign in when you get to the office – Você precisa assinar dizendo que chegou ao 
escritório. 
 
Ø Sign out – To write your name when you get out of something – Escrever seu nome para sair 
de algo 
 
 33 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Ex.: You need to sign out before leaving the office – Você precisa assinar dizendo que saiu do 
escritório. 
 
Ø Slow down – To make something slower – Fazer algo mais devagar 
Ex.: Slow down! You are driving above the speed limit – Reduza! Você está dirigindo acima do 
limite de velocidade. 
 
Ø Stand for – To support an idea – Apoiar algo 
Ex.: I stand for the human rights – Eu apoio os direitos humanos. 
 
Ø Stay up – To remain awake – Permanecer acordado 
Ex.: I stayed up all night yesterday – Eu fiquei acordado a noite toda ontem. 
 
Ø Stick around – To stay in a place for some time – Permanecer em algum lugar por um tempo 
Ex.: Dave said good bye but he is still sticking around – Dave se despediu mas ainda está aqui. 
 
Ø Stop over – To visit for a short amount of time – Fazer uma visita curta 
Ex.: Jennifer stopped over my house yesterday – Jennifer passou rapidamente lá em casa ontem. 
 
Ø Stress out – To worry – Estressar-se 
Ex.: He was stressed out because of his debts – Ele estava estressado por causa de suas dívidas. 
 
Ø Talk to – To have a conversation – Conversarcom alguém 
Ex.: She talked to me for long hours – Ela conversou comigo por longas horas. 
 
Ø Throw away – To dispose – Jogar algo fora/desfazer-se de algo 
Ex.: I don’t like this t-shirt anymore. I’m going to throw it away – Eu não gosto mais desta camiseta. 
Vou jogá-la fora. 
 
Ø Throw up – To vomit – Vomitar 
Ex.: He threw up all his dinner inside my car – Ele vomitou todo o jantar no meu carro. 
 
 34 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
Ø Track down – To locate something you have been searching for – Localizar algo pelo que se 
estava procurando 
Ex.: The police dog tracked down the criminal – O cão policial rastreou o criminoso. 
 
Ø Try on – To see if something fits well – Experimentar (roupas, calçados...) 
Ex.: Try on these pants before you buy it – Experimente essa calça antes de comprá-la. 
 
Ø Turn around – To change a bad situation – Melhorar uma situação ruim 
Ex.: We have no money, but we can turn things around – Nós não temos dinheiro, mas podemos 
virar essa situação. 
 
Ø Turn down – To deny a request/proposal – Recusar uma proposta/pedido 
Ex.: I turned down the job offer. The salary was too low – Eu recusei a oferta de emprego. O 
salário era muito baixo. 
 
Ø Turn into – To transform – Transformar-se em algo 
Ex.: The tadpole turned into a frog – O girino transformou-se num sapo. 
 
Ø Turn off – To make something stop functioning – Desligar 
Ex.: Can you turn off the light, please? – Você pode desligar a luz, por favor? 
 
Ø Turn on – To make something start functioning – Ligar 
Ex.: Did you turn on the tv? – Você ligou a televisão? 
 
Ø Turn up – To increase some device’s control – Aumentar algum controle de algum aparelho 
Ex.: Why did you turn up the volume? It’s too loud! – Por que você aumentou o volume? Está 
muito alto! 
 
Ø Turn down – To decrease some device’s control – Diminuir algum controle de algum aparelho 
 
 35 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Ex.: Turn the volume down, please. I want to talk on the phone – Diminua o volume, por favor. 
Eu quero falar ao telefone. 
 
Ø Wake up – When you finish sleeping – Acordar 
Ex.: I woke up late today – Eu acordei tarde hoje. 
 
Ø Watch out – To be attentive – Ficar atento 
Ex.: Watch out! The light turned green for the cars – Cuidado! O semáforo ficou verde para os 
carros. 
 
Ø Work on – To direct your attention to a task – Trabalhar em algo 
Ex.: I’ve been working on this project for two years – Eu estou trabalhando nesse projeto há dois 
anos. 
 
 
Ø Work out – To exercise – Fazer exercícios 
Ex.: I started working out at the gym this week – Eu comecei a me exercitar na academia esta 
semana. 
 
Ø Work up – To work to improve something – Trabalhar para melhorar algo 
Ex.: I’m working up towards being fluent in english – Estou trabalhando para alcançar a fluência 
no inglês. 
 
Ø Zip up – To close something that has a zíper – Fechar um fecho ecler 
Ex.: I zipped up my pants after finding out it has been opened for hours – Eu fechei o fecho ecler 
da minha calça depois de descobrir que estava aberto há horas. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
4.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
In “I’m looking forward to”, the underlined words, in the text, is closest in meaning to, to be 
_________. 
a. unpleasant 
b. unhappy 
c. hopeless 
d. excited 
 
 
 
 37 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
“Trick or treat”, in bold type, in the text, means 
Observe o trecho do texto que explica a tradição do “Trick or treat”: This gave origin to the “trick 
or treat” tradition: groups of children dressed like witches and ghosts visit many houses to ask for 
sweets. If they do not get their treats, they play a trick. = Isso deu origem ao “trick or treat”: 
grupos de crianças vestidas como bruxas e fantasmas visitam muitas casas para pedir doces. Se 
elas não conseguem os doces (treats), elas fazem uma travessura (trick). 
a. a celebration of someone’s birthday. 
b. an event in which is someone’s wedding. 
c. a day when people thank for the end of the harvest. 
d. an activity in which children knock on door of houses to ask for candies. 
 
 
 
They arrived at the court in plenty of time and went straight to the robing room. It was crowded 
with solicitors and counsil. 
Adapted from Reading for Meaning 
 
3 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) The words, “in plenty of time”, in bold type in the 
paragraph, is closest in meaning to __________. 
a) late 
b) on time 
c) over time 
 
 38 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
d) in good time 
 
 
 
 
Halloween 
One fall day, as you walk down the street, you might see ghosts, strange animals, and other weird 
things. What’s going on? It’s probably October 31, or Halloween. Halloween is a day when people 
go out wearing costumes and colorful makeup. 
People think that Halloween started in Ireland during the 400s. October 31 was the end of 
summer, and people believe that everyone who died during the year come back on that day. To 
scare away the dead, people put on costumes and went out into the streets to make noise. 
Different cultures have different ways of celebrating Halloween. In the United States, it’s the night 
when children dress up in costumes and go to neighbors’ houses to “trick or treat”, or ask for 
candy. Some adults wear funny or scary costumes and go to parties or parades. Halloween has 
become a fun holiday for both adults and children. 
Adapted from Interchange. 
 
4 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) All the underlined words from the text are phrasal 
verbs, except: 
a) end of 
b) dress up 
c) went out 
d) scare away 
 
 
 
Reasons why the Airbus A380 failed 
On 14 February 2019, Airbus announced their A380s have been cancelled, with production ending 
in 2021. After 12 years of shaky business and development, its closure didn’t come as a surprise. 
The dream is over for the world’ largest passenger airliner. Why was the king of the airliners forced 
to land so quikly? Here’s what happened: 
• poor business planing finds itself at the heart of the A380’s downfall. Most of all A380’ eggs 
were put in a basket called Emirates, Airbus biggest buyer. 
• bigger isn’t always better. With a wingspan of almost 80 meters was difficult to guide the 
giant four-turbine around airports. 
• airbus failed to antecipate how consumer’s tastes in air travel would change over the years. 
Passengers nowadays prefer smaller airports, using direct routes to their destinations. 
• although a seating capacity of 800 may seem impressive at first, it is not easy to fill them up, 
even when you give discounts and make promotions. 
Airbus A380’ closure perhaps teaches us all a lesson or two. Dream big, but keep your feet on the 
ground. 
Adapted from https://www.slashgerar.com. 
 
5 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) In “... Dream big, but keep your feet on the ground.”, 
the expression is closest in meaning to: _______________________. 
 
 39 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
a) Be careful about your dreams 
b) It’s possible to dream without consequences 
c) Don’t do anything without be sure that it will work 
d) Try to achieve your wishes being realistic and sensible 
 
 
 
6 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) In”...Most of all the A380’s eggs were put in a basket 
called Emirates(...)”, we can infer that Airbus ______________. 
a) is the Emirates’ best customer 
b) have no other alternative left if Emirates fails 
c) made investments on the open market for many years 
d) put most of their efforts into Emirates, but have another plans to get sucess 
 
 
 
7. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
 
 40 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
The phrasal verb “turning away from” (line 1) is closest in meaning to: _____________ 
a) looking after 
b) abandoning 
c) putting up with 
d) requesting 
 
 41 
AULA 09 –Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
8. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
 
 42 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
In “Will also has got one standout star” (lines 17 and 18), the text means that Will has a / an 
____________ the group. 
a) person who feels left behind in 
b) foreign celebrity in 
c) exceptionally good person in 
d) a person who doesn’t belong to 
 
 
 
 
Airports ‘vunerable’ to attack 
The 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack was a terrorist ramming attack which occurred on 
Saturday 30 June 2007, when a dark green Jeep Cherokee loaded with propane canisters was 
driven into the glass doors of the Glasgow International Airport terminal and set ablaze. It was the 
first terrorist attack to take place in Scotland. Security bollards outside the entrance stopped the 
car from entering the terminal, although the doors were damaged. 
Security consultant Chris Yates said many of the changes put in place at Glasgow had been copied 
at other UK airports. But he said that although some “weak points” in airport had been addressed, 
others remained. 
Since the attack, cars no longer drop off passengers outside the main terminal building, which was 
fitted with bomb-proof glass. 
Fonte:BBC News 
GLOSSARY 
(car) ramming attack – ataque no qual um veículo choca-se contra um local 
propane canister – container de metal contendo gás propano 
bollard – poste usado para manter um veículo fora de uma área em particular 
 
 
 
9. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 In ‘(…) a Jeep Cherokee was driven into the glass doors and set ablaze’, (lines 3 - 5), it means that 
the vehicle hit into the glass doors and _________________, except: 
a) burnt 
b) blew up 
c) caught fire 
d) burst into flames 
 
 
 
Why I stopped mispronouncing my Igbo name 
In Nigeria, the language spoken by one of the largest ethnic groups, the Igbo, is in danger of dying 
out – which is odd because the population is growing. In the past this didn’t worry Nkem Ifejika, 
who is himself Igbo but never learned the language. 
 
 43 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
When he is in Nigeria, he says his parents are Igbo. He might throw in that he partly grew up in the 
United Kingdom. In Britain, He says he’s Nigerian, though he often adds explainers about having 
been educated at British schools and lived outside Nigeria since he was 12 years old. 
Nkem Ifejika can speak English, French among others. However, he can’t speak the language of his 
ancestors. Igbo is a tonal language, so the words with the wrong stresses and tones either change 
their meaning, or worse, become unintelligible. In Igboland, as it’s informally known, names have 
meaning and history. Nkemakonam means “may I not lack what is mine”, while Ifejika means 
“what I have is greater”. By mispronouncing his names, he was throwing away generation of 
history, and disregarding his parents’ careful choice. 
His indefatigable and proudly wife, who is also Igbo, helped him out when they met. Now he 
knows how to pronounce his name properly, with the correct tones and with pride. 
Fonte: BBC NewsWorld Service 
 
 
10. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 In ‘(...) the Igbo is in danger of dying out (...)’, (paragraph 1), it means that the language is in 
danger of ______________. 
a) being minority 
b) being less spoken 
c) becoming unclear 
d) going into extinction 
 
 
 
Finding a taste of Japan in São Paulo’s Liberdade neighborhood 
Home of the largest Japanese community outside of Japan, São Paulo’s Liberdade neighborhood is 
a city within a city, with many specialty shops for Japanese food and home products. 
Since most of the products are imported directly from Japan, and many do not contain a 
Portuguese ingredient version, shop owners and employees are always at hand for a quick 
translation. 
Fonte: The Rio Times/Brazil News 
 
 
11. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The words “at hand”, underlined in the text, mean _____. 
a) busy 
b) distant 
c) worried 
d) available 
 
 
 
 
 
LINKIN PARK – LEAVE OUT ALL THE REST 
 
 44 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
I dreamed I was missing 
You were so scared 
But no one would listen 
Cause no one else cared 
After my dreaming 
I woke with this fear 
What am I leaving 
When I'm done here? 
So, if you're asking me, I want you to know 
When my time comes 
Forget the wrong that I've done 
Help me leave behind some reasons to be missed 
And don't resent me 
And when you're feeling empty 
Keep me in your memory 
Leave out all the rest 
Leave out all the rest 
Adapted from https://www.lyricfind.com/ 
 
 
12. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
The word leave out, underlined in the text, means 
a. remember. 
b. put up with. 
c. dream of. 
d. put aside. 
 
 
 
Kenosha shooting: National Guard deployed after black man shot 
The governor of the US state of Wisconsin has deployed the National Guard to maintain "public 
safety" after police shot a black man on Sunday. 
Jacob Blake is reportedly in a stable condition after officers shot him multiple times as he tried to 
get into a car in the city of Kenosha. Protests erupted in the city soon after, and authorities 
imposed an emergency overnight curfew. Governor Tony Evers has now called up the National 
Guard to aid local police. 
In a press release, Governor Evers said the "limited mobilisation" - made at the request of local 
officials - was to help law enforcement "protect critical infrastructure" and make sure people can 
demonstrate safely. 
"Every person should be able to express their anger and frustration by exercising their First 
Amendment rights and report on these calls to action without any fear of being unsafe," he said. A 
curfew will also come into effect at 20:00 local time (01:00 GMT) until 07:00 on Tuesday. 
The governor also called a special session of the state legislature on 31 August to discuss a package 
of laws announced earlier this year on accountability and transparency of the police. 
 
 45 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Mr Evers announced the legislation in the wake of the police killing of George Floyd in the 
neighbouring state of Minnesota. His death in May highlighted police brutality and racism in the 
US and sparked protests around the world. 
What's the latest from Kenosha? 
Hundreds of people marched on police headquarters on Sunday night to demonstrate against the 
shooting. Vehicles were set on fire and protesters shouted "we won't back down" as officers used 
tear gas to try to disperse the crowds. Organisers have called for further demonstrations in the 
Wisconsin city on Monday. 
Clyde McLemore, a member of a nearby chapter of the Black Lives Matter movement, issued a call 
on Facebook for a march through the city starting at midday. 
Reports suggest up to 200 members of the National Guard will be deployed on Monday. 
Lawmakers "have failed to act" in the two months since he announced the "commonsense 
policies", the governor tweeted. "I am urging the Legislature to rise to this occasion and give this 
special session the urgent and productive effort this moment demands and that the people of 
Wisconsin deserve," he wrote. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53897641. 
 
 
13. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
In “Mr Evers announced the legislation in the wake of the police killing of George Floyd” 
(paragraph 5), the underlined expression can be replaced by 
a. before 
b. in order to 
c. after 
d. awake 
 
 
 
Arrest Dog 
A police department has temporarily stopped the use of arrest dogs after a shocking bodycam 
footage came to light. 
The video shows US police officers ordering a dog to attack an unresisting black man. The suspect 
was already handcuffed when the dog latched onto his leg for 20 seconds. In the video, a police 
officer can be heard repeatedly praising the animal, saying ´good boy´. 
The police department said that the officer had been placed on administrative leave. According to 
the suspect, the injury was avoidable; however,he also said that he suffered permanent nerve and 
tendon damage with infections that could lead to amputation. 
The incident happened almost one month before George Floyd´s death. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com 
 
 
 
14. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 “...came to light.”, underlined in the text is closest in meaning to _______ . Except: 
a) was disclosed 
b) was lighted up 
 
 46 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
c) was revealed 
d) got public 
 
 
 
 
This Is Me - Keala Settle 
 
I am not a stranger to the dark 
Hide away, they say 
'Cause we don't want your broken parts 
I've learned to be ashamed of all my scars 
Run away, they say 
No one'll love you as you are 
But I won't let them break me down to dust 
I know that there's a place for us 
For we are glorious 
When the sharpest words wanna cut me down 
I'm gonna send a flood, gonna drown 'em out 
I am brave, I am bruised 
I am who I'm meant to be, this is me 
Look out 'cause here I come 
And I'm marching on to the beat I drum 
I'm not scared to be seen 
I make no apologies, this is me 
(Adapted from 
https://www.google.com/search?q=letra+da+musica+this+is+me&rlz=1C1SQJL_pt-
BRBR910BR910&oq=letra+da+musica+this+is+me+&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l3j46j0l3.4731j0j15&s
ourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8) 
 
 
 
15. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The underlined expression “break me down to 
dust”, in the text, means that the person 
 
 
a. Was mentally destroyed, in an irreversible way 
b. Was literally broken to dust 
c. Wasn’t affected at all 
d. Was physically affected 
 
Covid vaccine studies call for more black and Asian volunteers in UK 
 More people from black and Asian backgrounds, as well as over-65s, are being urged to volunteer 
to help ensure potential coronavirus vaccines work for everyone. 
 
 47 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 Researchers say 270,000 people across the UK have signed up for vaccine studies but thousands 
more are needed, in particular from groups more vulnerable to Covid. 
 Just 7% of those who have signed up to NHS registers so far are from minority ethnic groups – 
half the proportion in the overall population. Of those who have signed up, 11,000 are Asian and 
1,200 are black. More people aged over the age of 65 or with chronic diseases are also needed. 
 Kate Bingham, the chair of the government’s vaccine taskforce, said: “Researchers need data 
from different communities and different people to improve understanding of the vaccines. The 
only way to pull this off is through large clinical trials. 
 “We want to ensure the data we get actually represents the different people from different 
backgrounds in the UK. This includes people who are over 65, frontline healthcare workers, or 
have existing health conditions, and we need people from the communities which have 
been disproportionately affected by the pandemic, from black, Asian and other minority ethnic 
backgrounds.” 
 Depending on their particular ethnicity, people from BAME communities have a risk of death 
from coronavirus between 10% and 100% higher than that of white Britons, according to Public 
Health England. Those of Bangladeshi heritage are at greatest risk, and the Office for National 
Statistics has calculated that black people in England and Wales are 1.9 times more likely to die of 
Covid than their white counterparts, after other factors are taken into account. 
 Researchers in the UK are currently looking at six different potential Covid-19 vaccines, each of 
which urgently requires thousands of diverse volunteers to help speed up development. 
 The equalities minister, Kemi Badenoch, said she was volunteering for vaccine trials being 
conducted by the US biotechnology company Novavax at Guy’s and St Thomas’ hospital trust in 
London, and she urged others to sign up to the NHS vaccine registry, the database created to help 
populate clinical studies. 
 “We have to ensure every community trusts a future vaccine to be safe and that it works across 
the entire population,” said Badenoch. “Together we can be part of the national effort to end this 
pandemic for good.” 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53997900) 
 
 
 
16. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words HAVE SIGNED UP and PULL this OFF 
in the text are 
 
 
a. Irregular verbs 
b. Modal verbs 
c. Are not verbs 
d. Phrasal verbs 
 
 
 
 
17. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best response 
 
 
 
 48 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
a. People who are over the age of 65 are not relevant for the research 
b. People with existing health conditions are not taken into consideration in the research 
c. Some communities have been disproportionately affected by Covid-19 
d. Black people are almost two times more likely to get Covid-19 than white people 
 
 
 
 
ESPN to Lay Off 300 Employees 
 ESPN will lay off 300 employees, about 6 percent of its worldwide staff, and let 200 open 
positions go unfilled, Jimmy Pitaro, the network’s chairman, told employees in a memo on 
Thursday. 
 “Prior to the pandemic, we had been deeply engaged in strategizing how best to position ESPN 
for future success amidst tremendous disruption in how fans consume sports,” Pitaro ____ in a 
memo that was obtained by The New York Times. “The pandemic’s significant impact on our 
business clearly accelerated those forward-looking discussions.” 
 The cuts will affect most divisions across the company, but are concentrated in broadcast 
production. 
 Like many companies, ESPN’s business has been ravaged by the coronavirus pandemic. ESPN will 
pay more than $7 billion for the rights to show live sports in 2020, the lifeblood of ESPN’s nine 
cable channels. But for four months this year, from March to July, there were almost no games to 
show. Even with the resumption of most professional and college sports, ESPN has faced low 
viewership and a sluggish advertising market. 
 This is the latest in a string of layoffs for ESPN in recent years. About 300 employees were laid off 
in 2015, and about 250 were laid off in two waves in 2017, including a number of high-profile on-
air employees. 
 The layoffs come as ESPN continues to confront the long-term decline of pay television. The 
number of households paying for television peaked at 100.5 million in 2014; today that number is 
close to 80 million. While the timing and severity of the layoffs were driven by the pandemic, they 
are also a further reorientation toward a fully digital and streaming future. 
 “Placing resources in support of our direct-to-consumer business strategy, digital, and, of course, 
continued innovative television experiences, is more critical than ever,” Pitaro wrote in the memo. 
In 2018, ESPN started ESPN+, a sports streaming service that costs $5 a month. At the end of June, 
ESPN+ had 8.5 million subscribers. 
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/05/sports/espn-
layoffs.html?action=click&module=Latest&pgtype=Homepage) 
 
 
18. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative according to the 
text 
 
 
a. The number of people who will be fired from ESPN is the largest part of your total staff 
b. The pandemic is not related to mass layoff on ESPN 
 
 49 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
c. Employee cuts will not equally affect all areas of ESPN 
d. ESPN is the only company that has been deeply affected by the pandemic 
 
 
 
19. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that 
 
 
a. This massive layoff is something new for ESPN 
b. The pandemic has really affected many companies, even large ones, that have the resources 
to cope with unforeseen circumstances 
c. With the pandemic, the company's audience increased a lot 
d. The number of people accompanying ESPN has increased over the years, and has declined in 
the pandemic 
 
 
 
 
Pidgins and creoles 
Pidgin Languages 
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up amongpeople who do not share a 
common language, but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. Pidgins have 
been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’ languages. They have a limited vocabulary, 
a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of functions, compared to the 
languages which gave rise to them. They are the native language of no one, but they are nonetheless 
a main means of communication for millions of people, and a major focus of interest to those who 
study the way languages change. 
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in 
generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the reality. 
A pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk, laziness, 
corruption, primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: pidgins are 
demonstrably creative adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and rules of their own. 
Along with creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of linguistic change, as languages 
come into contact with each other, producing new varieties whose structures and uses contract and 
expand. They provide the clearest evidence of language being created and shaped by society for its 
own ends, as people adapt to new social circumstances. This emphasis on processes of change is 
reflected in the terms pidginization and creolization. 
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese – 
reflecting the history of colonialism. However, this observation may be the result only of our 
ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or South-east Asia, where 
situations of language contact are frequent. One of the best-known non-European pidgins is Chinook 
 
 50 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in north-west USA. Another is Sango, a pidginized 
variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-central Africa. 
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last for very long – sometimes for 
only a few years, and rarely for more than a century. They die when the original reason for 
communication diminishes or disappears, as communities move apart, or one community learns the 
language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop into a creole.) The pidgin French which 
was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the French left; similarly, the pidgin English which 
appeared during the American Vietnam campaign virtually disappeared as soon as the war was over. 
But there are exceptions. The pidgin known as Mediterranean Lingua Franca, or Sabir, began in the 
Middle Ages and lasted until the 20th century. 
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of communication between languages that they 
have developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may even be given official 
status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases are known as ‘expanded pidgins’, because of 
the way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users, and have come 
to be used in a much wider range of situations than previously. In time, these languages may come 
to be used on the radio, in the press, and may even develop a literature of their own. Some of the 
most widely used expanded pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian Pidgin English, and Bislama 
(in Vanuatu). In Papua New Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the most widely used language in 
the country. 
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344). 
 
20. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
It is possible to infer from the text that 
a) pidgin languages are a new tendency in our globalized world. 
b) the pidgin Tok Pisin is the native language of people in Papua New Guinea. 
c) in the future, pidgin languages will be the most spoken languages in the world. 
d) a pidgin is constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. 
e) the last pidgin language disappeared in the 20th century. 
 
 
21. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
In line paragraph 4, “They die when the original reason for communication diminishes or 
disappears, as communities move apart (...)”, the phrasal verb in bold is closest in meaning to: 
( a ) unite 
( b ) get together 
( c ) respect each other 
( d ) strengthen 
( e ) break up 
 
 51 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Which is the correct option to replace the expression “have no” in the paragraph below so that the 
meaning remains the same? 
It’s terrible when you wake up and realize you have no bread left for your breakfast. 
a) Get rid of 
b) Are short of 
c) Run out of 
d) Get away with 
e) Check up on 
 
 
 
23. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
In: "Have you bought a new TV?" 
"Yes, I’ve bought that top brand’s new model." 
Which phrasal verb can substitute the underlined word? 
(A) run into 
(B) let down 
(C) picked out 
(D) turned out 
(E) picked up 
 
 
Chapter 1 - Madras 1986 
“He knows too much. I must ask you to do nothing.” 
“But this time I caught him in the act. I have proof, witnesses, everything. There is no possible 
doubt.” 
“I said he knows too much! The company can’t afford to have any problems. Our position is very 
sensitive in this country. We can’t afford to take risks. I am telling you once again – you will do 
nothing. And if there is any trouble, I’m afraid I shall have to hold you personally responsible. So be 
sensible for once in your life.” 
 
 52 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
“I see. So you are telling me to close my eyes to corruption and behave as if nothing has happened. 
Is that right?” 
“I didn’t put it quite like that. But, if you insist, yes. What Vish does or doesn’t do is a minor matter 
compared with the company’s global strategy. Just try to get things in perspective. After all, you 
won’t be stuck in Madras for ever – I’ll make sure that you are not. So just go with the flow for a bit 
longer. When you’re in your next post this will all seem a very long way away, I can assure you. But 
meantime, no trouble. I hope I’ve made myself clear. Oh, and, by the way, I advise you to forget that 
we have had this conversation. Goodbye.” 
Dick Sterling put the phone down. His hands were trembling. He was furious with himself for failing 
to persuade his boss in Delhi, Keith Lennox, to support him, and was disgusted at the mixture of 
veiled threats and vague promises Lennox had made. 
Adapted from MALEY, Alan. He knows too much. Cambridge University Press, 1999. P.6 
 
24. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2015) 
The sentence “So just go with the flow for a bit longer.” (paragraph 5), the expression go with the 
flow means 
[A] don’t accept corruption. 
[B] don’t accept bribery. 
[C] don’t fight vague promises. 
[D] don’t accept threats. 
[E] don’t fight prevailing trends. 
 
 
 
Frequently Asked Questions – Instagram 
What is Instagram? 
It’s an application for your mobile phone that enables you to edit pictures you have taken with your 
mobile phone camera using built-in filters and share them with others. If you have an Instagram 
account you can tag pictures, rate and comment on other people’s pictures and follow other users. 
How much is your app? 
$0.00. 
Where does the name come from? 
When we were kids we loved playing around with cameras. We loved how different types of old 
cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - something we take for granted today. We also felt that 
 
 53 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
the snapshots people were taking were like telegrams in that they got sent over the wire to others 
- so we figured why not combine the two? 
How did the idea come about? 
We love taking photos. We always assumed taking interestingphotos required a big bulky camera 
and a couple years of art school. But as mobile phone cameras got better and better, we decided to 
challenge that assumption. We created Instagram to solve three simple problems: 
- Mobile photos always come out looking mediocre. Our awesome looking filters transform your 
photos into professional-looking snapshots. 
- Sharing on multiple platforms is a pain - we help you take a picture once, then share it (instantly) 
on multiple services. 
- Most uploading experiences are clumsy and take forever - we’ve optimized the experience to be 
fast and efficient. 
How does privacy work? 
We have adopted a follower model that means if you’re “public” on Instagram, anyone can subscribe 
to follow your photos. We do, however, have a special private option. In this mode, a user can make 
sure he/she must approve all follow requests before they go through. 
Who can see my photos? 
All photos are public by default which means they are visible to anyone who has an account. If you 
choose to make your account private, then only people who follow you on Instagram will be able to 
see your photos. 
Adapted from https://instagram.com/about/faq/# 
 
 
25. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2015) 
In the sentence “We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - 
something we take for granted today.” (question 3), the expression something we take for granted 
means 
[A] Something we have to give someone. [B] Something we have to do everyday. 
[C] Something we usually value a lot. [D] Something we don’t have to learn. 
[E] Something we don’t give much importance to. 
 
 
We’re so well educated – but we’re useless 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite being 
the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant when it 
comes to basic life skills. 
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. I have 
survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning, probably 
from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing 
experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern 
education. 
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from their 
natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation – a working 
knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves distinctions in history, 
law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a shelf to hold all their academic 
books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call for help from a professional 
handyman or tailor. 
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow our 
own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these things. 
Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption. 
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that isn’t 
able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the 
most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language and history, we 
should create an interactive learning environment in schools where craftsmanship and problem-
solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate information. We need to develop 
children into people that not only think for themselves, but are also able to act for themselves. 
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/ mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-
but-useless 
 
 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2015) 
In the sentence “I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern 
education.” (paragraph 2), the words missed out mean 
[A] didn’t miss. 
[B] didn’t want. 
[C] didn’t have. 
[D] didn’t like. 
[E] didn’t need. 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
27. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
The sentence “The police minister has been accused of encouraging a heavy-handed approach 
towards people” (paragraph 11) can be correctly paraphrased in the following terms: 
[A] The police minister has been accused of being courageous on a heavy-handed approach towards 
people. 
[B] The police minister was accused of encouraging a violent approach towards people. 
[C] The police minister has been accused of encouraging a harsh approach towards people. 
[D] The police minister has been accused of being violent when approaching people. 
[E] The police minister has accused people of approaching people in a heavy-handed way. 
 
 
'Deep remorse': Japanese emperor marks 75th anniversary of surrender 
Naruhito reflects on war actions at Covid-curtailed ceremony, marked elsewhere by former foes 
as Victory in the Pacific or VJ Day 
Japan has marked the 75th anniversary of its surrender in the second world war with Emperor 
Naruhito expressing “deep remorse” over his country’s wartime actions at a sombre annual 
ceremony curtailed by the coronavirus pandemic. 
Naruhito pledged to reflect on the war’s events and ___1____ hope that the tragedy would never 
be repeated. There was no word of apology from the prime minister, Shinzo Abe, who gave thanks 
for the sacrifices of the Japanese war dead. 
“Reflecting on our past and bearing in mind the feelings of deep remorse, I earnestly hope that the 
ravages of war will never be repeated,” Naruhito said in a short speech at the event in Tokyo marking 
the 75th anniversary of Japan’s surrender on 15 August 1945. 
Amid virus fears and worries about the fading memories of the fast-ageing war generation, about 
500 participants, reduced from 6,200 last year, mourned the dead with a minute of silence. Masks 
___2____ and there was no singing of the Kimigayo national anthem. 
Naruhito has promised to follow in the footsteps of his father, who devoted his 30-year career to 
making amends for a war fought in the name of Hirohito, the current emperor’s grandfather. 
Abe has increasingly sought to whitewash Japan’s brutal past since taking office in December 2012. 
He has not acknowledged Japan’s wartime hostilities during 15 August speeches, which had 
previously been a nearly 20-year tradition that ___3____ with the 1995 apology of the Socialist party 
prime minister Tomiichi Murayama. 
Abe said the peace that Japan enjoys today was built on the sacrifices of those who died in the war. 
He pledged that Japan would reflect on lessons from history and will not repeat the war devastation. 
He listed damage inflicted on Japan and its people, including the US atomic bombings of Hiroshima 
and Nagasaki, firebombings of Tokyo and the fierce battle of Okinawa. 
 
 56 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
He pledged to play a greater role in tackling global problems. Under his goal of turning Japan into a 
“beautiful” and “normal” nation, Abe has steadily pushed to cleanse Japan of its embarrassing 
wartime history and build up its military by stretching the interpretation of Japan’s war-renouncing 
constitution. It includes acquiring greater missile defence capability in the face of a growing military 
threat from North Korea and China. 
Abe stayed away from a Tokyo shrine that honours convicted war criminals among the war dead. 
He sent a ritual cash, seeking to avoid angering China and South Korea, which consider the Yasukuni 
shrine a symbol of Japan’s militarism. It honours 2.5 million war dead, mostly Japanese, but among 
them are senior military and political figures convicted of war crimes. 
 Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/15/deep-remorse-japanese-
emperor-marks-75th-anniversary-of-surrender28. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
In the sentence “Abe has increasingly sought to whitewash Japan’s brutal past since taking office in 
December 2012.” (paragraph 6), the expression sought to whitewash means 
[A] that he wants to compliment Japan’s actions during the war. 
[B] that he doesn’t like to reflect on the war’s events. 
[C] that he thinks Japan’s actions were right during the war. 
[D] that he is trying to express his gratitude to Japan’s war heroes. 
[E] that he is seeking to hide Japan’s brutal past. 
 
Iowans struggle to find help, strength after powerful storm devastates homes, farms 
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa — In the five days since a massive storm system laid waste to this city, Ethel 
Fontenette, 65, has been trying to make sure neighbors in her retirement community stay well fed. 
With many older people who use wheelchairs trapped in their apartments and food rotting in their 
fridges, she set up a grill in the parking lot as some residents work as runners, carrying food down 
to cook and then up again to feed people. 
Even though the power is back, they still need help. 
“No one starved,” Fontenette said. But “we have a long way to go.” 
Iowans have “endured the unimaginable,” Gov. Kim Reynolds (R) said Friday, as the state tries to 
recover from Monday’s derecho. The violent thunderstorm — which struck with the force of a 
Category 2 hurricane with little warning — lasted 14 hours with wind speeds that reached 140 miles 
an hour. It devastated scores of communities in the Hawkeye State, and Cedar Rapids, a city of more 
than 125,000 people, was among the hardest hit. Most homes and businesses sustained damage, 
trees and wires are down everywhere, roads are blocked, and hospitals are overrun. 
The National Guard brought some relief to the stricken area as the week ended, and Reynolds 
announced at a news conference Friday that the state will apply Monday for a federal disaster 
 
 57 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
declaration that would provide financial assistance to affected homeowners and cover repairs for 
critical infrastructure. 
Affected Iowans say they feel as if they are living on an island or as if the derecho hurled them back 
into a previous century, with no electricity, spotty cellphone coverage and a lack of clarity about 
what the future holds. 
“People didn’t know. We couldn’t communicate to the outside world,” said Zack Kucharski, 
executive editor of the Cedar Rapids Gazette, who described not being able to reach his parents, 
either physically or by phone, even as he tried to keep the newsroom running. 
Adapted form https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/iowans-struggle-to-find-help-strength-
after-powerful-storm-devastates-homes 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
In the sentence “In the five days since a massive storm system laid waste to this city...” (paragraph 
3), the expression laid waste to means 
[A] devastated. 
[B] went through. 
[C] kept away from. 
[D] almost hit. 
[E] helped. 
 
 
 
 
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back? 
 IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and a 
low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed he 
couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next morning he 
couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the house. “It sounds 
crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge stuck his head into the 
bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but he couldn’t smell a thing. 
 The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19. Quagge was 
diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not widely available at the 
time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still has not fully recovered his 
sense of smell. 
 Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients with 
COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27 times more 
likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor of the illness than 
fever. 
 
 58 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and 
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell may 
sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied up in self-
preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our ability to pick up 
on complex tastes and enjoy food. 
 “So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven 
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t fully 
participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.” 
 Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories. People 
without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment in intimacy. 
Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense, hoping those 
discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers. 
What the nose knows 
 The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way of 
decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the nose to 
the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those molecules 
bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a long tail that 
threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which registers the molecules as, 
say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce. 
 Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it stops 
working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says. “That lack 
of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the basic functions of 
the system.” 
People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the common 
cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at all or lose it 
because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also fade as 
people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or vision impairment, data 
from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25 percent of Americans over the age 
of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell, and over 13 million people have a 
measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell, or hyposmia, a partial loss. Such 
conditions can last for years or even be permanent. 
 It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a virus, 
but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few ways. First, they 
notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by the congestion or 
stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced anosmia. 
 “It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses Center 
in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.” 
 Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their sense of 
smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who experience 
anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years. 
 Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says in the 
early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was scared. An avid 
amateur chef, he hadto rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and he couldn’t smell his 
wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me out.” 
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-
patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-cvd/) 
 
 59 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
30. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
What does the expression "Bummed me out" (thirteenth paragraph) mean? 
a. makes me feel down. 
b. makes me feel happy. 
c. makes me feel angry. 
d. makes me feel nauseated. 
 
 
31. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which is the correct option to replace the verb “continue” 
in the paragraph below so that the meaning remains 
the same? 
 
It’s difficult for students to ______________ their studies with so many distractions going on at the 
same time. 
 
a) Get rid of 
b) Run out of 
c) Keep up with 
d) Get away with 
e) Check up on 
 
 
32. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which is the correct option to replace the expression “have little” in the paragraph below so that 
the meaning remains the same? 
It’s difficult for drivers when they have little gas and there is no gas station around. 
a) Get rid of 
b) Run out of 
c) Are short of 
d) Get away with 
e) Check up on 
 
 60 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
33. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which option is correct? 
a) She gave me two precious advices. 
b) Poaching is an essential activity in natural reserves. 
c) Brazil have hosted the olimpics in 2016. 
d) I am used to running 5 kilometers a day. 
e) There was a search to determine Brazil’s population in 2010. 
 
 
34. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Mark the option which corresponds to the correct sentences. 
I – The person who defends a person in court is called witness. 
II – The pregnant woman was in labor because her water broke. 
III – Mooring is an important process when the ship is sailing. 
IV – That child was birthed in July. 
V – The pregnant woman was taken to the delivery room in order to give birth. 
a) I and II 
b) II and V 
c) III and V 
d) II and IV 
e) III and IV 
 
 
35. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which option is correct to complete the sentences below? 
1. He heard her ______ the dinner. 
2. He saw her ______ the cake. 
3. I watched him ______ the guitar. 
4. In order to get thin, you need to ______ hard. 
5. He couldn’t see what _______ on in his neighborhood yesterday. 
a) make / bake / played / working out / were going 
 
 61 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
b) made / baking / play / work out / has been going 
c) making / bake / playing / working out / had been going 
d) making / baking / playing / work out / was going 
e) make / baked / play / worked out / is going 
 
 
36. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below? 
The distinctive black and white mammal is regarded as an "umbrella species". Protecting the forests 
in which it lives ______ good for many other animals and plants, including birds and small carnivores. 
Yet, large predators such as leopards, wolves and the little-known Asian wild dog, or dhole, which 
tend to range far and wide, seem to have fared badly. 
Since panda reserves ______ in the 1960s, all four species ______ from a big proportion of reserves. 
Leopards ______ from 81% of reserves, snow leopards from 38%, wolves from 77% and Asian wild 
dogs from 95%. 
a) had been / were set up / were lost / has disappeared 
b) was / was set up / have been lost / had disappeared 
c) has been / were set up / have been lost / have disappeared 
d) has been / has been set up / were lost / were disappeared 
e) have been / has been set up / has been lost / was disappeared 
 
 
37. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which of the following sentences expresses probability? 
a) She can choose what she wants to do for a living. 
b) One should have great balance to do yoga. 
c) You must have your homework done by the end of the day. 
d) He did a great job! I think he should get a promotion. 
e) People mustn’t park his car in this parking spot. 
 
 
38. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below. 
I.He sat ______ the chair. 
II.The cat jumped ______ the counter. 
 
 62 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
III.They were sitting ______ the tree. 
IV.The car went ______ the tunnel. 
V.I have liked that song ______ 1999. 
a) on / off / by /through / since 
b) in / in / by / on / since 
c) on / of / in / in / in 
d) over / to / at / in / in 
e) in / under / in / through / on 
 
 
39. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which is the correct option to replace the expression “have few” in the paragraph below so that the 
meaning remains the same? 
It’s difficult when you have few tools and need to repair a power generator. 
a) Get rid of 
b) Run out of 
c) Are short of 
d) Get away with 
e) Check up on 
 
 
 
Steve Jobs debuts the iPhone 
On January 9, 2007, Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs unveils the iPhone—a touchscreen mobile phone with 
an iPod, camera and Web-browsing capabilities, among other features—at the Macworld 
convention in San Francisco. Jobs, dressed in his customary jeans and black mock turtleneck, called 
the iPhone a “revolutionary and magical product that is literally five years ahead of any other mobile 
phone.” When it went on sale in the United States six months later, on June 29, amidst huge hype, 
thousands of customers lined up at Apple stores across the country to be among the first to purchase 
an iPhone. 
In November 2007—by which point more than 1.4 million iPhones had been sold—Time magazine 
named the sleek, 4.8-ounce device, originally available in a 4GB, $499 model and an 8GB, $599 
model, its invention of the year. The iPhone went on sale in parts of Europe in late 2007, and in parts 
of Asia in 2008. In July 2008, Apple launched its online App Store, enabling people to download 
software applications that let them use their iPhones for games, social networking, travel planning 
and an every growing laundry list of other activities. Apple went on to over 10 updated models of 
the iPhone. 
 
 63 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
The iPhone helped turned Apple, which Jobs (1955-2011) co-founded with his friend Stephen 
Wozniak in California in 1976, into one of the planet’s most valuable corporations. In 2012, five years 
after the iPhone’s debut, more than 200 million had been sold. The iPhone joined a list of innovative 
Apple products, including the Macintosh (launched in 1984, it was one of the first personal 
computers to feature a graphical user interface, which allowed people to navigate by pointing and 
clicking a mouse rather than typing commands) and the iPod portable music player (launched in 
2001), that became part of everyday modern life. 
Adaptado de https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/steve-jobs-debuts-the-iphone 
 
 
40. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
In the sentence “The iPhone helped turned Apple, which Jobs (1955-2011) co-founded with his 
friend Stephen Wozniak in California in 1976, into one of the planet’s most valuable corporations”, 
which refers to 
[A] iPhone. [B] Jobs. [C] Stephen Wozniak. 
[D] Apple. [E] Corporations. 
 
 
 
41. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
The sentence “When it went on sale in the United States six months later, on June 29, amidst huge 
hype, thousands of customers lined up at Apple stores across the country to be among the first to 
purchase an iPhone” means that people 
[A] were indifferent apple’s new launch. 
[B] just wanted to spend money on anything. 
[C] needed a device that plays music, takes photos and access the internet. 
[D] wanted cheaper cell phones like Apple’s iPhone. 
[E] Wanted the status of having a technologically advanced device. 
 
 
 
42. (Estratégia Militares2020 – inédita) 
In the sentence “Time magazine named the sleek, 4.8-ounce device”, the word sleek can be replaced 
by 
[A] beautiful. 
[B] gleaming. 
 
 64 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
[C] respectable. 
[D] thin. 
[E] expensive. 
 
 
 
What Leads Us to this Belief that Connections to and Experiences with the Natural World Are So 
Important? 
1 There is an emerging awareness and concern that children are less and less likely to have 
experiences that involve the simplest interactions with nature—the plants, animals, and the earth 
around them—as a part of their continuous learning process. As we look at the children around us, 
we observe them living increasingly unhealthy lifestyles. For many, childhood is spent overly 
plugged in and programmed inside their homes, schools, and community settings in humanmade 
environments, eliminating the out-of-doors, the benefits of nature, and all that exists in the 
natural environment (Wike, 2006). 
2 Even a generation ago, children spent more time outside, because it was the normal thing 
for children to do. Adults did not question the value of time spent out-of-doors and had much less 
anxiety about the risks involved. Children walked and played outdoors and planted things in the 
dirt; they rode their bikes, invented games, and spent the majority of their time in less structured 
activities and natural environments. Very young children carried out these activities in their yards 
and immediate neighborhoods. Urban environments offered the occasional playground and 
vacant lot. Older children roamed beyond their neighborhoods to adjacent lands, streams, woods, 
or urban parks. Exposure to the natural world brought opportunities for children to make sense of 
their surroundings and to develop their own sense of “place.” 
3 Over a relatively short time, we adults have allowed this connection to the natural world to 
slip gradually away from children’s lives. Evidence of this trend surrounds us: 
• Children now spend nearly 30 hours a week watching a TV or computer screen, 
listening to something through headphones or, for older children, using cell phones 
or media players; 
• Children experience increasingly timed and structured family lifestyles with less 
emphasis on unstructured outside time. Particularly in more densely populated 
countries, urban growth has eliminated green spaces and natural environments. 
Fewer families are vacationing in national parks (Fish, 2007). Together these changes 
keep many children separated from nature and without time for solitude or um-
programmed experiences. 
• Instructional time outside, recess, or unstructured playtime is being eliminated from 
the school day (Clements, 2007). 
• Outdoor play spaces or playgrounds have become safer at some sites due to national 
playground standards, but in other locations, play spaces have been eliminated or 
often lack the natural elements that encourage a different kind of interaction among 
children (Moore & Wong, 1997). 
• The curriculum for children in centers and schools is becoming narrower, with more 
time spent on teacher-directed lessons and testing and less time spent investigating 
 
 65 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
and learning through activities that build on a child’s sense of wonder, curiosity, and 
the benefit of first-hand experiences (Hyson, 2003; McMurrer, 2007; Marcon, 1999). 
4 Consequently, we have gradually found our children growing up in a clash of optimal and 
minimal learning opportunities. Optimally, technology opens worlds never before so readily 
available to children; however, the opening of this side of learning has contributed to shutting the 
door to children’s access to the more natural environment that gives a lasting attachment to 
children’s sense of place and their awareness of the habitat and environment nearest to them. 
This lack of connection can engender both apathy and ignorance in children’s early perceptions of 
the world around them and their roles in enjoying, learning from, and protecting it. 
(Adapted from: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Call_to_Action.pdf) 
 
 
43. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
According to the text, which option completes the sentence below correctly? 
In the past, it was the normal thing for children to ______. 
A. spent more time outside 
B. spend more time indoors 
C. question the value of time spent out-of-doors 
D. spend more time outdoors 
E. spend their times in programmed inside activities 
 
 
 
 
44. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
What's the meaning of the word "engender" in paragraph 4? 
A. Point out. 
B. Disagree. 
C. Give rise to. 
D. Endanger . 
E. Be caused by. 
 
 
45. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
According to the text, which option is correct? 
A. Today children have the maximum and the minimum at the same time when it comes to 
learning opportunities. 
B. In the past, education was better beacause children had access to more outside time at 
schools. 
C. Thanks to technology education is better today, since children have instant access to things 
other generations didn’t. 
 
 66 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
D. Technology access will give children the necessary will to fight for the planet environment in 
the future. 
E. The fact the unstructure playtime is being eliminated from the school day is a good thing for 
raising awareness of the habitat nearest to the children. 
 
 
 
46. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
Which option completes the sentence below correctly? 
 One of the most interesting projects handed over more than a ton of tin cans, glass bottles, 
and old climbing tools to artists in Nepal, _______? 
(Adapted from: https://ngl.cengage.com/assets/downloads/grex_pro0000000538/grex2_su8.pdf) 
A. doesn’t it 
B. hasn't it 
C. didn’t it 
D. don't they 
E. didn’t they 
 
 
 
47. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
 Assinale a alternativa que pode substituir ‘binning’ na sentença “In his shoes I imagine myself 
binning the bus pass and walking home for a salad supper.” (parágrafo 3) mantendo o mesmo 
sentido do texto e a correção gramatical. 
A ( ) using 
B ( ) throwing away 
C ( ) putting away 
D ( ) keeping 
E ( ) putting in my pocket 
 
 
 
ITA - 2019 
The lengths countries go to for a seat at UN top table 
Glad-handing, parties and concerts by U2 and Celine Dion - how countries campaign for a seat on 
the United Nations Security Council. 
It likely won't come down to the gift bags or the parties but that doesn't mean Canada, Norway and 
Ireland are leaving it to chance. 
 
 67 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
From Norway, General Assembly delegations will get a badge covered with fabric from the tapestry 
used to decorate the council chamber's walls. 
Canada is offering greeting cards, chocolates, and Canada branded facemasks. 
The small tokens for delegations ahead of the 17 June vote come after lengthy campaigns by the 
three nations for one of two coveted non-permanent seats up for grabs on the security council, 
which is tasked with ensuring global peace and security. 
The seats they are campaigning for are set aside for the "Western Europe and Others" [WEOG] 
regional grouping on the council. 
The winners will serve a two-year term on the 15-member body. 
Campaign season for the contested seats means "a lot of parties, a lot of events" at the UN's 
headquarters in New York, says Stephanie Fillion, a journalist who covers the global body for news 
site PassBlue. 
Campaigns can be elaborate affairs with slick promotional materials and plenty of wining and dining, 
and countries announce they will run years in advance 
In 2018, Ireland invited diplomats to a New York concert by Irish rockers U2, and Canada did 
something similar for a concert by Canadian songstress Celine Dion this year. 
Canada says it's shelled out roughly $1.74m (£1.37m) and has 13 full-time staff working on the 
campaign. And as of late lastyear, Ireland spent a reported $800,000 and Norway $2.8m. 
Why do countries want a seat on the council? 
Members states get three things in return for a seat, says Adam Chapnick, a professor of defence 
studies at the Royal Military College of Canada. 
Those are access, relevance, and influence. 
"For two years, day in and day out, a country that is not a great power will have direct access to the 
five permanent members in addition to whomever else might be on the council at that time," he 
says. 
He adds: "With that access comes relevance." 
"All of a sudden you're really popular around the world because if somebody else can't reach the 
Chinese or the Americans or the French, they know you can." 
The council has significant responsibilities. It can authorise peacekeeping operations, impose 
international sanctions, and determine how the UN should respond to conflicts around the world. 
But the council isn't always in the mood to collaborate, says Mr Chapnick. 
"There are times when you can actually change the international rules of the game and there are 
other times where you absolutely can't. And that's entirely unpredictable." 
Adaptado de < https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52973244> 
 
48. (ITA – 2019) 
De acordo com o texto, é incorreto dizer que 
 
 68 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A ( ) a Irlanda, Noruega e o Canadá estão há dois anos concorrendo por vagas permanentes no 
conselho de segurança da ONU. 
B ( ) os países querem participar do conselho de segurança para ter acesso, relevância e influência. 
C ( ) a temporada de campanhas significa muitas festas e eventos na sede da ONU em Nova Iorque. 
D ( ) os países estão concorrendo a vagas reservadas para o grupo regional da Europa ocidental e 
outros. 
E ( ) os vencedores farão parte do conselho formado por 15 membros pelo período de dois anos. 
 
 
49. (ITA – 2019) 
Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA. No texto, o autor afirma que 
A ( ) diplomatas foram convidados pela Irlanda a assistir um show da banda U2 em Nova Iorque. 
B ( ) diplomatas foram convidados pelo Canadá a assistir um show da Celine Dion em Nova Iorque. 
C ( ) o conselho de segurança é reponsável por garantir a paz e a segurança global. 
D ( ) a Irlanda já gastou 800.000 libras em seus esforços de campanha por um lugar no conselho de 
segurança. 
E ( ) o conselho torna os membros populares por terem acesso e influência com as maiores potências 
globais. 
 
 
50. (ITA – 2019) 
A palavra ou expressão sublinhada na primeira coluna pode ser substituída pela palavra ou 
expressão na segunda coluna em todas as opções, mantendo o mesmo sentido, EXCETO em: 
A ( ) The seats they are campaigning for are set aside for[…] → reserved 
B ( ) All of a sudden you're really popular around the world […]. → gradually 
C ( ) Campaign season for the contested seats means […]. → disputed 
D ( ) The winners will serve a two-year term on the 15-member body.[...] → period 
E ( ) […]Canadian songstress Celine Dion this year. → singer 
 
 
EFOMM - 2017 
Pidgins and creoles 
Pidgin Languages 
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share 
a common language, but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. 
 
 69 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Pidgins have been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’ languages. They have a 
limited vocabulary, a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of 
functions, compared to the languages which gave rise to them. They are the native 
language of no one, but they are nonetheless a main means of communication for millions 
of people, and a major focus of interest to those who study the way languages change. 
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in 
generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the 
reality. A pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk, 
laziness, corruption, primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: 
pidgins are demonstrably creative adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and 
rules of their own. Along with creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of 
linguistic change, as languages come into contact with each other, producing new varieties 
whose structures and uses contract and expand. They provide the clearest evidence of 
language being created and shaped by society for its own ends, as people adapt to new 
social circumstances. This emphasis on processes of change is reflected in the terms 
pidginization and creolization. 
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and 
Portuguese – reflecting the history of colonialism. However, this observation may be the 
result only of our ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or 
South-east Asia, where situations of language contact are frequent. One of the best-known 
non-European pidgins is Chinook Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in 
north-west USA. Another is Sango, a pidginized variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-
central Africa. 
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last for very long – 
sometimes for only a few years, and rarely for more than a century. They die when the 
original reason for communication diminishes or disappears, as communities move apart, or 
one community learns the language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop 
into a creole.) The pidgin French which was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the 
French left; similarly, the pidgin English which appeared during the American Vietnam 
campaign virtually disappeared as soon as the war was over. But there are exceptions. The 
pidgin known as Mediterranean Lingua Franca, or Sabir, began in the Middle Ages and 
lasted until the 20th century. 
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of communication between languages that 
they have developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may even be 
given official status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases are known as ‘expanded 
pidgins’, because of the way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the needs 
of their users, and have come to be used in a much wider range of situations than 
previously. In time, these languages may come to be used on the radio, in the press, and 
may even develop a literature of their own. Some of the most widely used expanded pidgins 
are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian Pidgin English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New 
Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the most widely used language in the country. 
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344). 
 
51. (EFOMM – 2017) 
 
 70 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
In line 65, “(...) they have added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users (...)”, the 
phrasal verb in bold is closest in meaning to: 
( a ) foresee 
( b ) support 
( c ) respect 
( d ) realize 
( e ) handle 
 
 
52. (EFOMM – 2017) 
Which option can NOT be inferred from the text? A pidgin language is: 
( a ) a simplified means of linguistic communication. 
( b ) the native language of a speech community. 
( c ) employed in situations such as commerce. 
( d ) a contact language. 
( e ) constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. 
 
 
 
 
Adele - Someone Like You 
 
I heard that you're settled down 
That you found a girl and you're married now 
I heard that your dreams came true 
Guess she gave you things, I didn't give to you 
Old friend, why are you so shy? 
Ain't like you to hold back or hide from the light 
 
I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited 
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it 
I had hoped you'd see my face 
And that you'd be reminded that for me, it isn't over 
(Adaptedfrom https://www.letras.mus.br/adele/1778689/) 
 
 
 
53. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
What is the main verb tense used in the first paragraph of the text above? 
 
a) Present Perfect. 
 
 71 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
b) Past Perfect. 
c) Simple Present. 
d) Past Perfect Continuous. 
e) Simple Past. 
 
 
54. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
In the excerpt “I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited” the expression in bold means 
 
a) blue as the sky. 
b) unexpectedly. 
c) once in a blue moon. 
d) rarely. 
e) promptly. 
 
 
55. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
Choose the option that contains only uncountable nouns 
a) beauty, iron, information, newspaper, baggage. 
b) beauty, bee, information, newspaper, wool. 
c) song, iron, information, paper, wool. 
d) song, bee, information, newspaper, baggage. 
e) beauty, iron, information, paper, wool. 
 
 
 
 
Text IV 
 
There’s no end to the benefits of donating blood for those who need it. 
 
According to the American Red Cross, one donation can save as many as three lives, and someone 
in the United States needs blood every two seconds. 
It turns out that donating blood doesn’t just benefit recipients. There are health benefits for donors, 
too, on top of the benefits that come from helping others. 
Donating blood has benefits for your emotional and physical health. According to a report by the 
Mental Health Foundation, helping others can: reduce stress, improve your emotional well-being, 
benefit your physical health, help get rid of negative feelings, provide a sense of belonging and 
reduce isolation. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Research has found further evidence of the health benefits that come specifically from donating 
blood. 
 
56. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
“According to a report by the Mental Health Foundation, helping others can: reduce stress, […], help 
get rid of negative feelings […]”. The expression “get rid of” in bold in the text means 
 
a) put away 
b) throw away 
c) put up with 
d) find out 
e) work out 
 
 
 
57. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
“They could spend two hours improving their health by exercising,” 
The underlined word can be replaced by: 
a. coming up with 
b. puting up with 
c. puting away 
d. turning down 
e. brushing up on 
 
 
 
 
 
Brexit was meant to make Britain global. It has made us friendless 
It is not a secret that Britain is leaving the EU. The coronavirus crisis has dominated 2020 but not 
obliterated memory of the years before. Still, to be on the safe side, the government is spending 
£93m on a Brexit refresher campaign with the slogan “check, change, go”. 
This is aimed at people who have dealings with Europe and might be under the illusion that it will 
be as easy in the future as it has been in the past. No one has done more to cultivate that 
misapprehension than Boris Johnson. The government’s new message on Brexit is to disregard what 
the prime minister used to say on the subject. 
The essential issue here is that Brexit can make EU membership go away, but not the EU itself. When 
the only problem was being inside, escape was the only solution worth talking about. Hardline 
 
 73 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Eurosceptics were no more bothered by the issue of how an ex-member state might manage 
relations with Brussels than arsonists are interested in what to do with ashes. 
As a result of that complacency, the UK does not have a policy towards the EU, only an impulse away 
from it and that is of fading relevance. No one followed us out. The fire didn’t catch. 
It is important to distinguish strategic European policy from the detail of borders, tariffs and 
regulations. The UK has a detailed agenda for that stuff and negotiations are ongoing. If those talks 
fail, there is always the World Trade Organization (as Brexit ultras never tire of pointing out). But 
even if it were economically sensible to fall back on WTO rules (and it isn’t), the question of Britain’s 
geopolitical alignment would still remain unanswered. 
The rubric for the current talks is “the future relationship”, but the UK has narrowed the discussion 
to exclude everything apart from trade. Johnson took foreign policy, security and defence 
cooperation – the stuff of which international alliances are made – off the table. European leaders 
were baffled by that choice, which seemed to defer discussion of something no less urgent than fish 
quotas and customs declarations, and more important in the long term. 
The UK position is consistent with the Eurosceptic doctrine of pristine sovereignty. In that view, EU 
institutions eat national power. Every programme, even something as ostensibly benign as the 
Erasmus scheme for student exchanges, is a trap. The whole point of new “global” Britain, as an 
upgrade from the old European version, is that it is freer to deal with other global players peer-to-
peer. 
The limitations of that approach are quickly becoming clear. In January, the government announced 
that it would allow Huawei, the Chinese telecoms company, a limited role in developing British 5G 
infrastructure. Yesterday, the limit became an exclusion, starting next year. 
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain, with good reason, that Huawei 
has the potential to be a conduit for Beijing security interests and want its kit stripped out of the 
network even sooner. The more decisive factor is US sanctions against the company and the demand 
from Washington that Britain be more demonstrative in its transatlantic loyalty. The unambiguous 
message from the White House is that trade and security policy are intertwined. A country that 
wants a deal to access US markets can expect to have its foreign investment relations vetted for 
intimacy with undesirable states. Beijing has warned of trade retaliation against countries deemed 
hostile to Huawei. 
Any prime minister would prioritise the security alliance with the US over a commercial deal with 
China. But Johnson happens to be the first prime minister to be confronted with the choice in stark, 
binary terms, because his trade policy is a blank sheet of paper and Donald Trump is holding the 
pen. 
As an EU member, Britain’s trade deals were brokered by the European commission, which 
mobilised the scale of the single market – 28 countries; 450 million consumers – as leverage in 
negotiations. That is what concessions in national sovereignty buy, and every government that has 
felt the benefits considers it a price worth paying. The UK was no exception. David Cameron was a 
casual Tory Eurosceptic, happy to play-fight against Brussels banditry, but when the choice became 
real he campaigned to remain. Would Johnson have been a leaver if his Downing Street ambitions 
had come to fruition five years earlier and he had spent some time hobnobbing with fellow heads 
of government at EU summits? I doubt it. 
 
 74 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
In less volatile times an independent seat at the WTO would have been meagre compensation for 
losing Britain’s influence as one of the big three EU members. As international trade policy gets ever 
deeper submerged in geopolitical manoeuvres, that swap looks like the worst part-exchange in 
strategic history, even if you throw in a new royal yacht and call it Britannia. 
Johnson knows it, too. If the prime minister thought the WTO was where the action happens, he 
would nominate a credible, intelligent statesman with a reputation for probity as Britain’s candidate 
to be the next director general. He offered Liam Fox instead. (Fox will not get the job.) 
The UK is sliding into a strategic void because its only foreign policy is a plan that devalues old 
European alliances and shifts the balance of power to other continents when trying to make new 
deals. Johnson cannot address this challenge without exposing the basic flaw in Brexit, which is that 
the sovereigntyhe so jealously demands from Brussels buys no clout in Washington, Beijing or 
anywhere else. 
The UK national interest requires a new strategic partnership with the EU, but Johnson refuses even 
to include that concept in the negotiation. The obstacle used to be confidence that Britain had no 
need of Europe. It looks now more like fear of admitting how much of Europe Britain still needs. 
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/15/brexit-britain-
partnership-boris-johnson) 
 
58. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
What word could replace the word “misapprehension” in the second paragraph? 
A. mistake 
B. culture 
C. made up 
D. misconception 
E. unapprehension 
 
 
59. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
“is that it is freer to deal with other global players peer-to-peer.” in paragraph 7, the word in bold 
refers to 
A. European version 
B. Upgrade 
C. “global” Britain 
D. Point 
E. Trap 
 
 
60. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
 
 75 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Which option completes the paragraph below correctly? 
An engineer I worked _____ told me he was impressed because I could deal ______ aggressive dogs. 
He had no ideia what workshops I had attended ______. That’s why I could walk ______ those dogs. 
(A) With / of / to / - 
(B) At / from / about / with 
(C) With / with / of / - 
(D) With / for/ to / with 
(E) With / with / to / - 
 
 
61. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
Mark the CORRECT alternative. 
“Huawei has the potential to be a conduit for Beijing security interests and want its kit stripped out 
of the network even sooner.” (paragraph 9) 
If something is stripped out, it means that 
A) it’s something that lost its clothes in the network. 
B) it’s something withdrawn from their network. 
C) it’s something broken in their network. 
D) it’s something that needs to be assessed in their network. 
E) it’s something bathed in the network. 
 
 
62. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
Mark the alternative which has the sentence below correctly reported. 
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
The author 
A) replied: “the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain” 
B) said that the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained. 
C) asked the readers if the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
D) asked readers if the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained. 
E) said the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
 
 
 
 76 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Singapore overtakes US as world’s most competitive economy 
Sherisse Pham 
 Singapore has knocked the United States out of top spot in the World Economic Forum’s 
annual competitiveness report. 
 The index takes stock of an economy’s competitive landscape, measuring factors such as 
macroeconomic stability, the infrastructure, the labor market and the innovation capability. 
 Singapore pushed the world lergest economy down to second place this year. Hong Kong, the 
Netherlands and Switzerland rounded out the top five. Hong Kong climbed four spots from last 
year’s report, despite the political crisis taking a toll on its economy. The financial hub received high 
marks for its macroeconomic stability and financial system, but fell short on its capability to 
innovate. 
Adapted from CNN.com 
63. (EEAR – BCT – 2021) 
The expression “taking a toll on its economy”, in bold type in the text, means that it ___________ 
on the economy. 
a) has a good impact 
b) has a desired effect 
c) has a very bad effect 
d) has an unacceptable effect 
 
 
Development of world’s first autonomous, zero-emissions feeder postponed amid COVID-19 
crisis 
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the changed global outlook, the development of the 
world’s first autonomous and electric container vessel Yara Birkeland is put on hold, Norwegian 
company Yara announced. 
Yara has decided to pause further development of the vessel and will assess next steps 
together with its partners, the company stated. The hull of the Yara Birkeland vessel was launched 
to sea in Romania in February 2020. 
The ship is expected to arrive at the Norwegian shipyard in May where it will be fitted with various 
control- and navigation systems and undergo testing before delivery to Yara. 
Yara and technology company Kongsberg teamed up in 2017 with the ambition to build the 
world's first autonomous and zero-emission container vessel. 
Replacing 40,000 truck journeys a year, Yara Birkeland seeks to reduce NOx and CO2 
emissions and improve road safety in a densely populated urban area in Norway. 
(Adapted from: https://safety4sea.com) 
. 
64. (EFOMM – 2021) 
According to the article: 
 
 77 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
a) Covid-19 pandemic urged the development of the world’s first autonomous, zero-emission 
feeder. 
b) Norwegian Company Yara issued a statement about the launching of the new watercraft fully 
manned. 
c) Unmanned craft can whittle down the discharge of foul air and greenhouse gases. 
d) Yara and Kongsberg technology company split up due to the virus outbreak. 
e) Autonomous and zero-emission feeders are salvege vessels that can stow the level of 
pollutants. 
 
 
65. (EFOMM – 2021) 
 
Which of the statements are TRUE about the article 
I.The pandemic forestalled additional improvement of the feeder vessel. 
II.The ship will enable a depletion of road freight and road hazards. 
III.The vessel will be scrapped straight away. 
IV.The norwegian shipyard went bankrupt due to the changed global outlook. 
V.The ship will be fitted with outdated controls and navigation systems. 
a) I and V 
b) IV and V 
c) II and V 
d) III and IV 
e) I and II 
 
 
66. (EFOMM – 2021) 
In “[…] the world’s first autonomous and electric container vessel Yara Birkeland is put on 
hold[…]”, the idiom in bold means: 
a) Put away 
b) Put about 
c) Put off 
d) Put across 
e) Put up 
 
 
Sea-Fever 
By 
John Masefield 
 
I must down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky, 
And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by, 
And the wheel’s kick and the wind’s song and the white sail’s shaking, 
And a grey mist on the sea’s face, and a grey dawn breaking. 
 
 78 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
I must down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide 
Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied; 
And all I ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying, 
And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the sea-gulls crying. 
 
I must down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life, 
To the gull’s way and the whale’s way where the wind’s like a whetted knife; 
And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover, 
And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick’s over. 
By John Masefield. (1878-1967) 
 
67. (EFOMM – 2021) 
According to the text: 
(A) The title refers to a disease that could commonly occur working onboard vessels at sea. 
(B) The seagulls are crying because of the blown spume and the flung spray. 
(C) The voice of the poem has a strong desire to hear a story from a seafarer. 
(D) The whetted knife is going to be used to cut the seagulls and the whales like the wind. 
(E) The voice of the poem wants to have an amazing adventure at sea by sailing in very bad weather. 
 
68. (EFOMM – 2021) 
Based on the passage below, mark the correct option. 
By the end of our first two weeks in Holland, we had fallen head over heels for the country. It's a 
historic, visual, artistic and cultural feast that is compact and easy to get around thanks to its 
efficient trains, buses and bike routes. 
(Adapted from: Sail Magazine, August 2018.) 
Considering the previous passage, the underlined phrase 'head over heels' is closest in meaning to: 
(A) Bewildered 
(B) Gleeful 
(C) At ease 
(D) In love 
(E) Stupefied79 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
4.1 GABARITO 
 
1. D 
2. D 
3. D 
4. A 
5. D 
6. B 
7. B 
8. C 
9. B 
10. D 
11. D 
12. D 
13. C 
14. B 
15. A 
16. D 
17. C 
18. C 
19. B 
20. D 
21. E 
22. C 
23. E 
24. E 
25. E 
26. C 
27. C 
28. E 
29. A 
30. A 
31. C 
32. C 
33. D 
34. B 
35. D 
36. C 
37. D 
38. A 
39. C 
40. D 
41. E 
42. B 
43. D 
44. C 
45. A 
46. C 
47. B 
48. A 
49. D 
50. B 
51. E 
52. B 
53. E 
54. B 
55. E 
56. B 
57. E 
58. D 
59. C 
60. E 
61. B 
62. B 
63. C 
64. C 
65. E 
66. C 
67. C 
68. D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 80 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
5. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
In “I’m looking forward to”, the underlined words, in the text, is closest in meaning to, to be 
_________. 
b. unpleasant 
A expressão “I’m looking forward to” significa “eu mal posso esperar”, “eu estou ansioso, 
empolgado, por alguma coisa que está por vir.”. Unpleasant significa desagradável, não 
correspondendo ao sentido. ERRADA. 
 
 
c. unhappy 
Unhappy significa infeliz. Também não correspondendo ao sentido de estar ansioso, 
empolgado. ERRADA. 
 
 
d. hopeless 
 
 81 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Hopeless significa sem esperança. ERRADA. 
 
 
e. excited 
Excited significa justamente animado, empolgado. CORRETA. 
 
Gabarito: D 
 
 
 
 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
“Trick or treat”, in bold type, in the text, means 
Observe o trecho do texto que explica a tradição do “Trick or treat”: This gave origin to the “trick 
or treat” tradition: groups of children dressed like witches and ghosts visit many houses to ask for 
sweets. If they do not get their treats, they play a trick. = Isso deu origem ao “trick or treat”: 
grupos de crianças vestidas como bruxas e fantasmas visitam muitas casas para pedir doces. Se 
elas não conseguem os doces (treats), elas fazem uma travessura (trick). 
b. a celebration of someone’s birthday. 
Como vimos, o “trick or treat” não é a comemoração do aniversário de alguém. ERRADA. 
 
c. an event in which is someone’s wedding. 
O “trick or treat” não é um evento em que é o casamento (wedding) de alguém. ERRADA. 
 
 
d. a day when people thank for the end of the harvest. 
 
 82 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
De acordo com o texto, o “trick or treat” não é um dia em que as pessoas agradecem pelo 
fim da colheita (harvest). ERRADA. 
 
 
e. an activity in which children knock on door of houses to ask for candies. 
De fato, segundo o texto, o “trick or treat” é uma atividade em que as crianças batem na 
porta das casas para pedir doces. CORRETA. 
 
Gabarito: D 
 
 
 
They arrived at the court in plenty of time and went straight to the robing room. It was crowded 
with solicitors and counsil. 
Adapted from Reading for Meaning 
 
3 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) The words, “in plenty of time”, in bold type in the 
paragraph, is closest in meaning to __________. 
a) late 
b) on time 
c) over time 
d) in good time 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “late” traz o sentido de atrasado, enquanto “in plenty of 
time” significa que chegaram numa hora boa, com tempo sobrando. As duas expressões não tem 
relação de significação. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “on time” traz o sentido de que chegaram na hora 
certa, enquanto “in plenty of time” significa que chegaram numa hora boa, com tempo sobrando. 
As duas expressões não tem relação de significação. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “over time” traz o sentido de que chegaram com o 
tempo, enquanto “in plenty of time” significa que chegaram numa hora boa, com tempo 
sobrando. As duas expressões não tem relação de significação. 
A alternativa D está correta. A expressão “in good time” traz o mesmo sentido de “in plenty of 
time” no texto. As duas expressões significam que chegaram numa boa hora, com tempo 
sobrando. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
 
 
Halloween 
 
 83 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
One fall day, as you walk down the street, you might see ghosts, strange animals, and other weird 
things. What’s going on? It’s probably October 31, or Halloween. Halloween is a day when people 
go out wearing costumes and colorful makeup. 
People think that Halloween started in Ireland during the 400s. October 31 was the end of 
summer, and people believe that everyone who died during the year come back on that day. To 
scare away the dead, people put on costumes and went out into the streets to make noise. 
Different cultures have different ways of celebrating Halloween. In the United States, it’s the night 
when children dress up in costumes and go to neighbors’ houses to “trick or treat”, or ask for 
candy. Some adults wear funny or scary costumes and go to parties or parades. Halloween has 
become a fun holiday for both adults and children. 
Adapted from Interchange. 
 
4 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) All the underlined words from the text are phrasal 
verbs, except: 
a) end of 
b) dress up 
c) went out 
d) scare away 
A alternativa A está correta. “End of” não é um phrasal verb porque cada palavra representa uma 
unidade de sentido. Num phrasal verb, devemos ter apenas uma unidade de sentido para a 
expressão.. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Dress up” é um phrasal verb que significa vestir-se para uma 
ocasião especial, estar bem vestido. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Went out” é um phrasal verb que significa sair (de um ambiente 
fechado, como uma casa ou um prédio). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Scare away” é um phrasal verb que significa assustar. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
 
Reasons why the Airbus A380 failed 
On 14 February 2019, Airbus announced their A380s have been cancelled, with production ending 
in 2021. After 12 years of shaky business and development, its closure didn’t come as a surprise. 
The dream is over for the world’ largest passenger airliner. Why was the king of the airliners forced 
to land so quikly? Here’s what happened: 
• poor business planing finds itself at the heart of the A380’s downfall. Most of all A380’ eggs 
were put in a basket called Emirates, Airbus biggest buyer. 
• bigger isn’t always better. With a wingspan of almost 80 meters was difficult to guide the 
giant four-turbine around airports. 
• airbus failed to antecipate how consumer’s tastes in air travel would change over the years. 
Passengers nowadays prefer smaller airports, using direct routes to their destinations. 
• although a seating capacity of 800 may seem impressive at first, it is not easy to fill them up, 
even when you give discounts and make promotions. 
Airbus A380’ closure perhaps teaches us all a lesson or two. Dream big, but keep your feet on the 
ground. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Adapted from https://www.slashgerar.com. 
 
5 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) In “... Dream big, but keep your feet on the ground.”, 
the expression is closest in meaning to: _______________________. 
a) Be careful about your dreams 
b) It’s possible to dream without consequences 
c) Don’t do anything without be sure that it will work 
d) Try to achieve your wishes being realistic and sensible 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não diz para ter cuidado com nossos sonhos, mas sim que 
devemos sonhar com os pés no chão, ou seja, de forma responsável e realista. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto não diz que é possível sonhar sem consequências, mas sim 
que devemos sonhar com os pés no chão, ou seja, de forma responsável e realista. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não diz para não fazer nada sem ter certeza de que dará 
certo, mas sim que devemos sonhar com os pés no chão, ou seja, de forma responsável e realista. 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto afirma que devemos tentar atingir nossos desejos sendo 
realistas e sensatos. Isso é exatamente o significado de sonhar com os pés no chão. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
6 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) In”...Most ofall the A380’s eggs were put in a basket 
called Emirates(...)”, we can infer that Airbus ______________. 
a) is the Emirates’ best customer 
b) have no other alternative left if Emirates fails 
c) made investments on the open market for many years 
d) put most of their efforts into Emirates, but have another plans to get sucess 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto diz que a Emirates é o melhor cliente do A380, e não que o 
A380 é o melhor cliente da Emirates. 
A alternativa B está correta. O texto diz que o Airbus A380 não tem outra alternativa além da 
Emirates, já que diz que a empresa colocou a maioria dos seus ovos na Emirates. Repare que há, 
ainda, um erro gramatical na frase que parece não ter sido intencional por parte do examinador, 
que é o uso do verbo “have” ao invés de “has”, já que Airbus é uma empresa e pode ser 
substituída por “it”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não diz que a Airbus fez investimentos no mercado aberto, 
mas sim que a Airbus colocoi a maioria dos seus ovos do A380 numa única cesta chamada 
Emirates. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto afirma que a Airbus colocou a maioria dos seus eforços na 
Emirates, mas não diz que a empresa tem outros planos para atingir o sucesso com seu modelo 
A380. Repare que há, ainda, mais dois erros gramaticais na frase que parece não ter sido 
intencional por parte do examinador, que é o uso do verbo “have” ao invés de “has”, já que Airbus 
é uma empresa e pode ser substituída por “it”, além do uso da palavra “another” antes do 
substantivo no plural “plans”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 85 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
 
7. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
The phrasal verb “turning away from” (line 1) is closest in meaning to: _____________ 
a) looking after 
b) abandoning 
c) putting up with 
d) requesting 
Comentário: 
No trecho “More and more people are turning away from their doctors and, instead, going 
to individuals who have no medical training”, o sentido do phrasal verb indicado é de que 
mais e mais pessoas estão largando seus médicos, abandonando-os, em busca da cura 
milagrosa. 
a. cuidando 
ERRADA. 
b. abandonando. 
 
 86 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
CORRETA, conforme explicado. 
c. aturando, tolerando. 
ERRADA. 
d. solicitando 
ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: B 
 
 
 87 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
8. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
 
 88 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
In “Will also has got one standout star” (lines 17 and 18), the text means that Will has a / an 
____________ the group. 
a) person who feels left behind in 
b) foreign celebrity in 
c) exceptionally good person in 
d) a person who doesn’t belong to 
 
Comentário: 
Acertar a questão depende da compreensão do adjetivo standout, que caracteriza algo que 
se destaca, por ser excepcionalmente bom. Assim, Will tem no grupo 
a. uma pessoa que se sente deixada para trás 
Não corresponde ao sentido explicado. ERRADA. 
b. uma celebridade estrangeira 
Também não corresponde ao sentido explicado. ERRADA. 
c. pessoa excepcionalmente boa 
Alternativa de acordo com o sentido de standout. CORRETA. 
d. uma pessoa que não pertence 
Não corresponde ao sentido explicado. ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
 
 
Airports ‘vunerable’ to attack 
The 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack was a terrorist ramming attack which occurred on 
Saturday 30 June 2007, when a dark green Jeep Cherokee loaded with propane canisters was 
driven into the glass doors of the Glasgow International Airport terminal and set ablaze. It was the 
first terrorist attack to take place in Scotland. Security bollards outside the entrance stopped the 
car from entering the terminal, although the doors were damaged. 
Security consultant Chris Yates said many of the changes put in place at Glasgow had been copied 
at other UK airports. But he said that although some “weak points” in airport had been addressed, 
others remained. 
Since the attack, cars no longer drop off passengers outside the main terminal building, which was 
fitted with bomb-proof glass. 
Fonte:BBC News 
GLOSSARY 
(car) ramming attack – ataque no qual um veículo choca-se contra um local 
propane canister – container de metal contendo gás propano 
bollard – poste usado para manter um veículo fora de uma área em particular 
 
 
 
9. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 In ‘(…) a Jeep Cherokee was driven into the glass doors and set ablaze’, (lines 3 - 5), it means that 
the vehicle hit into the glass doors and _________________, except: 
a) burnt 
b) blew up 
c) caught fire 
d) burst into flames 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “set ablaze” significa pegou fogo, e “burnt” significa 
queimou. Podemos dizer que essa é uma substituição satisfatória. 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “set ablaze” significa pegou fogo, enquanto “blew up” 
significa explodiu. Pegar fogo e explodir são coisas diferentes. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “set ablaze” significa pegou fogo, e “caught fire” 
significa pegou fogo. Podemos dizer que essa é uma substituição satisfatória. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “set ablaze” significa pegou fogo, e “burst into flames” 
significa pegou fogo. Podemos dizer que essa é uma substituição satisfatória. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
Why I stopped mispronouncing my Igbo name 
In Nigeria, the language spoken by one of the largest ethnic groups, the Igbo, is in danger of dying 
out – which is odd because the population is growing. In the past this didn’t worry Nkem Ifejika, 
who is himself Igbo but never learned the language. 
When he is in Nigeria, he says his parents are Igbo. He might throw in that he partly grew up in the 
United Kingdom. In Britain, He says he’s Nigerian, though he often adds explainers about having 
been educated at British schools and lived outside Nigeria since he was 12 years old. 
Nkem Ifejika can speak English, French among others. However, he can’t speak the language of his 
ancestors. Igbo is a tonal language, so the words with the wrong stresses and tones either change 
their meaning, or worse, become unintelligible. In Igboland, as it’s informally known, names have 
meaning and history. Nkemakonam means “may I not lack what is mine”, while Ifejika means 
“what I have is greater”. By mispronouncing his names, he was throwing away generation of 
history, and disregarding his parents’ careful choice. 
His indefatigable and proudly wife, who is also Igbo, helped him out when they met. Now he 
knows how to pronounce his name properly, with the correct tones and with pride. 
Fonte: BBC NewsWorld Service 
 
 
10. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 In ‘(...) the Igbo is in danger of dying out (...)’, (paragraph 1), it means that the language is in 
danger of ______________. 
a) being minority 
b) being less spoken 
c) becoming unclear 
d) going into extinction 
Comentários: 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto diz que a língua lgbo já é falada por uma minoria e corre 
risco de desaparecer. Portanto, não podemos dizer que ela corre o risco de ser falada por uma 
minoria, isso já é uma realidade. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que a língua lgbo já é menos falada do que era no 
passado e corre risco de desaparecer. Portanto, não podemos dizer que ela corre o risco de ser 
menos falada, isso já é uma realidade. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que a língua deixa de ser clara quando as palavras são 
pronunciadas de forma errada, mas isso não tem a ver com o preenchimento da lacuna, que deve 
indicar o risco de a língua desaparecer. 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto diz que a língua corre o risco de desaparecer ou ser extinta, 
como diz a alternativa. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
Finding a taste of Japan in São Paulo’s Liberdade neighborhood 
Home of the largest Japanese community outside of Japan, São Paulo’s Liberdadeneighborhood is 
a city within a city, with many specialty shops for Japanese food and home products. 
Since most of the products are imported directly from Japan, and many do not contain a 
Portuguese ingredient version, shop owners and employees are always at hand for a quick 
translation. 
Fonte: The Rio Times/Brazil News 
 
 
11. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The words “at hand”, underlined in the text, mean _____. 
a) busy 
b) distant 
c) worried 
d) available 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “at hand” usada no texto tem a intenção de dizer que 
sempre há um funcionário ou o próprio dono da loja disponível para fazer uma rápida tradução do 
rótulo do produto, e não que eles estão sempre ocupados para fazer a tradução, como diz a 
alternativa. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “at hand” usada no texto tem a intenção de dizer que 
sempre há um funcionário ou o próprio dono da loja disponível para fazer uma rápida tradução do 
rótulo do produto, e não que eles estão sempre distantes para fazer a tradução, como diz a 
alternativa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “at hand” usada no texto tem a intenção de dizer que 
sempre há um funcionário ou o próprio dono da loja disponível para fazer uma rápida tradução do 
rótulo do produto, e não que eles estão sempre preocupados para fazer a tradução, como diz a 
alternativa. 
A alternativa D está correta. A expressão “at hand” usada no texto tem a intenção de dizer que 
sempre há um funcionário ou o próprio dono da loja disponível para fazer uma rápida tradução do 
rótulo do produto, exatamente como diz a alternativa com o uso da palavra “available”. 
 
 91 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
LINKIN PARK – LEAVE OUT ALL THE REST 
I dreamed I was missing 
You were so scared 
But no one would listen 
Cause no one else cared 
After my dreaming 
I woke with this fear 
What am I leaving 
When I'm done here? 
So, if you're asking me, I want you to know 
When my time comes 
Forget the wrong that I've done 
Help me leave behind some reasons to be missed 
And don't resent me 
And when you're feeling empty 
Keep me in your memory 
Leave out all the rest 
Leave out all the rest 
Adapted from https://www.lyricfind.com/ 
 
 
12. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
The word leave out, underlined in the text, means 
a) remember. 
b) put up with. 
c) dream of. 
d) put aside. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “leave out” significa deixar de lado, esquecer, enquanto 
“remember” significa lembrar. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “leave out” significa deixar de lado, esquecer, enquanto 
“put up with” significa tolerar. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “leave out” significa deixar de lado, esquecer, enquanto 
“dream of” significa sonhar sobre algo. 
A alternativa D está correta. A expressão “leave out” significa deixar de lado, esquecer, e a 
expressão “put aside” significa, exatamente, deixar de lado. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
Kenosha shooting: National Guard deployed after black man shot 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
The governor of the US state of Wisconsin has deployed the National Guard to maintain "public 
safety" after police shot a black man on Sunday. 
Jacob Blake is reportedly in a stable condition after officers shot him multiple times as he tried to 
get into a car in the city of Kenosha. Protests erupted in the city soon after, and authorities 
imposed an emergency overnight curfew. Governor Tony Evers has now called up the National 
Guard to aid local police. 
In a press release, Governor Evers said the "limited mobilisation" - made at the request of local 
officials - was to help law enforcement "protect critical infrastructure" and make sure people can 
demonstrate safely. 
"Every person should be able to express their anger and frustration by exercising their First 
Amendment rights and report on these calls to action without any fear of being unsafe," he said. A 
curfew will also come into effect at 20:00 local time (01:00 GMT) until 07:00 on Tuesday. 
The governor also called a special session of the state legislature on 31 August to discuss a package 
of laws announced earlier this year on accountability and transparency of the police. 
Mr Evers announced the legislation in the wake of the police killing of George Floyd in the 
neighbouring state of Minnesota. His death in May highlighted police brutality and racism in the 
US and sparked protests around the world. 
What's the latest from Kenosha? 
Hundreds of people marched on police headquarters on Sunday night to demonstrate against the 
shooting. Vehicles were set on fire and protesters shouted "we won't back down" as officers used 
tear gas to try to disperse the crowds. Organisers have called for further demonstrations in the 
Wisconsin city on Monday. 
Clyde McLemore, a member of a nearby chapter of the Black Lives Matter movement, issued a call 
on Facebook for a march through the city starting at midday. 
Reports suggest up to 200 members of the National Guard will be deployed on Monday. 
Lawmakers "have failed to act" in the two months since he announced the "commonsense 
policies", the governor tweeted. "I am urging the Legislature to rise to this occasion and give this 
special session the urgent and productive effort this moment demands and that the people of 
Wisconsin deserve," he wrote. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53897641. 
 
 
13. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
In “Mr Evers announced the legislation in the wake of the police killing of George Floyd” 
(paragraph 5), the underlined expression can be replaced by 
a) before 
b) in order to 
c) after 
d) awake 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “before” significa antes, enquanto “in the wake of” 
significa logo após algo ter acontecido, nesse caso, a morte de George Floyd. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “in order to” significa para que, enquanto “in the wake 
of” significa logo após algo ter acontecido, nesse caso, a morte de George Floyd. 
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “after” significa depois, exatamente o mesmo significado de 
“in the wake of”, que significa logo após algo ter acontecido, nesse caso, a morte de George Floyd. 
 
 93 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “awake” significa acordado, enquanto “in the wake of” 
significa logo após algo ter acontecido, nesse caso, a morte de George Floyd. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
Arrest Dog 
A police department has temporarily stopped the use of arrest dogs after a shocking bodycam 
footage came to light. 
The video shows US police officers ordering a dog to attack an unresisting black man. The suspect 
was already handcuffed when the dog latched onto his leg for 20 seconds. In the video, a police 
officer can be heard repeatedly praising the animal, saying ´good boy´. 
The police department said that the officer had been placed on administrative leave. According to 
the suspect, the injury was avoidable; however, he also said that he suffered permanent nerve and 
tendon damage with infections that could lead to amputation. 
The incident happened almost one month before George Floyd´s death. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com 
 
 
14. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 “...came to light.”, underlined in the text is closest in meaning to _______ . Except: 
a) was disclosed 
b) was lighted up 
c) was revealed 
d) got public 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Came to life” significa foi revelado, veio a público. “Was disclosed” 
significa foi revelado e tem a mesma significação de “came to light” no contexto apresentado. 
A alternativa B está correta. “Came to life” significa foi revelado, veio a público. “Was lighted up” 
significa foi iluminado, ou foi aceso e não tem a mesma significação de “came to light” no contexto 
apresentado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Came to life” significa foirevelado, veio a público. “Was revealed” 
significa foi revelado e tem a mesma significação de “came to light” no contexto apresentado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Came to life” significa foi revelado, veio a público. “Got public” 
significa tornou-se público e tem a mesma significação de “came to light” no contexto 
apresentado. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
 
 
This Is Me - Keala Settle 
 
I am not a stranger to the dark 
Hide away, they say 
 
 94 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
'Cause we don't want your broken parts 
I've learned to be ashamed of all my scars 
Run away, they say 
No one'll love you as you are 
But I won't let them break me down to dust 
I know that there's a place for us 
For we are glorious 
When the sharpest words wanna cut me down 
I'm gonna send a flood, gonna drown 'em out 
I am brave, I am bruised 
I am who I'm meant to be, this is me 
Look out 'cause here I come 
And I'm marching on to the beat I drum 
I'm not scared to be seen 
I make no apologies, this is me 
(Adapted from 
https://www.google.com/search?q=letra+da+musica+this+is+me&rlz=1C1SQJL_pt-
BRBR910BR910&oq=letra+da+musica+this+is+me+&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l3j46j0l3.4731j0j15&s
ourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8) 
 
 
 
15. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The underlined expression “break me down to 
dust”, in the text, means that the person 
 
 
a) Was mentally destroyed, in an irreversible way 
b) Was literally broken to dust 
c) Wasn’t affected at all 
d) Was physically affected 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A expressão “break me down to dust” (me quebrar em pó) 
significa que a pessoa foi mentalmente destruída, de forma irreversível, assim como esta opção 
indica. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “break me down to dust” (me quebrar em pó) não 
significa que a pessoa foi literalmente quebrada até virar pó, mas sim, que a pessoa foi 
mentalmente destruída, de forma irreversível. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “break me down to dust” (me quebrar em pó) não 
significa que a não foi afetada de forma alguma, mas sim, que a pessoa foi mentalmente 
destruída, de forma irreversível. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “break me down to dust” (me quebrar em pó) não 
significa que a pessoa foi fisicamente afetada, mas sim, que a pessoa foi mentalmente 
destruída, de forma irreversível. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
Covid vaccine studies call for more black and Asian volunteers in UK 
 More people from black and Asian backgrounds, as well as over-65s, are being urged to volunteer 
to help ensure potential coronavirus vaccines work for everyone. 
 Researchers say 270,000 people across the UK have signed up for vaccine studies but thousands 
more are needed, in particular from groups more vulnerable to Covid. 
 Just 7% of those who have signed up to NHS registers so far are from minority ethnic groups – 
half the proportion in the overall population. Of those who have signed up, 11,000 are Asian and 
1,200 are black. More people aged over the age of 65 or with chronic diseases are also needed. 
 Kate Bingham, the chair of the government’s vaccine taskforce, said: “Researchers need data 
from different communities and different people to improve understanding of the vaccines. The 
only way to pull this off is through large clinical trials. 
 “We want to ensure the data we get actually represents the different people from different 
backgrounds in the UK. This includes people who are over 65, frontline healthcare workers, or 
have existing health conditions, and we need people from the communities which have 
been disproportionately affected by the pandemic, from black, Asian and other minority ethnic 
backgrounds.” 
 Depending on their particular ethnicity, people from BAME communities have a risk of death 
from coronavirus between 10% and 100% higher than that of white Britons, according to Public 
Health England. Those of Bangladeshi heritage are at greatest risk, and the Office for National 
Statistics has calculated that black people in England and Wales are 1.9 times more likely to die of 
Covid than their white counterparts, after other factors are taken into account. 
 Researchers in the UK are currently looking at six different potential Covid-19 vaccines, each of 
which urgently requires thousands of diverse volunteers to help speed up development. 
 The equalities minister, Kemi Badenoch, said she was volunteering for vaccine trials being 
conducted by the US biotechnology company Novavax at Guy’s and St Thomas’ hospital trust in 
London, and she urged others to sign up to the NHS vaccine registry, the database created to help 
populate clinical studies. 
 “We have to ensure every community trusts a future vaccine to be safe and that it works across 
the entire population,” said Badenoch. “Together we can be part of the national effort to end this 
pandemic for good.” 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53997900) 
 
 
 
16. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words HAVE SIGNED UP and PULL this OFF 
in the text are 
 
 
a) Irregular verbs 
b) Modal verbs 
c) Are not verbs 
d) Phrasal verbs 
Comentários: 
 
 96 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Os verbos em questão são phrasal verbs, que são os verbos frasais ou verbos preposicionados. 
Esses verbos, quando adicionados de uma preposição, mudam seu sentido, fazendo uma nova 
e única unidade de sentido. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
17. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best response 
 
 
a) People who are over the age of 65 are not relevant for the research 
b) People with existing health conditions are not taken into consideration in the research 
c) Some communities have been disproportionately affected by Covid-19 
d) Black people are almost two times more likely to get Covid-19 than white people 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que pessoas com 
mais de 65 anos não são relevantes para a pesquisa, já que o texto diz o contrário. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que pessoas com 
condições de saúde já existentes não são levadas em consideração na pesquisa, já que o texto 
diz que essas pessoas também devem participar. 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que determinadas 
comunidades são afetadas de formas diferentes pelo coronavírus. O seguinte trecho do texto 
mostra isso: “people from the communities which have been disproportionately affected by 
the pandemic”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os negros tem 
quase duas vezes mais chances de pegar Covid-19, pois o texto fala isso em relação à taxa de 
casos fatais, e não em relação ao número de infectados. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
 
ESPN to Lay Off 300 Employees 
 ESPN will lay off 300 employees, about 6 percent of its worldwide staff, and let 200 open 
positions go unfilled, Jimmy Pitaro, the network’s chairman, told employees in a memo on 
Thursday. 
 “Prior to the pandemic, we had been deeply engaged in strategizing how best to position ESPN 
for future success amidst tremendous disruption in how fans consume sports,” Pitaro ____ in a 
memo that was obtained by The New York Times. “The pandemic’s significant impact on our 
business clearly accelerated those forward-looking discussions.” 
 The cuts will affect most divisions across the company, but are concentrated in broadcast 
production. 
 Like many companies, ESPN’s business has been ravaged by the coronavirus pandemic. ESPN will 
pay more than $7 billion for the rights to show live sports in 2020, the lifeblood of ESPN’s nine 
cable channels. But for four months this year, from March to July, there were almost no games to 
show. Even with the resumption of most professional and college sports, ESPN has faced low 
viewership and a sluggish advertising market. 
 
 97 
AULA 09 –Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 This is the latest in a string of layoffs for ESPN in recent years. About 300 employees were laid off 
in 2015, and about 250 were laid off in two waves in 2017, including a number of high-profile on-
air employees. 
 The layoffs come as ESPN continues to confront the long-term decline of pay television. The 
number of households paying for television peaked at 100.5 million in 2014; today that number is 
close to 80 million. While the timing and severity of the layoffs were driven by the pandemic, they 
are also a further reorientation toward a fully digital and streaming future. 
 “Placing resources in support of our direct-to-consumer business strategy, digital, and, of course, 
continued innovative television experiences, is more critical than ever,” Pitaro wrote in the memo. 
In 2018, ESPN started ESPN+, a sports streaming service that costs $5 a month. At the end of June, 
ESPN+ had 8.5 million subscribers. 
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/05/sports/espn-
layoffs.html?action=click&module=Latest&pgtype=Homepage) 
 
 
 
18. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative according to the 
text 
 
 
a) The number of people who will be fired from ESPN is the largest part of your total staff 
b) The pandemic is not related to mass layoff on ESPN 
c) Employee cuts will not equally affect all areas of ESPN 
d) ESPN is the only company that has been deeply affected by the pandemic 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o número de 
pessoas que serão demitidas da ESPN é a maior parte de sua equipe total, mas sim, 
corresponde a 6% de sua equipe total. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “ESPN will lay off 
300 employees, about 6 percent of its worldwide staff…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a pandemia 
não está relacionada a demissão em massa na ESPN, mas sim, que está diretamente 
relacionada. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The pandemic’s significant impact on our 
business clearly accelerated those forward-looking discussions”. 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que o corte de 
funcionários não irá afetar igualmente todas as áreas da ESPN. Isso pode ser confirmado com o 
trecho “The cuts will affect most divisions across the company, but are concentrated in 
broadcast production”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a ESPN foi a 
única empresa que foi profundamente afetada pela pandemia, mas sim, que não foi a única. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Like many companies, ESPN’s business has been 
ravaged by the coronavirus pandemic”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
19. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that 
 
 
a) This massive layoff is something new for ESPN 
b) The pandemic has really affected many companies, even large ones, that have the resources to 
cope with unforeseen circumstances 
c) With the pandemic, the company's audience increased a lot 
d) The number of people accompanying ESPN has increased over the years, and has declined in the 
pandemic 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que essa demissão 
em massa é algo novo para a ESPN, mas sim, que já aconteceu antes. Isso pode ser confirmado 
com o trecho “This is the latest in a string of layoffs for ESPN in recent years. About 300 
employees were laid off in 2015…”. 
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que a pandemia 
realmente afetou as empresas, incluindo as grandes, que possuem recursos para arcar com 
circunstancias imprevistas, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o 
trecho “Like many companies, ESPN’s business has been ravaged by the coronavirus pandemic. 
ESPN will pay more than $7 billion for the rights to show live sports in 2020…”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que com a 
pandemia, a audiência da empresa aumentou muito, mas sim, que diminuiu. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “Even with the resumption of most professional and college sports, 
ESPN has faced low viewership and a sluggish advertising market”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o número de 
pessoas acompanhando a ESPN aumentou com os anos e diminuiu com a pandemia, mas sim, 
que diminuiu muito desde 2014. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The layoffs come as 
ESPN continues to confront the long-term decline of pay television. The number of households 
paying for television peaked at 100.5 million in 2014; today that number is close to 80 million”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
 
Pidgins and creoles 
Pidgin Languages 
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share a 
common language, but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. Pidgins have 
been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’ languages. They have a limited vocabulary, 
a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of functions, compared to the 
languages which gave rise to them. They are the native language of no one, but they are nonetheless 
a main means of communication for millions of people, and a major focus of interest to those who 
study the way languages change. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in 
generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the reality. 
A pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk, laziness, 
corruption, primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: pidgins are 
demonstrably creative adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and rules of their own. 
Along with creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of linguistic change, as languages 
come into contact with each other, producing new varieties whose structures and uses contract and 
expand. They provide the clearest evidence of language being created and shaped by society for its 
own ends, as people adapt to new social circumstances. This emphasis on processes of change is 
reflected in the terms pidginization and creolization. 
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese – 
reflecting the history of colonialism. However, this observation may be the result only of our 
ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or South-east Asia, where 
situations of language contact are frequent. One of the best-known non-European pidgins is Chinook 
Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in north-west USA. Another is Sango, a pidginized 
variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-central Africa. 
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last for very long – sometimes for 
only a few years, and rarely for more than a century. They die when the original reason for 
communication diminishes or disappears, as communities move apart, or one community learns the 
language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop into a creole.) The pidgin French which 
was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the French left; similarly, the pidgin English which 
appeared during the American Vietnam campaign virtually disappeared as soon as the war was over. 
But there are exceptions. The pidgin known as Mediterranean Lingua Franca, or Sabir, began in the 
Middle Ages and lasted until the 20th century. 
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of communication between languages that they 
have developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may even be given official 
status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases areknown as ‘expanded pidgins’, because of 
the way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users, and have come 
to be used in a much wider range of situations than previously. In time, these languages may come 
to be used on the radio, in the press, and may even develop a literature of their own. Some of the 
most widely used expanded pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian Pidgin English, and Bislama 
(in Vanuatu). In Papua New Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the most widely used language in 
the country. 
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344). 
 
20. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
It is possible to infer from the text that 
a) pidgin languages are a new tendency in our globalized world. 
b) the pidgin Tok Pisin is the native language of people in Papua New Guinea. 
c) in the future, pidgin languages will be the most spoken languages in the world. 
d) a pidgin is constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
e) the last pidgin language disappeared in the 20th century. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não fala que as línguas pidgin são uma nova tendência, pois 
elas sempre existiram por conta das necessidades de comunicação que surgiam entre diferentes 
povos e culturas. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Em momento algum o texto fala que a língua pidgin Tok Pisin é a língua 
nativa de Papua Nova Guiné. O texto apenas diz que esse pidgin é a língua mais falado no local. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não diz, nem nos permite concluir que os pidgins serão as 
línguas mais faladas no mundo no futuro. 
A alternativa D está correta. Podemos inferir do texto que os pidgins são construídas de maneira 
improvisada, ou por convenção entre indivíduos ou grupos de pessoas, exatamente como diz a 
alternativa. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto diz que o pidgin conhecido como Sabir ou Língua franca 
mediterrânea surgiu na idade média e durou até o século xx, mas o texto não diz que essa era a 
última língua pidgin a desaparecer. 
GABARITO: D 
 
21. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
In line paragraph 4, “They die when the original reason for communication diminishes or 
disappears, as communities move apart (...)”, the phrasal verb in bold is closest in meaning to: 
( a ) unite 
( b ) get together 
( c ) respect each other 
( d ) strengthen 
( e ) break up 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O phrasal verb “move apart” significa separar-se, romper o 
relacionamento, enquanto “unite” significa unir. Não há relação entre as palavras. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O phrasal verb “move apart” significa separar-se, romper o 
relacionamento, enquanto “get together” significa estar juntos. Não há relação entre as palavras. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O phrasal verb “move apart” significa separar-se, romper o 
relacionamento, enquanto “respect each other” significa respeitar um ao outro. Não há relação 
entre as palavras. 
A alternativa D está incorreta O phrasal verb “move apart” significa separar-se, romper o 
relacionamento, enquanto “strengthen” significa fortalecer-se. Não há relação entre as palavras. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa E está correta. O phrasal verb “move apart” significa separar-se, romper o 
relacionamento, e “break up” significa finalizar uma relação. Portanto, o phrasal verb “break up” é 
a alternativa que tem significado mais próximo de “move apart”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Which is the correct option to replace the expression “have no” in the paragraph below so that the 
meaning remains the same? 
It’s terrible when you wake up and realize you have no bread left for your breakfast. 
a) Get rid of 
b) Are short of 
c) Run out of 
d) Get away with 
e) Check up on 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Get rid of” é uma expressão que significa se livrar de algo. O 
enunciado nos pede a alternativa que pode substituir a expressão “have no”. “have no” e “get rid 
of” não possuem relação de significação. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Are short of” significa ter pouco de alguma coisa. A frase diz que é 
terrível quando você percebe que não sobrou nenhum pão, não que é terrível quando você percebe 
que tem pouco pão. 
A alternativa C está correta. “Run out of” é uma expressão que significa ficar sem alguma coisa 
(quando essa coisa acaba). Nesse caso, “run out of” substitui perfeitamente a expressão “have no”. 
É terrível quando você percebe que não sobrou nenhum pão para o seu café da manhã. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Get away with” é uma expressão que significa escapar de 
determinada situação sem ser pego ou punido. Essa expressão não possui nenhuma relação de 
significação com a expressão “have no”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Check up on” é uma expressão que significa checar/averiguar alguma 
situação específica. A expressão não possui nenhuma relação de significação com a expressão “have 
no” apontada pelo enunciado. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
 
23. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
In: "Have you bought a new TV?" 
"Yes, I’ve bought that top brand’s new model." 
Which phrasal verb can substitute the underlined word? 
(A) run into 
(B) let down 
(C) picked out 
(D) turned out 
(E) picked up 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Em “have you bought a new TV?”, temos o verbo “bought”, que é o 
particípio do verbo “buy” (comprar). O phrasal verb “run into” significa esbarrar com alguém, dar 
um “encontrão” em alguém. Portanto, não se pode substituir um pelo outro. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Em “have you bought a new TV?”, temos o verbo “bought”, que é o 
particípio do verbo “buy” (comprar). O phrasal verb “let down” significa desapontar. Portanto, não 
se pode substituir um pelo outro. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Em “have you bought a new TV?”, temos o verbo “bought”, que é o 
particípio do verbo “buy” (comprar). O phrasal verb “pick out” significa escolher. Portanto, não se 
pode substituir um pelo outro. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Em “have you bought a new TV?”, temos o verbo “bought”, que é o 
particípio do verbo “buy” (comprar). O phrasal verb “turn out” significa acontece, como em 
“acontece que ele virou um grande empresário”. Portanto, não se pode substituir um pelo outro. 
A alternativa E está correta. Em “have you bought a new TV?”, temos o verbo “bought”, que é o 
particípio do verbo “buy” (comprar). O phrasal verb “pick up” significa comprar. Portanto, a 
substituição seria perfeita. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
Chapter 1 - Madras 1986 
“He knows too much. I must ask you to do nothing.” 
“But this time I caught him in the act. I have proof, witnesses, everything. There is no possible 
doubt.” 
“I said he knows too much! The company can’t afford to have any problems. Our position is very 
sensitive in this country. We can’t afford to take risks. I am telling you once again – you will do 
nothing. And if there is any trouble, I’m afraid I shall have to hold you personally responsible. So be 
sensible for once in your life.” 
“I see. So you are telling me to close my eyes to corruption and behave as if nothing has happened. 
Is that right?” 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
“I didn’t put it quite like that. But, if you insist, yes. What Vish does or doesn’t do is a minor matter 
compared with the company’s global strategy. Just try to get things in perspective. After all, you 
won’t be stuck in Madras for ever – I’ll make sure that you are not. So just go with the flow for a bit 
longer. When you’re in your next post this will all seem a very long way away, I can assure you. But 
meantime, no trouble. I hope I’ve made myself clear. Oh, and, by the way, I advise you to forget that 
we have hadthis conversation. Goodbye.” 
Dick Sterling put the phone down. His hands were trembling. He was furious with himself for failing 
to persuade his boss in Delhi, Keith Lennox, to support him, and was disgusted at the mixture of 
veiled threats and vague promises Lennox had made. 
Adapted from MALEY, Alan. He knows too much. Cambridge University Press, 1999. P.6 
 
24. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2015) 
The sentence “So just go with the flow for a bit longer.” (paragraph 5), the expression go with the 
flow means 
[A] don’t accept corruption. 
[B] don’t accept bribery. 
[C] don’t fight vague promises. 
[D] don’t accept threats. 
[E] don’t fight prevailing trends. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não fazer nada 
diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não aceite corrupção. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não fazer nada 
diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não aceite propina. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não fazer nada 
diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não lute contra promessas vagas. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não fazer nada 
diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não aceite ameaças. 
A alternativa E está correta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não fazer nada 
diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não lute contra tendências predominantes, exatamente o 
mesmo sentido do enunciado. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
Frequently Asked Questions – Instagram 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
What is Instagram? 
It’s an application for your mobile phone that enables you to edit pictures you have taken with your 
mobile phone camera using built-in filters and share them with others. If you have an Instagram 
account you can tag pictures, rate and comment on other people’s pictures and follow other users. 
How much is your app? 
$0.00. 
Where does the name come from? 
When we were kids we loved playing around with cameras. We loved how different types of old 
cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - something we take for granted today. We also felt that 
the snapshots people were taking were like telegrams in that they got sent over the wire to others 
- so we figured why not combine the two? 
How did the idea come about? 
We love taking photos. We always assumed taking interesting photos required a big bulky camera 
and a couple years of art school. But as mobile phone cameras got better and better, we decided to 
challenge that assumption. We created Instagram to solve three simple problems: 
- Mobile photos always come out looking mediocre. Our awesome looking filters transform your 
photos into professional-looking snapshots. 
- Sharing on multiple platforms is a pain - we help you take a picture once, then share it (instantly) 
on multiple services. 
- Most uploading experiences are clumsy and take forever - we’ve optimized the experience to be 
fast and efficient. 
How does privacy work? 
We have adopted a follower model that means if you’re “public” on Instagram, anyone can subscribe 
to follow your photos. We do, however, have a special private option. In this mode, a user can make 
sure he/she must approve all follow requests before they go through. 
Who can see my photos? 
All photos are public by default which means they are visible to anyone who has an account. If you 
choose to make your account private, then only people who follow you on Instagram will be able to 
see your photos. 
Adapted from https://instagram.com/about/faq/# 
 
 
25. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2015) 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
In the sentence “We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - 
something we take for granted today.” (question 3), the expression something we take for granted 
means 
[A] Something we have to give someone. [B] Something we have to do everyday. 
[C] Something we usually value a lot. [D] Something we don’t have to learn. 
[E] Something we don’t give much importance to. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma coisa 
que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo que devemos dar a 
alguém. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma coisa 
que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo que devemos fazer 
todos os dias. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma coisa 
que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo que nós normalmente 
valorizamos muito. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma coisa 
que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo que não precisamos 
aprender. 
A alternativa E está correta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma coisa que 
tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo para o qual não damos 
muita importância, o que coincide com a definição dada anteriormente. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
We’re so well educated – but we’re useless 
Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite being 
the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant when it 
comes to basic life skills. 
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. I have 
survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning, probably 
from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing 
experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern 
education. 
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from their 
natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation – a working 
knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves distinctions in history, 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a shelf to hold all their academic 
books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call for help from a professional 
handyman or tailor. 
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow our 
own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these things. 
Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption. 
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that isn’t 
able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the 
most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language and history, we 
should create an interactive learning environment in schools where craftsmanship and problem-
solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate information. We need to develop 
children into people that not only think for themselves, but are also able to act for themselves. 
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/ mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-
but-useless 
 
 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2015) 
In the sentence “I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern 
education.” (paragraph 2), the words missed out mean 
[A] didn’t miss. 
[B] didn’t want. 
[C] didn’t have. 
[D] didn’t like. 
[E] didn’t need. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades domésticas 
queeu não tinha, ou que me faltavam, enquanto a alternativa fala que são habilidades que não 
faltavam. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades domésticas 
que eu não tinha, ou que me faltavam, enquanto a alternativa fala que são habilidades que eu não 
queria. 
A alternativa C está correta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades domésticas que 
eu não tinha, ou que me faltavam, exatamente o que diz a alternativa. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades domésticas 
que eu não tinha, ou que me faltavam, enquanto a alternativa fala que são habilidades que eu não 
gostava. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades domésticas 
que eu não tinha, ou que me faltavam, enquanto a alternativa fala que são habilidades que eu não 
precisava. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
27. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
The sentence “The police minister has been accused of encouraging a heavy-handed approach 
towards people” (paragraph 11) can be correctly paraphrased in the following terms: 
[A] The police minister has been accused of being courageous on a heavy-handed approach towards 
people. 
[B] The police minister was accused of encouraging a violent approach towards people. 
[C] The police minister has been accused of encouraging a harsh approach towards people. 
[D] The police minister has been accused of being violent when approaching people. 
[E] The police minister has accused people of approaching people in a heavy-handed way. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o ministro tem sido acusado de 
encorajar uma abordagem dura, enquanto a alternativa diz que ele tem sido acusado de ser corajoso 
numa abordagem dura. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o ministro tem sido acusado de 
encorajar uma abordagem dura, enquanto a alternativa diz que ele foi acusado. O erro da alternativa 
é mudar o tempo verbal do present perfect para o past simple. 
A alternativa C está correta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o ministro tem sido acusado de encorajar 
uma abordagem dura, exatamente o que diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o ministro tem sido acusado de 
encorajar uma abordagem dura, enquanto a alternativa diz que ele tem sido acusado de ser violento 
ao abordar pessoas. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o ministro tem sido acusado de 
encorajar uma abordagem dura, enquanto a alternativa diz que ele tem acusado pessoas de 
aboradar pessoas duramente. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
'Deep remorse': Japanese emperor marks 75th anniversary of surrender 
Naruhito reflects on war actions at Covid-curtailed ceremony, marked elsewhere by former foes 
as Victory in the Pacific or VJ Day 
Japan has marked the 75th anniversary of its surrender in the second world war with Emperor 
Naruhito expressing “deep remorse” over his country’s wartime actions at a sombre annual 
ceremony curtailed by the coronavirus pandemic. 
Naruhito pledged to reflect on the war’s events and ___1____ hope that the tragedy would never 
be repeated. There was no word of apology from the prime minister, Shinzo Abe, who gave thanks 
for the sacrifices of the Japanese war dead. 
“Reflecting on our past and bearing in mind the feelings of deep remorse, I earnestly hope that the 
ravages of war will never be repeated,” Naruhito said in a short speech at the event in Tokyo marking 
the 75th anniversary of Japan’s surrender on 15 August 1945. 
Amid virus fears and worries about the fading memories of the fast-ageing war generation, about 
500 participants, reduced from 6,200 last year, mourned the dead with a minute of silence. Masks 
___2____ and there was no singing of the Kimigayo national anthem. 
Naruhito has promised to follow in the footsteps of his father, who devoted his 30-year career to 
making amends for a war fought in the name of Hirohito, the current emperor’s grandfather. 
Abe has increasingly sought to whitewash Japan’s brutal past since taking office in December 2012. 
He has not acknowledged Japan’s wartime hostilities during 15 August speeches, which had 
previously been a nearly 20-year tradition that ___3____ with the 1995 apology of the Socialist party 
prime minister Tomiichi Murayama. 
Abe said the peace that Japan enjoys today was built on the sacrifices of those who died in the war. 
He pledged that Japan would reflect on lessons from history and will not repeat the war devastation. 
He listed damage inflicted on Japan and its people, including the US atomic bombings of Hiroshima 
and Nagasaki, firebombings of Tokyo and the fierce battle of Okinawa. 
He pledged to play a greater role in tackling global problems. Under his goal of turning Japan into a 
“beautiful” and “normal” nation, Abe has steadily pushed to cleanse Japan of its embarrassing 
wartime history and build up its military by stretching the interpretation of Japan’s war-renouncing 
constitution. It includes acquiring greater missile defence capability in the face of a growing military 
threat from North Korea and China. 
Abe stayed away from a Tokyo shrine that honours convicted war criminals among the war dead. 
He sent a ritual cash, seeking to avoid angering China and South Korea, which consider the Yasukuni 
shrine a symbol of Japan’s militarism. It honours 2.5 million war dead, mostly Japanese, but among 
them are senior military and political figures convicted of war crimes. 
 Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/15/deep-remorse-japanese-
emperor-marks-75th-anniversary-of-surrender 
 
28. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
In the sentence “Abe has increasingly sought to whitewash Japan’s brutal past since taking office in 
December 2012.” (paragraph 6), the expression sought to whitewash means 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
[A] that he wants to compliment Japan’s actions during the war. 
[B] that he doesn’t like to reflect on the war’s events. 
[C] that he thinks Japan’s actions were right during the war. 
[D] that he is trying to express his gratitude to Japan’s war heroes. 
[E] that he is seeking to hide Japan’s brutal past. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o primeiro ministro tem tem tentado 
encobrir o passado brutal do Japão, enquanto a alternativa diz que ele quer elogiar as ações 
japonesas durante a guerra. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o primeiro ministro tem tem tentado 
encobrir o passado brutal do Japão, enquanto a alternativa diz que ele não que refletir sobre as 
ações japonesas durante a guerra. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o primeiro ministro tem tem tentado 
encobrir o passado brutal do Japão, enquanto a alternativa diz que ele acha qua as ações japonesas 
na guerra estavam corretas. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o primeiro ministro tem tem tentado 
encobrir o passado brutal do Japão, enquanto a alternativa diz que ele quer expressar gratidão aos 
heróis de guerra japoneses. 
A alternativa E está correta. O trecho no enunciado diz que o primeiro ministro tem tem tentado 
encobrir o passado brutal do Japão, exatamente o que diz a alternativa. Ele está tentando esconder 
o passado brutal do Japão. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Iowans struggle to find help, strength after powerful storm devastates homes, farms 
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa — In the five days since a massive storm system laid waste to this city, Ethel 
Fontenette, 65, has been trying to make sure neighbors in her retirement community stay well fed. 
With many older people who use wheelchairs trapped in their apartments and food rotting in their 
fridges, she set up a grill in the parking lot as some residentswork as runners, carrying food down 
to cook and then up again to feed people. 
Even though the power is back, they still need help. 
“No one starved,” Fontenette said. But “we have a long way to go.” 
Iowans have “endured the unimaginable,” Gov. Kim Reynolds (R) said Friday, as the state tries to 
recover from Monday’s derecho. The violent thunderstorm — which struck with the force of a 
Category 2 hurricane with little warning — lasted 14 hours with wind speeds that reached 140 miles 
an hour. It devastated scores of communities in the Hawkeye State, and Cedar Rapids, a city of more 
than 125,000 people, was among the hardest hit. Most homes and businesses sustained damage, 
trees and wires are down everywhere, roads are blocked, and hospitals are overrun. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
The National Guard brought some relief to the stricken area as the week ended, and Reynolds 
announced at a news conference Friday that the state will apply Monday for a federal disaster 
declaration that would provide financial assistance to affected homeowners and cover repairs for 
critical infrastructure. 
Affected Iowans say they feel as if they are living on an island or as if the derecho hurled them back 
into a previous century, with no electricity, spotty cellphone coverage and a lack of clarity about 
what the future holds. 
“People didn’t know. We couldn’t communicate to the outside world,” said Zack Kucharski, 
executive editor of the Cedar Rapids Gazette, who described not being able to reach his parents, 
either physically or by phone, even as he tried to keep the newsroom running. 
Adapted form https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/iowans-struggle-to-find-help-strength-
after-powerful-storm-devastates-homes 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
In the sentence “In the five days since a massive storm system laid waste to this city...” (paragraph 
3), the expression laid waste to means 
[A] devastated. 
[B] went through. 
[C] kept away from. 
[D] almost hit. 
[E] helped. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A expressão “laid waste to” quer dizer devastou, assim como a palavra 
“devastated”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “laid waste to” quer dizer devastou, enquanto “went 
through” significa passou por. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “laid waste to” quer dizer devastou, enquanto “kept away 
from” significa ficou longe de. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “laid waste to” quer dizer devastou, enquanto “almost 
hit” significa quase atingiu. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “laid waste to” quer dizer devastou, enquanto “helped” 
significa ajudou. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
 
 
 
 
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back? 
 IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and a 
low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed he 
couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next morning he 
couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the house. “It sounds 
crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge stuck his head into the 
bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but he couldn’t smell a thing. 
 The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19. Quagge was 
diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not widely available at the 
time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still has not fully recovered his 
sense of smell. 
 Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients with 
COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27 times more 
likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor of the illness than 
fever. 
 For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and 
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell may 
sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied up in self-
preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our ability to pick up 
on complex tastes and enjoy food. 
 “So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven 
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t fully 
participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.” 
 Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories. People 
without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment in intimacy. 
Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense, hoping those 
discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers. 
What the nose knows 
 The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way of 
decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the nose to 
the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those molecules 
bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a long tail that 
threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which registers the molecules as, 
say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce. 
 Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it stops 
working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says. “That lack 
of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the basic functions of 
the system.” 
People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the common 
cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at all or lose it 
because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also fade as 
people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or vision impairment, data 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25 percent of Americans over the age 
of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell, and over 13 million people have a 
measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell, or hyposmia, a partial loss. Such 
conditions can last for years or even be permanent. 
 It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a virus, 
but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few ways. First, they 
notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by the congestion or 
stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced anosmia. 
 “It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses Center 
in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.” 
 Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their sense of 
smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who experience 
anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years. 
 Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says in the 
early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was scared. An avid 
amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and he couldn’t smell his 
wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me out.” 
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-
patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-cvd/)30. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
What does the expression "Bummed me out" (thirteenth paragraph) mean? 
a) makes me feel down. 
b) makes me feel happy. 
c) makes me feel angry. 
d) makes me feel nauseated. 
 Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A expressão "Bummed me out" significa que algo te deixou triste, assim 
como "makes me feel down". 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão não significa que algo te deixou feliz, mas sim que te 
deixou triste. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão não significa que algo te deixou com raiva, mas sim que 
te deixou triste. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão não significa que algo te deixou enjoado, mas sim que 
te deixou triste. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
31. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Which is the correct option to replace the verb “continue” 
in the paragraph below so that the meaning remains 
the same? 
 
It’s difficult for students to ______________ their studies with so many distractions going on at the 
same time. 
 
a) Get rid of 
b) Run out of 
c) Keep up with 
d) Get away with 
e) Check up on 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Get rid of” é uma expressão que significa se livrar de algo. O 
enunciado nos pede a alternativa que pode substituir o verbo “continue”. “Continue” e “get rid of” 
não possuem relação de significação 
 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Run out of” é uma expressão que significa ficar sem alguma coisa 
(quando essa coisa acaba). A frase diz que é difícil para os alunos continuar com seus estudos, não 
que os alunos vão ficar sem seus estudos. 
 
A alternativa C está correta. “Keep up with” significa manter-se em ou manter o ritmo, dependendo 
do contexto. Nesse caso, “keep up with” substitui perfeitamente o verbo “continue”. É difícil manter 
o ritmo de estudos com tantas distrações acontecendo ao mesmo tempo. 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Get away with” é uma expressão que significa escapar de 
determinada situação sem ser pego ou punido. Essa expressão não possui nenhuma relação de 
significação com o verbo “continue”. 
 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Check up on” é uma expressão que significa checar/averiguar alguma 
situação específica. A expressão não possui nenhuma relação de significação com o verbo 
“continue” apontado pelo enunciado. 
 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
32. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which is the correct option to replace the expression “have little” in the paragraph below so that 
the meaning remains the same? 
It’s difficult for drivers when they have little gas and there is no gas station around. 
a) Get rid of 
b) Run out of 
c) Are short of 
d) Get away with 
e) Check up on 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Get rid of” é uma expressão que significa se livrar de algo. O 
enunciado nos pede a alternativa que pode substituir a expressão “have little”. “have little” e “get 
rid of” não possuem relação de significação. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Run out of” é uma expressão que significa ficar sem alguma coisa 
(quando essa coisa acaba). A frase diz que é difícil para os motoristas quando eles têm pouca 
gasolina, não que os motoristas não tem gasolina alguma. 
A alternativa C está correta. “Are short of” significa ter pouco de alguma coisa. Nesse caso, “are 
short of” substitui perfeitamente a expressão “have little”. É difícil para os motoristas quando eles 
têm pouca gasolina e não há nenhum posto de gasolina por perto. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Get away with” é uma expressão que significa escapar de 
determinada situação sem ser pego ou punido. Essa expressão não possui nenhuma relação de 
significação com a expressão “have little”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Check up on” é uma expressão que significa checar/averiguar alguma 
situação específica. A expressão não possui nenhuma relação de significação com a expressão “have 
little” apontada pelo enunciado. 
GABARITO: C 
 
33. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which option is correct? 
a) She gave me two precious advices. 
b) Poaching is an essential activity in natural reserves. 
c) Brazil have hosted the olimpics in 2016. 
d) I am used to running 5 kilometers a day. 
e) There was a search to determine Brazil’s population in 2010. 
Comentários: 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto dizer “two precious advices”, seria correto dizer “two 
precious pieces of advice”, pois advice é um substantivo incontável e que, portanto, não varia em 
número, ou seja, não tem plural. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “Poaching” significa caça furtiva, e não faz sentido que 
uma atividade de caça seja essencial em reservas naturais, onde a caça é, via de regra, proibida 
completamente por serem áreas de conservação ambiental. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso do verbo “have hosted” que 
está conjugado de forma incorreta. A forma correta de escrever seria “hosted”, pois trata-se de uma 
situação já encerrada no passado e que sabemos exatamente quando ocorreu. Por isso, o past 
simple seria o tempo verbal adequado, e não o present perfect. 
A alternativa D está correta. A expressão “i am used to” significa que se está acostumado a fazer 
algo e, no inglês, essa estrutura exige que o verbo subsequente seja escrito no gerúndio, exatamente 
como aparece na alternativa. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto usar “search” para falar de pesquisa. Portanto, seria 
correto escrever “research”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
34. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Mark the option which corresponds to the correct sentences. 
I – The person who defends a person in court is called witness. 
II – The pregnant woman was in labor because her water broke. 
III – Mooring is an important process when the ship is sailing. 
IV – That child was birthed in July. 
V – The pregnant woman was taken to the delivery room in order to give birth. 
a) I and II 
b) II and V 
c) III and V 
d) II and IV 
e) III and IV 
Comentários: 
A sentença I está incorreta. A pessoa que defende outra num tribunal é chamada de advogado, e 
não testemunha. Em inglês, usamos a palavra “lawyer” e não a palavra “witness. 
A sentença II está correta. A mulher grávida estava em trabalho de parto porque sua bolsa 
estourou. 
A sentença III está incorreta. A palavra “mooring” significa amarração. A amarração é o ato de 
“amarrar”, ou prender o navio ao porto quando ele está atracando. Portanto, amarração é um 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
processo importante na atracação do navio, e não quando ele está navegando, pois quando está 
navegando, não é necessário amarrar o navio a lugar algum. 
A sentença IV está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso da palavra “birthed”. A palavra certa 
a ser utilizada nessa situação seria “born”. 
A sentença V está correta. A mulher grávida foi levada à sala de parto para dar à luz. 
Temos as sentenças II e V corretas. 
GABARITO: B 
 
35. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which option is correct to complete the sentences below? 
6. He heard her ______ the dinner. 
7. He saw her ______ the cake. 
8. I watched him ______ the guitar. 
9. In order to get thin, you need to ______ hard. 
10. He couldn’t see what _______ on in his neighborhood yesterday. 
a) make / bake / played / working out / were going 
b) made / baking / play / work out / has been going 
c) making / bake / playing / working out / had been going 
d) making / baking / playing / work out / was going 
e) make / baked / play / worked out / is going 
Comentários: 
A sentença 1 deve ser preenchida por “making”. Ele a ouviu fazendo o jantar. Ele a ouviu enquanto 
ele preparava, por isso precisamos usar o verbo no gerúndio “making”. 
A sentença 2 deve ser preenchida por “baking”. Não é possível usar “bake” nesse contexto,pois assar um bolo não é algo instantâneo, mas sim um processo, pois a pessoa precisa colocar o 
bolo no forno, esperar o tempo correto e depois retirar do forno. Portanto precisamos usar o 
gerúndio para demonstrar que a pessoa assistiu a todo o processo. 
A sentença 3 deve ser preenchida por “playing”. A frase dá a entender que a pessoa assistia 
enquanto o outro tocava violão, e isso é um processo em andamento. Por isso, devemos usar o 
gerúndio nesse caso. 
A sentença 4 deve ser preenchida por “work out”. Para emagracer, você precisa se exercitar muito. 
O uso do verbo “work out” no presente é necessário por se tratar de um fato atemporal. 
A sentença 5 deve ser preenchida por “was going”. O uso da expressão de tempo “yesterday” 
indica que a lacuna deve ser preenchida com o tempo verbal past continuous. 
Temos a sequência: making / baking / playing / work out / was going. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
36. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below? 
The distinctive black and white mammal is regarded as an "umbrella species". Protecting the forests 
in which it lives ______ good for many other animals and plants, including birds and small carnivores. 
Yet, large predators such as leopards, wolves and the little-known Asian wild dog, or dhole, which 
tend to range far and wide, seem to have fared badly. 
Since panda reserves ______ in the 1960s, all four species ______ from a big proportion of reserves. 
Leopards ______ from 81% of reserves, snow leopards from 38%, wolves from 77% and Asian wild 
dogs from 95%. 
a) had been / were set up / were lost / has disappeared 
b) was / was set up / have been lost / had disappeared 
c) has been / were set up / have been lost / have disappeared 
d) has been / has been set up / were lost / were disappeared 
e) have been / has been set up / has been lost / was disappeared 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “has been”. Proteger as florestas nas quais ele vive tem 
sido bom para muitos outros animais e plantas. Estamos falando de algo que foi iniciado no passado 
e dura até agora. Portanto, o present perfect é o tempo verbal ideal para preencher a lacuna. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “were set up”. O texto diz que as reservas dos pandas 
foram instituídas nos anos 1960. Portanto, estamos falando de algo que aconteceu no passado e 
sabemos exatamente quando aconteceu e, por isso, devemos usar o past simple nesse caso. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “have been lost”. O texto quer dizer que todas as quatro 
espécies têm sido perdidas e, por isso, devemos usar o present perfect, por se tratar de um processo 
que começou com a criação das reservas e dura até hoje. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “have disappeared”. Deve-se usar o present perfect porque 
os leopardos estão desaparecendo como um processo que começou na década de 1960 e dura até 
hoje. 
Temos a sequência: has been / were set up / have been lost / have disappeared. 
GABARITO: C 
 
37. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which of the following sentences expresses probability? 
a) She can choose what she wants to do for a living. 
b) One should have great balance to do yoga. 
c) You must have your homework done by the end of the day. 
d) He did a great job! I think he should get a promotion. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
e) People mustn’t park his car in this parking spot. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A alternativa diz que ela pode escolher o que ela quer fazer para viver. 
Não há ideia de probabilidade na frase, mas sim de possibilidade. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A alternativa diz que a pessoa precisa ter ótimo equilíbrio para fazer 
yoga. Isso nos introduz uma ideia de necessidade, não de probabilidade. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Seu dever de casa tem que estar pronto até o fim do dia. Essa frase 
não nos passa ideia de probabilidade, como pede o enunciado. 
A alternativa D está correta. Ele fez um ótimo trabalho! Eu acho que ele deve ser promovido. 
Esta frase nos passa a ideia de probabilidade que o enunciado nos pede. Uma vez que ele fez um 
ótimo trabalho, é provável que ele seja promovido. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. As pessoas não podem estacionar o carro nessa vaga. Há uma ideia 
de proibição, não de probabilidade, nessa frase. 
GABARITO: D 
 
38. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below. 
VI.He sat ______ the chair. 
VII.The cat jumped ______ the counter. 
VIII.They were sitting ______ the tree. 
IX.The car went ______ the tunnel. 
X.I have liked that song ______ 1999. 
a) on / off / by /through / since 
b) in / in / by / on / since 
c) on / of / in / in / in 
d) over / to / at / in / in 
e) in / under / in / through / on 
Comentários: 
A sentença I deve ser preenchida por “on”. Trata-se da regência do verbo sentar (sit). Quem senta, 
senta “em” algum lugar. Em Inglês, essa preposição é “on”. 
A sentença II deve ser preenchida por “off”. “Jump off” significa pular saindo de algum lugar. O gato 
pulou saindo do balcão. 
A sentença III deve ser preenchida por “by“. Eles estavam sentados perto da árvore. O uso da 
preposição “by” é ideal porque eles não estavam sentados em cima da árvore, mas sim na área da 
árvore, sob a árvore. 
A sentença IV deve ser preenchida por “through”. O uso da preposição “through” é ideal porque o 
carro atravessa o túnel, o carro passa através do túnel, por dentro dele. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A sentença V deve ser preenchida por “since”. O uso do present perfect no início da frase indica que 
a pessoa gosta da música desde 1999. Para usar a preposição “in”, o verbo deveria estar conjugado 
no past simple. 
Temos a sequência: on / off / by / through / since 
GABARITO: A 
 
39. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) 
Which is the correct option to replace the expression “have few” in the paragraph below so that the 
meaning remains the same? 
It’s difficult when you have few tools and need to repair a power generator. 
a) Get rid of 
b) Run out of 
c) Are short of 
d) Get away with 
e) Check up on 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Get rid of” é uma expressão que significa se livrar de algo. O 
enunciado nos pede a alternativa que pode substituir a expressão “have few”. “have few” e “get rid 
of” não possuem relação de significação. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Run out of” é uma expressão que significa ficar sem alguma coisa 
(quando essa coisa acaba). A frase diz que é difícil quando você tem poucas ferramentas, não que 
você não tem ferramenta alguma. 
A alternativa C está correta. “Are short of” significa ter pouco de alguma coisa. Nesse caso, “are 
short of” substitui perfeitamente a expressão “have few”. É difícil é difícil quando você tem poucas 
ferramentas e precisa fazer um reparo no gerador de energia. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Get away with” é uma expressão que significa escapar de 
determinada situação sem ser pego ou punido. Essa expressão não possui nenhuma relação de 
significação com a expressão “have few”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Check up on” é uma expressão que significa checar/averiguar alguma 
situação específica. A expressão não possui nenhuma relação de significação com a expressão “have 
few” apontada pelo enunciado. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
Steve Jobs debuts the iPhone 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
On January 9, 2007, Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs unveils the iPhone—a touchscreen mobile phone with 
an iPod, camera and Web-browsing capabilities, among other features—at the Macworld 
convention in San Francisco. Jobs, dressed in his customary jeans and black mock turtleneck, called 
the iPhone a “revolutionary and magical product that is literally five years ahead of any other mobile 
phone.” When it went on sale in the United Statessix months later, on June 29, amidst huge hype, 
thousands of customers lined up at Apple stores across the country to be among the first to purchase 
an iPhone. 
In November 2007—by which point more than 1.4 million iPhones had been sold—Time magazine 
named the sleek, 4.8-ounce device, originally available in a 4GB, $499 model and an 8GB, $599 
model, its invention of the year. The iPhone went on sale in parts of Europe in late 2007, and in parts 
of Asia in 2008. In July 2008, Apple launched its online App Store, enabling people to download 
software applications that let them use their iPhones for games, social networking, travel planning 
and an every growing laundry list of other activities. Apple went on to over 10 updated models of 
the iPhone. 
The iPhone helped turned Apple, which Jobs (1955-2011) co-founded with his friend Stephen 
Wozniak in California in 1976, into one of the planet’s most valuable corporations. In 2012, five years 
after the iPhone’s debut, more than 200 million had been sold. The iPhone joined a list of innovative 
Apple products, including the Macintosh (launched in 1984, it was one of the first personal 
computers to feature a graphical user interface, which allowed people to navigate by pointing and 
clicking a mouse rather than typing commands) and the iPod portable music player (launched in 
2001), that became part of everyday modern life. 
Adaptado de https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/steve-jobs-debuts-the-iphone 
 
 
40. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
In the sentence “The iPhone helped turned Apple, which Jobs (1955-2011) co-founded with his 
friend Stephen Wozniak in California in 1976, into one of the planet’s most valuable corporations”, 
which refers to 
[A] iPhone. [B] Jobs. [C] Stephen Wozniak. 
[D] Apple. [E] Corporations. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “which” está retomando “Apple”, que é a empresa da qual 
Jobs é co-fundador, e não a palavra “iPhone”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “which” está retomando “Apple”, que é a empresa da qual 
Jobs é co-fundador, e não o Steve Jobs em si. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “which” está retomando “Apple”, que é a empresa da qual 
Jobs é co-fundador, e não Stephen Wozniak. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “which” está retomando “Apple”, que é a empresa da qual 
Jobs é co-fundador, exatamente como diz a alternativa. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “which” está retomando “Apple”, que é a empresa da qual 
Jobs é co-fundador, e não a palavra “corporations”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
41. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
The sentence “When it went on sale in the United States six months later, on June 29, amidst huge 
hype, thousands of customers lined up at Apple stores across the country to be among the first to 
purchase an iPhone” means that people 
[A] were indifferent apple’s new launch. 
[B] just wanted to spend money on anything. 
[C] needed a device that plays music, takes photos and access the internet. 
[D] wanted cheaper cell phones like Apple’s iPhone. 
[E] Wanted the status of having a technologically advanced device. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas para 
comprar seu iPhone, e não que estavam indiferentes ao lançamento da Apple. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas para 
comprar seu iPhone, e não que queriam simplesmente gastar dinheiro com qualquer coisa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas para 
comprar seu iPhone, e não que eles precisavam de algo que nunca existiu antes. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas para 
comprar seu iPhone, e não que queriam comprar telefones baratos, até porque o iPhone sempre foi 
um telefone caro. 
A alternativa E está correta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas para 
comprar seu iPhone justamente porque queriam ser os primeiros a possuir aquela tecnologia. 
Quando o trecho diz “amidst huge hype”, ele quer dizer que havia uma alvoroço coletivo pelo 
produto, uma espécie de nova “moda”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
42. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
In the sentence “Time magazine named the sleek, 4.8-ounce device”, the word sleek can be replaced 
by 
[A] beautiful. 
[B] gleaming. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
[C] respectable. 
[D] thin. 
[E] expensive. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O vocábulo “sleek” indica que algo é brilhoso, reluzente, e não bonito 
como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa B está correta. O vocábulo “sleek” indica que algo é brilhoso, reluzente, mesmo 
significado de “gleaming”, que significa limpo, polido, reluzente. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O vocábulo “sleek” indica que algo é brilhoso, reluzente, e não 
respeitável como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O vocábulo “sleek” indica que algo é brilhoso, reluzente, e não fino 
como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O vocábulo “sleek” indica que algo é brilhoso, reluzente, e não caro 
como diz a alternativa. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
 
What Leads Us to this Belief that Connections to and Experiences with the Natural World Are So 
Important? 
1 There is an emerging awareness and concern that children are less and less likely to have 
experiences that involve the simplest interactions with nature—the plants, animals, and the earth 
around them—as a part of their continuous learning process. As we look at the children around us, 
we observe them living increasingly unhealthy lifestyles. For many, childhood is spent overly 
plugged in and programmed inside their homes, schools, and community settings in humanmade 
environments, eliminating the out-of-doors, the benefits of nature, and all that exists in the 
natural environment (Wike, 2006). 
2 Even a generation ago, children spent more time outside, because it was the normal thing 
for children to do. Adults did not question the value of time spent out-of-doors and had much less 
anxiety about the risks involved. Children walked and played outdoors and planted things in the 
dirt; they rode their bikes, invented games, and spent the majority of their time in less structured 
activities and natural environments. Very young children carried out these activities in their yards 
and immediate neighborhoods. Urban environments offered the occasional playground and 
vacant lot. Older children roamed beyond their neighborhoods to adjacent lands, streams, woods, 
or urban parks. Exposure to the natural world brought opportunities for children to make sense of 
their surroundings and to develop their own sense of “place.” 
3 Over a relatively short time, we adults have allowed this connection to the natural world to 
slip gradually away from children’s lives. Evidence of this trend surrounds us: 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
• Children now spend nearly 30 hours a week watching a TV or computer screen, 
listening to something through headphones or, for older children, using cell phones 
or media players; 
• Children experience increasingly timed and structured family lifestyles with less 
emphasis on unstructured outside time. Particularly in more densely populated 
countries, urban growth has eliminated green spaces and natural environments. 
Fewer families are vacationing in national parks (Fish, 2007). Together these changes 
keep many children separated from nature and without time for solitude or um-
programmed experiences. 
• Instructional time outside, recess, or unstructured playtime is being eliminated from 
the school day (Clements, 2007). 
• Outdoor play spaces or playgrounds have become safer at some sites due to national 
playground standards, but in other locations, play spaces have been eliminatedor 
often lack the natural elements that encourage a different kind of interaction among 
children (Moore & Wong, 1997). 
• The curriculum for children in centers and schools is becoming narrower, with more 
time spent on teacher-directed lessons and testing and less time spent investigating 
and learning through activities that build on a child’s sense of wonder, curiosity, and 
the benefit of first-hand experiences (Hyson, 2003; McMurrer, 2007; Marcon, 1999). 
4 Consequently, we have gradually found our children growing up in a clash of optimal and 
minimal learning opportunities. Optimally, technology opens worlds never before so readily 
available to children; however, the opening of this side of learning has contributed to shutting the 
door to children’s access to the more natural environment that gives a lasting attachment to 
children’s sense of place and their awareness of the habitat and environment nearest to them. 
This lack of connection can engender both apathy and ignorance in children’s early perceptions of 
the world around them and their roles in enjoying, learning from, and protecting it. 
(Adapted from: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Call_to_Action.pdf) 
 
 
43. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
According to the text, which option completes the sentence below correctly? 
In the past, it was the normal thing for children to ______. 
a) spent more time outside 
b) spend more time indoors 
c) question the value of time spent out-of-doors 
d) spend more time outdoors 
e) spend their times in programmed inside activities 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso do verbo conjugado no 
Simple Past (spent), quando deveria estar no Simple Present (spend) para que possa se 
encaixar corretamente na frase do enunciado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não é correto dizer que no passado, era normal que as 
crianças passassem mais tempo dentro de casa, já que o texto diz o contrário disso no 
trecho: “Even a generation ago, children spent more time outside”. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que os ADULTOS NÃO questionavam o valor 
do tempo passado fora de casa. Porém o texto não fala nada sobre as crianças 
questionarem ou não o tempo passado fora de casa. 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto diz exatamente o que é dito pela alternativa, que 
as crianças, no passado, passavam mais tempo fora de casa. Isso é confirmado pelo 
trecho: “Even a generation ago, children spent more time outside, because it was the 
normal thing for children to do”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto, de fato, diz que as crianças passam o tempo em 
atividades programadas em ambientes internos. Porém, o texto fala que essa é a 
realidade das crianças nos dias de hoje, não no passado. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
44. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
What's the meaning of the word "engender" in paragraph 4? 
a) Point out. 
b) Disagree. 
c) Give rise to. 
d) Endanger . 
e) Be caused by. 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Point out” significa apontar/destacar algo, enquanto “engender” 
significa causar/ser causa de. Não há, portanto, relação de sentido entre as expressões. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Disagree” significa discordar de algo, enquanto “engender” 
significa causar/ser causa de. Não há, portanto, relação de sentido entre as expressões. 
A alternativa C está correta. “Give rise to” significa dar crescimento a algo/ser a causa de, que é 
exatamente o significado de “engender”, ser a causa de algo. Por isso, essa é a alternativa correta. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Endanger” significa colocar em perigo ou risco, enquanto 
“engender” significa causar/ser causa de. Não há, portanto, relação de sentido entre as 
expressões. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Be caused by” significa ser causado por,ou seja, ser a consequência 
de algo, não a causa. Já “engender” significa causar/ser causa de. Não há, portanto, relação de 
sentido entre as expressões. 
GABARITO: C 
 
45. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
According to the text, which option is correct? 
a) Today children have the maximum and the minimum at the same time when it comes to learning 
opportunities. 
b) In the past, education was better beacause children had access to more outside time at schools. 
c) Thanks to technology education is better today, since children have instant access to things other 
generations didn’t. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
d) Technology access will give children the necessary will to fight for the planet environment in the 
future. 
e) The fact the unstructure playtime is being eliminated from the school day is a good thing for 
raising awareness of the habitat nearest to the children. 
 
A alternativa A está correta. O texto diz que as crianças de hoje têm o máximo e o mínimo ao 
mesmo tempo quando se trata de oportunidades de aprendizagem. Isso ocorre porque a internet 
otimiza grandemente o aprendizado, dando acesso às mais diversas informações. Por outro lado, 
as atividades externas estão diminuindo drasticamente o que empobrece a aprendizagem 
sensorial em relação ao meio ambiente. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não se pode dizer que antigamente a educação era melhor pelo fato 
de que havia mais tempo de atividades externas. O texto não fala que hoje é melhor ou pior, ele 
apenas mostra diferenças dizendo o que melhorou e o que piorou, mas não é possível chegar a 
uma conclusão final de qual educação é melhor, a de hoje ou a do passado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto fala da prontidão do acesso às informações qua a tecnologia 
proporciona como algo bom, porém cita outros pontos que são negativos em relação à educação 
de hoje em dia. Portanto, o texto não nos permite definir qual é a melhor educação, a de hoje ou a 
do passado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não se pode dizer que o acesso à tecnologia vai dar às crianças de 
hoje a força de vontade necessária para lutar pelo meio ambiente no futuro. O texto diz que a falta 
de atividades sensoriais, de experiências vividas na natureza pode diminuir o senso de habitat no 
ambiente que as rodeia. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto diz o contrário da alternativa, que a falta de atividade não 
estruturada ao ar livre no dia a dia escolar diminui a consciência ambiental das crianças. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
46. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
Which option completes the sentence below correctly? 
 One of the most interesting projects handed over more than a ton of tin cans, glass bottles, 
and old climbing tools to artists in Nepal, _______? 
(Adapted from: https://ngl.cengage.com/assets/downloads/grex_pro0000000538/grex2_su8.pdf) 
a) doesn’t it 
b) hasn't it 
c) didn’t it 
d) don't they 
e) didn’t they 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não podemos usar “doesn’t it” pelo fato de que essa tag é usada em 
frases conjugadas no presente, enquanto a frase apresentada está no passado, como podemos 
observar pelo verbo “handed over”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não podemos usar “hasn’t it” porque a frase está conjugada no 
Simple Past. Apenas se usa “hasn’t it” quando a frase está conjugada no Present Perfect. 
 
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A alternativa C está correta. O uso de “didn’t it” é perfeito nesse caso, já que a frase está 
conjugada no tempo verbal Simple Past e na afirmativa. Logo, a question tag precisa usar o auxiliar 
“did” e estar na negativa (didn’t). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Don’t they” só pode ser utilizado quando a frase está conjugada no 
presente, o que não acontece nesse caso, já que a frase está no Simple Past. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Didn’t they” estaria incorreto nessa situação porque a expressão 
“one of the...” indica que estamos falando de apenas um projeto, e não de vários. Portanto, não 
podemos usar o pronome “They” na question tag, mas sim o pronome “it”, pois estamos falando 
de um único projeto. 
GABARITO:C 
 
 
 
47. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
 Assinale a alternativa que pode substituir ‘binning’ na sentença “In his shoes I imagine myself 
binning the bus pass and walking home for a salad supper.” (parágrafo 3) mantendo o mesmo 
sentido do texto e a correção gramatical. 
A ( ) using 
B ( ) throwing away 
C ( ) putting away 
D ( ) keeping 
E ( ) putting in my pocket 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “binning” siginifica jogar fora, já que em inglês britânico, 
usa-se o termo “bin” para designar lata de lixo. “Using” significa usando, e nada tem a ver com a 
intenção do texto de dizer que jogaria o bilhete fora. Ao substituir por “using”, estaríamos dizendo 
que o autor se imagina usando o bilhete do ônibus, ao invé de jogando-o fora. 
A alternativa B está correta. O Phrasal Verb “throwing away” pode ser considerado um sinônimo da 
expressão “binning”, já que ambos significam “jogar fora/jogar no lixo” 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O Phrasal Verb “put away” significa organizar/colocar no lugar. Não 
se trata, portanto, de expressões sinônimas. Ao substituir um pelo outro, teríamos alteração de 
significado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Substituir “binning” por“keeping”, traria alteração de sentido para o 
trecho, pois ao usar “keeping”, estaríamos dizendo que o autor guardou o bilhete de ônibus ao invés 
de jogá-lo fora. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Putting in my pocket” significa colocando no meu bolso. Teríamos a 
mesma alteração de sentido presente na substituição proposta por “keeping”, já que as duas 
alternativas representariam a mesma ação por parte do autor neste contexto, a de guardar o bilhete 
de ônibus, e não de jogá-lo fora. 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
ITA - 2019 
The lengths countries go to for a seat at UN top table 
Glad-handing, parties and concerts by U2 and Celine Dion - how countries campaign for a seat on 
the United Nations Security Council. 
It likely won't come down to the gift bags or the parties but that doesn't mean Canada, Norway and 
Ireland are leaving it to chance. 
From Norway, General Assembly delegations will get a badge covered with fabric from the tapestry 
used to decorate the council chamber's walls. 
Canada is offering greeting cards, chocolates, and Canada branded facemasks. 
The small tokens for delegations ahead of the 17 June vote come after lengthy campaigns by the 
three nations for one of two coveted non-permanent seats up for grabs on the security council, 
which is tasked with ensuring global peace and security. 
The seats they are campaigning for are set aside for the "Western Europe and Others" [WEOG] 
regional grouping on the council. 
The winners will serve a two-year term on the 15-member body. 
Campaign season for the contested seats means "a lot of parties, a lot of events" at the UN's 
headquarters in New York, says Stephanie Fillion, a journalist who covers the global body for news 
site PassBlue. 
Campaigns can be elaborate affairs with slick promotional materials and plenty of wining and dining, 
and countries announce they will run years in advance 
In 2018, Ireland invited diplomats to a New York concert by Irish rockers U2, and Canada did 
something similar for a concert by Canadian songstress Celine Dion this year. 
Canada says it's shelled out roughly $1.74m (£1.37m) and has 13 full-time staff working on the 
campaign. And as of late last year, Ireland spent a reported $800,000 and Norway $2.8m. 
Why do countries want a seat on the council? 
Members states get three things in return for a seat, says Adam Chapnick, a professor of defence 
studies at the Royal Military College of Canada. 
Those are access, relevance, and influence. 
"For two years, day in and day out, a country that is not a great power will have direct access to the 
five permanent members in addition to whomever else might be on the council at that time," he 
says. 
He adds: "With that access comes relevance." 
"All of a sudden you're really popular around the world because if somebody else can't reach the 
Chinese or the Americans or the French, they know you can." 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
The council has significant responsibilities. It can authorise peacekeeping operations, impose 
international sanctions, and determine how the UN should respond to conflicts around the world. 
But the council isn't always in the mood to collaborate, says Mr Chapnick. 
"There are times when you can actually change the international rules of the game and there are 
other times where you absolutely can't. And that's entirely unpredictable." 
Adaptado de < https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52973244> 
 
48. (ITA – 2019) 
De acordo com o texto, é incorreto dizer que 
A ( ) a Irlanda, Noruega e o Canadá estão há dois anos concorrendo por vagas permanentes no 
conselho de segurança da ONU. 
B ( ) os países querem participar do conselho de segurança para ter acesso, relevância e influência. 
C ( ) a temporada de campanhas significa muitas festas e eventos na sede da ONU em Nova Iorque. 
D ( ) os países estão concorrendo a vagas reservadas para o grupo regional da Europa ocidental e 
outros. 
E ( ) os vencedores farão parte do conselho formado por 15 membros pelo período de dois anos. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O erro da alternativa é dizer que os países estão concorrendo a vagas 
para o conselho permanente de segurança da ONU, pois o texto afirma que esses países concorrem 
a vagas temporárias no conselho de segurança. 
A alternativa B está correta. O texto diz exatamente o que é dito pela alternativa no trecho: 
“Members states get three things in return for a seat, says Adam Chapnick, a professor of defence 
studies at the Royal Military College of Canada. Those are access, relevance, and influence”. 
A alternativa C está correta. O texto diz exatamente o que é dito pela alternativa no trecho: 
“Campaign season for the contested seats means "a lot of parties, a lot of events" at the UN's 
headquarters in New York”. 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto diz exatamente o que é dito pela alternativa no trecho: “The 
seats they are campaigning for are set aside for the "Western Europe and Others" [WEOG] regional 
grouping on the council”. 
A alternativa E está correta. O texto diz exatamente o que é dito pela alternativa no trecho: “The 
winners will serve a two-year term on the 15-member body”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
49. (ITA – 2019) 
Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA. No texto, o autor afirma que 
A ( ) diplomatas foram convidados pela Irlanda a assistir um show da banda U2 em Nova Iorque. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
B ( ) diplomatas foram convidados pelo Canadá a assistir um show da Celine Dion em Nova Iorque. 
C ( ) o conselho de segurança é reponsável por garantir a paz e a segurança global. 
D ( ) a Irlanda já gastou 800.000 libras em seus esforços de campanha por um lugar no conselho de 
segurança. 
E ( ) o conselho torna os membros populares por terem acesso e influência com as maiores potências 
globais. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O texto diz isso no trecho: “In 2018, Ireland invited diplomats to a New 
York concert by Irish rockers U2”. 
A alternativa B está correta. O texto diz isso no trecho: “In 2018, Ireland invited diplomats to a New 
York concert by Irish rockers U2, and Canada did something similar for a concert by Canadian 
songstress Celine Dion this year”. 
A alternativa C está correta. O texto diz isso no trecho: “the security council, which is tasked with 
ensuring global peace and security”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no fato de dizer que a Irlanda gastou 
800.000 libras, quando, na verdade, a Irlanda gastou 800.000 dólares. 
A alternativa E está correta. O texto expressa exatamente o que é dito pela alternativa. Isso pode 
ser evidenciado no trecho: “All of a sudden you're really popular around theworld because if 
somebody else can't reach the Chinese or the Americans or the French, they know you can”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
50. (ITA – 2019) 
A palavra ou expressão sublinhada na primeira coluna pode ser substituída pela palavra ou 
expressão na segunda coluna em todas as opções, mantendo o mesmo sentido, EXCETO em: 
A ( ) The seats they are campaigning for are set aside for[…] → reserved 
B ( ) All of a sudden you're really popular around the world […]. → gradually 
C ( ) Campaign season for the contested seats means […]. → disputed 
D ( ) The winners will serve a two-year term on the 15-member body.[...] → period 
E ( ) […]Canadian songstress Celine Dion this year. → singer 
Comentários 
A alternativa A está correta. “set aside” pode ser substituído por “reserved” sem prejuízo de 
sentido, já que são palavras sinônimas e significam reservados. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “All of a sudden” está sendo usado no sentido de “de repente”. 
“Gradually” significa gradualmente e não pode substituir “all of a sudden” no contexto apresentado 
pela questão. 
 
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A alternativa C está correta. “contested” significa disputados e, nesse contexto, pode ser substituída 
por “disputed” sem prejuízo de sentido ao texto, já que “contested” tem exatamente o mesmo 
sentido de disputados. 
A alternativa D está correta. “term” é um sinônimo de “period” e o último pode substituir o primeiro 
sem nenhum prejuízo de sentido ao texto. Ambos significam período de tempo. 
A alternativa E está correta. “songstress” pode ser substituída por “singer” sem alteração de sentido 
do texto. Trata-se de palavras sinônimas que significam cantora. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
EFOMM - 2017 
Pidgins and creoles 
Pidgin Languages 
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share 
a common language, but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. 
Pidgins have been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’ languages. They have a 
limited vocabulary, a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of 
functions, compared to the languages which gave rise to them. They are the native 
language of no one, but they are nonetheless a main means of communication for millions 
of people, and a major focus of interest to those who study the way languages change. 
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in 
generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the 
reality. A pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk, 
laziness, corruption, primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: 
pidgins are demonstrably creative adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and 
rules of their own. Along with creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of 
linguistic change, as languages come into contact with each other, producing new varieties 
whose structures and uses contract and expand. They provide the clearest evidence of 
language being created and shaped by society for its own ends, as people adapt to new 
social circumstances. This emphasis on processes of change is reflected in the terms 
pidginization and creolization. 
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and 
Portuguese – reflecting the history of colonialism. However, this observation may be the 
result only of our ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or 
South-east Asia, where situations of language contact are frequent. One of the best-known 
non-European pidgins is Chinook Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in 
north-west USA. Another is Sango, a pidginized variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-
central Africa. 
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last for very long – 
sometimes for only a few years, and rarely for more than a century. They die when the 
original reason for communication diminishes or disappears, as communities move apart, or 
one community learns the language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop 
 
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into a creole.) The pidgin French which was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the 
French left; similarly, the pidgin English which appeared during the American Vietnam 
campaign virtually disappeared as soon as the war was over. But there are exceptions. The 
pidgin known as Mediterranean Lingua Franca, or Sabir, began in the Middle Ages and 
lasted until the 20th century. 
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of communication between languages that 
they have developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may even be 
given official status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases are known as ‘expanded 
pidgins’, because of the way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the needs 
of their users, and have come to be used in a much wider range of situations than 
previously. In time, these languages may come to be used on the radio, in the press, and 
may even develop a literature of their own. Some of the most widely used expanded pidgins 
are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian Pidgin English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New 
Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the most widely used language in the country. 
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344). 
 
51. (EFOMM – 2017) 
In line 65, “(...) they have added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users (...)”, the 
phrasal verb in bold is closest in meaning to: 
( a ) foresee 
( b ) support 
( c ) respect 
( d ) realize 
( e ) handle 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Foresee” é um verbo que significa: antecipar determinado 
acontecimento ou informação. Este termo não substitui adequadamente o phrasal verb em 
questão. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Support” é um verbo que significa: dar apoio. Este termo 
não substitui adequadamente o phrasal verb em questão. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Respect” é um verbo que significa: respeitar. Este termo não 
substitui adequadamente o phrasal verb em questão. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “realize” é um verbo que significa: perceber, dar-se conta de 
algo. Este termo não substitui adequadamente o phrasal verb em questão. 
A alternativa E está correta. “handle” é um verbo que significa: manejar, gerenciar, 
administrar ou lidar com uma situação. “to cope with” significa: assimilar, lidar com uma 
situação. Portanto, existe uma proximidade de significação entre eles. 
 
52. (EFOMM – 2017) 
Which option can NOT be inferred from the text? A pidgin language is: 
( a ) a simplified means of linguistic communication. 
( b ) the native language of a speech community. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
( c ) employed in situations such as commerce. 
( d ) a contact language. 
( e ) constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. 
 
A alternativa A está correta. O seguinte trecho corrobora esta afirmação: “They have a 
limited vocabulary, a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of 
functions, compared to the languages which gave rise to them” 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que “pidgin language” não é língua nativa de 
ninguém. Isso se evidencia no trecho: “They are the native language of no one”. 
A alternativa C está correta. O texto diz que o comércio é um dos motivos para o 
surgimento de uma “pidgin language”. Isso é visto no trecho: “A pidgin is a system of 
communication which has grown up among people who do not share a common language, 
but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto afirma que a “pidgin language” é uma língua de 
contato no trecho: “the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or South-eastAsia, where situations of language contact are frequent”. 
A alternativa E está correta. O texto diz que essas línguas são desenvolvidas a partir de 
convenções feitas entre pessoas que precisam se comunicar. “A pidgin is not a language 
which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk, laziness, corruption, primitive 
thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: pidgins are demonstrably creative 
adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and rules of their own”. 
 
 
 
 
Adele - Someone Like You 
 
I heard that you're settled down 
That you found a girl and you're married now 
I heard that your dreams came true 
Guess she gave you things, I didn't give to you 
Old friend, why are you so shy? 
Ain't like you to hold back or hide from the light 
 
I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited 
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it 
I had hoped you'd see my face 
And that you'd be reminded that for me, it isn't over 
(Adapted from https://www.letras.mus.br/adele/1778689/) 
 
 
 
53. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
What is the main verb tense used in the first paragraph of the text above? 
 
a) Present Perfect. 
b) Past Perfect. 
c) Simple Present. 
d) Past Perfect Continuous. 
e) Simple Past. 
 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O tempo verbal predominante no primeiro parágrafo do texto é o 
simple past. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O tempo verbal predominante no primeiro parágrafo do texto é o 
simple past. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O tempo verbal predominante no primeiro parágrafo do texto é o 
simple past. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O tempo verbal predominante no primeiro parágrafo do texto é o 
simple past. 
A alternativa E está correta. 
“Heard” é o passado do verbo hear (ouvir), “settled down” é o passado de settle down (sossegar), 
“found” é o passado de find (encontrar), “came true” é o passado de come true (tornar-se 
realidade), gave é o passado de give (dar). Todos os verbos citados anteriormente estão no simple 
past. 
GABARITO: E 
 
54. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
In the excerpt “I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited” the expression in bold means 
 
a) blue as the sky. 
b) unexpectedly. 
c) once in a blue moon. 
d) rarely. 
e) promptly. 
 
 
 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “out of the blue” não significa blue as the sky (azul como 
o céu). 
 
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A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “out of the blue” significa aparecer do nada, sem aviso. 
E portanto, é sinônimo de inesperadamente (unexpectedly) 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “once in a blue moon” significa raramente e portanto, 
não é sinônimo de “out of the blue” que significa inesperadamente. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O advérbio “raraly” (raramente) não é sinônimo de “out of the blue” 
que significa inesperadamente. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O advérbio “promptly” (prontamente) não é sinônimo de “out of the 
blue” que significa inesperadamente. 
GABARITO: B 
 
55. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
Choose the option that contains only uncountable nouns 
a) beauty, iron, information, newspaper, baggage. 
b) beauty, bee, information, newspaper, wool. 
c) song, iron, information, paper, wool. 
d) song, bee, information, newspaper, baggage. 
e) beauty, iron, information, paper, wool. 
 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Newspaper = jornal (contável) 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Bee = abelha e Newspaper = jornal (contáveis) 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Song = música (contável). Cuidado, pois o substantivo “music” é 
incontável. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Song = música, Bee = abelha e Newspaper = jornal (contáveis) 
A alternativa E está correta. Todos os substantantivos da lista são incontáveis. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
 
Text IV 
 
There’s no end to the benefits of donating blood for those who need it. 
 
According to the American Red Cross, one donation can save as many as three lives, and someone 
in the United States needs blood every two seconds. 
It turns out that donating blood doesn’t just benefit recipients. There are health benefits for donors, 
too, on top of the benefits that come from helping others. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Donating blood has benefits for your emotional and physical health. According to a report by the 
Mental Health Foundation, helping others can: reduce stress, improve your emotional well-being, 
benefit your physical health, help get rid of negative feelings, provide a sense of belonging and 
reduce isolation. 
Research has found further evidence of the health benefits that come specifically from donating 
blood. 
 
56. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
“According to a report by the Mental Health Foundation, helping others can: reduce stress, […], help 
get rid of negative feelings […]”. The expression “get rid of” in bold in the text means 
 
a) put away 
b) throw away 
c) put up with 
d) find out 
e) work out 
 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. put away = guardar, prender. 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “to get rid of” significa “livrar-se de” e portanto é 
sinônimo de “to throw away” que significa “jogar fora”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. put up with = tolerar. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. find out = descobrir. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. work out = malhar (academia). 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
57. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
“They could spend two hours improving their health by exercising,” 
The underlined word can be replaced by: 
a) coming up with 
b) puting up with 
c) puting away 
d) turning down 
e) brushing up on 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Come up with significa pensar/falar algo novo ou aparecer com algo 
e portanto não se encaixa no contexto. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Put up with = tolerar, aguentar algo ou alguém. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Put away = guardar. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Turn down = recusar. 
A alternativa E está correta. Brush up on = improve = get better (melhorar). É Exatamente o que o 
texto diz, melhor sua saúde através de exercícios. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
 
 
Brexit was meant to make Britain global. It has made us friendless 
It is not a secret that Britain is leaving the EU. The coronavirus crisis has dominated 2020 but not 
obliterated memory of the years before. Still, to be on the safe side, the government is spending 
£93m on a Brexit refresher campaign with the slogan “check, change, go”. 
This is aimed at people who have dealings with Europe and might be under the illusion that it will 
be as easy in the future as it has been in the past. No one has done more to cultivate that 
misapprehension than Boris Johnson. The government’s new message on Brexit is to disregard what 
the prime minister used to say on the subject. 
The essential issue here is that Brexit can make EU membership go away, but not the EU itself. When 
the only problem was being inside, escape was the only solution worth talking about. Hardline 
Eurosceptics were no more bothered by the issue of how an ex-member state might manage 
relations with Brussels than arsonists are interested in what to do with ashes. 
As a result of that complacency, the UK does not have a policy towards the EU, only an impulse away 
from it and that is of fading relevance. No one followed us out. The fire didn’t catch. 
It is important to distinguish strategic European policy from the detail of borders, tariffs and 
regulations. The UK has a detailed agenda for that stuff and negotiations are ongoing. If those talks 
fail, there is always the World Trade Organization (as Brexit ultras never tire of pointing out). But 
even if it were economically sensible to fall back on WTO rules (and it isn’t), thequestion of Britain’s 
geopolitical alignment would still remain unanswered. 
The rubric for the current talks is “the future relationship”, but the UK has narrowed the discussion 
to exclude everything apart from trade. Johnson took foreign policy, security and defence 
cooperation – the stuff of which international alliances are made – off the table. European leaders 
were baffled by that choice, which seemed to defer discussion of something no less urgent than fish 
quotas and customs declarations, and more important in the long term. 
The UK position is consistent with the Eurosceptic doctrine of pristine sovereignty. In that view, EU 
institutions eat national power. Every programme, even something as ostensibly benign as the 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Erasmus scheme for student exchanges, is a trap. The whole point of new “global” Britain, as an 
upgrade from the old European version, is that it is freer to deal with other global players peer-to-
peer. 
The limitations of that approach are quickly becoming clear. In January, the government announced 
that it would allow Huawei, the Chinese telecoms company, a limited role in developing British 5G 
infrastructure. Yesterday, the limit became an exclusion, starting next year. 
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain, with good reason, that Huawei 
has the potential to be a conduit for Beijing security interests and want its kit stripped out of the 
network even sooner. The more decisive factor is US sanctions against the company and the demand 
from Washington that Britain be more demonstrative in its transatlantic loyalty. The unambiguous 
message from the White House is that trade and security policy are intertwined. A country that 
wants a deal to access US markets can expect to have its foreign investment relations vetted for 
intimacy with undesirable states. Beijing has warned of trade retaliation against countries deemed 
hostile to Huawei. 
Any prime minister would prioritise the security alliance with the US over a commercial deal with 
China. But Johnson happens to be the first prime minister to be confronted with the choice in stark, 
binary terms, because his trade policy is a blank sheet of paper and Donald Trump is holding the 
pen. 
As an EU member, Britain’s trade deals were brokered by the European commission, which 
mobilised the scale of the single market – 28 countries; 450 million consumers – as leverage in 
negotiations. That is what concessions in national sovereignty buy, and every government that has 
felt the benefits considers it a price worth paying. The UK was no exception. David Cameron was a 
casual Tory Eurosceptic, happy to play-fight against Brussels banditry, but when the choice became 
real he campaigned to remain. Would Johnson have been a leaver if his Downing Street ambitions 
had come to fruition five years earlier and he had spent some time hobnobbing with fellow heads 
of government at EU summits? I doubt it. 
In less volatile times an independent seat at the WTO would have been meagre compensation for 
losing Britain’s influence as one of the big three EU members. As international trade policy gets ever 
deeper submerged in geopolitical manoeuvres, that swap looks like the worst part-exchange in 
strategic history, even if you throw in a new royal yacht and call it Britannia. 
Johnson knows it, too. If the prime minister thought the WTO was where the action happens, he 
would nominate a credible, intelligent statesman with a reputation for probity as Britain’s candidate 
to be the next director general. He offered Liam Fox instead. (Fox will not get the job.) 
The UK is sliding into a strategic void because its only foreign policy is a plan that devalues old 
European alliances and shifts the balance of power to other continents when trying to make new 
deals. Johnson cannot address this challenge without exposing the basic flaw in Brexit, which is that 
the sovereignty he so jealously demands from Brussels buys no clout in Washington, Beijing or 
anywhere else. 
The UK national interest requires a new strategic partnership with the EU, but Johnson refuses even 
to include that concept in the negotiation. The obstacle used to be confidence that Britain had no 
need of Europe. It looks now more like fear of admitting how much of Europe Britain still needs. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/15/brexit-britain-
partnership-boris-johnson) 
 
58. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
What word could replace the word “misapprehension” in the second paragraph? 
a) mistake 
b) culture 
c) made up 
d) misconception 
e) unapprehension 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “mistake” significa erro. Já “misapprehension” significa má 
compreensão. Portanto, não se pode dizer que “mistake” poderia substituir “misapprehension”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “culture” significa cultura. Já “misapprehension” significa má 
compreensão. Portanto, não se pode dizer que “culture” poderia substituir “misapprehension”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “made up” significa inventado. Já “misapprehension” significa má 
compreensão. Portanto, não se pode dizer que “made up” poderia substituir “misapprehension”. 
A alternativa D está correta. “misconception” significa exatamente o mesmo que 
“misapprehension” nesse contexto, ou seja, mal entendido. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “unapprehension” não existe em inglês. Já “misapprehension” 
significa má compreensão. Portanto, não se pode dizer que “unapprehension” poderia substituir 
“misapprehension”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
59. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
“is that it is freer to deal with other global players peer-to-peer.” in paragraph 7, the word in bold 
refers to 
a) European version 
b) Upgrade 
c) “global” Britain 
d) Point 
e) Trap 
 
 139 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
Comentários: 
O período inicia falando que a razão da nova Bretanha “global”, como uma atualização da antiga 
versão europeia, é que ela – e aqui é que surge o “it”, que está retomando a Bretanha “global”- é 
mais livre para lidar com outros players globais. Isso nos leva ao gabarito de letra C. 
GABARITO: C 
 
60. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
Which option completes the paragraph below correctly? 
An engineer I worked _____ told me he was impressed because I could deal ______ aggressive dogs. 
He had no ideia what workshops I had attended ______. That’s why I could walk ______ those dogs. 
(A) With / of / to / - 
(B) At / from / about / with 
(C) With / with / of / - 
(D) With / for/ to / with 
(E) With / with / to / - 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “with”. A frase quer dizer que eu podia lidar com cães 
agressivos. Who deals, deals with someone/something. Quem lida, lida com alguém ou alguma 
coisa. Portanto, a regência do verbo “deal” pede a preposição “with”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “with”. A frase quer dizer que eu trabalhava com 
alguém. Who works, works with someone. Quem trabalha, trabalha com alguém. Portanto, a 
regência do verbo “work” pede a preposição “with”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. Trata-se da regência do verbo “to attend”. Who 
attends, attends to something. Que participa, participa de alguma coisa. Então, a preposição “to” é 
exigida pelo verbo “to attend”. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “-”. Ao dizer a expressão caminhar com cães ou levar o 
cachorro para passear, em inglês, dizemos “walk the dog”, ou seja, não se usa preposição alguma 
para essa situação. 
Temos a sequência: with / with / to / - 
GABARITO: E 
 
61. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
Mark the CORRECT alternative. 
“Huawei has the potential to be a conduit for Beijing security interests and want its kit stripped out 
of the network even sooner.” (paragraph 9) 
If something is stripped out, it means that 
A)it’s something that lost its clothes in the network. 
 
 140 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
B) it’s something withdrawn from their network. 
C) it’s something broken in their network. 
D) it’s something that needs to be assessed in their network. 
E) it’s something bathed in the network. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A alternativa diz que é algo que perdeu suas roupas, o que não tem 
nada a ver com o contexto apresentado, que fala sobre tecnologia. 
A alternativa B está correta. Trata-se de algo retirado, pois os kits da Huawei precisam ser retirados 
da rede. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Essa alternativa diz que trata-se de algo quebrado na rede, mas na 
verdade, precisa-se retirar os kits da rede. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A alternativa diz que é algo que precisa ser avaliado, mas na verdade, 
é algo que precisa ser retirado da rede. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Essa alternativa diz que é algo que é banhado na rede, e isso não tem 
absolutamente nenhum sentido no contexto apresentado. 
GABARITO: B 
 
62. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
Mark the alternative which has the sentence below correctly reported. 
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
The author 
A) replied: “the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain” 
B) said that the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained. 
C) asked the readers if the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
D) asked readers if the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained. 
E) said the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. No “reported speech”, não se usa dois pontos para uma citação, mas 
sim a pessoa que está reportando dá a informação de maneira fluida. Exemplo: “He said that he saw 
me in the restaurant yesterday” (ele disse que me viu no restaurante ontem). 
A alternativa B está correta. A alternativa usa o reported speech de forma correta, pois “volta” um 
tempo verbal em direção ao passado na hora de reportar aquilo que foi dito. A frase original estava 
no present simple, logo a frase foi reportada usando o Past Simple (said/followed/complained). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro da alternativa consiste no fato de que o autor não perguntou 
nada aos leitores, mas sim disse. Portanto, o reported speech deveria começar com “said” ao invés 
de “asked”. 
 
 141 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Mais uma vez o erro está em dizer que o autor perguntou algo, dessa 
vez aos passageiros. O autor não perguntou nada, apenas disse. Portanto, o reported speech deveria 
começar com “said” ao invés de “asked”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa foi não alterar o tempo verbal na hora de 
reportar a informação. No trecho original, verbo usado foi “follows” (simple present) e “complain” 
(simple present), logo, no reported speech deve-se usar “followed” e “complained” (past simple). 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
Singapore overtakes US as world’s most competitive economy 
Sherisse Pham 
 Singapore has knocked the United States out of top spot in the World Economic Forum’s 
annual competitiveness report. 
 The index takes stock of an economy’s competitive landscape, measuring factors such as 
macroeconomic stability, the infrastructure, the labor market and the innovation capability. 
 Singapore pushed the world lergest economy down to second place this year. Hong Kong, the 
Netherlands and Switzerland rounded out the top five. Hong Kong climbed four spots from last 
year’s report, despite the political crisis taking a toll on its economy. The financial hub received high 
marks for its macroeconomic stability and financial system, but fell short on its capability to 
innovate. 
Adapted from CNN.com 
63. (EEAR – BCT – 2021) 
The expression “taking a toll on its economy”, in bold type in the text, means that it ___________ 
on the economy. 
a) has a good impact 
b) has a desired effect 
c) has a very bad effect 
d) has an unacceptable effect 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “taking a toll” significa que a crise política cobrou um 
preço, ou gerou um prejuízo para a economia. Essa definição não tem relação com a expressão 
“has a good impact” que significa ter um bom impacto. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “taking a toll” significa que a crise política cobrou um 
preço, ou gerou um prejuízo para a economia. Essa definição não tem relação com a expressão 
“has a desired effect” que significa ter o efeito desejado. 
 
 142 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa C está correta. A expressão “taking a toll” significa que a crise política cobrou um preço, 
ou gerou um prejuízo para a economia. Essa definição tem relação com a expressão “has a very 
bad effect” que significa ter um efeito muito ruim. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “taking a toll” significa que a crise política cobrou um 
preço, ou gerou um prejuízo para a economia. Essa definição não tem relação com a expressão 
“has an unacceptable effect” que significa ter um efeito inaceitável. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
Development of world’s first autonomous, zero-emissions feeder postponed amid COVID-19 
crisis 
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the changed global outlook, the development of the 
world’s first autonomous and electric container vessel Yara Birkeland is put on hold, Norwegian 
company Yara announced. 
Yara has decided to pause further development of the vessel and will assess next steps 
together with its partners, the company stated. The hull of the Yara Birkeland vessel was launched 
to sea in Romania in February 2020. 
The ship is expected to arrive at the Norwegian shipyard in May where it will be fitted with various 
control- and navigation systems and undergo testing before delivery to Yara. 
Yara and technology company Kongsberg teamed up in 2017 with the ambition to build the 
world's first autonomous and zero-emission container vessel. 
Replacing 40,000 truck journeys a year, Yara Birkeland seeks to reduce NOx and CO2 
emissions and improve road safety in a densely populated urban area in Norway. 
(Adapted from: https://safety4sea.com) 
. 
64. (EFOMM – 2021) 
According to the article: 
a) Covid-19 pandemic urged the development of the world’s first autonomous, zero-emission 
feeder. 
b) Norwegian Company Yara issued a statement about the launching of the new watercraft fully 
manned. 
c) Unmanned craft can whittle down the discharge of foul air and greenhouse gases. 
d) Yara and Kongsberg technology company split up due to the virus outbreak. 
e) Autonomous and zero-emission feeders are salvege vessels that can stow the level of 
pollutants. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso da palavra “urged” que significa 
gerar urgência, pressa, enquanto o texto diz que a pandemia travou o desenvolvimento do navio. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso do termo “manned”. O termo 
correto seria “unmanned”, tendo em vista que o navio é autônomo. 
A alternativa C está correta. A alternativa diz que a embarcação pode reduzir a emissão de óxido 
nitroso e dióxido de carbono, exatamente como diz o texto. A alternativa apenas usa vocabulário 
diferente do usado pelo texto. 
 
 143 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro está no uso do phrasal verb “split up”, pois as empresas não 
cortaram relações ou se separaram, mas sim resolveram em conjunto colocar em espera o 
desenvolvimento do navio autônomo. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro é chamar “feeders” de navios de salvamento, pois eles são, 
na verdade, navios de carga. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
65. (EFOMM – 2021) 
 
Which of the statements are TRUE about the article 
VI.The pandemic forestalled additional improvement of thefeeder vessel. 
VII.The ship will enable a depletion of road freight and road hazards. 
VIII.The vessel will be scrapped straight away. 
IX.The norwegian shipyard went bankrupt due to the changed global outlook. 
X.The ship will be fitted with outdated controls and navigation systems. 
a) I and V 
b) IV and V 
c) II and V 
d) III and IV 
e) I and II 
Comentários: 
A afirmativa I está correta. O texto diz que o desenvolvimento do projeto foi postergado, 
exatamente o que diz a afirmativa com diferentes palavras. 
A afirmativa II está correta. O texto diz que o navio elétrico autônomo vai permitir uma diminuição 
da quantidade de jornadas de caminhão para distribuir carga e ainda diminui o perigo nas 
estradas, exatamente como diz a afirmativa. 
A afirmativa III está incorreta. O erro está em dizer que o navio será sucateado imediatamente, já 
que o texto não diz nada sobre isso. 
A afirmativa IV está incorreta. O erro está em dizer que o estaleiro norueguês faliu, já que o texto 
não diz nada sobre isso. 
 A afirmativa V está incorreta. O erro está em dizer que o navio será equipado com sistemas 
obsoletos, já que o texto diz o contrário disso. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
66. (EFOMM – 2021) 
In “[…] the world’s first autonomous and electric container vessel Yara Birkeland is put on 
hold[…]”, the idiom in bold means: 
a) Put away 
b) Put about 
c) Put off 
d) Put across 
e) Put up 
Comentários: 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “put on hold” significa colocar em espera. A expressão 
“put away” significa organizar, colocar no lugar, não havendo correlação com a expressão do 
enunciado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “put on hold” significa colocar em espera. A expressão 
“put about” não é um phrasal verb de fato, não havendo correlação com a expressão do 
enunciado. 
A alternativa C está correta. A expressão “put on hold” significa colocar em espera. A expressão 
“put off” significa adiar, postergar, havendo correlação com a expressão do enunciado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “put on hold” significa colocar em espera. A expressão 
“put across” não é um phrasal verb de fato, não havendo correlação com a expressão do 
enunciado. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “put on hold” significa colocar em espera. A expressão 
“put up” significa colocar para cima, levantar, não havendo correlação com a expressão do 
enunciado. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
Sea-Fever 
By 
John Masefield 
 
I must down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky, 
And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by, 
And the wheel’s kick and the wind’s song and the white sail’s shaking, 
And a grey mist on the sea’s face, and a grey dawn breaking. 
 
I must down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide 
Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied; 
And all I ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying, 
And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the sea-gulls crying. 
 
I must down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life, 
To the gull’s way and the whale’s way where the wind’s like a whetted knife; 
And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover, 
And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick’s over. 
By John Masefield. (1878-1967) 
 
67. (EFOMM – 2021) 
According to the text: 
(A) The title refers to a disease that could commonly occur working onboard vessels at sea. 
(B) The seagulls are crying because of the blown spume and the flung spray. 
(C) The voice of the poem has a strong desire to hear a story from a seafarer. 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
(D) The whetted knife is going to be used to cut the seagulls and the whales like the wind. 
(E) The voice of the poem wants to have an amazing adventure at sea by sailing in very bad weather. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Sea-fever” não se trata de uma doença, mas sim da saudade que o 
autor tem de estar no mar. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto usa a expressão “seagulls crying”, mas não estabelece a 
relação de causa e consequência que a alternativa estabelece. Por isso a alternativa está errada. 
A alternativa C está correta. O trecho: “And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover” 
comprova o que é dito pela alternativa, que o autor quer escutar uma história de um companheiro 
marítimo. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto diz que o vento é como uma faca afiada, enquanto a 
alternativa diz que a faca será usada para cortar baleias e gaivotas. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “very bad weather” é o que elimina a alternativa, tendo 
em vista que o autor não diz, em momento algum, que deseja navegar em tempo muito ruim. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
68. (EFOMM – 2021) 
Based on the passage below, mark the correct option. 
By the end of our first two weeks in Holland, we had fallen head over heels for the country. It's a 
historic, visual, artistic and cultural feast that is compact and easy to get around thanks to its 
efficient trains, buses and bike routes. 
(Adapted from: Sail Magazine, August 2018.) 
Considering the previous passage, the underlined phrase 'head over heels' is closest in meaning to: 
(A) Bewildered 
(B) Gleeful 
(C) At ease 
(D) In love 
(E) Stupefied 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “head over heels” é usada para dizer que se gosta muito 
de algo, ou que se apaixonou por algo. Já “bewildered” significa estar confuso, o que não tem 
relação com a expressão do enunciado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “head over heels” é usada para dizer que se gosta muito 
de algo, ou que se apaixonou por algo. Já “gleeful” significa estar alegre, o que não tem relação 
com a expressão do enunciado. 
 
 146 
AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “head over heels” é usada para dizer que se gosta muito 
de algo, ou que se apaixonou por algo. Já “at ease” significa estar à vontade, o que não tem relação 
com a expressão do enunciado. 
A alternativa D está correta. A expressão “head over heels” é usada para dizer que se gosta muito 
de algo, ou que se apaixonou por algo. “In love” significa estar apaixonado, que é o mesmo 
significado da expressão do enunciado. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “head over heels” é usada para dizer que se gosta muito 
de algo, ou que se apaixonou por algo. Já “stupefied” significa estar estupefato, o que não tem 
relação com a expressão do enunciado 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 
 
 
 
Caro aluno! Para garantir que o curso esteja atualizado, sempre que alguma mudança no 
conteúdo for necessária, uma nova versão da aula será disponibilizada. 
 
 
7.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 
https://www.inglesonline.com.br/palavras-cognatas-em-ingles/ 
https://www.todamateria.com.br/falsos-cognatos-no-ingles-false-friends/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 09 – Idioms / Phrasal Verbs 
 
8.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 
Caro(a) aluno(a), 
Parabéns por mais uma aula concluída, você acabou de encerrar a última aula do 
nosso curso extensivo de língua inglesa! 
Uma vez concluída esta aula, é importante que você tenha em mente que revisões 
são necessárias em intervalos regulares para garantir a melhor assimilação. Grife as partes 
que você julgar mais relevantes de cada aula. Dessa forma, você facilitará muito seu 
processo de revisão e assimilará a matéria de forma otimizada. 
A dinâmica que você observou nesta aula será utilizada em todas as demais do nosso 
curso. Assim, você terá sempre uma explicação clara, objetiva e direto ao ponto de todos 
os assuntos abordados, além de muitos, muitos exercícios para que você possa praticar e 
evoluir em sua preparação. 
Daremos sempre muitos bizus de prova para facilitar seu caminho até a aprovação! 
 
Eu estou à disposição no nosso Fórum de Dúvidas! Lá, eu ou 
outros membros da nossa equipe responderemos suas dúvidas em até 
24 horas!Não leve dúvidas para a sua prova! Estamos aqui para te dar 
todo o suporte necessário para que você alcance seu objetivo! 
Estamos juntos nessa caminhada, ok? 
 
Espero que você tenha gostado da aula e, acima de tudo, que esta aula tenha 
enriquecido seus conhecimentos. 
Descanse e se prepare para o nosso próximo encontro! 
 
Forte abraço, 
Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
 @prof_leonardo_pontes 
 
 Leonardo Pontes