AULA_01_-_ESA_2024_enemconcursosgaucheallfree

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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ESA 
2024 
AULA 01 
Verb Tenses 
Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
Sumário 
1. INTRODUÇÃO 4 
2. VERBO TO BE 5 
3. SIMPLE PRESENT 8 
4. SIMPLE PAST 10 
5. FUTURE: WILL X GOING TO 12 
6. GERUND 15 
7. PRESENT CONTINUOUS / PRESENT PROGRESSIVE 16 
8. PAST CONTINUOUS / PAST PROGRESSIVE 18 
9. PRESENT PERFECT 19 
10. PAST PERFECT 21 
11. FUTURE PERFECT 22 
12. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 24 
13. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS 26 
14. MODAL VERBS 28 
Verbo Modal CAN 28 
Verbo Modal Could 29 
Verbos Modais May e Might 29 
Verbo Modal Must 30 
Verbo Modal Should 30 
Verbos Modais Shall e Will 31 
Verbo Modal Would 31 
15. IMPERATIVE 32 
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16.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 33 
16.1 GABARITO 92 
17.0 - QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 93 
18.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 184 
19.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 184 
20.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 185 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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1. Introdução 
Aqui iniciamos mais uma aula de nosso curso. Não se trata de uma aula qualquer, mas 
sim da aula mais densa e com mais conteúdo essencial de todo o curso! Essa é, certamente, 
uma das mais importantes aulas para a sua preparação. Estamos falando da aula de verbos. 
Os verbos são uma classe gramatical essencial para que você compreenda textos de 
forma geral. São os verbos que te permitem identificar se determinado trecho está no presente, 
passado ou futuro. Nessa aula, nós veremos todos os tempos verbais que você precisa para 
estar 100% preparado para o concurso. Sim, eu disse TODOS os tempos verbais que você pode 
precisar na sua prova. 
Verbo é a classe gramatical responsável por exprimir ação, são a verdadeira alma da 
língua! Sem verbo, não há oração. Ao entender os verbos e suas conjugações, podemos 
entender qualquer texto com muito mais facilidade, pois eles nos mostram qual o assunto sendo 
tratado pelo texto. 
Seu trabalho aqui será estudar constantemente os tempos verbais e se familiarizar com 
eles, pois é só praticando muito que assimilamos esse tópico de forma que reconhecer e 
conjugar os verbos se torne algo mais “natural” para você. Trabalhe duro nisso! Work on it! 
Conforme dito anteriormente, os verbos são essenciais para que você possa construir um 
raciocínio e, portanto, um assunto do qual não se pode escapar, e mais do que isso, um assunto 
que precisa ser muito bem compreendido para garantir que você possa fazer uma excelente 
prova! 
Vamos começar a ver os tempos verbais, mas não sem, antes, entendermos o famosíssimo 
verbo to be. Ele é base de todos os verbos, pois é extremamente usado na Língua Inglesa e é 
um verbo irregular, por isso é bom que começemos por ele. So, let’s go! 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
2. Verbo To Be 
 O verbo to be é, provavelmente, o mais importante da Língua Inglesa, pois ele equivale 
aos verbos ser e estar da Língua Portuguesa, verbos dos mais usados em todo tipo de situações. 
 Trata-se de um verbo irregular e, por isso exige muita atenção de nossa parte, mas 
também não é motivo para preocupação, já que estudaremos esse verbo de forma eficiente 
para que você se sinta seguro para usá-lo e entendê-lo no dia do seu concurso. 
 Como dito anteriormente, o verbo to be é o equivalente dos verbos ser e estar da Língua 
Portuguesa, porém não há forma de saber em qual sentido ele está sendo usado senão pelo 
contexto específico apresentado em cada situação. 
 O verbo to be pode ser usado nas mais diversas situações, tanto na função de verbo 
principal quanto na função de verbo auxiliar em uma determinada oração. Esse verbo é irregular, 
mas não se trata de um verbo irregular qualquer, já que os verbos irregulares, por regra, 
continuam usando o mesmo radical do verbo na hora de serem conjugados, enquanto o verbo 
to be muda por inteiro. Podemos tomar como exemplo o verbo to write (escrever). Ao conjugá-
lo no simple present, temos: I write, You write, He/She/It writes, We write, You write, They write. 
Quanto ao verbo to be, observaremos como o verbo é completamente alterado na conjugação. 
No simple present, temos: 
I am, You are, He/She/It is, We are, You are, They are. Note como o verbo muda. A boa notícia 
é que esse é um caso único na Língua Inglesa, já que mesmo os verbos irregulares possuem um 
padrão muito mais simples de conjugação que o verbo to be. 
 Ao ser usado como verbo ser, geralmente encontramos adjetivos nas frases como: ela é 
bonita/feia – she is beautiful/ugly, ou para designar qual é sua profissão: eu sou um engenheiro 
– I am an engineer. 
 Já ao ser usado como verbo estar, encontraremos o verbo to be agindo como verbo de 
estado ou ainda como forma de exprimir alguma ação. Exemplos: Ela está bem – She is well 
/ Eu estou em casa – I am at home / Ele está indo ao cinema – he is going to the movies. 
 Apresentaremos todos os tempos verbais da seguinte forma: explicação, seguida das 
formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa dos verbos para garantir que você tirará o melhor 
proveito da aula. 
 O verbo to be é usado nas frases afirmativas é usado conforme vimos no exemplo da 
explicação acima: I am, You are, He/She/It is, We are, You are, They are. Pode-se observar que 
You se repete, e isso se deve ao fato de que tanto a segunda pessoa do singular, quanto a 
segunda pessoa do plural são representadas pela mesma palavra You. 
 Na forma negativa, deve-se adicionar a partícula de negação not após o verbo. Assim, 
teremos a seguinte conjugação: I am not, You are not, He/She/It is not, We are not, You are 
not, They are not. Temos ainda as contrações, que são muito comuns, tanto na escrita quanto 
na fala. Dessa forma, usando as contrações, temos a seguinte conjugação da forma negativa: 
I’m not, You aren’t, He/She/It isn’t, We aren’t, You aren’t, They aren’t. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 Temos ainda a forma interrogativa, onde a Língua Inglesa exige que invertamos a ordem 
pronome-verbo (you are) para verbo-pronome (are you?). Dessa forma, temso a seguinte 
conjugação: Am I?, Are you?, Is He/She/It?, Are we?, Are you?, Are they?. 
 Agora aprenderemos o verbo to be no Simple Past, já que sua conjugação também é 
completamente diferente de sua forma nominal no infinitivo be. 
 I am se transforma em I was, You are se transforma em You were, He/She/It is se 
transforma em He/She/It was, We are se transforma em We were, You are se transforma em You 
were e They are se transforma em They were. 
Abaixo, apresentaremos dois diferentes quadros, cada um apresentando de forma prática e 
bastante visual cada forma de usar o verbo to be (afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa), tanto no 
Simple Present quanto no Simple Past. O primeiro quadro apresentará o tempo presente, 
enquanto o segundo apresentará o tempo passado. 
 
 
 
 
 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
Agora, o esquema no passado (Verb to be in the Past), assim como no presente, vejamos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In the PAST 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
3. Simple Present 
 O Simple Present é o primeiro tempo verbal a ser aprendido por se tratar do tempo 
presente com conjugação mais simples. Ele seria o equivalente ao tempo verbal presente do 
indicativo na Língua Portuguesa. 
 Assim, esse tempo pode ser usadopara descrever fatos imutáveis ou atemporais, assim 
como fatoos que são verdadeiros no momento em que se fala, mesmo que posteriormente esse 
fato deixe de ser verdadeiro. Podemos citar alguns exemplos desses usos do Simple Present: 
people need to eat in order to survive (as pessoas precisam comer para sobreviver), dogs bark 
(cachorros latem), Technology grows day after day (a tecnologia cresce dia após dia). 
 Ainda podemos usar o Simple Present para descrever coisas que são feitas regularmente. 
Podemos fazer a seguinte pergunta: Do you drink? (você bebe?), e poderíamos ter como resposta: 
Yes, I drink. (sim, eu bebo.). Dessa forma, percebe-se que o Simple Present está sendo usado para 
definir hábitos, ou algo que se faz regularmente. Eu poderia dizer: I teach English. (eu ensino 
Inglês). Também seria uma forma de usar o Simple Present para exprimir uma ação frequente, já 
que, neste caso, estamos falando de uma profissão. 
 O Simple Present tem dois auxiliares para permitir que usemos esse tempo verbal em suas 
formas negativa e interrogativa, o Do e o Does. Os auxiliares também podem servir para dar 
ênfase a determinada ação na forma afirmativa. 
 Dessa forma, temos os auxiliares usados para ênfase na afirmativa: I do like cars! (eu 
realmente gosto de carros). Nesse caso, em português usamos a palavra realmente para dar a 
ideia de ênfase. Há outras palavras que podemos usar, e no Inglês uma das opções é o uso do 
auxiliar para enfatizar. She does work hard! (Ela realmente trabalha duro!). Nesse caso, 
observamos o uso do auxiliar does para dar ênfase. O sujeito She exige o uso do Does ao invés do 
Do. 
 Na negativa, usamos os auxiliares para designar a forma negativa da frase. Do e Does se 
transformam em Don’t e Doesn’t. Dessa forma, conseguimos negar determinada sentença. I don’t 
like cars. (eu não gosto de carros.), She doesn’t work hard. (ela não trabalha duro.). Observe que 
usamos as mesmas sentenças que usamos para exemplificar a ênfase na afirmativa. Isso é para 
que você possa perceber como usar o tempo verbal em cada uma de suas formas, já que este 
formato se aplica a qualquer sentença no simple present. 
 Na interrogativa, os auxiliares são os responsáveis por transformar a sentença em uma 
pergunta, e fazemos isso ao inverter a ordem natural da sentença na afirmativa. O pronome passa 
a ser posicionado depois do auxiliar, ao invés de antes, como fazemos na afirmativa e na 
interrogativa. Do I like cars? (eu gosto de carros?), Does she work hard? (ela trabalha duro?). 
 Ao longo da aula, observaremos essa lógica de uso do auxiliar em todos os tempos verbais. 
O verbo conjugado de forma direta na afirmativa, o uso do auxiliar para transformar a sentença 
em negativa, e a inversão da posição natural do auxiliar para transformar a sentença em 
interrogativa. 
 Um detalhe importante da conjugação dos verbos é o fato de que a terceira pessoa do 
singular (He/She/It) sempre pedirem os verbos acompanhados do sufixo “S”, “ES” ou “IES”. É por 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
isso que para a terceira pessoa do singular, usa-se o auxiliar Does ao invés de Do. Note que Does, 
nada mais é do que o auxiliar Do acrescido do sufixo “ES”. Isso sempre acontecerá no Simple Past. 
Se dizemos I work, devemos dizer He works, She works ou It works quando usamos a terceira 
pessoa do singular. 
 Vejamos, como exemplo, o verbo to study (estudar), conjugado em todas as pessoas do 
singular e plural nas três formas – afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa no Simple Present: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agora, vamos aos estudos do tempo Past Simple e suas particularidades. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
4. Simple Past 
 O Simple Past é o tempo verbal que indica o passado em sua forma mais simples, ou seja, 
algo que aconteceu e já se encerrou, assim como um evento que passou ou uma história que 
aconteceu e já se encerrou. 
 Muitas vezes, vemos as frases no Simple Past acompanhadas por alguma expressão que 
indica tempo definido. Algumas dessa expressões são: Yesterday (ontem), last (último), ago 
(atrás, no sentido de tempo decorrido), entre outras. Essas expressões ajudam a ambientar 
aquele que está recebendo a mensagem sobre quando aquilo aconteceu. Essas expressões 
também se mostram importantíssimas na hora de resolver questões com preenchimento de 
lacunas, pois ao ver uma dessas expressões, você já saberá que a frase está no Simple Past. 
 No Simple Past, usamos o auxiliar Did para designar o tempo passado, além de usá-lo para 
transformar sentenças em negativas ou interrogativas, da mesma forma que fazemos no Simple 
Present. 
 Na afirmativa, ao invés de usarmos o auxiliar, apenas conjugamos o verbo diretamente. Os 
verbos regulares são conjugados no Simple Past ao se acrescentar o sufixo “D” ou “-ED” ao final 
do verbo. Podemos usar como exemplo o verbo to work, que no Simple Past se conjuga worked. 
She works in the factory (ela trabalha na fábrica) / She worked in the factory (ela trabalhou na 
fábrica). Conjugamos o verbo to work da seguinte forma: I worked, you worked, he/she/it 
worked, we worked, you worked, they worked. 
 Se o verbo terminar em vogal + a letra “y”, recebem “ed” – He played baseball (Ele jogou 
beisebol). Mas, se terminar em consoante + a letra “y”, troca-se o “y”por “ied” – She cried 
yesterday. (Ela chorou ontem – verbo to cry – chorar). Caso o verbo termine com a sequência 
consoante/vogal/consoante, se dobra a última consoante e também acrescenta “ed” - I preferred 
the blue pen. (Eu preferi a caneta azul – verbo to prefer – preferir). Se o verbo terminar com a 
vogal “e”, simplesmente recebe “d” – He arrived yesterday. (Ele chegou ontem – verbo to arrive 
– chegar). 
 Na negativa, usamos o Did da mesma forma que usamos o Do e o Does no Simple Present. 
Ao transformarmos em negativa a frase “She worked in the factory” (ela trabalhou na fábrica), 
usaremos o Did not (didn’t) entre o sujeito (she) e o verbo (to work) no infinitivo da seguinte 
forma: She didn’t work in the factory (ela não trabalhou na fábrica). 
 Na interrogativa, também usamos o Did da mesma forma que usamos o Do e o Does no 
Simple Present. Ao transformarmos em interrogativa a frase “She worked in the factory” (ela 
trabalhou na fábrica), usaremos o Did antes do sujeito (she) e retornaremos o verbo para o 
infinitivo (work). Did she work in the factory? (ela trabalhou na fábrica?). 
 Explicarei, agora, o que acontece quando os verbos são irregulares. Felizmente, são 
minoria e isso colabora com seus estudos. Verbos irregulares são aqueles em que as conjugações 
no tempo Past Simple sofrem diversas alterações, como mudança das letras (por exemplo o verbo 
to write – escrever – se torna wrote), acréscimo de letras (por exemplo o verbo to hear – ouvir – 
se transforma em heard), entre outras modificações que acontecem. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 Alguns verbos mudam completamente, como é o caso do verbo to buy – comprar – se 
transforma em bought e o verbo to be – ser/estar – que se transforma em was/were para singular 
e plural. Por causa dessas transformações nos verbos irregulares, muitas pessoas acreditam que 
eles sejam difíceis ou complicados. 
 Na realidade, não são verbos difíceis. Com a prática de leitura e exercícios, você vai se 
familiarizando com eles e, em pouco tempo, eles deixarão de ser um problema para você. Afinal, 
eles representam uma pequena parcela de todos os verbos da Língua Inglesa, aproximadamente 
10 a 15% dos verbos são irregulares. Os mais usados tornam-se rapidamente conhecidos por você, 
e logo você estará imune a pegadinhas da banca com verbos irregulares. 
 Vejamos exemplos do verbo to study, conjugado nas três formas – afirmativa, negativa e 
interrogativa no tempo Past Simple:O esquema ajuda a compreender melhor e memorizar cada estrutura, os auxiliares e, 
consequentemente, lembrar das formas afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas quando aparecer 
nas frases dos textos no dia da prova. 
 Vamos testar seus conhecimentos de tempo futuro agora. Let’s go! 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
5. Future: Will x Going To 
 O Inglês tem, basicamente, duas formas para designar futuro. Uma delas é usando o 
auxiliar Will para designar tempo futuro, da mesma forma que se usa o Did para designar passado. 
Outra forma possível é a utilização da estrutura going to seguida do verbo principal. 
 A conjugação dos verbos no futuro é extremamente simples, apenas se coloca o auxiliar 
Will seguido do verbo no infinitivo. O mesmo vale para a estrutura going to, basta colocar o verbo 
principal após a estrutura no infinitivo. 
 A principal dúvida dos estudantes de Língua Inglesa é quando utilizar cada um deles. 
Embora possamos escutar todo tipo de estrutura possível no inglês falado, há regras sobre 
quando utilizar um ou outro. Mas fique tranquilo, não é nada complicado e vou explicar de forma 
bem simples para você. 
 
 O Will é usado sempre que algo é decidido exatamente naquele momento em que se fala 
(de repente) ou quando se quer expressar algo no futuro com um determinado grau de incerteza. 
Podemos observar nas provas o uso de algumas palavras e expressões que ajudam a dar essa ideia 
de incerteza contida no uso do auxiliar Will. Algumas delas são: I think (eu acho), probably 
(provavelmente), I guess (eu acho), maybe (talvez). Essas palavras ou expressões, quando usadas 
no tempo futuro, são muito associadas ao auxiliar Will, já que todas elas ajudam a passar uma 
ideia de incerteza. 
 Para exemplificar, podemos usar a seguinte frase: I will probably work next Sunday. (eu, 
provavelmente, trabalharei no domingo). Podemos dar outro exemplo: He will maybe take a day 
off tomorrow. (ele talvez tirará o dia de folga amanhã). 
 Toda regra tem exceções, mas via de regra, utilizaremos o going to quando estivermos 
falando de um futuro planejado, de algo com grau de certeza maior. Quando se diz: I am going 
to do my homework tonight. (eu vou fazer meu trabalho de casa esta noite), o simples fato de 
usar o going to, leva a crer que já tenho meu dia planejado e que farei o trabalho de casa durante 
a noite, e não que decidi naquele momento quando faria o trabalho de casa. 
 As frases afirmativas são formadas por um sujeito, o auxiliar will, um verbo principal e o 
complemento. They will play soccer tomorrow in the afternoon (Eles jogarão futebol amanhã à 
tarde). 
 As frases interrogativas são formadas pelo auxiliar will no início da frase, um sujeito, um 
verbo principal e o complemento (onde, quando aconteceu, com quem, porque ou qualquer outra 
informação), exemplos: Will you go to the party? Will he go to the party? (Você vai à festa? Ele 
vai à festa?) 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 As frases negativas são formadas por um sujeito, auxiliar will not ou abreviado won’t, um 
verbo principal e o complemento (onde, quando aconteceu, com quem, porque ou qualquer outra 
informação), exemplos: I won’t do the job. She won’t run. (Eu não farei o trabalho. Ela não 
correrá.) 
 Vejamos exemplos do verbo to study, conjugado no futuro simples com Will no “esquema” 
em todas as formas – afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa para fixar melhor. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Como já vimos anteriormente, o going to é usado para exprimir uma ideia no tempo futuro 
que possui maior grau de certeza, por exemplo: I’m going to buy a house next year (eu vou 
comprar uma casa ano que vem). Comprar uma casa não é algo que se faz de repente, mas algo 
planejado. Nesse caso, é indicado o uso do going to ao invés do will. 
 Também se usa o going to quando damos um palpite sobre o que vai acontecer no futuro, 
por exemplo: It’s going to be an excellent week for me! (será uma excelente semana para mim!). 
 As frases afirmativas são formadas por um sujeito + o verbo to be como auxiliar de cada 
sujeito (I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are) + going to + o verbo principal e o 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
complemento. She is going to do the test tomorrow (Ela vai fazer o teste amanhã), onde she é o 
sujeito, is é o verbo to be concordando com o sujeito, going to é o que caracteriza o tempo futuro, 
do é o verbo principal, the test tomorrow é o complemento. 
 As frases negativas são formadas por um sujeito + verbo to be + Not + going to + verbo 
principal + complemento. She is not going to do the test tomorrow (ela não vai fazer o teste 
amanhã), onde she é o sujeito, is é o verbo to be concordando com o sujeito, not é o que 
caracteriza a negativa, going to é o que caracteriza o tempo futuro, do é o verbo principal, the 
test tomorrow é o complemento. 
 Nas frases interrogativas, temos o verbo to be sendo posicionado a frente do sujeito, pois 
como já estudamos, é essa inversão que caracteriza uma interrogativa na Língua Inglesa. Elas são 
formadas pelo verbo to be + sujeito + going to + verbo principal + complemento. Is she going to 
do the test tomorrow? (ela vai fazer o teste amanhã?), onde is é o verbo to be concordando com 
o sujeito, she é o sujeito, going to é o que caracteriza o tempo futuro, do é o verbo principal, the 
test tomorrow é o complemento. 
 Vejamos exemplos do verbo to study, conjugado no futuro com going to, em todas as 
formas – afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa para você fixar melhor. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 Agora, estudaremos o gerúndio em nossa aula. Ele será muito utilizado em tempos verbais 
que estudaremos mais adiante. Let’s do this! 
6. Gerund 
O gerúndio é uma forma verbal importantíssima na Língua Inglesa. Ele nos possibilita 
montar muitas estruturas e formar diferentes tempos verbais. 
A formação do gerúndio consiste na colocação do sufixo -ing no verbo no infitivo (sem to). 
Para exemplificar, temos o verbo to work, o gerúndio dele é working. Usamos o gerúndio em 
diferentes situações, uma delas é para transmitir a ideia de que algo ainda está em andamento, 
acontecendo ou uma determinada ação prolongada. O gerúndio também é usado para 
transformar verbos em substantivos, pode ainda ser sujeito de orações, predicado ou 
complemento de verbos. 
Para formar tempos verbais Continuous (ações em andamento), precisaremos usar sempre 
o gerúndio, além de outras situações específicas como: 
• O gerúndio é sempre utilizado após preposições. Thanks for coming today! 
(obrigado por vir hoje). Podemos observar pela tradução que o verbo está no 
infinitivo, não no gerúndio. Mas em inglês, não se usa verbo no infinitivo após 
preposição. 
• Também usamos o gerúndio após os verbos come and go. Will you come running 
with me? (Você vem correr comigo?). I love to go fishing! (eu adoro ir pescar!). 
• O gerúndio também pode transformar os verbos em substantivos sujeitos de 
oração. Reading is a powerful way to increase vocabulary (a leitura é um jeito 
poderoso de aumentar vocabulário). 
Há casos em que os verbos, necessitam -ing quando há duas ações, ou seja, dois verbos 
em uma só frase. São esses os exemplos: “to admit, to avoid, to appreciate, to consider, to 
continue, to delay, to detest, to deny, to dislike, to enjoy, to escape, to finish, to forgive, to 
imagine, to include, to keep, to mention, to miss, to practice, to recommend, to resist, to risk, to 
suggest, to try, to understand e to quit.” 
Esses verbos, quando inseridos em frases, necessitam que o segundo verbo, logo após eles, 
tenha o acréscimo de -ing. I avoid drinking too much (eu evito beber demais).I practice rowing 
(eu pratico remo). Existe uma regra em que os verbos terminados pela letra “e”, perdem o “e”, 
ao usar -ing. São exemplos os verbos to drive (dirigir) e to behave (comportar-se), She is driving 
now (Ela está dirigindo agora) e He is behaving well (Ele está se comportando bem). 
Após algumas expressões, precisamos usar o -ing como regra também. São elas: “ can’t 
stand, it’s worth, be used to, can’t help, feel like, it’s no good, look forward to, what about, how 
about, it’s no use, in spite of.” Vejamos exemplos: “It’s worth doing it” (Vale a pena fazer isso), “I 
can’t stand explaining you something thousands of times” (Não aguento explicar a você a mesma 
coisa mil vezes). 
 Vejamos exemplos de alguns verbos, em forma de “esquema” no Gerúndio, conforme as 
regras e exemplos de como melhor usar, de acordo com a teoria e explicações estudadas. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Present Continuous / Present Progressive 
 Como foi dito anteriormente, o gerúndio é muito importante para a construção de vários 
tempos verbais, o Present Continuous é um deles. Esse tempo verbal é formado pela estrutura 
sujeito + verbo to be + verbo principal no gerúndio + complemento. Dessa forma, temos como 
exemplo: She is working (ela está trabalhando). 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 As frases afirmativas são formadas pela estrutura citada acima sujeito + verbo to be + verbo 
principal no gerúndio + complemento. They are studying at the moment (eles estão estudando 
no momento) 
 As negativas são formadas pelo sujeito + verbo to be + not + verbo principal no gerúndio + 
complemento. She is not studying hard enough for the test (ela não está estudando duro o 
suficiente para a prova) 
 As interrogativas são formadas pelo verbo to be + sujeito + verbo principal no gerúndio + 
complemento. Lembrando que essa inversão entre o sujeito e o verbo to be é necessária para 
designar a interrogativa. Are they studying at the moment? (eles estão estudando no 
momento?). 
 Vejamos exemplos do verbo to study, no Present Continuous: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vamos agora ao estudo do Past Continuous. 
 
 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
8. Past Continuous / Past Progressive 
Esse tempo verbal é conhecido tanto como Past continuous, quanto como past 
progressive. A principal diferença desse tempo para o Present Continuous é que este tempo trata 
de uma ação que esteve em progressão no passado, não no presente. Ele é composto pelo verbo 
to be conjugado no Simple Past seguido do verbo principal no gerúndio. 
As frases afirmativas são compostas por um sujeito + vebo to be no Simple Past + verbo 
principal no gerúndio + complemento. We were working together (Nós estávamos trabalhando 
juntos). 
As frases negativas são compostas por um sujeito + vebo to be no Simple Past + not + verbo 
principal no gerúndio + complemento. We weren’t working together (Nós não estávamos 
trabalhando juntos). 
As frases interrogativas são compostas pelo verbo to be no Simple Past + sujeito + verbo 
principal no gerúndio + complemento. Lembrando que essa inversão entre sujeito e verbo to be é 
necessária para caracterizar a interrogativa. Were we working together? (Nós estávamos 
trabalhando juntos?). 
Vejamos nosso “esquema”, com o verbo to study, conjugado no Past Continuous. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
9. Present Perfect 
O Present Perfect é um tempo verbal que tem fama de difícil, mas, na verdade, o que mais 
incomoda as pessoas é o fato de não haver um tempo verbal correspondente em Língua 
Portuguesa. Tudo que precisamos entender é sua estrutura e em quais situações usar. Dessa 
forma, você se livrará de uma vez por todas do fantasma do Present Perfect. :) 
Esse tempo verbal é usado em situações que tem acontecido com frequência recentemente. 
I have been happy recently (eu tenho estado feliz ultimamente). Outro uso bastante comum para 
este tempo verbal é em situações que acabaram de acontecer. They have just left (eles acabaram 
de sair). 
Outra situação em que se usa o Present Perfect é quando se quer falar de algo no passado 
que não tem um tempo definido de quando aconteceu, ou por quanto tempo aconteceu. I have 
played soccer for a long time (eu joguei futebol por muito tempo). 
A estrutura do Present Perfect é um sujeito + Have/Has + verbo principal no particípio + 
complemento. Have/Has são os auxiliares usados para configurar o tempo verbal Present Perfect. 
Has deve ser usado quando o sujeito for da terceira pessoa do singular (He/She/It), nos outros 
casos, usa-se sempre o Have. O particípio ou Past Participle dos verbos regulares é formado ao se 
acrescentar o sufixo -ed ao final do verbo, exatamente como no Simple Past. Já nos verbos 
irregulares não há regra, mas pode-se observar que há muitos verbos irregulares cujo past 
participle consiste em acrescentar o sufixo -en ao final do verbo. 
Exemplos: 
• Verbo regular: To work – Simple Past (worked) – Past Participle (worked) 
• Verbo irregular: To write – Simple Past (wrote) – Past Participle (written) 
 
As frases afirmativas obedecem à estrutura sujeito + Have/Has + verbo no Particípio + 
complemento. I have played basketball (eu tenho jogado basquete). 
As frases negativas são formadas por um sujeito + Have/Has + not + verbo no particípio + 
complemento. I haven’t played basketball (eu não tenho jogado basquete). 
As frases interrogativas são formadas por Have/Has + sujeito + verbo no particípio + 
complemento. Sempre lembrando que a inversão entre o auxiliar Have/Has e o sujeito é 
necessária para designar a interrogativa na Língua Inglesa. Have you played basketball? (você 
tem jogado basquete?). 
 
 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 Vejamos nosso “esquema”, com o verbo to study, conjugado no Present Perfect: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
10. Past Perfect 
Se o Present Perfect não tem correspondente na Língua Portuguesa, não podemos dizer o 
mesmo do Past Perfect, já que ele seria o equivalente do pretérito mais-que-perfeito em nossa 
Língua. Você pode estar achando que esse tempo verbal não serve para nada, já que nós 
praticamente não usamos o pretérito mais-que-perfeito no nosso dia a dia. Mas na Língua Inglesa, 
trata-se de um tempo verbal bastante utilizado. 
O Past Perfect é o tempo verbal que conta algo que ocorreu no passado em relação a outro 
passado. Pode parecer complexo ao explicar, mas usamos esse tipo de referência o tempo todo, 
quer ver? Posso contar uma história sobre meu aniversário (tem uma data específica), dizendo 
que um convidado meu se sujou na parede que foi pintada um dia antes e a tinta ainda estava 
fresca. Em Inglês, diríamos: My guest has gotten dirty with paint on the wall that had been painted 
the day before. 
Perceba que no exemplo, é usado o Present Perfect para descrever o fato de que o 
convidado se sujou de tinta e o Past Perfect para dizer que a parede havia sido pintada um dia 
antes. Assim, observamos como pode ser comum falar em algo que ocorreu no passado em 
relação a outro acontecimento no passado. 
O Past Perfect se utiliza do auxiliar Had (passado de Have/Has) para formar esse tempo 
verbal. 
As frases afirmativas são formadas por um sujeito + Had + verbo principal no particípio + 
complemento. I had studied a lot for the test I passed (eu estudei muito para o teste no qual 
passei). 
Asfrases negativas são formadas por sujeito + Had + not + verbo principal no particípio + 
complemento. I hadn’t studied a lot for the test I passed (eu não estudei muito para o teste no 
qual passei). 
As frases interrogativas são formadas por Had + sujeito + verbo principal no particípio + 
complemento. Had you studied a lot for the test you passed? (você estudou muito para o teste 
no qual passou?). 
 Vejamos nosso “esquema”, com o verbo TO STUDY, conjugado no Past Perfect: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Future Perfect 
O Future Perfect é usado quando se sabe quando uma determinada ação vai terminar. Por 
exemplo: sabe-se que um jogo de futebol dura um pouco menos de duas horas, já que são 90 
minutos de jogo mais um intervalo de aproximadamente 15 minutos. Com essas informações e 
sabendo que um determinado jogo irá começar às 16:00 horas, sabemos que o jogo já estará 
terminado às 18:00 horas (duas horas depois de seu início). É nesse tipo de situação que usamos 
o Future Perfect. Vamos ver mais um exemplo para ficar mais claro: Se você vai ingressar em 2021 
numa universidade que tem duração de 5 anos, é correto dizer que em 2026 você já estará 
formado. Isso é o Future Perfect. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
As frases afirmativas são formadas por um sujeito + will + Have (para todas as pessoas) + 
verbo principal no particípio + complemento. He will have graduated by 2026 (ele terá se formado 
em 2026). 
As frases negativas são formadas por um sujeito + will + not + Have (para todas as pessoas) 
+ verbo principal no particípio + complemento. He won’t have graduated by 2026 (ele não terá se 
formado em 2026). 
As frases interrogativas são formadas por will + sujeito + Have (para todas as pessoas) + 
verbo principal no particípio + complemento. Will he have graduated by 2026? (ele terá se 
formado em 2026?). Vejamos o Future Perfect em nosso “esquema”. 
As frases interrogativas são formadas por will + sujeito + Have (para todas as pessoas) + 
verbo principal no particípio + complemento. Will he have graduated by 2026? (ele terá se 
formado em 2026?). 
Vejamos o Future Perfect em nosso “esquema”. 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
12. Present Perfect Continuous 
O Present perfect Continuous é usado para tratar de ações que começaram no passado e 
duram até agora ou de ações que acabaram de se encerrar. Como exemplo podemos citar uma 
situação em que a pessoa se apresenta ofegante, logo você pensa que aquela pessoa devia estar 
correndo imediatamente antes de encontrar você já que ela ainda está ofegante. Have you been 
running? (você esteve correndo?). 
Outro exemplo que podemos citar é a situação de uma pessoa pintando seu quarto. No 
primeiro caso, a pessoa apresenta o quarto recém pintado, porém a pessoa já tomou banho, 
trocou de roupa e está apenas mostrando seu trabalho que foi terminado ainda hoje. Nesse 
primeiro caso, usamos o Present Perfect Simple, já que, embora recente, a ação já se encerrou 
por completo. A pessoa diria, então: I have painted my bedroom. (eu pintei meu quarto). 
O segundo caso seria o da pessoa ainda estar com a pintura em andamento ou até mesmo 
que ela já tenha terminado a pintura, mas exatamente naquele momento com a pessoa ainda 
suja de tinta, escada no lugar, nada arrumado. Essa é a principal diferença, é uma ação em 
andamento ou que, de fato, acabou de se encerrar. A pessoa diria: I have been painting my 
bedroom. (eu estive pintando meu quarto). 
Para citar mais um exemplo, digamos que uma pessoa esteja limpando a casa, e ela diz: I 
am cleaning my house. (eu estou limpando minha casa). Isso é Present Continuous. Essa mesma 
pessoa, na mesma situação, poderia dizer: I have been cleaning my house for two hours. (eu 
estive limpando minha casa por 2 horas/eu estou limpando minha casa há 2 horas). Portanto, se 
eu deixo claro que a ação que eu estou fazendo agora se iniciou no passado, não há problema 
nenhum em usar o Present Perfect Continuous. 
As frases afirmativas são formadas por um sujeito + Have/Has + been(verbo to be no 
particípio) + verbo principal no gerúndio + complemento. He has been studying (ele tem 
estudado). Ele começou a estudar no passado e ainda está estudando. 
Não confunda: 
• Present Continuous 
• Present Perfect Continuous 
• Present Perfect 
O Present Continuous expressa uma ação que está ocorrendo no momento, agora: 
She is dancing now. (Ela está dançando agora.) 
O Present Perfect Continuous expressa algo que começou no passado e continua até o presente: 
He has been dancing for one hour. (Ele está dançando há uma hora.) 
O Present Perfect expressa ações que acabaram em um tempo não definido do passado: 
She has danced. (Ela dançou. – pode dançar novamente, todos os dias já que não definiu 
quando). 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
As frases negativas são formadas por um sujeito + Have/Has + not + been(verbo to be no 
particípio) + verbo principal no gerúndio + complemento. He hasn’t been studying (ele não tem 
estudado). 
As frases interrogativas são formadas por Have/Has + sujeito + been(verbo to be no 
particípio) + verbo principal no gerúndio + complemento. Lembrando que a inversão entre o 
auxiliar e o sujeito é necessária para designar uma frase interrogativa na Língua Inglesa. Has he 
been studying? (ele tem estudado?). 
Em seguida, o esquema do verbo to study, conjugado no Present Perfect Continuous. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vamos ao Past Perfect Continuous agora. Preparado? 
 
 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
13. Past Perfect Continuous 
Como vimos anteriormente, o Past Perfect destaca uma ação ocorrida no passado em 
relação a outra ação também ocorrida no passado. O caso do Past Perfect Continuous não é 
diferente, porém essa ação passada continua transcorrendo até o ponto no passado mais recente 
citado. Como exemplo podemos citar uma pessoa que estava cansada quando chegou em casa. 
 
Essa pessoa tinha trabalhado duro o dia todo. Perceba que nesse exemplo, é passado o 
fato de que a pessoa chegou em casa cansada, mas esse fato é decorrente de outro fato anterior 
a ele. O fato de que a pessoa tinha trabalhado duro o dia todo. He was tired when he got home. 
He had been working hard all day. (ele estava cansado quando chegou em casa. Ele tinha 
trabalhado duro o dia todo.) 
É muito comum, no Past Perfect Continuous, o uso de advérbios diversos na elaboração 
das sentenças, como when (quando), since (desde), before (antes), after (depois) etc. porque 
esses advérbios proporcionam a ligação entre os eventos que aconteceram no passado. 
 As frases afirmativas do Present Perfect Continuous são formadas por um sujeito + had + 
been + verbo principal no gerúndio + complemento. He had been working hard all day. (ele passou 
o dia trabalhando duro). 
 As frases negativas são formadas por um sujeito + had + not + been + verbo principal no 
gerúndio + complemento. He hadn’t been working hard all day. (ele não esteve trabalhando duro 
ao longo do dia). 
 As frases interrogativas são formadas por had + sujeito + been + verbo principal no gerúndio 
+ complemento. Lembrando que as frases interrogativas precisam inverter a ordem entre sujeito 
e auxiliar para caracterizar a frase interrogativa. Had he been working hard all day? (Ele esteve 
trabalhando duro o dia todo?). 
 Vejamos o esquema do verbo to study, conjugado no Past Perfect Continuous. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
14. Modal Verbs 
Verbos Modais são aqueles que possuem características próprias, diferentes dos demais 
verbos. Eles são muito usados para complementar o sentido do verbo principal, trabalhando, 
dessa forma, como uma espécie de verbo auxiliar na frase. Eles são usados para expressar ideias 
como possibilidade, desejo, dedução, obrigação, proibição, capacidade, vontade, entre outras. 
Vamos estudá-los de forma didática e simples para que você fique “afiado” nesse tópico! 
Nas frases afirmativas, eles são usados da seguinte forma: Sujeito + verbo modal + verbo 
principal + complemento. 
Nas negativas apenas acrescentamos o NOT após o verbo modal. 
Já nas interrogativas, o verbo modal vem a frente do sujeito, caracterizando a inversão 
necessária para designar frases interrogativas na Língua Inglesa. 
Agora, um por um para melhor compreensão. 
 
 
 
Verbo Modal CAN 
O Can é usado para indicar que algo é possível, permitido ou ainda que alguém possui a 
capacidade/habilidade para fazer algo. 
O modal verb Can é usado da seguinte forma: Can + infinitivo (can do/can read) 
Em sua forma negativa, usamos can + not, podendo ser representado por can’t ou cannot. 
Vejamos alguns exemplos de uso do Can: 
Ø You can watch TV (você pode assistir TV) – permissão 
Ø This can happen to anyone (Isso pode acontecer com qualquer um) – possibilidade 
Ø We can speak Portuguese (Nós conseguimos/sabemos falar português) – 
Habilidade/Capacidade 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
Verbo Modal Could 
O could é, muitas vezes, o passado de can. Sempre que estivermos falando no tempo 
passado, devemos usar o Could ao invés do Can. Também podemos usar o Could para fazer 
perguntas ou pedidos de maneira mais educada, ainda que estejamos usando o tempo presente. 
Na negativa, coloca-se o not após o could. Assim temos: could not ou couldn’t. 
Vejamos alguns exemplos de uso do Could: 
Ø I could see they were coming (Eu podia ver que eles estavam vindo); 
Ø Could you bring me some water, please? (Você poderia trazer água, por favor?); 
Ø We could smell gas inside of the room (Nós podíamos sentir cheiro de gás dentro 
do quarto); 
Ø I was late, so I couldn’t reach the bus. (eu estava atrasado, então não pude alcançar 
o ônibus). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Verbos Modais May e Might 
Nós usamos May ou Might para indicar que algo é possível, ou seja, que há possibilidade 
de que algo aconteça. Pode-se, normalmente, usar um ou outro. Na negativa, posicionamos o not 
após o modal. E na interrogativa, posicionamos o modal a frente do sujeito. Dessa forma, 
podemos dizer: 
Ø It may happen ou It might happen. (Isso pode acontecer); 
Ø It may not happen ou It might not happen. (Isso pode não acontecer); 
Ø May it happen? Ou Might it happen? (Isso pode acontecer?); 
Ø He may have the information ou He might have the information. (ele pode ter a 
informação); 
Ø He may not have the information ou He might not have the information. (ele pode 
não ter a informação); 
Ø May he have the information? Ou Might he have the information? (ele pode ter a 
informação?). 
As possibilidades citadas servem para os tempos presente e futuro. Para usar May ou Might 
no passado, devemos acrescentar o auxiliar Have após o modal, seguido do verbo principal 
no particípio. 
Ø He may have forgotten his keys at work. (ele pode ter esquecido suas chaves no 
trabalho); 
Ø He may not have forgotten his keys at work. (ele pode não ter esquecido suas 
chaves no trabalho); 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
Ø May he have forgotten his keys at work? (ele pode ter esquecido suas chaves no 
trabalho 
Ø She might have gone away. (ela pode ter ido embora); 
Ø She might not have gone away. (ela pode não ter ido embora); 
Ø Might she have gone away? (ela pode ter ido embora?). 
 
 
 
Verbo Modal Must 
Must é usado para exprimir obrigações e deduções (se for na afirmativa) e expressar 
proibição (na negativa) – must not/mustn’t. 
Em algumas situações podemos substituir Must por Have to no presente ou por had to no 
passado 
Alguns exemplos de uso do verbo modal must são: 
Ø He must pay the bills. (ele precisa pagar as contas); 
Ø She must have just gotten here. (ela deve ter acabado de chegar); 
Ø You mustn’t cross the red light. (você não pode cruzar o sinal vermelho); 
Ø Must I study to pass the test? (eu preciso estudar para passar na prova?). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Verbo Modal Should 
O should é um verbo modal usado para expressar aconselhamento, expectativas ou até 
obrigações leves. Na negativa, usa-se o should not ou shouldn’t. No passado, usamos o should 
have. 
Alguns usos comuns dos modais should e ought to são: 
Ø You should lose weight. (você deveria perder peso); 
Ø He should go to his doctor appointment. (ele deveria ir à sua consulta médica); 
Ø This should be my last appointment with this doctor. (Essa deve ser minha última 
consulta com este médico); 
Ø She has a headache. Should she go to the doctor? (ela está com dor de cabeça. Ela 
deveria ir ao médico?). 
 
 
 
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Verbos Modais Shall e Will 
Shall é um verbo modal usado em situações mais formais, sendo pouco visto em situações 
corriqueiras. Esse modal é usado apenas nas primeiras pessoas do singular e plural (I e We). O 
shall é usado, principalmente, em perguntas para pedir a opinião de alguém em sugestões ou 
ofertas. 
Vejamos alguns usos comuns do Modal Verb shall: 
Ø Shall I open the door? (você gostaria que eu abrisse a porta?); 
Ø What shall we do? (o que fazemos? No sentido de: o que você sugere que nós 
façamos?); 
Ø Shall we go? (podemos ir?). 
Já o verbo modal Will pode ser usado em situações em que alguém está se oferecendo 
para fazer algo, concordando em fazer algo, prometendo que vai fazer algo ou pedindo que 
alguém faça algo. Ainda podemos usar o Will not para expressar uma recusa para fazer algo. 
Vejamos alguns usos do Modal Verb Will: 
Ø I’ll help you carry those bags. (vou te ajudar a carregar essas bolsas); 
Ø I won’t tell anyone about your secret. I promess. (eu não vou contar a ninguém 
sobre seu segredo. Eu prometo); 
Ø Will you turn off the light? (você poderia desligar a luz?); 
Ø My car won’t start! (meu carro não “quer” ligar!). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Verbo Modal Would 
O Would é um Verbo Modal, mas acaba sendo mais usado na função de auxiliar para 
formar o que seria o tempo verbal Futuro do Pretérito na Língua Portuguesa. O would pode ser 
usado quando imaginamos uma ação ou situação, o Would have quando imaginamos uma 
situação ou ação no passado, ou ainda para falar de coisas que aconteciam regularmente no 
passado. Ainda podemos usar o would not em situações em que há uma recusa para se fazer 
alguma coisa. 
Vejamos alguns exemplos de uso de Would: 
Ø It would be nice to buy a house, but I can’t afford it. (seria bom comprar uma casa, 
mas eu não tenho dinheiro); 
Ø I don’t know what I would have done if it wasn’t for you. (eu não sei o que eu teria 
feito se não fosse por você); 
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Ø 10 years ago, I would run every morning. (10 anos atrás, eu corria toda manhã); 
Ø My car wouldn’t start. (meu carro não “queria” ligar); 
Ø I talked to him, but he wouldn’t listen to me. (eu falei com ele, mas ele se recusou 
a me ouvir). 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Imperative 
O Imperativo é usado para dar ordens, instruções, dar um aviso ou um pedido (caso haja a palavra 
“please” na frase). Para formar o Imperativo basta usar o verbo no infinitivo sem a preposição to. 
Para usar o Imperativo na negativa, apenas colocamos not ou don’t antes do verbo. 
 Pode-se usar o Imperativo com qualquer subject pronoun (you,he/she/it, we, you, they), 
observe que não consta o subject pronoun I na lista porque não se pode dar ordens a si próprio. 
Também pode se usar let’s antes do verbo para se incluir no imperativo. 
Vejamos alguns exemplos de uso do Imperative: 
Ø Come here! Sit down! (venha aqui! Sente-se!) – ordem; 
Ø Watch out! (cuidado!) – aviso; 
Ø Please don’t smoke here. (por favor, não fume aqui.) – pedido; 
Ø Don’t run in the living room! (não corra na sala de estar!) – ordem (negativa). 
 Nós brasileiros, não temos o hábito de usar o imperativo em português, já que em nossa 
língua, na maioria das vezes, soaria mal-educado falar dessa forma. Mas em Inglês o 
Imperativo é mais usado e, na maioria das vezes não é visto como rude. 
 Agora, estudaremos um pouco sobre os Phrasal verbs, já que depois teremos uma aula 
exclusiva para explorar a fundo esse tema. Vamos lá! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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16.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “I’m writing to ask you what you’re doing the last weekend in May.” (lines 8 and 9), the 
underlined verbs indicate 
Muita atenção: a estrutura verbal sublinhada, normalmente, significa presente, mais 
especificamente, o presente contínuo. Porém, na construção acima, temos um uso 
especial da estrutura, muito comum em Inglês, para se referir a um futuro próximo, 
imediato. O sentido é de: estou escrevendo para perguntar o que você vai fazer no 
último final de semana de maio. Era necessário tomar cuidado também para não cair na 
pegadinha do “last weekend in May”, pois, apesar da presença da palavra last, a 
expressão está apenas se referindo ao último fim de semana de maio, e não a algo que 
já passou, não sendo assim, indicativa de passado. 
a) present. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
b) past. 
 
 
c) future. 
d) advice. 
 
 
 
 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
Fill in the blank with the suitable option. 
After _______, the flight attendant must pass a test at the DAC to obtain a license. → 
Esse é um caso em que usamos o verbo com -ing, depois de uma preposition (after). 
Mas, atenção, pois ele não indica continuidade. Transmite a ideia da atividade, podendo 
ser entendido, no caso, como “graduação” ou “formatura”. After graduating- depois da 
graduação (ou, ainda, depois de “graduar-se”), o comissário de bordo deve passar por 
um teste no DAC para obter uma licença. 
a) graduate 
b) graduates 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
c) graduated 
d) graduating 
 
 
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
In “A flight attendant is taught how to handle first – aid procedures for passengers…” 
(line 10), the underlined verb is closest in meaning to, except: 
a) to calm down 
b) to cope with 
c) to deal with 
d) to manage 
 
 
 
 
 
4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “... The courses require just a basic knowledge of English...” (lines 12 and 13), the 
underlined verb is closest in meaning to _______ . Except: 
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Require significa requerer, exigir, demandar. Atenção, pois a questão pede a exceção, 
que não corresponde ao sentido de require. Vamos lá! 
a) demand 
b) need 
c) dismiss 
d) ask for 
 
 
 
5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
Choose the best alternative to fill in the blanks 
a) inaugurated – showed – inaugurated 
b) featured – inaugurated – symbolized 
c) symbolized – presented – inaugurated 
d) inaugurated – symbolized – illuminated 
 
 
 
6. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
In “The giant structure was inaugurated with a firework display...” the correct active voice 
is: “Someone ________the giant structure”. 
No esquema de voz ativa ↔ voz passiva, o tempo verbal deverá ser preservado, mantido, 
sempre! Assim, na voz passiva você tem que observar em que tempo está o verbo to be- 
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no caso, está no passado – was. Na voz ativa, então, o verbo principal, inaugurate, deve 
estar também no passado = inaugurated. 
a) inaugurated 
b) inaugurates 
c) is inaugurating 
d) was inaugurating 
 
 
 
7. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
“featured”, in bold type, in the text, is closest in meaning to 
a) made 
b) included 
c) represented 
d) demonstrated 
 
 
 
The Greenhouse Effect 
A greenhouse is a house made of glass. The sun shines 
right through the glass and makes it warm inside the 
greenhouse. It is possible to grow flowers and 
vegetables inside a greenhouse in the winter. Scientists 
have a theory that a lot of carbon dioxide in the 
atmosphere will act like the glass in a greenhouse. As 
the sun shines through the carbon dioxide blanket, the 
atmosphere will get hotter and hotter. 
Carbon dioxide is produced by combustion, the burning 
of fuel. It is being added to the normal atmosphere as 
we have more and more cars, more and more houses 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
and industries. In short, more people produce more 
carbon dioxide. 
Scientists predict that as a result of more carbon dioxide 
in the atmosphere, there will be a global warming, or a 
long-term rise in temperatures over the earth. 
(Adapted from “Time and Space”) 
 
8 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
In the sentence “It is being added to the normal atmosphere” (line10), we can find the 
passive voice of which verb tense? 
a) future 
b) simple present 
c) past progressive 
d) present progressive 
 
9 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative that best completes the extract below. 
 Doctors suggest not _________ much fat and sugar. 
Patients suffering from cardiopulmonary diseases also should not avoid ___________ to 
the doctor. 
a) to eat – to go 
b) eating – to go 
c) to eat – going 
d) eating – going 
 
 
Lufthansa Now Says It Knew of Co-Pilot Andreas Lubitz’s History of Depression 
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The co-pilot at the controls of the German jetliner that 
crashed last week had informed Lufthansa in 2009 
about his depressive episodes, the company said 
Tuesday. 
In a statement, Lufthansa said the co-pilot had 
conveyed the information when he sought to rejoin the 
airline’s flight school after a monthslong pause in his 
studies. 
French prosecutors said that Mr. Lubitz appeared to 
have intentionally crashed the jet into the French Alps 
on March 24. The plane descended a little under 10 
minutes before it struck the earth, killing all 150 people 
aboard. 
Prosecutors in Germany said Monday that he had been 
treated for suicidal tendencies. 
(Adapted from www.nytimes.com) 
GLOSSARY 
conveyed – transmitiu 
sought – procurou 
monthslong – com duração de meses 
prosecutors - promotores 
 
10 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
“struck”, underlined in the text, is the past tense of: 
a) strucken 
b) struggle 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
c) striked 
d) strike 
 
 
Ana: Do you ever go to museums? 
Martin: Yes, I enjoy ___________ them. 
Ana: Would you like to go to a museum now? 
Martin: No, I’m hungry. I suggest _________ to a restaurant. 
 
11 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative that best completes the dialogue: 
a) visiting – to go 
b) to visit – to go 
c) to visit – going 
d) visiting – going 
 
 
Plane crashed in France 
A plane which was flying ______ Barcelona ______ 
Dusseldorf crashedin the French Alps last Tuesday. 
Nobody survived of the 144 passengers and 6 crew on 
board. 
Among the passengers were 16 school children and two 
teachers from a German school. It is also thought that 
two babies were on board the aeroplane. 
The German airline says that it believes that the crash 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
was an accident, but it’s still working to establish the 
exact cause. 
GLOSSARY 
Crew - um grupo de pessoas que trabalham na aeronave. 
 
 
12 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
“Establish”, in bold type in the text, is closest in meaning to 
a) find out 
b) stabilize 
c) think 
d) have 
 
 
13 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Select the alternative that best completes 
the dialogue below. 
Jude: I ____ (see) Mary last Sunday. 
John: Really? I ____ (not/see) her for years. How is she? 
a) saw – haven’t see 
b) saw – haven’t seen 
c) have seen – didn’t see 
d) have seen – haven’t seen 
 
 
Economists have recognized that physical beauty affects wages, even in occupations 
where appearance does not seem relevant to job performance. It seems that attractive 
men and women are paid more than ordinary people for the same work. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
(Taken from The International Herald Tribune) 
 
14 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Choose the best alternative that presents 
the correct verb tense and the voice of the verbs underlined in the text, respectively. 
a) present perfect/active voice; simple present/passive voice. 
b) simple present/passive voice; present perfect/active voice. 
c) simple past/passive voice; present perfect/active voice. 
d) past perfect/active voice; simple present/passive voice. 
 
 
15 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Select the correct modal verb that fills in the 
blank in the paragraph below. 
Paul feels very sick and dizzy. I think he has been drinking all night again. He ____ get out 
of bed this morning. 
a) will 
b) must 
c) can’t 
d) could 
 
16 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Choose the alternative that fills in the blank 
in the sentence below. 
Scientists say that when a person stops _____ very soon, the chances of getting cancer 
and other diseases reduce. 
a) smoke 
b) smokes 
c) smoked 
d) smoking 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 
 
 
(Fonte:www.sisu.typepad.com) 
17 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) The verb “clear”, in the cartoon, can be 
replaced by 
a) clean 
b) bright 
c) prohibited 
d) authorized 
 
 
The story of a blind girl 
There was a blind girl who hated herself just because she was blind. She hated everyone, 
except her loving boyfriend. He was always there for her. She said that if she could only 
see the world, she would marry her boyfriend. 
One day, someone donated a pair of eyes to her and then she could see everything, 
including her boyfriend. Her boyfriend asked her, “Now that you can see the world, will 
you marry me?” 
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The girl was shocked when she saw that her boyfriend was blind too, and refused to marry 
him. Her boyfriend walked away in tears, and later wrote a letter to her saying: “Just take 
care of my eyes dear.” 
Fonte: http://academictips.org/ 
 
18 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) The underlined verbs, in the text, are in the 
a) Simple Past 
b) Simple Present 
c) Present Perfect 
d) Present Continuous 
 
 
What was lost and what survived devastating Notre Dame fire 
David K. Li 
Some of the most prized, centuries-old relics of France and Christianity survived the 
devastating Notre Dame Cathedral fire that almost wiped out the cherished Paris 
landmark. 
According to Culture Minister Frank Riester the “most precious treasures” were largely 
spared. Many of the works will be stored at Paris’ City Hall and the Louvre, where they 
will be examined, treated for damage and protected. 
Monday’s fire almost destroyed the entire cathedral, wich has stood in Paris and survived 
nearly 900 years of tumultuous French history. 
So far, authorities have said blaze appears to be an accident, possibly connected to a 
renovation project carried out by five companies. 
The fire was finally extinguished after nine hours of work. 
http://www.nbcnews.com. 
 
19 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) “...appears (...)”, underlined in the text is 
closest in meaning to _______ . Except: 
a) seems 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
b) sounds 
c) looks like 
d) looks as if 
 
 
Investigators find “similarities” between Ethiopian and Lion Air crashes. 
Anna Cardovillis, Kara fox and Dakin Andone 
Preliminary data recovered from the black boxes of the last week Ethiopian Airlines crash 
has revealed “similarities” to October ‘s fatal Lion Air crash. 
Ethiopian Airlines flight 302 crashed March 10, six minutes after take off, killing all 157 
people on board. It was the second disaster involving a new Boeing 737 Max 8 aircraft in 
less than six months. In October, all 189 people on board Lion Air Flight were killed in 
Indonesia, 13 minutes after take off. Similarities between the two incidents led aviation 
authorities around the world to ban the use of 737 Max 8s. Investigators suspect the Lion 
Air crash may have been caused by an angle of attack sensor on the outside of the plane 
that transmited incorrect data, which could have triggered the automated flight software 
that forced the plane’s nose down. The pilots first manually corrected an “automatic 
aircraft nose down two minutes after take off and performed the same procedure again 
and again before the plane hurtled into the Java Sea. 
http://wwww.slashgear.com. 
 
20 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) In “Similarities between the two incidents 
led aviation authorities around the world to ban the use of 737 Max 8”, the underlined 
word is closest in meaning to 
a) allow 
b) permit 
c) forbid 
d) suggest 
 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
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Evacuations as typhoon hits China coast 
More than 200,000 people ___________ evacuated as a typhoon made landfall on China’s 
east coast, state media say. Typhoon Yagi hit China’s Zhejiang province shortly before 
midnight on Sunday packing winds of up to 102km/h, the official Xinhua news agency 
reports, citing provincial flood control headquarters. 
A total of 204,949 people in 10 cities, including Taizhou, Zhoushan, and Wenzhou, have 
been evacuated and almost 21,000 fishing boats called back to port, it said. 
The storm will also bring heavy rain and will gradually weaken as it moves slowly inland 
to the northwest, Xinhua said. 
Summer is China’s typhoon season, although casualties ____________ minimised in recent 
years by early government planning and evacuations from potencial danger zones. 
Adapted from www.news.com. 
 
21 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) Complete the text with the correct 
alternative. 
a) has been – had been 
b) had been – had been 
c) has been – have been 
d) have been – have been 
 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
The verb “getting” in the text (line 9) can be replaced by 
a) becoming 
b) arriving 
c) understanding 
d) obtaining 
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23. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2011) 
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The underlined verb in the text can be replaced by 
a) trained. 
b) arranged. 
c) exercised. 
d) supported. 
 
 
24. (Estratégia Militares2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
The interrogative form of the sentence “he’s got a ragtag group” (lines 13 and 14) is: 
a) Is he got a ragtag group? 
b) Does he get a ragtag group? 
c) Is he get a ragtag group? 
d) Has he got a ragtag group? 
 
 
 
 
25. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In there “There is a saying in English...” (line 1), saying is closest in meaning to 
a) speaking 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
b) telling 
c) talk 
d) proverb 
 
 
 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
In “... attending a conference...”, (line 4), the underlined word is closest in meaning to 
a) following. 
b) assisting at. 
c) being present at. 
d) paying attention to. 
 
 
 
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27. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
“do”, underlined in the extract, is being used 
a) for emphasis. 
b) as a modal verb. 
c) to avoid repetition. 
d) as a question word. 
 
 
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28. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
The correct verbs to fill in the blanks are, respectively 
a) find / comes 
b) found / came 
c) has found / came 
d) had found / comes 
 
 
 
Hijacked jets destroy Twin Towers: a creeping horror 
The horror arrived in epsodic bursts of chilling disbelief, signified first by trembling 
floors, sharp eruptions, cracked windows. There was the cruel sight of bodies helplessly 
tumbling out, some of _____ in flames. 
Finally, the high and impressive towers themselves were reduced to nothing. Dense 
plumes of smoke raced through the downtown avenues, coursing between the 
buildings, shaped like tornadoes on their sides. 
Every sound was cause for alarm. A plane appeared overhead. Was another one 
coming? No, it was a fighter jet. But was it friend or enemy? People scrambled for _____ 
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lives, but _____ didn’t know where to go. Should people go north, south, east, west? 
Stay outside, go indoors? People hid beneath cars and each other. Some contemplated 
jumping into the river (…). 
Fonte:The New York Times, Sep. 12, 2001. 
GLOSSARY 
chilling disbelief – incredulidade assustadora 
trembling floors – o tremor dos andares 
to scramble – lutar 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 ‘hid’, (paragraph 3), is the past tense of the verb 
a) hit. 
b) hike. 
c) hint. 
d) hide. 
 
 
Greenpeace _____ against environmental degradation since 1971 when a small boat of 
volunteers and journalists _____ into the U.S. atomic test zone of Amchitka, Alaska. 
Our focus has been on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planet’s biodiversity 
and environment. It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals, and to 
challenge governments and corporations when they fail to act appropriately in order to 
protect our environment and our future. 
Fonte:www.greenpeace.org 
 
30. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
Choose the best verbal form to have the text completed, respectively: 
a) has campaigned – sailed 
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b) had campaigned – sailed 
c) campaigned – was sailing 
d) was campaigning – has sailed 
 
 
The Crab and His Mother 
Mamma Crab _____ to Baby Crab when she _____ that he was walking sideways. 
Mamma Crab said, ‘Why are you walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk 
straight.’ Baby Crab replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother, and I’ll follow your example.’ 
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain. She could not walk straight 
herself. Then, she saw how foolish she had been to find fault with her child. 
Fonte:Aesop’s Fables 
 
31. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
Choose the best verbal form to have the fable completed, respectively: 
a) talked – was noticed 
b) was talking – noticed 
c) has talked – was noticing 
d) has been talking – has noticed 
 
 
32. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 ‘could’, underlined in the fable, was used to 
a) express prohibition. 
b) refuse permission. 
c) talk about ability. 
d) give an order. 
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My neighbors love Christmas, but I don’t. In fact, if I can be completely honest, I hate 
Christmas. Maybe it’s because Christmas was always a little depressing when I was a 
young boy. Anyway, my neighbors really love Christmas and every year they decorate 
the inside and outside of their house with big, bright lights. This year, however, they 
really exaggerated: their lights are so bright that I can’t sleep at night! Tomorrow I am 
going to speak to my neighbors and ask that the lights __________ reduced or 
removed. 
 
33- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the text. 
a) be 
b) are 
c) were 
d) have been 
 
 
34- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The word “can”, in bold in the text, expresses ________. 
a) quality 
b) permission 
c) prohibition 
d) importance 
 
 
The pilot of a Beech Baron airplane noticed that one of his engines was on fire. He 
contacted the nearest air traffic control center to ask for help. 
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The voice __________ the radio answered, “This is the Control Tower. “Please inform 
your altitude”. 
The pilot replied, “We are at 30,000 feet”. 
 
35- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The word “inform”, in bold in the text, is a verb in the __________. 
a) infinitive 
b) imperative 
c) subjunctive 
d) passive voice 
 
 
Homeless crack addict revitalizes small square in downtown São Paulo 
A homeless man has chosen to occupy his free time revitalizing a small square on the 
corner of avenues São Joãoand Duque de Caxias, in downtown São Paulo. He planted 
pau-brasil, palm, banana and avocado trees. He also planted boldo, sweet potatoes, 
beans, peppers and ornamental plants, such as snake plants. Residents noticed the 
square’s gradual changes and congratulated the author for the modifications. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo Internacional – 21/03/2017 
 
36- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 Choose the alternative that is NOT in the Simple Past: 
a) A man has chosen to occupy his free time revitalizing a square. 
b) People congratulated the man for the gradual changes in the square. 
c) He planted a number of pau-brasil, palm and banana trees. 
d) Residents noticed the square’s changes. 
 
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Economic crisis increases consumption of rice and beans in Brazil 
The economic crisis is making the Brazilian consumer exchange meat for the traditional 
dish of rice and beans. High unemployment and falling incomes, together with the low 
prices of these products, caused by good harvest, are responsible for the increase in 
demand, __________ will be 15% to 20% this month, compared to the prediction for the 
year. The average consumption per capita is around 3, 5 kilos of rice and 1, 5 kilo of 
beans. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional -10/05/2017 
GLOSSARY 
harvest = colheita 
average consumption = consumo médio 
 
37- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The words “is making”, underlined in the text, form a verb in the __________. 
a) simple past 
b) future tense 
c) simple present 
d) present progressive 
 
 
It’s never too late to make changes to prevent diseases that may end your flying career. 
And becoming healthier doesn’t mean you have to make major changes. Here are 
some tips on what youcan do today to keep yourself in the air for years to come. 
- take the stairs instead of riding the elevator; 
- limit red meat; 
- consume more vegetables; 
- wear UV-blocking sunglasses; 
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- walk more; 
- try a yoga class; 
- don’t smoke; 
- drink a lot of water; 
- find an activity that you love after retirement. 
Fonte:http://goo.gl/W3uCrU Acess 30/05/2017 
 
 
38- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 In the sentence “It’s never too late to make changes to prevent diseases that may end 
your flying career”, the modal verb “may” expresses __________. 
a) ability 
b) necessity 
c) deduction 
d) possibility 
 
 
“Cracolândia” drug addicts have already spread to more than 20 different areas in São 
Paulo 
Five days after a police operation in Cracolândia (Crackland) in the center of São Paulo, 
drug addicts 
have spread to various parts of the region, such as Paulista avenue, as well as the space 
underneath the João Goulart overpass, which is also known as the Minhocão. 
The officers from the GCM (the Metropolitan Civil Guard) have accompanied the 
movement of those who belonged to the “flow” (fluxo) – a term used to describe 
outdoor areas where people negotiate and consume drugs. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional – 26/05/2017 
GLOSSARY 
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overpass = viaduto, elevado 
 
39- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The verbs “have spread” and “have accompanied”, underlined in the text, are in the 
__________. 
a) simple past 
b) future tense 
c) present perfect 
d) past progressive 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
 
 
 
 
Adapted from https://comics.azcentral.com/slideshow?comic=bn 
 
40- (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
“The kid’s earned his money” in the strip is in the: 
a) Simple Present Tense 
b) Simple Past Tense 
c) Past Perfect Tense 
d) Present Perfect Tense 
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Arrest Dog 
A police department has temporarily stopped the use of arrest dogs after a shocking 
bodycam footage came to light. 
The video shows US police officers ordering a dog to attack an unresisting black man. 
The suspect was already handcuffed when the dog latched onto his leg for 20 seconds. 
In the video, a police officer can be heard repeatedly praising the animal, saying ´good 
boy´. 
The police department said that the officer had been placed on administrative leave. 
According to the suspect, the injury was avoidable; however, he also said that he 
suffered permanent nerve and tendon damage with infections that could lead to 
amputation. 
The incident happened almost one month before George Floyd´s death. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com 
 
41- (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 The word, “latched”, in bold type in the text, is closest in meaning to __________. 
Except: 
a) held 
b) bit 
c) licked 
d) caught 
 
 
The Marine’s Father 
A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside. 
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“Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times 
before the patient’s eyes opened. 
Heavily sedated because of the pain of his heart attack, he dimly saw the young 
uniformed Marine standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The 
Marine wrapped his toughened fingers around the old man’s limp ones, squeezing a 
message of love and encouragement. 
The nurse brought a chair so that the Marine could sit beside the bed. All through the 
night the young Marine sat there in the poorly lighted ward, holding the old man’s 
hand and offering him words of love and strength. Occasionally, the nurse suggested 
that the Marine move away and rest awhile. 
He refused. Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was oblivious of her 
and of the night noises of the hospital – the clanking of the oxygen tank, the laughter of 
the night staff members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans of the other 
patients. 
Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only 
held tightly to his son all through the night. 
Along towards dawn, the old man died. The Marine released the now lifeless hand he 
had been holding and went to tell the nurse. While she did what she had to do, he 
waited. 
Finally, she returned. She started to offer words of sympathy, but the Marine 
interrupted her. 
“Who was that man?” he asked. 
The nurse was startled, “He was your father,” she answered. 
“No, he wasn’t,” the Marine replied. 
“I never saw him before in my life.” 
“Then why didn’t you say something when I took you to him?” 
“I knew right away there had been a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and 
his son just wasn’t here. When I realized that he was too sick to tell whether or not I was 
his son, knowing how much he needed me, I stayed.” 
Author Unknown 
Adapted from (https://academictips.org/blogs/military-story-the-marines-father/) 
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42- (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 In " The nurse was startled", the word, in bold type, is closest in meaning to 
_____________ . Except: 
a) surprised 
b) disconcerted 
c) disturbed 
d) flattered 
 
 
Ugandan gorillas in Bwindi park have 'baby boom' 
Five baby gorillas have been born in six weeks in Bwindi National Park, leading the 
Ugandan Wildlife Service (UWS) to declare a baby boom. 
 Announcing the latest birth, the UWS said: "The Rushegura gorilla family welcomes 
another bouncing cute baby gorilla". 
 Seven babies have been born since January compared to three for the whole of 2019, 
according to the UWS. 
 Mountain gorillas are endangered with just over 1,000 in existence. 
 The UWS told the BBC that this year was unprecedented for gorilla births but it is not 
clear why there has been this uptick. 
 The five recent births were to different families, not to the same family, as we initially 
reported. 
 BBC Africa correspondent Catherine Byaruhanga says the baby boom comes as the 
parks are testing out visits to primate locations, which were stopped due to coronavirus. 
 In March, most of Uganda's tourism sector was shut down and the industry is slowly 
opening up but primates are of particular concern as they share so much of our DNA. 
 Now, small groups of visitors are allowed into protected areas as new safety 
procedures, such as wearing face masks and social distancing, are tried out. 
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 Poaching has also been a major worry for authorities especially during the lockdown. 
 In July, a man was sentenced to 11 years in prison over the killing of Rafiki, a silverback 
gorilla in Bwindi. 
 Around 400 gorillas live in Bwindi, in 10 family groups. 
 The mountain gorilla species is restricted to protected areas in the Democratic 
Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda. 
 As well as in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, they can also be found in a network 
of parks in the Virunga Massif range of mountains which straddle the borders of the 
three countries. 
 In 2018, the mountain gorilla was removed from the list of critically endangered 
species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, after intensive 
conservation efforts, including anti-poaching patrols, paid off. 
 The IUCN now classifies the species as endangered. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53997900) 
 
43- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words SAID and TOLD in the text 
are 
 
a) Regular verbs 
b) Modal verbs 
c) Are not verbs 
d) Irregular verbs 
 
 
44-(2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best 
response 
 
a) The five recent births could be to the same family 
b) The five recent births were to the same family 
c) The five recent births were to different families 
d) The five recent births might be to different families 
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Read the comic strip.
 
(Adapted from https://comics.azcentral.com/slideshow?comic=ca) 
 
45- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) We aren’t 
b) We were 
c) We are 
d) We weren’t 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
Read the comic strip.
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/08/19) 
 
46- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Were 
b) Are 
c) Is 
d) Am 
 
 
 
More than 400 migrants have crossed the English Channel in small boats - a record for 
a single day. 
Border Force _______ 409 people, including young children, on board 27 boats, with 
several further vessels still being dealt with. Some of the migrants were carrying 
children too young to walk. Prime Minister Boris Johnson earlier on Wednesday said the 
UK had become "a target and a magnet for those who would exploit vulnerable people 
in this way". 
A further 53 people were rescued by French authorities after getting into difficulties 
before reaching British waters. Some 145 people had crossed the Channel in 18 small 
boats on Tuesday. Rough seas brought on by Storm Francis made crossings impossible 
at the end of August, but conditions have improved in the first two days of September. 
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Speaking in the Commons during Prime Minister's Questions, Mr Johnson said: "I have 
a great deal of sympathy with those who are desperate as to put their children in 
dinghies or in children's paddling pools and try to cross the channel. 
"But I have to say what they're doing is falling prey to criminal gangs and they are 
breaking the law." He added: "It also undermines the legitimate claims of others who 
seek asylum in this country”. "We will address the rigidities in our laws that make this 
country, I'm afraid, a target and a magnet for those who would exploit vulnerable 
people in this way." 
More than 1,468 migrants made the crossing by small boat in August despite a vow 
from Home Secretary Priti Patel to make the dangerous route "unviable". The Home 
Office does not provide information on how many children are making the crossing on 
small boats. 
Home Office minister Chris Philp told the Commons on Wednesday the government 
was attempting to return 1,000 people who had arrived in the UK, having "previously 
claimed asylum in European countries, and under the regulations legally should be 
returned there". More than 7,400 migrants have crossed the Channel in small boats 
since January 2019. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-kent-54000755) 
 
47- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the appropriate word to fill in 
the blank. 
 
a) Has been intercepting 
b) Had intercepted 
c) Has intercepted 
d) Intercepted 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
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(https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/09/01) 
 
48- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “… ARE RAW...” in the comic is in the 
 
a) Simple past 
b) Future simple 
c) Present continuous 
d) Simple present 
 
 
 
How President Trump can still win the US election 
 Recent polls suggest Joe Biden has a significant and steady lead over Republican 
Donald Trump in this year's presidential race in both national preference and key swing-
state surveys. 
 Due to record-shattering fundraising, the Democrat also has a sizeable financial 
advantage, which means he'll be able to blanket the airwaves with his campaign message 
in the final weeks. 
 Electoral analysts have been increasing their odds that Trump will lose his re-election 
bid. Nate Silver's Fivethirtyeight.com blog currently has Biden with an 87% chance of 
winning, while Decision Desk HQ puts him at 83.5%. 
 
How is Trump doing in the polls? 
 If all of this is painfully familiar to Democrats, it should be. At a similar point four years 
ago, Hillary Clinton was also predicted to have a high likelihood of victory. They 
remember how that turned out. 
 Could history repeat itself with another Trump victory? 
 
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The polls are wrong 
 Practically since Biden secured the Democratic Party's presidential nomination, national 
polls have given him a steady lead over Trump. Even in key swing states, which have 
shown a tighter race, Biden has demonstrated a consistent lead frequently outside the 
margin of error. 
 As 2016 demonstrated, however, national leads are irrelevant and state-level polls can 
miss the mark. 
 Predicting what a presidential electorate will look like - that is, who will actually show up 
to cast a ballot - is a challenge in every election, and some pollsters got it wrong last 
time, undercounting the number of white, non-college-educated voters who would turn 
out for Trump. 
 Although the New York Times predicts Biden's current margins would protect him from 
even a 2016-level misfire, pollsters have some new obstacles to overcome in 2020. 
 Many Americans, for instance, are planning to vote by mail for the first time. Republicans 
are already promising to aggressively challenge mail-in ballots to prevent what they say 
could be the potential for widespread fraud - something Democrats have said is really an 
effort at voter suppression. 
 If voters fill out their forms incorrectly or do not follow proper procedure, or there is 
delay or disruption in mail delivery, it could lead to otherwise valid ballots being 
discarded. Understaffed or limited in-person polling places could also make it more 
difficult to vote on election day, discouraging Americans who had been considered by 
pollsters to be "likely voters." 
 
 
49- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words LOSE and WAS in the text 
are 
 
a) Regular verbs 
b) Not verbs 
c) Modal verbs 
d) Irregular verbs 
 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes/2020/10/12) 
 
50- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Mustn’t 
b) Can 
c) Should 
d) Have to 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/16) 
 
51- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Drowns 
b) Has drowned 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
c) Drowning 
d) Was drowning 
 
 
 
A 12-year-old found a 69 million-year-old dinosaur fossil while hiking with his dad 
 Nathan Hrushkin _____ to be a paleontologist for as long as he can remember, and the 
12-year-old has already made a significant discovery. 
 He found a partially unearthed dinosaur fossil while hiking with his dad this summer 
at a conservation site in the Horseshoe Canyon in the Badlands of Alberta, Canada. 
 "It's pretty amazing to find something that's like real, like an actual dinosaur 
discovery," he told CNN. "It's kind of been my dream for a while." 
 The fossil was a humerus bone from the arm of a juvenile hadrosaur -- a duck-billed 
dinosaur that lived about 69 million years ago, according to a news release from the 
Nature Conservancy of Canada. 
 Nathanand his dad, Dion, had found bone fragments in the area on a previous hike 
and thought that they might have washed down from farther up the hill. 
 They were just finishing lunch when Nathan climbed up the hill to take a look. 
 "He called down to me, he's like, 'Dad, you need to get up here,' and as soon as he 
said that I could tell by the tone in his voice that he found something," Dion Hrushkin 
said. 
 Nathan said the fossil was very obvious and it looked like "a scene on a TV show or a 
cartoon or something." 
 They sent pictures of the bone to the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, which 
identified the fossil and sent a team of paleontologists to the site. 
 Fossils are protected by law in Alberta, and the NCC said that it is important that 
people don't disturb any fossils they may find. 
 The crew has been working at the site for about two months and uncovered between 
30 and 50 bones that came from a single young hadrosaur that was about three or four 
years old, according to the statement. 
 Hadrosaur bones are the most common fossils found in Alberta's badlands, but few 
juvenile skeletons have been found, the statement said. It was also found in a layer of 
rock that rarely preserves fossils. 
 "This young hadrosaur is a very important discovery because it comes from a time 
interval for which we know very little about what kind of dinosaurs or animals lived in 
Alberta," François Therrien, the Royal Tyrrell Museum's curator of dinosaur 
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palaeoecology, said in the statement. "Nathan and Dion's find will help us fill this big 
gap in our knowledge of dinosaur evolution." 
 The fossils were very close together, so the paleontologists removed large pieces of 
the surrounding rock from the canyon walls. 
 One of the fossil-rich slabs weighed about 1,000 pounds and was more than four feet 
wide, according to Carys Richards, a communications manager with the NCC. 
 Nathan had heard of the hadrosaur before his big find but said it wasn't the most well-
known dinosaur. 
 It's probably his favorite now -- beating out the wildly popular Tyrannosaurus rex. 
 Nathan and his dad have come to watch the dig several times since the discovery and 
were there on Thursday when the team was hauling out the last specimens. 
 "It was pretty fun to be there and watch them do their things," Nathan said. 
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/16/world/canada-dinosaur-find-12-
year-old-trnd-scn/index.html) 
 
52- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the appropriate word to fill in 
the blank 
 
a) Wanted 
b) Want 
c) Is wanting 
d) Has wanted 
 
 
 
 
Holden Matthews: US man jailed for burning historic black churches 
A young white man has been jailed for 25 years for burning down three historic black 
churches in the US state of Louisiana last year. 
 Heavy metal musician Holden Matthews, 23, was also ordered to pay $2.7m (£2.1m) in 
restitution. He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within his favoured 
music scene. 
 A judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked 
memories of a "dark time in history." 
 White supremacists attacked black churches during America's civil rights era. The three 
churches Matthews burnt were St Mary Baptist Church in Port Barre, Greater Union 
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Baptist Church in Opelousas and Mount Pleasant Baptist Church in Opelousas, between 
26 March and 4 April. 
 Matthews, the son of a local sheriff's deputy, admitted to posting photographs and 
video on Facebook of the first two churches burning. 
 All three buildings were razed to the ground by the fires, but no-one was injured 
because they were torched at night. 
 A judge cleared him of hate crime charges, which Matthews admitted to earlier this year. 
But he was found guilty of three counts of arson on religious buildings, and one count of 
using fire to commit a federal felony. 
 At the time of the attacks, Matthews was a member of a band called Vodka Vultures. In 
a plea hearing, he said he had sought to emulate church burnings carried out by "black 
metal" music fans in Norway in the 1990s. During that period, at least 50 Christian 
churches in Norway were attacked by arsonists in the name of "black metal", a subgenre 
of heavy metal music. 
 In a statement, Acting US Attorney Alexander Van Hook said Matthews' sentence 
"should send a clear message that there is a high price to pay for this type of destruction 
and violence". 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54779878) 
 
53- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words ORDERED and EVOKED in 
the text are 
 
a) Irregular verbs 
b) Not verbs 
c) Modal verbs 
d) Regular verbs 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/11/03) 
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54- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Did 
b) Have 
c) Do 
d) Can 
 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/31) 
 
 
55- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Say 
b) Have been saying 
c) Had said 
d) Said 
 
 
 
 
 
WhatsApp lets messages vanish after seven days 
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WhatsApp is introducing a "disappearing messages" option that will erase chats from 
the phone of both the sender and recipient after seven days. 
 The Facebook-owned app, which has two billion users worldwide, said the setting would 
help keep chats private. 
 But it said recipients would still be able to screenshot or forward any messages, photos 
or videos that they wanted to keep. The option will appear for WhatsApp users by the 
end of November. 
 In a blog, the company said messages could be set to expire after seven days to offer 
"peace of mind that conversations aren't permanent, while remaining practical so you 
don't forget what you were chatting about". 
 In April 2019, Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg pledged to make several 
changes to the social network to offer users more privacy. 
 One of his proposed changes was offering more "ephemeral" ways to share content, 
including disappearing messages. 
 The company also hopes to integrate its messaging platforms, making WhatsApp, 
Instagram and Facebook Messenger interoperable. 
 Rival messaging app Snapchat, which has provided inspiration for a number of 
Facebook's features, was built on the principle of disappearing messages. 
 "Remarkable that this was so long in coming to WhatsApp, given that it launched Status 
(also a disappearing feature) back in 2017, that ephemeral is huge, and that this is 
Facebook we are talking about," said Ingrid Lunden, a journalist for Tech Crunch, on 
Twitter. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54825021) 
 
 
56- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words SAID and BUILT in the text 
are 
 
a) Modal verbs 
b) Phrasal verbs 
c) Irregular verbs 
d) Not verbs 
 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/28) 
 
57- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Know 
b) Have known 
c) Knew 
d) Knowed 
 
 
 
58 - (Estratégia Militares 2020 – AFA 2017) 
In the sentence “it’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple 
intelligences’”, the contraction refers to 
 
a) It has. 
b) It been. 
c) It is. 
d) It was. 
 
 
 
 
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss 
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 The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now 
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: 
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence 
that went beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured 
by standardized tests. 
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, 
logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he 
later added an eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The 
theory became highly popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to 
reach students who did not respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple 
intelligences’ somehow became synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this 
important post, Gardner explains why the former is not the latter. 
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been 
gratified by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, 
museums, and business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven 
me to distraction and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I 
cherish, to credit me with the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple 
intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s high time to relieve my pain and to set the record 
straight. 
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including 
the study of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea 
that each of us has a number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be 
termed our ‘multiple intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single 
intelligence assumes that we have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines 
how well we perform in every sector of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences 
assumes that human beings have 7 to 10 distinct intelligences. 
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied 
about in educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all 
children (indeed all of us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes 
sense to find out about learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are 
appropriate, that they value, and above all, are effective. 
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use 
this term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are 
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is 
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‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we 
know this? What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should 
we compensate by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or 
visual or tactile? Same issues apply. 
 Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently 
with those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the 
learning style analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all 
approach’. Of course, the learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if 
it is on the mark, the fact that one intervention did not work does not mean that the 
concept of learning styles is fatally imperfect; another intervention might have proved 
effective. Absence of evidence does not prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals 
to educational researchers: ‘back to the drawing boards’. 
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: 
Intelligence: We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong 
intelligence, an area where the person has considerable computational power. Style or 
learning style: A hypothesis of how an individual approaches the range of materials. If an 
individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is hypothesized to be reflective about the full 
range of materials. We cannot assume that reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals 
reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others. 
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The 
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This 
notion is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they 
make use of entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental 
computer, the intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up. 
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or 
a ‘visual learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may 
be unhelpful, at best, and ill-conceived at worst. 
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and 
that strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in 
any other intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are 
common sense ways of assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, 
we can take a more formal test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, 
we can decide how best to make use of this information. 
 
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(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet) 
 
Glossary: 
 
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for 
teaching with objects. 
 
59 - (Estratégia Militares 2020 – AFA 2017) Choose the best option to change the 
sentence “human capacities are represented in the brain” (4th paragraph) , into the active 
form. 
 
The brain _______________ human capacities. 
 
a) has represented 
b) represents 
c) has been represented 
d) representing 
 
 
 
60- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Mark the alternative that completes 
the sentence below correctly 
 
Europe ____ a critical moment in the pandemic 
 
a) Is having 
b) Had 
c) Will have 
d) Have 
 
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61- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which option is correct to complete the 
sentences below? 
 
1. I saw you _____ this morning 
2. He saw her _____ the cupcakes 
3. If you want to lose weight, you need to ____ hard 
4. I watched you ____ the piano 
5. I can’t tell you what ____ on last week, I wasn’t there 
 
a) Worked out / baking / working out / to play / was going 
b) Working out / bake / worked out / playing / was going 
c) Work out / baking / work out / playing / is going 
d) Working out / baking / work out / playing / was going 
e) Working out / bake / working out / had been playing / were going 
 
 
 
62- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which of the following sentences 
express probability? 
 
a) You mustn’t do that to your family 
b) I have to do my homework until the end of the week 
c) You should have patient to do meditation 
d) He can choose what he wants in this store 
e) I did very well at school, I think I’ll have great grades 
 
 
 
63- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph 
below correctly? 
 
No one knows what the next months hold, but suggestions that Britain ___ back to 
normal by Christmas seem unlikely. Already, Leicester, Greater 
Manchesterand Preston _____ local lockdowns after registering rises in Covid-19 
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cases, while increases in Spain and Germany ___ an alarming reminder of the 
difficulty of controlling this virus. 
(Adapted from 
https://www.marinha.mil.br/sspm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.sspm/files/provas/PR
OVA%20AZUL-%201%C2%BADIA.pdf) 
 
a) Be / will enforce / were 
b) Will be / have enforced / are 
c) Will be / enforce / are 
d) Went / have enforced / were 
e) Went / have enforced / are 
 
 
 
 
Trump or Biden? China expects no favours either way 
 
 The Democratic and Republican National Conventions are typically an opportunity for 
US voters to get a sense of what their next president's domestic policies might look like. 
 But this year they also provided a key insight for China Inc as it navigates its rocky 
relationship with the US. 
 Several insiders at Chinese technology firms __64__ me that a Joe Biden presidency 
would be more appealing than another four more years of President Trump - which would 
be seen as "unpredictable". 
 And while they think a Biden administration would still be tough on China, it would be 
based more on reason, and fact rather than rhetoric and politicking. 
 One thing is clear though: companies on the mainland believe that whoever is in the 
White House the tough stance on China is here to stay. 
 Here are three things that __65__ Chinese companies the most about the next US 
administration - and what they're doing to protect themselves: 
Decoupling 
 This word gets used a lot these days. President Trump and his administration talk about 
it in tweets and in press statements in relation to China. 
 Decoupling basically means undoing more than three decades' worth of US business 
relations with China. 
 Everything is on the cards: from getting American factories to pull their supply chains 
out of the mainland, to forcing Chinese-owned companies that operate in the US - like 
TikTok and Tencent - to swap their Chinese owners for American ones. 
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 Make no mistake, under a Trump administration "decoupling will be accelerated", 
__21__ Solomon Yue, vice chairman and chief executive of the Republicans Overseas 
lobby group. 
 "The reason is because there's a genuine national security concern about our 
technology being stolen," he said. 
 But decoupling isn't that simple. 
 While the US has had some success in forcing American companies to stop doing 
business with Chinese tech giants like Huawei, it is pushing Chinese firms to develop self-
sufficiency in some key industries, like chip-making and artificial intelligence. 
 "There's a realisation that you can never really trust the US again," a strategist working 
for a Chinese tech firm told me. "That's got Chinese companies thinking what they need 
to do to protect their interests." 
Delisting 
 As part of its focus on China, the Trump administration has come up with a set of 
recommendations for Chinese firms listed in the US, setting a January 2022 deadline to 
comply with new rules on auditing. 
 If they don't, according to the recommendations, they risk being banned. 
 While a Biden administration may not necessarily push through with the exact same ban, 
analysts say the scrutiny and tone of these recommendations is likely to stay. 
 "A Democrat, whether in the White House, Senate or Congress, would have little reason 
to roll back Trump's toughness on China without some concession in return," said Tariq 
Dennison, a Hong Kong-based investment adviser at GFM Asset Management. 
 '"One thing both parties seem to agree on in 2020 is to blame China for any of America's 
problems that can't be easily blamed on the other party. That's not going to change 
anytime soon." 
 While fears of being delisted aren't high on the list of concerns for Chinese companies 
that are already listed in the US, it's enough to sway the decisions of companies that are 
looking to float in the future. 
 Take Ant Group, for example, the mammoth Chinese digital financial services group 
that this week filed for an IPO. 
 Affiliated to the Alibaba Group, which is listed in the US and Hong Kong, it chose Hong 
Kong and Shanghai in which to sell its shares instead of the US. 
 __22__ other Chinese companies are __23__ to follow suit, as tensions between the US 
and China get worse. 
Deglobalisation 
 China has been one of the __24__ beneficiaries of globalisation over the last 30 years. 
It has helped hundreds of millions of Chinese afford a better quality and standard of life, 
the bedrock upon which President Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream is based. 
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 But that's precisely what President Trump says needs to change: his administration 
argues that China has become richer while the US has become poorer. 
 During Mr Trump's term, deglobalisation - where borders are less open and trade is less 
free - has become a trend. And it's something that Beijing knows won't change even after 
the election. 
 "The fundamental adjustment of the US' strategic mind-set over China is real", reads 
the latest op-ed in the Communist Party's mouthpiece, The Global Times. 'This has to a 
large extent reset the China-US relationship." 
 One of the natural consequences of globalisation was arguably a safer world. 
 If you're doing business with one another, chances are you're not going to want to get 
in a fight - or at least not open conflict. 
 A big worry for many businesses in Asia is that a real military clash between the two 
superpowers is inevitable - and those concerns only grew this week when Beijing fired 
missiles into the South China Sea, a lucrative but contested waterway. 
 The reset of the US-China relationship is dangerous - not just for the US and China - but 
for the rest of us too. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-
53928783?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business&link_location=live-
reporting-story) 
 
64- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) Will tell 
b) Is telling 
c) Had been telling 
d) Will be telling 
e) Have told 
 
 
65- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) Are worrying 
b) Have worried 
c) Have been worrying 
d) Worried 
e) Will worry 
 
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66- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Choose the best alternative to complete the excerpt below. 
Colonial Countryside _______ the imagination of children in ways that Dr Fowler never expected. “A 
group visited Dyrham Park and _______ across stands depicting African men in chains – they _______ an 
important discussion about whether they ________ be on display. Some felt yes because it shows the 
house’s connection to the slave trade and the Royal African Company, while other children felt it was 
offensive,” she explains. 
https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200724-colonial-countryside-facing-up-to-britains-murky-past 
a) has caught / came / had / should 
b) have caught / come / have / ought to 
c) caught / has come / have had / have to 
d) had caught / have come / has had / will 
e) should have caught / had come / had had / could 
 
 
67- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Choose the correct alternative to complete the paragraph below. 
Protesters in Beirut have stormed government ministries during a fresh demonstration over 
Tuesday's huge explosion that left at least 158 dead. 
Several thousand people _______ to the streets protesting. Police have fired tear gas at stone-
throwing demonstrators. Sounds of gunfire have also _______ from central Martyrs' Square. In a 
televised address, Lebanese PM Hassan Diab _______ he would ask for early elections as a way 
out of the crisis. "We can't exit the country'sstructural crisis without holding early parliamentary 
elections," he said. The issue will be discussed in cabinet on Monday. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53704998 
a) have taken / heard / have said 
b) has taken / hear / has said 
c) took / been heard / said 
d) taken / been heard / had said 
e) had taken / heard / was said 
 
 
 
68- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below? 
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Volunteers in Mauritius are scrambling to create cordons to keep leaking oil from a tanker away 
from the island. 
The MV Wakashio, _______ be carrying 4,000 tonnes of oil, _______ aground on a coral reef off 
the Indian Ocean island on 25 July. Locals _______ absorbent barriers of straw stuffed into fabric 
sacks in an attempt to contain and absorb the oil. Mauritius is home to world-renowned coral 
reefs, and tourism is a crucial part of its economy. Images _______ online by local media show 
volunteers collecting straw from fields and filling sacks to make barriers. 
a) has believed / run / is making / have posted 
b) have believed / have run / make / has posted 
c) believed / ran / are making / posted 
d) had believed / has run / made / had posted 
e) believe / had run / have made / are posting 
 
69- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
Which option best completes the gap? 
“Are you going to the beach alone?” 
“Yes, but I wish you _____________ with me.” 
(A) might come 
(B) had come 
(C) will come 
(D) would come 
(E) can come 
 
 
Who was Alan Turing? 
Alan Turing was an English mathematician and pioneer of ___1___ computer science and 
artificial intelligence. During WW2, he was instrumental in breaking the German Enigma code, 
leading to Allied victory over Nazi Germany. 
What happened in Alan Turing’s early years? 
Alan Turing was born on 23 June 1912 in Maida Vale, London. His intelligence was clear from his 
school days. At the age of 9, his headmistress from St Michael's Primary School in Hastings 
reported: ‘I have had clever boys and hard-working boys, but Alan is a genius’. Turing moved 
to Hazelhurst Preparatory School in 1922 where he ___70___ interested in chess, spending 
hours working out complex chess problems on his own. 
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At the age of 13, he attended Sherborne School in Dorset. Although his maths teacher Mr 
Randolph declared him a ‘genius’, this counted little in a school that placed its emphasis on 
humanities and classics. Teachers would often get annoyed with him for his high marks in 
exams ___3___ him paying little attention during lessons. 
What was Alan Turing’s relationship with Christopher Morcom? 
Towards the end of his time at Sherborne, Turing formed a close relationship with another 
student, Christopher Morcom, who shared his intellectual curiosity and inspired Alan’s future 
endeavours. He has been described as Turing’s ‘first love’. However, their relationship was cut 
short by Morcom's death in 1930 from tuberculosis. Turing coped with his grief by devoting his 
energy to scientific study in an attempt to fulfil his friend's potential. 
What happened in Alan Turing’s university years? 
Turing attended King's College, University of Cambridge, in 1931 to study mathematics. In this 
academic environment, he settled in much better and his years there were highly successful in 
both his work and social life. Turing took up rowing and became an excellent long distance 
runner. He also became involved in the peace movement, joining the Anti-War Council, which 
called for chemicals and munitions workers to strike if war was declared amid the rise of Hitler. 
Turing graduated in 1934 with a first-class honours degree and as a result of his dissertation, was 
elected a Fellow of King's College at the age of 22. In 1936 Turing went on to study mathematics 
at Princeton University, New Jersey, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1938. During his time here, he 
developed the notion of a ‘universal computing machine’ which could solve complex 
calculations. This would become known as the Turing machine, which ___71___ the digital 
computer. He also studied cryptology, the study of codes and cyphers which can be used to 
send secret messages, and built three out of four stages of an electro-mechanical binary 
multiplier. 
What did Alan Turing do at Bletchley Park? 
In 1939, Turing was asked to join the Government Codes and Cypher School, a British code-
breaking organisation (now GCHQ), which was moved to Bletchley Park when war was declared 
on 3 September. 
Turing’s most notable achievement at Bletchley was cracking the ‘Enigma’ code. The Enigma was 
an enciphering machine used by the German armed forces to send messages ___5___. 
Together with fellow code-breaker Gordon Welchman, Turing developed the Bombe, a 
machine based on an earlier Polish design, which from late 1940 was decoding all messages 
sent by the Enigma machines. 
Next, Turing turned his attentions to the more complex German naval signals, and together with 
his ‘Hut 8’ team at Bletchley, succeeded in decrypting these as well in 1941, contributing to 
Allied victory in the Battle of the Atlantic. In July 1942, Turing developed a complex code-
breaking technique he named ‘Turingery’ for use against the Lorenz cipher messages produced 
by the Germans' new Geheimschreiber (secret writer) machine. 
Turing also developed a secure speech system, which he ___72___ Delilah. The system, which 
encoded and decoded voice communications, was intended to be used in a similar way to a 
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telephone scrambler. He demonstrated its mechanisms on one of Churchill's speeches, but the 
machine was never commissioned for use in the war effort. 
What did Turing do after his work at Bletchley Park? 
In 1945 Turing was awarded an OBE for his services to the country and in 1949, was made deputy 
director of the Computing Laboratory at the University of Manchester. Turing first addressed 
the issue of Artificial intelligence (AI) in his famous paper Computing Machinery and 
Intelligence (1950). In it, he ___73___ what he called the 'Imitation Game' (now called the 
‘Turing Test’) – a method to determine whether a machine showing behaviour can truly be 
called ‘intelligent’. The test has significantly influenced research on AI. 
How did Alan Turing die? 
On 7 June 1954, Turing was found dead from cyanide ___8___. An inquest ruled that it was 
suicide, although this has been contested more recently, with Turing expert Prof Jack Copeland 
attributing his death to the accidental inhalation of cyanide fumes during an experiment. 
What was Alan Turing's legacy? 
The extent of Alan Turing’s work did not fully come to life until after his death. His impact on 
computer science is commemorated in the annual ‘Turing Award’ – the highest ___9___ in the 
industry. Meanwhile, his code-breaking operations at Bletchley Park are credited with 
shortening the war by as much as two years and resulting in Allied victory – saving countless 
lives in the process. In 2015 a new national centre for research in data science and AI, The Alan 
Turing Institute, ___74___ in his name. 
Adapted from https://www.bl.uk/people/alan-turing 
 
70- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) has become 
B) has been become 
C) becomes 
D) has became 
E) became 
 
 
71- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) presupposed 
B) was 
C) foreshadowed 
D) created 
E) replaced 
 
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72- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) named 
B) names 
C) calls 
D) has named 
E) has called 
 
 
73- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) disposed 
B) divided 
C) devisedD) declared 
E) detracted 
 
 
74- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) created 
B) has created 
C) has been created 
D) was created 
E) have been created 
 
 
 
Earliest art in the British Isles discovered on Jersey 
Fragments of stone engraved with abstract designs are the earliest known art in the British Isles, 
researchers say. 
They were made by hunter-gatherers who ___75___ between 23,000 and 14,000 years ago on 
what is now Jersey. The designs were scratched into small ornamental tablets known as 
plaquettes; similar examples have been found in France, Spain and Portugal. The 10 plaquettes 
were unearthed at Les Varines, Jersey, between 2014 and 2018. 
Since the discoveries in the south-east of the island, scientists from London's Natural History 
Museum, the University of Newcastle and University of York have been analysing the prehistoric 
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markings. The researchers, who have published ___17___ findings in the journal Plos One, now 
believe they represent the earliest evidence of artistic expression in the British Isles. 
The plaquettes were made by the Magdalenians, a hunter-gatherer culture ___76___ to have 
expanded out of Iberia (modern Spain and Portugal) and southern France after the peak of the 
last Ice Age. 
The designs consist of straight lines more or less in parallel and longer, curved incisions. The two 
types of mark were probably produced by the same tools, in short succession - perhaps by the 
same engraver. 
Co-author Dr Silvia Bello, from the Natural History Museum, ___77___: "Many of the lines, 
including the curved, concentric designs, appear to have been made through layered or repeated 
incisions, suggesting that it is unlikely that they resulted from the stones being used for a 
functional purpose. 
She told BBC News that most were "of abstract nature (simple intersecting lines), however, some 
fragments seem to depict zoomorphic representations (horses, mammoths, a bovid and possibly 
a human face)". 
"On all the fragments, these potential representations appear imprecise and simplified in 
comparisons to other Magdalenian examples, supporting ___20___ the hypothesis these are 
chance arrangements amongst a system of representations, or that they were the product of 
inexperienced engravers," she explained. 
The Magdalenian era saw a flourishing of early art, from cave paintings and drawings to the 
decoration of tools and weapons to engraving on stones and bones. 
Although Magdalenian settlements are known to have existed as far north-west as Britain, no 
similar examples of artistic expression ___78___ discovered in the British Isles from such an early 
time period. 
The plaquettes appear to pre-date the late Magdalenian cave art at Creswell Crags in Derbyshire, 
the researchers said. 
Dr Chantal Conneller, a co-author from Newcastle University, said: "These engraved stone 
fragments provide exciting and rare evidence of artistic expression at what was the farthest edge 
of the Magdalenian world. 
"The people at Les Varines are likely to have been pioneer colonisers of the region and creating 
engraved objects at new settlements may have been a way of creating symbolic relationships with 
new places." 
Dr Bello said the artefacts may only have been of temporary significance, as they were made on 
soft stone. "The action of engraving probably created a powder within the incisions that makes 
them temporarily visible. This swiftly disperses, meaning that the engravings were only clearly 
visible at the moment of their making. 
She added: "The act of engraving, possibly the context and the moment when the engraving 
occurred, were the meaningful components of the process rather than the object (the plaquette) 
that had been engraved." 
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Three of the stone fragments from Jersey had been recovered from an area of granite slabs which 
may have served as paving, highlighting that the plaquettes might have been engraved in a 
domestic context. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53835146 
 
75- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) have lived 
B) has lived 
C) lived 
D) had lived 
E) was living 
 
 
76- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) thinked 
B) thinks 
C) was thinking 
D) has thought 
E) thought 
 
 
77- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) says 
B) have said 
C) has said 
D) is saying 
E) said 
 
 
78- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) have previously been 
B) had previously been 
C) has previously been 
D) were previously 
E) was previously 
 
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Europe is Seeing a Surge in Coronavirus Cases. Are Tourists the Cause of the Increase? 
 Europe has seen sharp rises in the number of COVID-19 cases across the region, with some 
countries reporting higher daily caseloads than they have ever seen. 
 In recent weeks, Spain, France and Germany have recorded their highest number of daily 
infections since April, as international travel has ramped up during one of the region’s 
busiest vacation periods. In an effort to prevent the possibility of a second wave, 
governments have reimposed restrictions on citizens and renewed quarantine measures 
for some travelers. 
 Experts say the increase in travel in Europe has certainly contributed to the recent surge 
in infections numbers. “International travel was very important in seeding the infections in 
Europe in February and March. I think it has had an important impact in what we’ve seen 
in the last six weeks,” says Jennifer Beam Dowd, associate professor of demography and 
population health at Oxford University. 
 Strict lockdowns in the spring sharply reduced the spread of the virus in Europe, which 
has reported over 3.9 million cases since the start of the pandemic, accounting for 17% of 
global infections. By mid-June, most of the continent welcomed back travelers to help the 
economy recover from the deepest recession it has seen since World War II. 
 The economies of France, Italy and Spain, which are powered by tourism, will each 
contract by more than 10% this year, the European Commission said on July 7. 
 Cases have been increasing across Europe in the past month. But Spain, Germany, Italy 
and France have seen particularly sharp rises. 
 
Did summer travel play a role? 
 
 Experts say yes. Increased travel combined with relaxed restrictions has “almost 
certainly” led to a rise in cases, says Martin McKee, a professor of European public health 
at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Europeans typically take vacation 
between the end of July and August when schools break for summer. Grant Shapps, the 
U.K’s Transport Secretary, said there were 160,000 British holidaymakers in France in mid 
August. 
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 In mid May, Europe began reopening its bars, restaurants and nightclubs, subject to social 
distancing measures. 
 The latest rise in cases in France has been most marked in Paris and cities in the south 
including Nice, Toulouse and Marseille. “This might be representative of people having 
moved from a high transmission area in France to a lower one, triggering an outbreak,” 
says Nathalie MacDermott, a clinical lecturer in infectious diseases at King’s College 
London. 
 However, France’s health minister, Olivier Véran said in an interview published Aug. 23 
that infections were already spreading between age groups and rising among the elderly 
in the Marseille area. 
 The continent’s spike reflects “large numbers of people congregating in indoor poorly 
ventilated spaces. Indoor areas are where the danger lies,” says McKee. In a tourist resort, 
where peopleare coming from many different places, “the probability that somebody will 
be infected is increased,” he says. 
 Nightclubs in particular, are “very conducive” to the spread of a virus, says MacDermott. 
“They’re often poorly ventilated and it’s almost impossible to have social distancing,” she 
says. In one of Spain’s largest recent outbreaks, more than 80 people tested positive after 
around 400 people went to nightclubs in the Andalusian city of Cordoba on July 10. 
Outbreaks in bars and nightclubs have been reported in other countries in Europe such 
as France and Switzerland. 
 Some recent outbreaks in Spain have also been linked to the arrival of agricultural 
workers from around Europe. But “most likely”, says McKee, the rise in cases has stemmed 
from “tourists in crowded bars, restaurants, and nightclubs.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5883317/travel-coronavirus-europe/) 
 
79- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Mark the alternative that completes the 
sentence below correctly 
 
Europe ____ a critical moment in the pandemic 
 
a) Is having 
b) Had 
c) Will have 
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d) Have 
 
 
80- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which option is correct to complete the 
sentences below? 
 
1. I saw you _____ this morning 
2. He saw her _____ the cupcakes 
3. If you want to lose weight, you need to ____ hard 
4. I watched you ____ the piano 
5. I can’t tell you what ____ on last week, I wasn’t there 
 
a) Worked out / baking / working out / to play / was going 
b) Working out / bake / worked out / playing / was going 
c) Work out / baking / work out / playing / is going 
d) Working out / baking / work out / playing / was going 
e) Working out / bake / working out / had been playing / were going 
 
 
 
81- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which of the following sentences express 
probability? 
 
a) You mustn’t do that to your family 
b) I have to do my homework until the end of the week 
c) You should have patient to do meditation 
d) He can choose what he wants in this store 
e) I did very well at school, I think I’ll have great grades 
 
 
82- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph below 
correctly? 
No one knows what the next months hold, but suggestions that Britain ___ back to normal 
by Christmas seem unlikely. Already, Leicester, Greater Manchester and Preston _____ 
local lockdowns after registering rises in Covid-19 cases, while increases in Spain and 
Germany ___ an alarming reminder of the difficulty of controlling this virus. 
(Adapted from https://www.marinha.mil.br/sspm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.sspm/files/provas/PROVA%20AZUL-
%201%C2%BADIA.pdf) 
 
a) Be / will enforce / were 
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b) Will be / have enforced / are 
c) Will be / enforce / are 
d) Went / have enforced / were 
e) Went / have enforced / are 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16.1 GABARITO
1- C 
2- D 
3- A 
4- C 
5- D 
6- A 
7- B 
8- D 
9- D 
10- D 
11- D 
12- A 
13- B 
14- A 
15- C 
16- D 
17- D 
18- A 
19- B 
20- C 
21- D 
22- A 
23- A 
24- D 
25- D 
26- C 
27- C 
28- B 
29- D 
30- A 
31- B 
32- C 
33- A 
34- B 
35- B 
36- A 
37- D 
38- D 
39- C 
40- D 
41- C 
42- D 
43- D 
44- C 
45- C 
46- B 
47- C 
48- D 
49- D 
50- D 
51- C 
52- D 
53- D 
54- C 
55- D 
56- C 
57- C 
58- A 
59- B 
60- A 
61- D 
62- E 
63- B 
64- E 
65- A 
66- A 
67- C 
68- C 
69- D 
70- E 
71- C 
72- A 
73- C 
74- D 
75- C 
76- E 
77- E 
78- B 
79- A 
80- D 
81- E 
82- B 
 
 
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17.0 - QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “I’m writing to ask you what you’re doing the last weekend in May.” (lines 8 and 9), the 
underlined verbs indicate 
Muita atenção: a estrutura verbal sublinhada, normalmente, significa presente, mais 
especificamente, o presente contínuo. Porém, na construção acima, temos um uso 
especial da estrutura, muito comum em Inglês, para se referir a um futuro próximo, 
imediato. O sentido é de: estou escrevendo para perguntar o que você vai fazer no 
último final de semana de maio. Era necessário tomar cuidado também para não cair na 
pegadinha do “last weekend in May”, pois, apesar da presença da palavra last, a 
expressão está apenas se referindo ao último fim de semana de maio, e não a algo que 
já passou, não sendo assim, indicativa de passado. 
a) present. 
ERRADA, conforme vimos acima. 
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b) past. 
Também ERRADA, conforme a explicação acima. ERRADA. 
 
c) future. 
Alternativa correta, de acordo com o que estudamos acima. CORRETA. 
 
d) advice. 
A estrutura verbal não tem nenhuma relação com advice, conselho, que normalmente é 
dado em Inglês através do modal verb should. ERRADA. 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
 
 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
Fill in the blank with the suitable option. 
After _______, the flight attendant must pass a test at the DAC to obtain a license. → 
Esse é um caso em que usamos o verbo com -ing, depois de uma preposition (after). 
Mas, atenção, pois ele não indica continuidade. Transmite a ideia da atividade, podendo 
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ser entendido, no caso, como “graduação” ou “formatura”. After graduating- depois da 
graduação (ou, ainda, depois de “graduar-se”), o comissário de bordo deve passar por 
um teste no DAC para obter uma licença. 
a) graduate 
ERRADA, conforme explicação acima. After graduate não existe. A preposição after pede 
o verbo com -ing. 
 
b) graduates 
ERRADA, conforme explicação acima. Para usarmos graduate, teria que haver o sujeito 
he ou she- after he graduates. 
 
c) graduated 
ERRADA, conforme explicação acima. A preposição after pede o verbo com -ing. 
 
d) graduating 
CORRETA, conforme explicação. 
 
Gabarito: D 
 
 
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
In “A flight attendant is taught how to handle first – aid procedures for passengers…” 
(line 10), the underlined verb is closest in meaning to, except: 
a) to calm down 
To handle significa lidar com uma situação. Não transmite a ideia de acalmar (to calm 
down). Como estamos buscando a que não está correta, é esse o nosso gabarito. 
CORRETA. 
 
b) to cope with 
To cope with, assim como to handle, significa lidar com uma situação. Como estamos 
buscando a exceção, ERRADA. 
 
c) to deal with 
To deal with, assim como to handle, significa lidar com uma situação. Como estamos 
buscando a exceção, ERRADA. 
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d) to manage 
To manage também significa lidar com uma situação, administrar uma situação. Como 
estamos buscando a exceção, ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: A 
 
 
 
 
4- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “... The courses require just a basic knowledge of English...” (lines 12 and 13), the 
underlined verb is closest in meaning to _______ . Except: 
Require significa requerer, exigir, demandar. Atenção, pois a questão pede a exceção, 
que não corresponde ao sentido de require. Vamos lá! 
a) demand 
Demand significa demandar. Equivale ao sentido de require. ERRADA. 
 
b) need 
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Need significa necessitar de alguma coisa. No contexto, poderia substituir require, 
dando a ideia de que os cursos necessitam de apenas um conhecimento básico de 
Inglês... ERRADA. 
 
c) dismiss 
Dismiss significa dispensar. Como vimos, require tem sentido oposto, de exigir. Como 
estamos buscando a exceção, CORRETA. 
 
d) ask for 
Ask for significaexigir, pedir algo. No contexto, poderia substituir require, dando a ideia 
de que os cursos pedem apenas um conhecimento básico de Inglês... ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
5- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
Choose the best alternative to fill in the blanks 
Nas alternativas, vemos os seguintes verbos: 
inaugurate- inaugurar 
show- mostrar 
feature- exibir, expor 
symbolize- simbolizar 
illuminate- iluminar 
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present- apresentar 
Vamos ver qual faz mais sentido no contexto de cada trecho com as lacunas. 
The giant structure was_______ with a firework display during an event that featured lights 
and musical performance, drawing thousands of people to the lagoon. 
A estrutura gigante foi _______ com um show de fogos... Nessa, poderíamos ter dúvidas, 
principalmente quanto a inaugutared (inaugurada) ou featured (exibida), apesar de 
parecer que inaugurada faz mais sentido, para dar a ideia de que a estrutura foi 
inaugurada (inaugurated) com um show de fogos. Mas vamos analisar as demais! Let’s 
go! 
This year’s theme celebrates the importance of light in people’s lives, _______by the sun, 
the moon and the stars. 
O tema deste ano celebra a importância da luz na vida das pessoas, _______ pelo sol, a 
lua e as estrelas. 
Nesse trecho, perceber qual seria a melhor possibilidade já nos daria a resposta correta. 
O sol, a lua e as estrelas SIMBOLIZAM a luz, que é o tema deste ano. Assim, o tema 
deste ano celebra a importância da luz na vida das pessoas, simbolizada pelo (= 
symbolized by) sol, a lua e as estrelas. 
The 280 ft. tall structure is _______ by 3.1 million lights and it will be lit every night until 
6 January. 
Aqui confirmamos a letra D como resposta, pois a ideia é de que a estrutura é iluminada 
(illuminated) por 3,1 milhões de luzes. A estrutura não poderia ser inaugurada por luzes 
e simbolizada faz menos sentido que iluminada. 
a) inaugurated – showed – inaugurated 
b) featured – inaugurated – symbolized 
c) symbolized – presented – inaugurated 
d) inaugurated – symbolized – illuminated 
 
Gabarito: D 
 
 
6- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
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In “The giant structure was inaugurated with a firework display...” the correct active voice 
is: “Someone ________the giant structure”. 
No esquema de voz ativa ↔ voz passiva, o tempo verbal deverá ser preservado, mantido, 
sempre! Assim, na voz passiva você tem que observar em que tempo está o verbo to be- 
no caso, está no passado – was. Na voz ativa, então, o verbo principal, inaugurate, deve 
estar também no passado = inaugurated. 
a) inaugurated 
The giant structure was inaugurated ↔ Someone inaugurated the giant structure. 
CORRETA. 
 
b) inaugurates 
Aqui o tempo verbal não foi mantido. ERRADA. 
 
c) is inaugurating 
O tempo verbal aqui também não foi mantido. ERRADA. 
 
d) was inaugurating 
Cuidado: aqui a alternativa trouxe passado, porém contínuo, o que a invalida, já que na 
voz ativa não tínhamos past continuous. ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: A 
 
7- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
“featured”, in bold type, in the text, is closest in meaning to 
O sentido de featured no texto é de que a estrutura gigante foi inaugurada com uma 
queima de fogos durante um evento que contou com, incluiu luzes e performance 
musical, atraindo milhares de pessoas para a lagoa. 
a) made 
O sentido não é de que o evento fez luzes, mas, sim, de que incluiu, contou com luzes. 
ERRADA. 
 
b) included 
Alternativa CORRETA, conforme explicado acima. 
 
c) represented 
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O sentido não é de que o evento representou luzes, mas, sim, de que incluiu, contou 
com luzes. ERRADA. 
 
d) demonstrated 
A melhor interpretação do contexto é de que o evento incluiu luzes, contou com luzes, 
e não que demonstrou luzes. ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: B 
 
 
 
The Greenhouse Effect 
A greenhouse is a house made of glass. The sun shines 
right through the glass and makes it warm inside the 
greenhouse. It is possible to grow flowers and 
vegetables inside a greenhouse in the winter. Scientists 
have a theory that a lot of carbon dioxide in the 
atmosphere will act like the glass in a greenhouse. As 
the sun shines through the carbon dioxide blanket, the 
atmosphere will get hotter and hotter. 
Carbon dioxide is produced by combustion, the burning 
of fuel. It is being added to the normal atmosphere as 
we have more and more cars, more and more houses 
and industries. In short, more people produce more 
carbon dioxide. 
Scientists predict that as a result of more carbon dioxide 
in the atmosphere, there will be a global warming, or a 
long-term rise in temperatures over the earth. 
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(Adapted from “Time and Space”) 
 
8 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
In the sentence “It is being added to the normal atmosphere” (line10), we can find the 
passive voice of which verb tense? 
a) future 
b) simple present 
c) past progressive 
d) present progressive 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Para que tivéssemos a voz passiva do tempo futuro, 
deveríamos ter a frase escrita como “it will be added...”, e não “it is being added”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Para que tivéssemos a voz passiva do tempo presente 
simples, deveríamos ter a frase escrita como “it is added...”, e não “it is being added”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Para que tivéssemos a voz passiva do tempo passado 
contínuo, deveríamos ter a frase escrita como “it was being added...”, e não “it is being 
added”. 
A alternativa D está correta. A voz passiva do trecho está conjugada no present 
progressive. Se estivesse na voz ativa, teríamos “it is adding”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
9 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative that best completes the extract below. 
 Doctors suggest not _________ much fat and sugar. 
Patients suffering from cardiopulmonary diseases also should not avoid ___________ to 
the doctor. 
a) to eat – to go 
b) eating – to go 
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c) to eat – going 
d) eating – going 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “eating”. O uso do verbo “suggest” acaba 
por determinar que o segundo verbo venha no gerúndio, pois “suggest” faz parte da 
lista de verbos que exigem que o verbo subsequente esteja no gerúndio. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “going”. O uso do verbo “avoid” acaba por 
determinar que o segundo verbo venha no gerúndio, pois “avoid” também faz parte da 
lista de verbos que exigem que o verbo subsequente esteja no gerúndio. 
Temos a sequência: eating / going 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
Lufthansa Now Says It Knew of Co-Pilot Andreas Lubitz’s History of Depression 
The co-pilot at the controls of the German jetliner that 
crashed last week had informed Lufthansa in 2009 
about his depressive episodes, the company said 
Tuesday. 
In a statement, Lufthansa said the co-pilot had 
conveyed the information when he sought to rejoin the 
airline’s flight school after a monthslong pause in his 
studies. 
French prosecutors said that Mr. Lubitz appeared to 
have intentionally crashed the jet into the French Alps 
on March 24. The plane descended a little under 10 
minutes before it struck the earth, killing all 150 people 
aboard. 
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Prosecutors in Germany said Monday that he had been 
treated for suicidal tendencies. 
(Adapted from www.nytimes.com) 
GLOSSARY 
conveyed – transmitiu 
sought – procurou 
monthslong – com duração de mesesprosecutors - promotores 
 
10 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
“struck”, underlined in the text, is the past tense of: 
a) strucken 
b) struggle 
c) striked 
d) strike 
Comentários: 
“Struck” é o passado do verbo “strike”, que é um verbo irregular. Por isso, a palavra 
“striked” não é o passado do verbo “strike”, eliminando a alternativa C. “Struggle” é um 
verbo cujo passado é “struggled” e, assim, eliminamos a alternativa B. “Strucken” é o 
obsoleto particípio de “strike”, eliminando a alternativa A. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
Ana: Do you ever go to museums? 
Martin: Yes, I enjoy ___________ them. 
Ana: Would you like to go to a museum now? 
Martin: No, I’m hungry. I suggest _________ to a restaurant. 
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11 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative that best completes the dialogue: 
a) visiting – to go 
b) to visit – to go 
c) to visit – going 
d) visiting – going 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “visiting”. O uso do verbo “enjoy” acaba por 
determinar que o segundo verbo venha no gerúndio, pois “enjoy” faz parte da lista de 
verbos que exigem que o verbo subsequente esteja no gerúndio. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “going”. O uso do verbo “suggest” acaba 
por determinar que o segundo verbo venha no gerúndio, pois “suggest” também faz 
parte da lista de verbos que exigem que o verbo subsequente esteja no gerúndio. 
Temos a sequência: visiting / going 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
Plane crashed in France 
A plane which was flying ______ Barcelona ______ 
Dusseldorf crashed in the French Alps last Tuesday. 
Nobody survived of the 144 passengers and 6 crew on 
board. 
Among the passengers were 16 school children and two 
teachers from a German school. It is also thought that 
two babies were on board the aeroplane. 
The German airline says that it believes that the crash 
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was an accident, but it’s still working to establish the 
exact cause. 
GLOSSARY 
Crew - um grupo de pessoas que trabalham na aeronave. 
 
 
12 – (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
“Establish”, in bold type in the text, is closest in meaning to 
a) find out 
b) stabilize 
c) think 
d) have 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. “Find out” significa descobrir, o que equivale ao uso de 
“establish”, que significa estabelecer, nesse contexto específico. Estabelecer a causa do 
acidente e descobrir a causa do acidente são basicamente a mesma coisa no contexto 
apresentado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Stabilize” significa estabilizar, e não é isso que a palavra 
“establish” significa, e sim estabelecer, descobrir. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Think” significa pensar, e não é isso que a palavra 
“establish” significa, e sim estabelecer, descobrir. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Have” significa ter, e não é isso que a palavra “establish” 
significa, e sim estabelecer, descobrir. 
GABARITO: A 
 
13 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Select the alternative that best completes 
the dialogue below. 
Jude: I ____ (see) Mary last Sunday. 
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John: Really? I ____ (not/see) her for years. How is she? 
a) saw – haven’t see 
b) saw – haven’t seen 
c) have seen – didn’t see 
d) have seen – haven’t seen 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “saw”. A expressão “last Sunday” usada no 
final da frase nos dá a noção de tempo definido e essa é uma das situações de uso do 
past simple. Portanto, é perfeito o uso do past simple nessa situação. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “haven’t seen”. A expressão “for years” 
indica tempo decorrido, sendo esse o principal sinal que a frase nos oferece de que 
precisamos usar o present perfect para preencher a lacuna. 
Temos a sequência: saw / haven’t seen 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
Economists have recognized that physical beauty affects wages, even in occupations 
where appearance does not seem relevant to job performance. It seems that attractive 
men and women are paid more than ordinary people for the same work. 
(Taken from The International Herald Tribune) 
 
14 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Choose the best alternative that presents 
the correct verb tense and the voice of the verbs underlined in the text, respectively. 
a) present perfect/active voice; simple present/passive voice. 
b) simple present/passive voice; present perfect/active voice. 
c) simple past/passive voice; present perfect/active voice. 
d) past perfect/active voice; simple present/passive voice. 
Comentários: 
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O primeiro verbo sublinhado é “have recognized”. Podemos observar a estrutura “have 
+ past participle”, o que nos remete ao tempo verbal present perfect. Além disso, 
podemos observar que os economistas são as pessoas que executam a ação de ter 
reconhecido algo. Portanto, podemos afirmar que esse verbo está na voz ativa, ou active 
voice. 
O primeiro verbo sublinhado é “are paid”. Podemos observar que o verbo to be está no 
presente ao ser conjugado como “are” e, assim, podemos afirmar que este verbo está 
conjugado no simple present, ainda que “paid” esteja no particípio. Além disso, 
podemos observar que os homens e mulheres atraentes sofrem a ação de receber o 
pagamento. Portanto, podemos afirmar que esse verbo está na voz passiva, ou passive 
voice. Isso explica o uso do particípio no verbo “paid” e ainda explica o porquê de o 
verbo estar no simple present. 
Temos a sequência: present perfect / active voice; simple present / passive voice. 
GABARITO: A 
 
15 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Select the correct modal verb that fills in the 
blank in the paragraph below. 
Paul feels very sick and dizzy. I think he has been drinking all night again. He ____ get out 
of bed this morning. 
a) will 
b) must 
c) can’t 
d) could 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O uso de “will” para preencher a lacuna não teria sentido, 
pois a frase diz que Paul se sente mal e tonto. Acho que ele esteve bebendo a noite toda 
de novo. Ele vai levantar da cama essa manhã. Perceba que não faz sentido dizer que ele 
vai levantar da cama se ele se sente mal e tonto. Seria lógico dizer que ele não consegue 
levantar da cama, e não que ele vai levantar. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O uso de “must” para preencher a lacuna não teria sentido, 
pois a frase diz que Paul se sente mal e tonto. Acho que ele esteve bebendo a noite toda 
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de novo. Ele tem que levantar da cama essa manhã. Perceba que não faz sentido dizer 
que ele vai levantar da cama se ele se sente mal e tonto. Seria lógico dizer que ele não 
consegue levantar da cama, e não que ele tem que levantar. 
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “can’t” é a ideal para preencher a lacuna, pois dá 
o sentido mais lógico ao trecho. Se ele se sente mal e tonto por ter bebido a noite toda, 
faz sentido que ele não consiga sair da cama de manhã. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O uso de “could” para preencher a lacuna não teria 
sentido, pois a frase diz que Paul se sente mal e tonto. Acho que ele esteve bebendo a 
noite toda de novo. Ele poderia levantar da cama essa manhã. Perceba que não faz 
sentido dizer que ele vai levantar da cama se ele se sente mal e tonto. Seria lógico dizer 
que ele não consegue levantar da cama, e não que ele poderia levantar. 
GABARITO: C 
 
16 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Choose the alternative that fills in the blank 
in the sentence below. 
Scientists say that when a person stops _____ very soon, the chances of getting cancerand other diseases reduce. 
a) smoke 
b) smokes 
c) smoked 
d) smoking 
Comentários: 
O uso do verbo “stops” antes da lacuna nos permite entender que o próximo verbo (no 
caso, o verbo “smoke”), deverá ser apresentado no gerúndio. O verbo “stop” faz parte 
de uma lista de verbos que são, normalmente, seguidos por outros verbos nas frases. 
Esses verbos exigem que o verbo subsequente esteja no gerúndio. Assim, temos: 
Scientists say that when a person stops smoking very soon, the chances of getting cancer 
and other diseases reduce. 
GABARITO: D 
 
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(Fonte:www.sisu.typepad.com) 
17 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) The verb “clear”, in the cartoon, can be 
replaced by 
a) clean 
b) bright 
c) prohibited 
d) authorized 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “clear”, no contexto apresentado, significa estar 
autorizado a fazer o que quiser, enquanto “clean” significa limpo. Não há relação entre 
as palavras. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “clear”, no contexto apresentado, significa estar 
autorizado a fazer o que quiser, enquanto “bright” significa brilhante, ou brilhar. Não há 
relação entre as palavras. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “clear”, no contexto apresentado, significa estar 
autorizado a fazer o que quiser, enquanto “prohibited” significa proibido. São palavras 
com significados opostos. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “clear”, no contexto apresentado, significa estar 
autorizado a fazer o que quiser, o mesmo significado de “authorized”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
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The story of a blind girl 
There was a blind girl who hated herself just because she was blind. She hated everyone, 
except her loving boyfriend. He was always there for her. She said that if she could only 
see the world, she would marry her boyfriend. 
One day, someone donated a pair of eyes to her and then she could see everything, 
including her boyfriend. Her boyfriend asked her, “Now that you can see the world, will 
you marry me?” 
The girl was shocked when she saw that her boyfriend was blind too, and refused to marry 
him. Her boyfriend walked away in tears, and later wrote a letter to her saying: “Just take 
care of my eyes dear.” 
Fonte: http://academictips.org/ 
 
18 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) The underlined verbs, in the text, are in the 
a) Simple Past 
b) Simple Present 
c) Present Perfect 
d) Present Continuous 
Podemos observar que os verbos são: was, said, donated, refused, walked, wrote. Todos 
os verbos sublinhados no texto e citados anteriormente neste comentário estão 
conjugados no simple past. Eles são o passado dos seguintes verbos, respectivamente: 
be, say, donate, refuse, walk, write. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
What was lost and what survived devastating Notre Dame fire 
David K. Li 
Some of the most prized, centuries-old relics of France and Christianity survived the 
devastating Notre Dame Cathedral fire that almost wiped out the cherished Paris 
landmark. 
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According to Culture Minister Frank Riester the “most precious treasures” were largely 
spared. Many of the works will be stored at Paris’ City Hall and the Louvre, where they 
will be examined, treated for damage and protected. 
Monday’s fire almost destroyed the entire cathedral, wich has stood in Paris and survived 
nearly 900 years of tumultuous French history. 
So far, authorities have said blaze appears to be an accident, possibly connected to a 
renovation project carried out by five companies. 
The fire was finally extinguished after nine hours of work. 
http://www.nbcnews.com. 
 
19 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) “...appears (...)”, underlined in the text is 
closest in meaning to _______ . Except: 
a) seems 
b) sounds 
c) looks like 
d) looks as if 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “seems” traz o mesmo sentido de “appears” no 
texto. As duas expressões significam parece. 
A alternativa B está correta. Nesse contexto, as duas palavras não são sinônimas. Se a 
alternativa trouxesse a espressão “sounds like”, teria o mesmo sentido de “appears”, 
mas a palavra “sounds” sozinha significa soa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “looks like” traz o mesmo sentido de 
“appears” no texto. As duas expressões significam parece. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “looks as if” traz o mesmo sentido de 
“appears” no texto. As duas expressões significam parece. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
Investigators find “similarities” between Ethiopian and Lion Air crashes. 
Anna Cardovillis, Kara fox and Dakin Andone 
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Preliminary data recovered from the black boxes of the last week Ethiopian Airlines crash 
has revealed “similarities” to October ‘s fatal Lion Air crash. 
Ethiopian Airlines flight 302 crashed March 10, six minutes after take off, killing all 157 
people on board. It was the second disaster involving a new Boeing 737 Max 8 aircraft in 
less than six months. In October, all 189 people on board Lion Air Flight were killed in 
Indonesia, 13 minutes after take off. Similarities between the two incidents led aviation 
authorities around the world to ban the use of 737 Max 8s. Investigators suspect the Lion 
Air crash may have been caused by an angle of attack sensor on the outside of the plane 
that transmitted incorrect data, which could have triggered the automated flight software 
that forced the plane’s nose down. The pilots first manually corrected an “automatic 
aircraft nose down two minutes after take off and performed the same procedure again 
and again before the plane hurtled into the Java Sea. 
http://wwww.slashgear.com. 
 
20 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020) In “Similarities between the two incidents 
led aviation authorities around the world to ban the use of 737 Max 8”, the underlined 
word is closest in meaning to 
a) allow 
b) permit 
c) forbid 
d) suggest 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “allow” traz o sentido de permitido, enquanto 
“ban” traz o sentido de algo banido, proibido. As duas expressões não têm relação de 
significação. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “permit” traz o sentido de permitido, enquanto 
“ban” traz o sentido de algo banido, proibido. As duas expressões não têm relação de 
significação. 
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “forbid” traz o sentido de proibir, e “ban” traz o 
sentido de algo banir, proibir. As duas expressões são sinônimas nesse contexto. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “suggest” traz o sentido de sugerir, enquanto 
“ban” traz o sentido de algo banido, proibido. As duas expressões não têm relação de 
significação. 
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GABARITO: C 
 
 
Evacuations as typhoon hits China coast 
More than 200,000 people ___________ evacuated as a typhoon made landfall on China’s 
east coast, state media say. Typhoon Yagi hit China’s Zhejiang province shortly before 
midnight on Sunday packing winds of up to 102km/h, the official Xinhua news agency 
reports, citing provincial flood control headquarters. 
A total of 204,949 people in 10 cities, including Taizhou, Zhoushan, and Wenzhou, have 
been evacuated and almost 21,000 fishing boats called back to port, it said. 
The storm will also bring heavy rain and will gradually weaken as it moves slowly inland 
to the northwest, Xinhua said. 
Summer is China’s typhoon season, although casualties ____________ minimised in recent 
years by early government planning and evacuations from potencial danger zones. 
Adapted from www.news.com. 
 
21 –(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2020)Complete the text with the correct 
alternative. 
a) has been – had been 
b) had been – had been 
c) has been – have been 
d) have been – have been 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “have been”. O texto diz que mais de 200.000 
pessoas tiveram que ser evacuadas por conta de um tufão na China, mas não é feita 
nenhuma menção sobre quando essa evacuação foi feita. Por ter uma sentença no 
passado que não sabemos quando aconteceu ou quando se encerrou, o uso do present 
perfect é o mais apropriado. Como “people” é plural, usamos o auxiliar “have”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “have been”. ”. O texto diz que o verão é a 
estação dos tufões na China, mas que as mortes vem sendo minimisadas graças ao 
planejamento antecipado do governo e evacuações de área de potencial perigo. Por ter 
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uma sentença no passado que não sabemos quando iniciou e que segue ocorrendo, o 
uso do present perfect é o mais apropriado. Como “casualties” é plural, usamos o auxiliar 
“have”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
22- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
The verb “getting” in the text (line 9) can be replaced by 
a) becoming 
b) arriving 
c) understanding 
d) obtaining 
 
Comentário: 
O verbo get pode ter muitos e muitos significados em Inglês e é sempre importante 
analisar o contexto. No trecho mencionado pela questão, ele tem o sentido de “se 
tornando” → Although the generation gap hasn’t disappeared completely, it is getting 
smaller all the time = Embora o hiato de gerações não tenha desaparecido 
completamente, ele está se tornando menor o tempo todo. Nas alternativas, 
corresponde a “becoming”. Quanto às demais: getting pode significar chegando 
(arriving), caso em que é usado com a preposição to, mas, como vimos, não é o sentido 
no trecho. (Ex: We’re getting to the hotel). Get também pode significar entendendo 
(understanding), mas também não é o sentido no trecho. (Ex: I’m not getting it.). Por fim, 
pode querer dizer obtendo (obtaining), mas não foi o caso no trecho (Ex: I’m getting 
good grades at school). 
 
Gabarito: A 
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23- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2011) 
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The underlined verb in the text can be replaced by 
a) trained. 
b) arranged. 
c) exercised. 
d) supported. 
 
Comentário: 
No trecho “the world-beating cheerleading squad coached by Sue Sylvester...” significa 
treinado, preparado, instruído. Vem de coach, que é um treinador. Assim, 
a) treinado. 
CORRETA, conforme a explicação. 
b) arranjados. 
ERRADA, não correspondendo ao sentido de coached. 
c) exercido. 
ERRADA, não correspondendo ao sentido de coached. 
d) apoiado (no sentido de ter apoio) 
ERRADA, não correspondendo ao sentido de coached. 
 
Gabarito: A 
 
24- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
The interrogative form of the sentence “he’s got a ragtag group” (lines 13 and 14) is: 
a) Is he got a ragtag group? 
b) Does he get a ragtag group? 
c) Is he get a ragtag group? 
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d) Has he got a ragtag group? 
 
Comentário: 
O verbo da frase está no Present Perfect. É um uso especial, que equivale a usar o verbo 
have/has, indicando que alguém tem, possui algo. Ex: I have a car = I’ve got a car. Assim, 
’s equivale a has, e na interrogativa deve passar à frente do sujeito. → Has he got a 
ragtag group? 
a) Is he got a ragtag group? 
’s não é is no caso, mas has. ERRADA. 
b) Does he get a ragtag group? 
’s não equivale a does. ERRADA. 
c) Is he get a ragtag group? 
’s não é is no caso, mas has. ERRADA. 
d) Has he got a ragtag group? 
CORRETA, conforme a explicação. 
 
Gabarito: D 
 
 
 
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25- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In there “There is a saying in English...” (line 1), saying is closest in meaning to 
a) speaking 
b) telling 
c) talk 
d) proverb 
 
Comentário: 
No trecho, saying está sendo usado como um substantivo (observe o uso do artigo 
indefinido “a” antes do termo) e tem o sentido de dito, provérbio. Nas alternativas, 
equivale a proverb (letra D). Não corresponde propriamente ao ato de falar (speaking), 
contar alguma coisa (telling) ou uma conversa (talk). 
 
Gabarito: D 
 
 
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26- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
In “... attending a conference...”, (line 4), the underlined word is closest in meaning to 
a) following. 
b) assisting at. 
c) being present at. 
d) paying attention to. 
 
Comentário: 
Apesar da semelhança com atender, attend, em Inglês, significa participar de algum 
evento, de um curso, uma conferência, estar presente. Assim, equivale ao sentido da 
letra C - estar presente em. Não tem sentido de seguindo (following), auxiliando em 
(assisting at) ou prestando atenção a (paying attention to). 
 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
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27- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
“do”, underlined in the extract, is being used 
a) for emphasis. 
b) as a modal verb. 
c) to avoid repetition. 
d) as a question word. 
 
Comentário: 
Conforme explicado na questão 39, o auxiliar “do” entra no lugar de toda a expressão 
“kill people” = these machines kill more people than sharks kill people. (Essas máquinas 
matam mais pessoas do que tubarões matam pessoas.). Observe como ficaria repetitivo 
sem o uso do auxiliar do. O auxiliar, dessa forma, evita a repetição. Dessa forma, está 
sendo usado 
a) para dar ênfase. 
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Esse é um uso possível do auxiliar do, antes do verbo principal em uma afirmativa (com 
sujeitos I, we, you e they e does para he, she e it), para enfatizar o que se diz. Ex: I do 
love pizza = Eu amo pizza (muito, de verdade). Porém, não foi esse o uso no trecho do 
texto. ERRADA. 
 
b) como verbo modal. 
Não usamos o auxiliar do como verbo modal. ERRADA. 
 
c) evitar repetição. 
Alternativa CORRETA, conforme explicação. 
 
d) como uma palavra de pergunta. 
Uma das funções mais típicas do auxiliar do é para construir perguntas no Simple Present 
(com sujeitos I, we, you e they). Mas ele não foi usado assim no texto. ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
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28- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
The correct verbs to fill in the blanks are, respectively 
a) find / comes 
b) found / came 
c) has found / came 
d) had found / comes 
 
Comentário: 
A expressão “a long time ago” é uma expressão de tempo passado, significando “há 
muito tempo”, “um longo tempo atrás”. E é ela que vai estabelecer o tempo em que os 
verbos serão usados, ou seja, também no passado (Simple Past). A única alternativa que 
trouxe os dois verbos no passado é a letra B (found: encontraram / came: veio). A letra 
A trouxe os dois verbos no presente, a letra C trouxe a primeira opção no Present Perfect 
(que pode indicar passado, mas não será usado com expressões de passado, como “a 
long time ago”), e a letra D trouxe os verbos no Past Perfect e no Presente. 
 
Gabarito: B 
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Hijacked jets destroy Twin Towers: a creeping horror 
The horror arrived in episodic bursts of chilling disbelief, signified first by trembling 
floors,sharp eruptions, cracked windows. There was the cruel sight of bodies helplessly 
tumbling out, some of _____ in flames. 
Finally, the high and impressive towers themselves were reduced to nothing. Dense 
plumes of smoke raced through the downtown avenues, coursing between the 
buildings, shaped like tornadoes on their sides. 
Every sound was cause for alarm. A plane appeared overhead. Was another one 
coming? No, it was a fighter jet. But was it friend or enemy? People scrambled for _____ 
lives, but _____ didn’t know where to go. Should people go north, south, east, west? 
Stay outside, go indoors? People hid beneath cars and each other. Some contemplated 
jumping into the river (…). 
Fonte:The New York Times, Sep. 12, 2001. 
GLOSSARY 
chilling disbelief – incredulidade assustadora 
trembling floors – o tremor dos andares 
to scramble – lutar 
 
29- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 ‘hid’, (paragraph 3), is the past tense of the verb 
a) hit. 
b) hike. 
c) hint. 
d) hide. 
Comentários: 
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A palavra “hid” é o tempo verbal past simple do verbo “to hide” (esconder-se). Trata-
se de um verbo irregular, cuja conjugação no presente é “hide”, no passado é “hid” e 
no particípio (usado na estrutura dos tempos perfect) é “hidden”. O passado do verbo 
“hike” é “hiked, do verbo “hint” é “hinted” e do verbo “hit” é “hit”. Portanto a 
alternativa D está correta. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
Greenpeace _____ against environmental degradation since 1971 when a small boat of 
volunteers and journalists _____ into the U.S. atomic test zone of Amchitka, Alaska. 
Our focus has been on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planet’s biodiversity 
and environment. It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals, and to 
challenge governments and corporations when they fail to act appropriately in order to 
protect our environment and our future. 
Fonte:www.greenpeace.org 
 
30- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
Choose the best verbal form to have the text completed, respectively: 
a) has campaigned – sailed 
b) had campaigned – sailed 
c) campaigned – was sailing 
d) was campaigning – has sailed 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “has campaigned”. O uso da expressão 
“since 1971” é indicativo de que a lacuna precisa ser preenchida no present perfect, 
pois indica tempo o decorrido desde 1971 até agora. Portanto, “has campaigned” é a 
única escolha possível. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “sailed”. O uso do past simple se faz 
necessário porque o texto diz que esse ato foi cometido em um momento específico 
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(em 1971). Quando temos um ato único e terminado, que sabemos exatamente 
quando ocorreu, usamos o past simple. Portanto, “sailed” é a única escolha possível. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
The Crab and His Mother 
Mamma Crab _____ to Baby Crab when she _____ that he was walking sideways. 
Mamma Crab said, ‘Why are you walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk 
straight.’ Baby Crab replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother, and I’ll follow your example.’ 
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain. She could not walk straight 
herself. Then, she saw how foolish she had been to find fault with her child. 
Fonte:Aesop’s Fables 
 
31- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
Choose the best verbal form to have the fable completed, respectively: 
a) talked – was noticed 
b) was talking – noticed 
c) has talked – was noticing 
d) has been talking – has noticed 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “was talking”. O trecho nos dá a entender 
que e mãe estava no meio de uma conversa quando percebeu algo. Portanto, 
podemos dizer que era uma ação em andamento no passado. Dessa forma, a melhor 
forma de preencher a lacuna é usando o past continuous. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “noticed”. O uso do past simple se faz 
necessário porque o texto diz que estava acontecendo uma conversa quando a mãe 
percebeu algo. Portanto, sabemos quando foi que ela percebeu. O conhecimento do 
momento no qual uma ação ocorreu, somado ao fato de que sabemos que essa ação 
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não se prolongou, afinal, perceber algo só leva um instante, nos dá a certeza de que a 
lacuna deve ser preenchida no past simple. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
32- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 ‘could’, underlined in the fable, was used to 
a) express prohibition. 
b) refuse permission. 
c) talk about ability. 
d) give an order. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “could” foi usada no texto para da ideia de 
capacidade de fazer algo, enquanto a alternativa fala sobre expressar proibição. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “could” foi usada no texto para da ideia de 
capacidade de fazer algo, enquanto a alternativa fala sobre recusar permissão. 
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “could” foi usada no texto para da ideia de 
capacidade de fazer algo, e a alternativa fala sobre capacidade. A alternativa define 
perfeitamente o uso da palavra “could” no texto. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “could” foi usada no texto para da ideia de 
capacidade de fazer algo, enquanto a alternativa fala sobre dar uma ordem. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
My neighbors love Christmas, but I don’t. In fact, if I can be completely honest, I hate 
Christmas. Maybe it’s because Christmas was always a little depressing when I was a 
young boy. Anyway, my neighbors really love Christmas and every year they decorate 
the inside and outside of their house with big, bright lights. This year, however, they 
really exaggerated: their lights are so bright that I can’t sleep at night! Tomorrow I am 
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going to speak to my neighbors and ask that the lights __________ reduced or 
removed. 
 
33- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the text. 
a) be 
b) are 
c) were 
d) have been 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A palavra “be” se encaixa corretamente na lacuna, tendo 
em vista que ele vai pedir aos seus vizinhos que as luzes sejam retiradas ou reduzidas. 
Alguns verbos como ask, help ou have podem ser usados dessa forma, sem a 
necessidade do uso da preposição “to” antes do verbo subsequente. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “are” não se encaixa corretamente na lacuna, 
pois formaria uma estrutura que é mais comum no uso da voz passiva “are reduced”, e 
o trecho está na voz ativa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “were” não se encaixa adequadamente na 
lacuna, pois o trecho começa com a palavra “tomorrow”. Portanto, ele ainda vai pedir 
para que seja feito, não fazendo sentido o uso do verbo no passado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “have been” não se encaixa adequadamente 
na lacuna, pois o trecho começa com a palavra “tomorrow”. Portanto, ele ainda vai 
pedir para que seja feito, não fazendo sentido o uso do verbo no passado. 
GABARITO: A 
 
34- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The word “can”, in bold in the text, expresses ________. 
a) quality 
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b) permission 
c) prohibition 
d) importance 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O verbo modal “can” expressa permissão. Se eu posso 
ser completamente honesto, eu odeio o natal. Portanto, não podemos afirmar que o 
modal indica qualidade. 
A alternativa B está correta. O verbo modal “can” expressa permissão. Se eu posso ser 
completamente honesto, eu odeio o natal. 
A alternativa C está incorreta.O verbo modal “can” expressa permissão. Se eu posso 
ser completamente honesto, eu odeio o natal. Portanto, não podemos afirmar que o 
modal indica proibição. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O verbo modal “can” expressa permissão. Se eu posso 
ser completamente honesto, eu odeio o natal. Portanto, não podemos afirmar que o 
modal indica importância. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
The pilot of a Beech Baron airplane noticed that one of his engines was on fire. He 
contacted the nearest air traffic control center to ask for help. 
The voice __________ the radio answered, “This is the Control Tower. “Please inform 
your altitude”. 
The pilot replied, “We are at 30,000 feet”. 
 
35- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The word “inform”, in bold in the text, is a verb in the __________. 
a) infinitive 
b) imperative 
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c) subjunctive 
d) passive voice 
Comentários: 
Nesse caso, o trecho em que a palavra está inserida, a torre de controle diz ao piloto: 
Por favor, informe sua altitude. Informe é um verbo conjugado no imperativo e, 
embora possamos observar o uso da expressão por favor, isso não muda o fato de que 
o verbo está conjugado no imperativo. Todo esse raciocínio aplicado, neste 
comentário, em língua portuguesa, aplica-se sem nenhum ônus ao trecho em língua 
inglesa que encontramos no texto. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
Homeless crack addict revitalizes small square in downtown São Paulo 
A homeless man has chosen to occupy his free time revitalizing a small square on the 
corner of avenues São Joãoand Duque de Caxias, in downtown São Paulo. He planted 
pau-brasil, palm, banana and avocado trees. He also planted boldo, sweet potatoes, 
beans, peppers and ornamental plants, such as snake plants. Residents noticed the 
square’s gradual changes and congratulated the author for the modifications. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo Internacional – 21/03/2017 
 
36- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 Choose the alternative that is NOT in the Simple Past: 
a) A man has chosen to occupy his free time revitalizing a square. 
b) People congratulated the man for the gradual changes in the square. 
c) He planted a number of pau-brasil, palm and banana trees. 
d) Residents noticed the square’s changes. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O verbo “has chosen” está conjugado no present perfect, 
e não no simple past. 
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A alternativa B está incorreta. O verbo “congratulated” está conjugado no simple past. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O verbo “planted” está conjugado no past simple. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O verbo “noticed” está conjugado no simple past. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
Economic crisis increases consumption of rice and beans in Brazil 
The economic crisis is making the Brazilian consumer exchange meat for the traditional 
dish of rice and beans. High unemployment and falling incomes, together with the low 
prices of these products, caused by good harvest, are responsible for the increase in 
demand, __________ will be 15% to 20% this month, compared to the prediction for the 
year. The average consumption per capita is around 3, 5 kilos of rice and 1, 5 kilo of 
beans. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional -10/05/2017 
GLOSSARY 
harvest = colheita 
average consumption = consumo médio 
 
37- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The words “is making”, underlined in the text, form a verb in the __________. 
a) simple past 
b) future tense 
c) simple present 
d) present progressive 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O “simple past” do verbo “to make” é “made”, não 
“making”. 
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A alternativa B está incorreta. O “future tense” do verbo “to make” é “will make”, não 
“making”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O “simple present” do verbo “to make” é “make”, não 
“making”. 
A alternativa D está correta. “Present progressive” é também chamado de “present 
continuous”. O “present continuous” do verbo “to make” é “making”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
It’s never too late to make changes to prevent diseases that may end your flying career. 
And becoming healthier doesn’t mean you have to make major changes. Here are 
some tips on what you can do today to keep yourself in the air for years to come. 
- take the stairs instead of riding the elevator; 
- limit red meat; 
- consume more vegetables; 
- wear UV-blocking sunglasses; 
- walk more; 
- try a yoga class; 
- don’t smoke; 
- drink a lot of water; 
- find an activity that you love after retirement. 
Fonte:http://goo.gl/W3uCrU Acess 30/05/2017 
 
 
38- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 In the sentence “It’s never too late to make changes to prevent diseases that may end 
your flying career”, the modal verb “may” expresses __________. 
a) ability 
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b) necessity 
c) deduction 
d) possibility 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O verbo modal “may” indica possibiliadade, pois diz que 
se deve evitar doenças que podem acabar com sua carreira como piloto. Sendo assim, 
não se pode dizer que o verbo fala sobre capacidade. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O verbo modal “may” indica possibiliadade, pois diz que 
se deve evitar doenças que podem acabar com sua carreira como piloto. Sendo assim, 
não se pode dizer que o verbo fala sobre necessidade. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O verbo modal “may” indica possibiliadade, pois diz que 
se deve evitar doenças que podem acabar com sua carreira como piloto. Sendo assim, 
não se pode dizer que o verbo fala sobre dedução. 
A alternativa D está correta. O verbo modal “may” indica possibiliadade, pois diz que 
se deve evitar doenças que podem acabar com sua carreira como piloto. Sendo assim, 
não se pode dizer que o verbo fala sobre capacidade. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
“Cracolândia” drug addicts have already spread to more than 20 different areas in São 
Paulo 
Five days after a police operation in Cracolândia (Crackland) in the center of São Paulo, 
drug addicts 
have spread to various parts of the region, such as Paulista avenue, as well as the space 
underneath the João Goulart overpass, which is also known as the Minhocão. 
The officers from the GCM (the Metropolitan Civil Guard) have accompanied the 
movement of those who belonged to the “flow” (fluxo) – a term used to describe 
outdoor areas where people negotiate and consume drugs. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional – 26/05/2017 
GLOSSARY 
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overpass = viaduto, elevado 
 
39- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The verbs “have spread” and “have accompanied”, underlined in the text, are in the 
__________. 
a) simple past 
b) future tense 
c) present perfect 
d) past progressive 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O “Simple Past” é caracterizado pelo uso do verbo no 
passado, sem o uso de auxiliares. Podemos observar que ambas as estruturas utilizam o 
auxiliar “have”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O “Future Tense” pode ser caracterizado pelo uso do 
auxiliar “will” ou pelo uso da expressão “going to” antes do verbo principal. O auxiliar 
usado no enunciado é o “have”. Isso descarta o tempo futuro. 
A alternativa C está correta. A estrutura usada no enunciado é a do “Present Perfect”, 
com o uso do auxiliar “have” seguido do verbo conjugado no particípio. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O “Past Progressive” exige que o verbo esteja no 
gerúndio para ser caracterizado seu uso. O verbo do enunciado está conjugado no 
particípio, não no gerúndio. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the comic strip. 
 
 
 
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Adapted from https://comics.azcentral.com/slideshow?comic=bn 
 
40- (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
“The kid’s earned his money” in the strip is in the: 
a) Simple Present Tense 
b) Simple Past Tense 
c) Past Perfect Tense 
d) Present Perfect Tense 
Comentários: 
O trecho traz uma contração que pode ser enganosa “kid’s”, mas perceba que logo 
após essa contração, observamos o verbo “earn” escrito no particípio, o que nos leva a 
entender que o apóstrofo “s” em questão é uma contração de “kid has”. Isso nos leva 
à estrutura do tempo verbal present perfect. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
Arrest Dog 
A police department has temporarily stopped the use of arrest dogs after a shocking 
bodycam footage came to light. 
The video shows US police officers ordering a dog to attack an unresisting black man. 
The suspect was already handcuffed when the dog latched onto his leg for 20 seconds. 
In the video, a police officer can be heard repeatedly praising the animal, saying ´good 
boy´. 
The police department said that the officer had been placed on administrative leave. 
According to the suspect, the injury was avoidable; however, he also said that he 
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suffered permanent nerve and tendon damage with infections that could lead to 
amputation. 
The incident happened almost one month before George Floyd´s death. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com 
 
41- (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 The word, “latched”, in bold type in the text, is closest in meaning to __________. 
Except: 
a) held 
b) bit 
c) licked 
d) caught 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Lachted” significa segurou algo, agarrou. “Held” 
significa segurou e tem a mesma ideia de “latched” no contexto apresentado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Lachted” significa segurou algo, agarrou. “Bit” significa 
mordeu e tem a mesma ideia de “latched” no contexto apresentado. 
A alternativa C está correta. “Lachted” significa segurou algo, agarrou. “Licked” 
significa lambeu e não tem nenhuma relação com a ideia de “latched” no contexto 
apresentado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Lachted” significa segurou algo, agarrou. “Caught” 
significa pegou e tem a mesma ideia de “latched” no contexto apresentado. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
The Marine’s Father 
A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside. 
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“Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times 
before the patient’s eyes opened. 
Heavily sedated because of the pain of his heart attack, he dimly saw the young 
uniformed Marine standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The 
Marine wrapped his toughened fingers around the old man’s limp ones, squeezing a 
message of love and encouragement. 
The nurse brought a chair so that the Marine could sit beside the bed. All through the 
night the young Marine sat there in the poorly lighted ward, holding the old man’s 
hand and offering him words of love and strength. Occasionally, the nurse suggested 
that the Marine move away and rest awhile. 
He refused. Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was oblivious of her 
and of the night noises of the hospital – the clanking of the oxygen tank, the laughter of 
the night staff members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans of the other 
patients. 
Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only 
held tightly to his son all through the night. 
Along towards dawn, the old man died. The Marine released the now lifeless hand he 
had been holding and went to tell the nurse. While she did what she had to do, he 
waited. 
Finally, she returned. She started to offer words of sympathy, but the Marine 
interrupted her. 
“Who was that man?” he asked. 
The nurse was startled, “He was your father,” she answered. 
“No, he wasn’t,” the Marine replied. 
“I never saw him before in my life.” 
“Then why didn’t you say something when I took you to him?” 
“I knew right away there had been a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and 
his son just wasn’t here. When I realized that he was too sick to tell whether or not I was 
his son, knowing how much he needed me, I stayed.” 
Author Unknown 
Adapted from (https://academictips.org/blogs/military-story-the-marines-father/) 
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42- (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 In " The nurse was startled", the word, in bold type, is closest in meaning to 
_____________ . Except: 
a) surprised 
b) disconcerted 
c) disturbed 
d) flattered 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O termo “startled” quer dizer que alguém está surpreso 
ou perturbado com algo, e “suprised” significa surpreso, havendo relação próxima 
entre as palavras. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O termo “startled” quer dizer que alguém está surpreso 
ou perturbado com algo, e “disconcerted” significa desconcertado, havendo relação 
próxima entre as palavras. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O termo “startled” quer dizer que alguém está surpreso 
ou perturbado com algo, e “disturbed” significa perturbado, havendo relação próxima 
entre as palavras. 
A alternativa D está correta. O termo “startled” quer dizer que alguém está surpreso ou 
perturbado com algo, enquanto “flattered” significa lisonjeado, não havendo nenhuma 
relação entre as palavras. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
Ugandan gorillas in Bwindi park have 'baby boom' 
Five baby gorillas have been born in six weeks in Bwindi National Park, leading the 
Ugandan Wildlife Service (UWS) to declare a baby boom. 
 Announcing the latest birth, the UWS said: "The Rushegura gorilla family welcomes 
another bouncing cute baby gorilla". 
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 Seven babies have been born since January compared to three for the whole of 2019, 
according to the UWS. 
 Mountain gorillas are endangered with just over 1,000 in existence. 
 The UWS told the BBC that this year was unprecedented for gorilla births but it is not 
clear why there has been this uptick. 
 The five recent births were to different families, not to the same family, as we initially 
reported. 
 BBC Africa correspondent Catherine Byaruhanga says the baby boom comes as the 
parks are testing out visits to primate locations, which were stopped due to coronavirus. 
 In March, most of Uganda's tourism sector was shut down and the industry is slowly 
opening up but primates are of particular concern as they share so much of our DNA. 
 Now, small groups of visitors are allowed into protected areas as new safety 
procedures, such as wearing face masks and social distancing, are tried out. 
 Poaching has also been a major worry for authorities especially during the lockdown. 
 In July, a man was sentenced to 11 years in prison over the killing of Rafiki, a silverback 
gorilla in Bwindi. 
 Around 400 gorillas live in Bwindi, in 10 family groups. 
 The mountain gorilla species is restricted to protected areas in the Democratic 
Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda. 
 As well as in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, they can also be found in a network 
of parks in the Virunga Massif range of mountains which straddle the borders of the 
three countries. 
 In 2018, the mountain gorilla was removed from the list of critically endangered 
species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, after intensive 
conservation efforts, including anti-poaching patrols, paid off. 
 The IUCN now classifies the species as endangered. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53997900) 
 
43- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words SAID and TOLD inthe text 
are 
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a) Regular verbs 
b) Modal verbs 
c) Are not verbs 
d) Irregular verbs 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. As palavras “said” e “told” não são regular verbs (verbos 
regulares), mas sim, irregular verbs (verbos irregulares) no passado, que no presente 
são “to say” e “to tell”, respectivamente. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. As palavras “said” e “told” não são modal verbs (verbos 
modais), mas sim, irregular verbs (verbos irregulares) no passado, que no presente são 
“to say” e “to tell”, respectivamente. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. As palavras “said” e “told” são irregular verbs (verbos 
irregulares) no passado, que no presente são “to say” e “to tell”, respectivamente, ou 
seja, não é correto afirmar que não são verbos. 
A alternativa D está correta. As palavras “said” e “told” são irregular verbs (verbos 
irregulares) no passado, que no presente são “to say” e “to tell”, respectivamente, 
assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: D 
 
44- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best 
response 
 
a) The five recent births could be to the same family 
b) The five recent births were to the same family 
c) The five recent births were to different families 
d) The five recent births might be to different families 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os 
cinco nascimentos recentes podem ser da mesma família, mas sim, que os nascimentos 
foram de diferentes famílias. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The five recent 
births were to different families, not to the same family…”. 
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A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os 
cinco nascimentos recentes foram da mesma família, mas sim, que os nascimentos 
foram de diferentes famílias. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The five recent 
births were to different families, not to the same family…”. 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que os cinco 
nascimentos recentes foram de diferentes famílias, assim como esta opção indica. Isso 
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The five recent births were to different families, 
not to the same family…”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os 
cinco nascimentos recentes podem ter sido de diferentes famílias, mas sim, que os 
nascimentos foram de diferentes famílias. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The 
five recent births were to different families, not to the same family…”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the comic strip.
 
(Adapted from https://comics.azcentral.com/slideshow?comic=ca) 
 
45- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) We aren’t 
b) We were 
c) We are 
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d) We weren’t 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser completado 
com o verb to be na negativa (we aren’t), mas sim, na afirmativa (we are), pois, logo 
depois já tem a palavra “not” indicando negação. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser completado 
com o verb to be no passado (we were), mas sim, na afirmativa e no presente (we are), 
pois, logo depois já tem a palavra “not” indicando negação. 
A alternativa C está correta. O espaço em branco na tirinha pode ser completado com 
o verb to be na afirmativa e no presente (we are), pois, logo depois já tem a palavra 
“not” indicando negação, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser completado 
com o verb to be na negativa e no passado (we weren’t), mas sim, na afirmativa e no 
presente (we are), pois, logo depois já tem a palavra “not” indicando negação. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the comic strip.
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/08/19) 
 
46- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Were 
b) Are 
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c) Is 
d) Am 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser preenchido 
com “were” (estava) pois se refere a algo no passado, enquanto a tirinha se refere ao 
presente, ou seja, o correto é “are” (está), pois o menino dirige diretamente a palavra 
ao avô. 
A alternativa B está correta. O espaço em branco na tirinha pode ser preenchido com 
“are” (está), pois o menino dirige diretamente a palavra ao avô, no presente, assim 
como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser preenchido 
com “is” (está), o correto é “are” (está), pois o menino dirige diretamente a palavra ao 
avô, ou seja, pronome “you” (você). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser preenchido 
com “am” pois se refere ao pronome (I), o correto é “are” (está), pois o menino dirige a 
palavra ao avô, ou seja, pronome “you” (você). 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
More than 400 migrants have crossed the English Channel in small boats - a record for 
a single day. 
Border Force _______ 409 people, including young children, on board 27 boats, with 
several further vessels still being dealt with. Some of the migrants were carrying 
children too young to walk. Prime Minister Boris Johnson earlier on Wednesday said the 
UK had become "a target and a magnet for those who would exploit vulnerable people 
in this way". 
A further 53 people were rescued by French authorities after getting into difficulties 
before reaching British waters. Some 145 people had crossed the Channel in 18 small 
boats on Tuesday. Rough seas brought on by Storm Francis made crossings impossible 
at the end of August, but conditions have improved in the first two days of September. 
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Speaking in the Commons during Prime Minister's Questions, Mr Johnson said: "I have 
a great deal of sympathy with those who are desperate as to put their children in 
dinghies or in children's paddling pools and try to cross the channel. 
"But I have to say what they're doing is falling prey to criminal gangs and they are 
breaking the law." He added: "It also undermines the legitimate claims of others who 
seek asylum in this country”. "We will address the rigidities in our laws that make this 
country, I'm afraid, a target and a magnet for those who would exploit vulnerable 
people in this way." 
More than 1,468 migrants made the crossing by small boat in August despite a vow 
from Home Secretary Priti Patel to make the dangerous route "unviable". The Home 
Office does not provide information on how many children are making the crossing on 
small boats. 
Home Office minister Chris Philp told the Commons on Wednesday the government 
was attempting to return 1,000 people who had arrived in the UK, having "previously 
claimed asylum in European countries, and under the regulations legally should be 
returned there". More than 7,400 migrants have crossed the Channel in small boats 
since January 2019. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-kent-54000755) 
 
47- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the appropriate word to fill in 
the blank. 
 
a) Has been intercepting 
b) Had intercepted 
c) Has intercepted 
d) Intercepted 
Comentários: 
A lacuna precisa ser preenchida pelo verbo “has intercepted”. O present perfect é 
necessário porque o texto não nos dá a exata noção de quando ocorreu o fato. O fato 
de o próprio título do texto estar escrito notempo verbal present perfect é outro bom 
indicativo que esse é o tempo verbal mais adequado para preencher a lacuna. 
GABARITO: C 
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Read the comic strip. 
 
(https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/09/01) 
 
48- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “… ARE RAW...” in the comic is in the 
 
a) Simple past 
b) Future simple 
c) Present continuous 
d) Simple present 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase “...are raw...” não está no simple past (passado 
simples), mas sim, no simple present (presente simples). 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase “...are raw...” não está no future simple (futuro 
simples), mas sim, no simple present (presente simples). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase “...are raw...” não está no present continuous 
(presente contínuo), mas sim, no simple present (presente simples). 
A alternativa D está correta. A frase “...are raw...” está no simple present (presente 
simples), assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
How President Trump can still win the US election 
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 Recent polls suggest Joe Biden has a significant and steady lead over Republican 
Donald Trump in this year's presidential race in both national preference and key swing-
state surveys. 
 Due to record-shattering fundraising, the Democrat also has a sizeable financial 
advantage, which means he'll be able to blanket the airwaves with his campaign message 
in the final weeks. 
 Electoral analysts have been increasing their odds that Trump will lose his re-election 
bid. Nate Silver's Fivethirtyeight.com blog currently has Biden with an 87% chance of 
winning, while Decision Desk HQ puts him at 83.5%. 
 
How is Trump doing in the polls? 
 If all of this is painfully familiar to Democrats, it should be. At a similar point four years 
ago, Hillary Clinton was also predicted to have a high likelihood of victory. They 
remember how that turned out. 
 Could history repeat itself with another Trump victory? 
 
The polls are wrong 
 Practically since Biden secured the Democratic Party's presidential nomination, national 
polls have given him a steady lead over Trump. Even in key swing states, which have 
shown a tighter race, Biden has demonstrated a consistent lead frequently outside the 
margin of error. 
 As 2016 demonstrated, however, national leads are irrelevant and state-level polls can 
miss the mark. 
 Predicting what a presidential electorate will look like - that is, who will actually show up 
to cast a ballot - is a challenge in every election, and some pollsters got it wrong last 
time, undercounting the number of white, non-college-educated voters who would turn 
out for Trump. 
 Although the New York Times predicts Biden's current margins would protect him from 
even a 2016-level misfire, pollsters have some new obstacles to overcome in 2020. 
 Many Americans, for instance, are planning to vote by mail for the first time. Republicans 
are already promising to aggressively challenge mail-in ballots to prevent what they say 
could be the potential for widespread fraud - something Democrats have said is really an 
effort at voter suppression. 
 If voters fill out their forms incorrectly or do not follow proper procedure, or there is 
delay or disruption in mail delivery, it could lead to otherwise valid ballots being 
discarded. Understaffed or limited in-person polling places could also make it more 
difficult to vote on election day, discouraging Americans who had been considered by 
pollsters to be "likely voters." 
 
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49- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words LOSE and WAS in the text 
are 
 
a) Regular verbs 
b) Not verbs 
c) Modal verbs 
d) Irregular verbs 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. As palavras “lose” e “was” não são regular verbs (verbos 
regulares), mas sim, irregular verbs (verbos irregulares) no futuro e no passado, que no 
presente são “to lose” e “to be”, respectivamente. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. As palavras “lose” e “was” são irregular verbs (verbos 
irregulares) no futuro e no passado, que no presente são “to lose” e “to be”, 
respectivamente, ou seja, não é correto afirmar que não são verbos. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. As palavras “said” e “told” não são modal verbs (verbos 
modais), mas sim, irregular verbs (verbos irregulares) no futuro e no passado, que no 
presente são “to lose” e “to be”, respectivamente. 
A alternativa D está correta. As palavras “lose” e “was” são irregular verbs (verbos 
irregulares) no futuro e no passado, que no presente são “to lose” e “to be”, 
respectivamente, assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes/2020/10/12) 
 
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50- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Mustn’t 
b) Can 
c) Should 
d) Have to 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase em questão não pede “mustn’t” (não devemos) 
pois nos infere que o menino diz que ir para a cama é uma obrigação, ou seja, o que se 
encaixa é “have to” (temos que). 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase em questão não pede “can” (podemos) pois nos 
infere que o menino diz que ir para a cama é uma obrigação, ou seja, o que se encaixa 
é “have to” (temos que). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase em questão não pede “should” (devríamos) pois 
nos infere que o menino diz que ir para a cama é uma obrigação, ou seja, o que se 
encaixa é “have to” (temos que). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase em questão nos infere que o menino diz que ir 
para a cama é uma obrigação, ou seja, o que se encaixa é “have to” (temos que), assim 
como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/16) 
 
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51- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Drowns 
b) Has drowned 
c) Drowning 
d) Was drowning 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase não pede um verbo no simple present (drowns – 
afoga), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous (drowning – afogando). 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase não pede um verbo no present perfect (has 
drowned – tem afogado), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous (drowning – 
afogando). 
A alternativa C está correta. A frase pede um verbo no present continuous (drowning – 
afogando), assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase não pede um verbo no past continuous (was 
drowning – estava afogando), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous (drowning – 
afogando). 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
A 12-year-old found a 69 million-year-old dinosaur fossil while hiking with his dad 
 Nathan Hrushkin _____ to be a paleontologist for as long as he can remember, and the 
12-year-old has already made a significant discovery. 
 He found a partially unearthed dinosaur fossil while hiking with his dad this summer 
at a conservation site in the Horseshoe Canyon in the Badlands of Alberta, Canada. 
 "It's pretty amazing to find something that's like real, like an actual dinosaur 
discovery," he told CNN. "It's kind of been my dream for a while." 
 The fossil was a humerus bone from the arm of a juvenile hadrosaur -- a duck-billed 
dinosaur that lived about 69 million years ago, according to a news release from the 
Nature Conservancy of Canada. 
 Nathan and his dad, Dion, had found bone fragments in the area on a previous hike 
and thought that theymight have washed down from farther up the hill. 
 They were just finishing lunch when Nathan climbed up the hill to take a look. 
 "He called down to me, he's like, 'Dad, you need to get up here,' and as soon as he 
said that I could tell by the tone in his voice that he found something," Dion Hrushkin 
said. 
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 Nathan said the fossil was very obvious and it looked like "a scene on a TV show or a 
cartoon or something." 
 They sent pictures of the bone to the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, which 
identified the fossil and sent a team of paleontologists to the site. 
 Fossils are protected by law in Alberta, and the NCC said that it is important that 
people don't disturb any fossils they may find. 
 The crew has been working at the site for about two months and uncovered between 
30 and 50 bones that came from a single young hadrosaur that was about three or four 
years old, according to the statement. 
 Hadrosaur bones are the most common fossils found in Alberta's badlands, but few 
juvenile skeletons have been found, the statement said. It was also found in a layer of 
rock that rarely preserves fossils. 
 "This young hadrosaur is a very important discovery because it comes from a time 
interval for which we know very little about what kind of dinosaurs or animals lived in 
Alberta," François Therrien, the Royal Tyrrell Museum's curator of dinosaur 
palaeoecology, said in the statement. "Nathan and Dion's find will help us fill this big 
gap in our knowledge of dinosaur evolution." 
 The fossils were very close together, so the paleontologists removed large pieces of 
the surrounding rock from the canyon walls. 
 One of the fossil-rich slabs weighed about 1,000 pounds and was more than four feet 
wide, according to Carys Richards, a communications manager with the NCC. 
 Nathan had heard of the hadrosaur before his big find but said it wasn't the most well-
known dinosaur. 
 It's probably his favorite now -- beating out the wildly popular Tyrannosaurus rex. 
 Nathan and his dad have come to watch the dig several times since the discovery and 
were there on Thursday when the team was hauling out the last specimens. 
 "It was pretty fun to be there and watch them do their things," Nathan said. 
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/16/world/canada-dinosaur-find-12-
year-old-trnd-scn/index.html) 
 
52- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the appropriate word to fill in 
the blank 
 
a) Wanted 
b) Want 
c) Is wanting 
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d) Has wanted 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase em questão não nos pede um verbo no simple 
past (wanted – queria), mas sim, um verbo no present perfect (has wanted – quer) 
considerando que a frase é “Athan Hrushkin quer ser paleontólogo desde que se 
lembra...”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase em questão não nos pede um verbo no simple 
present (want – quer), mas sim, um verbo no present perfect (has wanted – quer) 
considerando que a frase é “Athan Hrushkin quer ser paleontólogo desde que se 
lembra...”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase em questão não nos pede um verbo no present 
continuous (is wanting – está querendo), mas sim, um verbo no present perfect (has 
wanted – quer) considerando que a frase é “Athan Hrushkin quer ser paleontólogo 
desde que se lembra...”. 
A alternativa D está correta. A frase em questão nos pede um verbo no present perfect 
(has wanted – quer) considerando que a frase é “Athan Hrushkin quer ser paleontólogo 
desde que se lembra...”, assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
Holden Matthews: US man jailed for burning historic black churches 
A young white man has been jailed for 25 years for burning down three historic black 
churches in the US state of Louisiana last year. 
 Heavy metal musician Holden Matthews, 23, was also ordered to pay $2.7m (£2.1m) in 
restitution. He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within his favoured 
music scene. 
 A judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked 
memories of a "dark time in history." 
 White supremacists attacked black churches during America's civil rights era. The three 
churches Matthews burnt were St Mary Baptist Church in Port Barre, Greater Union 
Baptist Church in Opelousas and Mount Pleasant Baptist Church in Opelousas, between 
26 March and 4 April. 
 Matthews, the son of a local sheriff's deputy, admitted to posting photographs and 
video on Facebook of the first two churches burning. 
 All three buildings were razed to the ground by the fires, but no-one was injured 
because they were torched at night. 
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 A judge cleared him of hate crime charges, which Matthews admitted to earlier this year. 
But he was found guilty of three counts of arson on religious buildings, and one count of 
using fire to commit a federal felony. 
 At the time of the attacks, Matthews was a member of a band called Vodka Vultures. In 
a plea hearing, he said he had sought to emulate church burnings carried out by "black 
metal" music fans in Norway in the 1990s. During that period, at least 50 Christian 
churches in Norway were attacked by arsonists in the name of "black metal", a subgenre 
of heavy metal music. 
 In a statement, Acting US Attorney Alexander Van Hook said Matthews' sentence 
"should send a clear message that there is a high price to pay for this type of destruction 
and violence". 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54779878) 
 
53- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words ORDERED and EVOKED in 
the text are 
 
a) Irregular verbs 
b) Not verbs 
c) Modal verbs 
d) Regular verbs 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que as palavras “ordered” 
(ordenado) e “evoked” (evocou) são “irregular verbs” (verbos irregulares), mas sim, que 
são “regular verbs”, considerando que ao final da palavra se adicionou o sufixo -ed. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que as palavras “ordered” 
(ordenado) e “evoked” (evocou) não são “verbs” (verbos), mas sim, que são “regular 
verbs”, considerando que ao final da palavra se adicionou o sufixo -ed e expressam 
uma ação. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que as palavras “ordered” 
(ordenado) e “evoked” (evocou) são “modal verbs” (verbos modais), mas sim, que são 
“regular verbs”, considerando que ao final da palavra se adicionou o sufixo -ed. 
A alternativa D está correta. É correto afirmar que as palavras “ordered” (ordenado) e 
“evoked” (evocou) são “regular verbs”, considerando que ao final da palavra se 
adicionou o sufixo -ed, assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
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Read the comic strip. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/11/03) 
 
54- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Did 
b) Have 
c) Do 
d) Can 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa o espaço em branco não 
é “did” (passado), mas sim, “do” (presente) pois a frase se encontra no presente, ou 
seja, o verbo deve estar no presente e criar a frase “você se importa se eu me sentar 
aqui?”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa o espaço em branco não 
é “have” (tem), mas sim, “do” (fazer) pois a frase se encontra no presente, ou seja, o 
verbo deve estar no presente e criar a frase “você se importa se eu me sentar aqui?”. 
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra que melhor completa o espaço em branco é 
“do” (fazer - presente), assim como esta opção indica; pois a frase se encontra no 
presente,ou seja, o verbo deve estar no presente e criar a frase “você se importa se eu 
me sentar aqui?”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa o espaço em branco não 
é “can” (tem), mas sim, “do” (fazer) pois a frase se encontra no presente, ou seja, o 
verbo deve estar no presente e criar a frase “você se importa se eu me sentar aqui?”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
Read the comic strip. 
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(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/31) 
 
 
55- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Say 
b) Have been saying 
c) Had said 
d) Said 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O tempo verbal do verbo “to say” (dizer) que melhor 
completa o espaço em branco não é “say” (simple present), mas sim, “said” (simple 
past), para completar a frase “who said so?” (quem disse isso?). 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O tempo verbal do verbo “to say” (dizer) que melhor 
completa o espaço em branco não é “have been saying” (present perfect continuous), 
mas sim, “said” (simple past), para completar a frase “who said so?” (quem disse isso?). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O tempo verbal do verbo “to say” (dizer) que melhor 
completa o espaço em branco não é “had said” (past perfect), mas sim, “said” (simple 
past), para completar a frase “who said so?” (quem disse isso?). 
A alternativa D está correta. O tempo verbal do verbo “to say” (dizer) que melhor 
completa o espaço em branco é “said” (simple past), para completar a frase “who said 
so?” (quem disse isso?), assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
WhatsApp lets messages vanish after seven days 
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WhatsApp is introducing a "disappearing messages" option that will erase chats from 
the phone of both the sender and recipient after seven days. 
 The Facebook-owned app, which has two billion users worldwide, said the setting would 
help keep chats private. 
 But it said recipients would still be able to screenshot or forward any messages, photos 
or videos that they wanted to keep. The option will appear for WhatsApp users by the 
end of November. 
 In a blog, the company said messages could be set to expire after seven days to offer 
"peace of mind that conversations aren't permanent, while remaining practical so you 
don't forget what you were chatting about". 
 In April 2019, Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg pledged to make several 
changes to the social network to offer users more privacy. 
 One of his proposed changes was offering more "ephemeral" ways to share content, 
including disappearing messages. 
 The company also hopes to integrate its messaging platforms, making WhatsApp, 
Instagram and Facebook Messenger interoperable. 
 Rival messaging app Snapchat, which has provided inspiration for a number of 
Facebook's features, was built on the principle of disappearing messages. 
 "Remarkable that this was so long in coming to WhatsApp, given that it launched Status 
(also a disappearing feature) back in 2017, that ephemeral is huge, and that this is 
Facebook we are talking about," said Ingrid Lunden, a journalist for Tech Crunch, on 
Twitter. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54825021) 
 
 
56- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The words SAID and BUILT in the text 
are 
 
a) Modal verbs 
b) Phrasal verbs 
c) Irregular verbs 
d) Not verbs 
Comentários: 
Os verbos em questão são irregular verbs (verbos irregulares), pois na forma de passado, 
não utilizam o sufixo -ed, mas sim, uma estrutura singular; cujos forma no presente são 
“say” e “build”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
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Read the comic strip. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/28) 
 
57- (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to 
complete the blank 
 
a) Know 
b) Have known 
c) Knew 
d) Knowed 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O tempo verbal correto não é simple present – presente 
simples (know – sei), mas sim, simple past – passado simples (knew – sabia), pois a 
sequência da frase nos indica que deve ser no passado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O tempo verbal correto não é present perfect – presente 
perfeito (have known – sabia), mas sim, simple past – passado simples (knew – sabia), 
pois a sequência da frase nos indica que deve ser no passado. 
A alternativa C está correta. O tempo verbal correto é simple past – passado simples 
(knew – sabia), pois a sequência da frase nos indica que deve ser no passado, assim 
como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O tempo verbal correto não é “knowed”, pois o verbo 
“to know” é irregular e não se adiciona o -ed ao fim; mas sim, simple past – passado 
simples (knew – sabia), pois a sequência da frase nos indica que deve ser no passado. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
58 - (Estratégia Militares 2020 – AFA 2017) 
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In the sentence “it’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple 
intelligences’”, the contraction refers to 
 
a) It has. 
b) It been. 
c) It is. 
d) It was. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. Trata-se de um verbo conjugado no tempo “present 
perfect”. Ele deve, portanto, ser conjugado com o verbo auxiliar “have”, seguido do 
verbo principal conjugado no “past partiple”. Portanto, “it’s been” equivale a “it has 
been”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não se utiliza sujeito + verbo no “past participle”. Tem de 
haver o verbo auxiliar “have” para que a estrutura esteja correta. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O uso do verbo “to be” no particípio “been” é o grande 
indicador de que temos uma estrutura no “present perfect” e, portanto, faz-se necessário 
o uso do auxiliar “have”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Was” é um verbo conjugado no “simple past” enquanto 
o trecho está conjugado no “present perfect”. Não é possível usar “was” acompanhado 
de verbo no particípio. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss 
 The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now 
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: 
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence 
that went beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured 
by standardized tests. 
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Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, 
logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he 
later added an eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The 
theory became highly popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to 
reach students who did not respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple 
intelligences’ somehow became synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this 
important post, Gardner explains why the former is not the latter. 
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been 
gratified by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, 
museums, and business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven 
me to distraction and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I 
cherish, to credit me with the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple 
intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s high time to relieve my pain and to set the record 
straight. 
First a wordabout ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including 
the study of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea 
that each of us has a number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be 
termed our ‘multiple intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single 
intelligence assumes that we have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines 
how well we perform in every sector of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences 
assumes that human beings have 7 to 10 distinct intelligences. 
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied 
about in educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all 
children (indeed all of us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes 
sense to find out about learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are 
appropriate, that they value, and above all, are effective. 
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use 
this term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are 
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is 
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we 
know this? What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should 
we compensate by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or 
visual or tactile? Same issues apply. 
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 Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently 
with those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the 
learning style analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all 
approach’. Of course, the learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if 
it is on the mark, the fact that one intervention did not work does not mean that the 
concept of learning styles is fatally imperfect; another intervention might have proved 
effective. Absence of evidence does not prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals 
to educational researchers: ‘back to the drawing boards’. 
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: 
Intelligence: We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong 
intelligence, an area where the person has considerable computational power. Style or 
learning style: A hypothesis of how an individual approaches the range of materials. If an 
individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is hypothesized to be reflective about the full 
range of materials. We cannot assume that reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals 
reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others. 
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The 
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This 
notion is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they 
make use of entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental 
computer, the intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up. 
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or 
a ‘visual learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may 
be unhelpful, at best, and ill-conceived at worst. 
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and 
that strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in 
any other intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are 
common sense ways of assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, 
we can take a more formal test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, 
we can decide how best to make use of this information. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet) 
 
Glossary: 
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1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for 
teaching with objects. 
 
59 - (Estratégia Militares 2020 – AFA 2017) Choose the best option to change the 
sentence “human capacities are represented in the brain” (4th paragraph) , into the active 
form. 
 
The brain _______________ human capacities. 
 
a) has represented 
b) represents 
c) has been represented 
d) representing 
Comentários: 
O enunciado pede que transformemos uma frase da voz passiva para a voz ativa. A frase 
no enunciado diz: As capacidades humanas são representadas no cérebro. Devemos, 
então, dizer: O cérebro representa as capacidades humanas. 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Has represented” daria a ideia de “tem representado”, e 
não de “representa”. O problema está, portanto, no tempo verbal empregado. 
 
A alternativa B está correta. “Represents” dá a ideia de “representa”, que é exatamente 
o tempo verbal adequado para transformar esta frase na voz ativa. O “S” adicionado ao 
final do verbo é necessário, pois trata-se de um verbo conjugado na terceira pessoa do 
singular (IT) do “Simple Present”. 
 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Has been represented” tem a ideia de “tem sido 
representado”, e não de “representa”. O erro está no tempo verbal empregado. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. “Representing” tem a ideia de “representando”, e não de 
“representa”. O tempo verbal é inadequado. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
60- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Mark the alternative that completes 
the sentence below correctly 
 
Europe ____ a critical moment in the pandemic 
 
a) Is having 
b) Had 
c) Will have 
d) Have 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O texto fala sobre algo que está acontecendo agora 
na Europa, ou seja, a frase dada pede um verbo no present continuous. Então o 
correto é “Europe is having a critical moment in the pandemic” (Europa está 
tendo um momento crítico na pandemia), assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto fala sobre algo que está acontecendo 
agora na Europa, ou seja, a frase dada não pede um verbo no simple past, “had” 
(teve), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous. Então o correto é “Europe is 
having a critical moment in the pandemic” (Europa está tendo um momento 
crítico na pandemia). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto fala sobre algo que está acontecendo 
agora na Europa, ou seja, a frase dada não pede um verbo no future simple, 
“will have” (vai ter), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous. Então o correto 
é “Europe is having a critical moment in the pandemic” (Europa está tendo um 
momento crítico na pandemia). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto fala sobre algo que está acontecendo 
agora na Europa, ou seja, a frase dada não pede um verbo no simple presente, 
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“have” (tem), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous. Então o correto é 
“Europe is having a critical moment in the pandemic” (Europa está tendo um 
momento crítico na pandemia). 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
61- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which option is correct to complete the 
sentences below? 
 
1. I saw you _____ this morning 
2. He saw her _____ the cupcakes 
3. If you want to lose weight, you need to ____ hard 
4. I watched you ____ the piano 
5. I can’t tell you what ____ on last week, I wasn’t there 
 
a) Worked out / baking / working out / to play / was going 
b) Working out / bake / workedout / playing / was going 
c) Work out / baking / work out / playing / is going 
d) Working out / baking / work out / playing / was going 
e) Working out / bake / working out / had been playing / were going 
Comentários: 
A sentença 1 deve ser preenchida com “working out”. A pessoa a viu malhando 
naquela manhã, ou seja, o verbo deve ser utilizado no present continuous. 
A sentença 2 deve ser preenchida com “baking”. Ele a viu cozinhando os cupcakes, 
ou seja, o verbo deve ser utilizado no present continuous. 
A sentença 3 deve ser preenchida com “work out”. Pois, se você quer emagrecer, 
você precisa malhar pesado, ou seja, o verbo deve ser utilizado no infinitive. 
A sentença 4 deve ser preenchida com “playing”. Eu assisti você tocando piano, ou 
seja, o verbo deve ser utilizado no present continuous. 
A sentença 5 deve ser preenchida com “was going”. Eu não posso te dizer o que 
estava acontecendo na semana passada, eu não estava lá, ou seja, o verbo deve ser 
utilizado no past continuous. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
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62- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which of the following sentences 
express probability? 
 
a) You mustn’t do that to your family 
b) I have to do my homework until the end of the week 
c) You should have patient to do meditation 
d) He can choose what he wants in this store 
e) I did very well at school, I think I’ll have great grades 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Você não deve fazer isso com a sua família. Há uma 
ideia de proibição, e não de possibilidade, como o enunciado pede. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Eu tenho que fazer meu trabalho de casa até o final da 
semana. Essa frase não passa ideia de probabilidade como o enunciado pede. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Você deve ter paciência para fazer meditação. Há uma 
ideia de necessidade, e não de possibilidade, como o enunciado pede. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Ele pode escolher o que ele quiser nessa loja. Há uma 
ideia de possibilidade, e não de probabilidade, como o enunciado pede. 
A alternativa E está correta. Eu fui muito bem na escola, acho que vou ter ótimas 
notas. Uma vez que ela foi vem, é provável que ela tenha ótimas notas, ou seja, 
probabilidade, assim como o enunciado pede. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
63- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph 
below correctly? 
 
No one knows what the next months hold, but suggestions that Britain ___ back to 
normal by Christmas seem unlikely. Already, Leicester, Greater 
Manchester and Preston _____ local lockdowns after registering rises in Covid-19 
cases, while increases in Spain and Germany ___ an alarming reminder of the 
difficulty of controlling this virus. 
(Adapted from 
https://www.marinha.mil.br/sspm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.sspm/files/provas/PR
OVA%20AZUL-%201%C2%BADIA.pdf) 
 
a) Be / will enforce / were 
b) Will be / have enforced / are 
c) Will be / enforce / are 
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d) Went / have enforced / were 
e) Went / have enforced / are 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “will be” (voltará). Neste caso, a frase se 
refere a algo que, provavelmente, irá acontecer no natal, ou seja, no futuro; por isso, 
o verbo deve ser utilizado no future simple. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “have enforced” (impuseram). Neste 
caso, a frase se refere a algo que as cidades já fizeram, ou seja, o verbo deve ser 
utilizado no present perfect. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “are” (são). Neste caso, a frase se refere a 
aumentos na Espanha e Alemanha que são um lembrete alarmante, ou seja, no 
presente; por isso, o verbo deve ser utilizado no simple presente. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
Trump or Biden? China expects no favours either way 
 
 The Democratic and Republican National Conventions are typically an opportunity for 
US voters to get a sense of what their next president's domestic policies might look like. 
 But this year they also provided a key insight for China Inc as it navigates its rocky 
relationship with the US. 
 Several insiders at Chinese technology firms __64__ me that a Joe Biden presidency 
would be more appealing than another four more years of President Trump - which would 
be seen as "unpredictable". 
 And while they think a Biden administration would still be tough on China, it would be 
based more on reason, and fact rather than rhetoric and politicking. 
 One thing is clear though: companies on the mainland believe that whoever is in the 
White House the tough stance on China is here to stay. 
 Here are three things that __65__ Chinese companies the most about the next US 
administration - and what they're doing to protect themselves: 
Decoupling 
 This word gets used a lot these days. President Trump and his administration talk about 
it in tweets and in press statements in relation to China. 
 Decoupling basically means undoing more than three decades' worth of US business 
relations with China. 
 Everything is on the cards: from getting American factories to pull their supply chains 
out of the mainland, to forcing Chinese-owned companies that operate in the US - like 
TikTok and Tencent - to swap their Chinese owners for American ones. 
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 Make no mistake, under a Trump administration "decoupling will be accelerated", 
__21__ Solomon Yue, vice chairman and chief executive of the Republicans Overseas 
lobby group. 
 "The reason is because there's a genuine national security concern about our 
technology being stolen," he said. 
 But decoupling isn't that simple. 
 While the US has had some success in forcing American companies to stop doing 
business with Chinese tech giants like Huawei, it is pushing Chinese firms to develop self-
sufficiency in some key industries, like chip-making and artificial intelligence. 
 "There's a realisation that you can never really trust the US again," a strategist working 
for a Chinese tech firm told me. "That's got Chinese companies thinking what they need 
to do to protect their interests." 
Delisting 
 As part of its focus on China, the Trump administration has come up with a set of 
recommendations for Chinese firms listed in the US, setting a January 2022 deadline to 
comply with new rules on auditing. 
 If they don't, according to the recommendations, they risk being banned. 
 While a Biden administration may not necessarily push through with the exact same ban, 
analysts say the scrutiny and tone of these recommendations is likely to stay. 
 "A Democrat, whether in the White House, Senate or Congress, would have little reason 
to roll back Trump's toughness on China without some concession in return," said Tariq 
Dennison, a Hong Kong-based investment adviser at GFM Asset Management. 
 '"One thing both parties seem to agree on in 2020 is to blame China for any of America's 
problems that can't be easily blamed on the other party. That's not going to change 
anytime soon." 
 While fears of being delisted aren't high on the list of concerns for Chinese companies 
that are already listed in the US, it's enough to sway the decisions of companies that are 
looking to float in the future. 
 Take Ant Group, for example, the mammoth Chinese digital financial services group 
that this week filed for an IPO. 
 Affiliated to the Alibaba Group, which is listed in the US and Hong Kong, it chose Hong 
Kong and Shanghai in which to sell its shares instead of the US. 
 __22__ other Chinese companies are __23__ to follow suit, as tensions between the US 
and China get worse. 
Deglobalisation 
 China has been one of the __24__ beneficiaries of globalisation over the last 30 years. 
It has helped hundreds of millions of Chinese afford a better quality and standard of life, 
the bedrockupon which President Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream is based. 
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 But that's precisely what President Trump says needs to change: his administration 
argues that China has become richer while the US has become poorer. 
 During Mr Trump's term, deglobalisation - where borders are less open and trade is less 
free - has become a trend. And it's something that Beijing knows won't change even after 
the election. 
 "The fundamental adjustment of the US' strategic mind-set over China is real", reads 
the latest op-ed in the Communist Party's mouthpiece, The Global Times. 'This has to a 
large extent reset the China-US relationship." 
 One of the natural consequences of globalisation was arguably a safer world. 
 If you're doing business with one another, chances are you're not going to want to get 
in a fight - or at least not open conflict. 
 A big worry for many businesses in Asia is that a real military clash between the two 
superpowers is inevitable - and those concerns only grew this week when Beijing fired 
missiles into the South China Sea, a lucrative but contested waterway. 
 The reset of the US-China relationship is dangerous - not just for the US and China - but 
for the rest of us too. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-
53928783?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business&link_location=live-
reporting-story) 
 
64- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) Will tell 
b) Is telling 
c) Had been telling 
d) Will be telling 
e) Have told 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no future 
simple (will tell – vai dizer), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have told – ter dito) 
pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no present 
continuous (is telling – está dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have told 
– ter dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no past 
perfect continuous (had been telling – estava dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past 
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participle (have told – ter dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo 
no passado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no future 
continuous (will be telling – estará dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past participle 
(have told – ter dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado. 
A alternativa E está correta. A lacuna em questão pede um verbo no past participle 
(have told – ter dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado, 
assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: E 
 
65- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) Are worrying 
b) Have worried 
c) Have been worrying 
d) Worried 
e) Will worry 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A lacuna em questão pede um verbo no present 
continuous (are worrying – estão preocupando), pois a frase se refere algo que está 
acontecendo agora, assim como a opção indica. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no present 
perfect (have worried – preocupou), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous (are 
worrying – estão preocupando), pois a frase se refere algo que está acontecendo 
agora. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no present 
perfect continuous (have been worrying – tem preocupado), mas sim, um verbo no 
present continuous (are worrying – estão preocupando), pois a frase se refere algo 
que está acontecendo agora. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no simple 
past (worried – preocupou), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous (are worrying 
– estão preocupando), pois a frase se refere algo que está acontecendo agora. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no future 
simple (will worry – vai preocupar), mas sim, um verbo no present continuous (are 
worrying – estão preocupando), pois a frase se refere algo que está acontecendo 
agora. 
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GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
 
66- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Choose the best alternative to complete the excerpt below. 
Colonial Countryside _______ the imagination of children in ways that Dr Fowler never expected. “A 
group visited Dyrham Park and _______ across stands depicting African men in chains – they _______ an 
important discussion about whether they ________ be on display. Some felt yes because it shows the 
house’s connection to the slave trade and the Royal African Company, while other children felt it was 
offensive,” she explains. 
https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200724-colonial-countryside-facing-up-to-britains-murky-past 
a) has caught / came / had / should 
b) have caught / come / have / ought to 
c) caught / has come / have had / have to 
d) had caught / have come / has had / will 
e) should have caught / had come / had had / could 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “has caught”. O uso do present perfect é ideal por se tratar 
de algo que vem acontecendo ao longo do tempo, e não de algo que aconteceu apenas umas vez. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “came”. O past simple é ideal aqui porque o trecho trata de 
algo pontual, que aconteceu num evento específico. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “had”. Aqui, o uso do past simple se justifica pela mesma 
razão da lacuna anterior, pois trata-se de algo pontual, que aconteceu num evento específico. 
A quarta lacuna pode ser preenchida pelo artigo indefinido “should”. O contexto nos mostra que a 
discussão ocorreu para definir se homens africanos acorrentados deveriam ou não estar sendo exibidos 
ali. 
Temos a alternativa A como correta. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
67- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Choose the correct alternative to complete the paragraph below. 
Protesters in Beirut have stormed government ministries during a fresh demonstration over 
Tuesday's huge explosion that left at least 158 dead. 
Several thousand people _______ to the streets protesting. Police have fired tear gas at stone-
throwing demonstrators. Sounds of gunfire have also _______ from central Martyrs' Square. In a 
televised address, Lebanese PM Hassan Diab _______ he would ask for early elections as a way 
out of the crisis. "We can't exit the country's structural crisis without holding early parliamentary 
elections," he said. The issue will be discussed in cabinet on Monday. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53704998 
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a) have taken / heard / have said 
b) has taken / hear / has said 
c) took / been heard / said 
d) taken / been heard / had said 
e) had taken / heard / was said 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “took”, pois o evento ocorre num momento 
específico pós explosão. O past simple é o tempo verbal ideal nesse tipo de situação. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “been heard” porque o auxiliar “have” já indica o uso 
do present perfect. Além disso, a frase está na voz passiva. Sons de tiros foram ouvidos, por isso 
o uso de “been” antes do verbo principal “heard”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “said”, pois o texto está introduzindo um discurso 
indireto. Por isso, torna-se necessário o uso do past simple. 
Temos a sequência “took / been heard / said” 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
68- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below? 
Volunteers in Mauritius are scrambling to create cordons tokeep leaking oil from a tanker away 
from the island. 
The MV Wakashio, _______ be carrying 4,000 tonnes of oil, _______ aground on a coral reef off 
the Indian Ocean island on 25 July. Locals _______ absorbent barriers of straw stuffed into fabric 
sacks in an attempt to contain and absorb the oil. Mauritius is home to world-renowned coral 
reefs, and tourism is a crucial part of its economy. Images _______ online by local media show 
volunteers collecting straw from fields and filling sacks to make barriers. 
a) has believed / run / is making / have posted 
b) have believed / have run / make / has posted 
c) believed / ran / are making / posted 
d) had believed / has run / made / had posted 
e) believe / had run / have made / are posting 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “believed”. Essa estrutura está na voz passiva e, por 
isso, faz-se necessário o uso do verbo no particípio. 
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A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “ran”. O simple past é o tempo verbal mais adequado 
nesse caso. O fato de o texto ter citado a data exata de quando o navio encalhou é o maior indício 
de que devemos usar o simple past, pois sabemos exatamente quando o evento aconteceu. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “are making”. Essa lacuna teria mais de uma opção de 
preenchimento, já que a frase é bastante aberta, no entanto, por causa das lacunas anteriores, a 
única opção viável é a da letra C. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “posted”. O verbo a ser inserido nessa lacuna deve vir 
no particípio, pois as imagens foram postadas online. 
Temos a sequência: believed / ran / are making / posted. 
GABARITO: C 
 
69- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
Which option best completes the gap? 
“Are you going to the beach alone?” 
“Yes, but I wish you _____________ with me.” 
(A) might come 
(B) had come 
(C) will come 
(D) would come 
(E) can come 
Comentários: 
Quando se usa essa estrutura específica com “wish”, desejando qua algo acontecesse, deve-se 
passar o verbo para o passado. Ex.: “I wish you were here” (eu gostaria que você estivesse aqui). 
Mas repare, na situação em questão, estamos falando de algo que ainda vai acontecer (você vai 
à praia sozinho?). Dessa forma, devemos usar o modal would para dar a ideia de que é uma 
situação futura, mas sem desrespeitar a regra de jogar o verbo para o passado. Ex.1: “I wish you 
came with me” (eu gostaria que você tivesse ido comigo. Eu já fui a algum lugar (verbo come, no 
passado came) e você não foi comigo, mas eu gostaria que você tivesse ido). Ex.2: “I wish you 
would come with me” (eu gostaria que você fosse comigo. Portanto, estamos falando de um 
evento que ainda não aconteceu, e eu quero que você vá comigo nesse evento). 
Tendo entendido essa estrutura, fica mais fácil perceber que a alternativa correta é a letra D 
(would come) 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
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Who was Alan Turing? 
Alan Turing was an English mathematician and pioneer of ___1___ computer science and 
artificial intelligence. During WW2, he was instrumental in breaking the German Enigma code, 
leading to Allied victory over Nazi Germany. 
What happened in Alan Turing’s early years? 
Alan Turing was born on 23 June 1912 in Maida Vale, London. His intelligence was clear from his 
school days. At the age of 9, his headmistress from St Michael's Primary School in Hastings 
reported: ‘I have had clever boys and hard-working boys, but Alan is a genius’. Turing moved 
to Hazelhurst Preparatory School in 1922 where he ___70___ interested in chess, spending 
hours working out complex chess problems on his own. 
At the age of 13, he attended Sherborne School in Dorset. Although his maths teacher Mr 
Randolph declared him a ‘genius’, this counted little in a school that placed its emphasis on 
humanities and classics. Teachers would often get annoyed with him for his high marks in 
exams ___3___ him paying little attention during lessons. 
What was Alan Turing’s relationship with Christopher Morcom? 
Towards the end of his time at Sherborne, Turing formed a close relationship with another 
student, Christopher Morcom, who shared his intellectual curiosity and inspired Alan’s future 
endeavours. He has been described as Turing’s ‘first love’. However, their relationship was cut 
short by Morcom's death in 1930 from tuberculosis. Turing coped with his grief by devoting his 
energy to scientific study in an attempt to fulfil his friend's potential. 
What happened in Alan Turing’s university years? 
Turing attended King's College, University of Cambridge, in 1931 to study mathematics. In this 
academic environment, he settled in much better and his years there were highly successful in 
both his work and social life. Turing took up rowing and became an excellent long distance 
runner. He also became involved in the peace movement, joining the Anti-War Council, which 
called for chemicals and munitions workers to strike if war was declared amid the rise of Hitler. 
Turing graduated in 1934 with a first-class honours degree and as a result of his dissertation, was 
elected a Fellow of King's College at the age of 22. In 1936 Turing went on to study mathematics 
at Princeton University, New Jersey, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1938. During his time here, he 
developed the notion of a ‘universal computing machine’ which could solve complex 
calculations. This would become known as the Turing machine, which ___71___ the digital 
computer. He also studied cryptology, the study of codes and cyphers which can be used to 
send secret messages, and built three out of four stages of an electro-mechanical binary 
multiplier. 
What did Alan Turing do at Bletchley Park? 
In 1939, Turing was asked to join the Government Codes and Cypher School, a British code-
breaking organisation (now GCHQ), which was moved to Bletchley Park when war was declared 
on 3 September. 
Turing’s most notable achievement at Bletchley was cracking the ‘Enigma’ code. The Enigma was 
an enciphering machine used by the German armed forces to send messages ___5___. 
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Together with fellow code-breaker Gordon Welchman, Turing developed the Bombe, a 
machine based on an earlier Polish design, which from late 1940 was decoding all messages 
sent by the Enigma machines. 
Next, Turing turned his attentions to the more complex German naval signals, and together with 
his ‘Hut 8’ team at Bletchley, succeeded in decrypting these as well in 1941, contributing to 
Allied victory in the Battle of the Atlantic. In July 1942, Turing developed a complex code-
breaking technique he named ‘Turingery’ for use against the Lorenz cipher messages produced 
by the Germans' new Geheimschreiber (secret writer) machine. 
Turing also developed a secure speech system, which he ___72___ Delilah. The system, which 
encoded and decoded voice communications, was intended to be used in a similar way to a 
telephone scrambler. He demonstrated its mechanisms on one of Churchill's speeches, but the 
machine was never commissioned for use in the war effort. 
What did Turing do after his work at Bletchley Park? 
In 1945 Turing was awarded an OBE for his services to the country and in 1949, was made deputy 
director of the Computing Laboratory at the University of Manchester. Turing first addressed 
the issue of Artificial intelligence (AI) in his famous paper Computing Machinery and 
Intelligence (1950). In it, he ___73___ what he called the 'Imitation Game' (now called the 
‘Turing Test’) – a method to determine whether a machine showing behaviour can truly be 
called ‘intelligent’. The test has significantly influenced research on AI. 
How did Alan Turing die? 
On 7 June 1954, Turing was found dead from cyanide ___8___.An inquest ruled that it was 
suicide, although this has been contested more recently, with Turing expert Prof Jack Copeland 
attributing his death to the accidental inhalation of cyanide fumes during an experiment. 
What was Alan Turing's legacy? 
The extent of Alan Turing’s work did not fully come to life until after his death. His impact on 
computer science is commemorated in the annual ‘Turing Award’ – the highest ___9___ in the 
industry. Meanwhile, his code-breaking operations at Bletchley Park are credited with 
shortening the war by as much as two years and resulting in Allied victory – saving countless 
lives in the process. In 2015 a new national centre for research in data science and AI, The Alan 
Turing Institute, ___74___ in his name. 
Adapted from https://www.bl.uk/people/alan-turing 
 
70- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) has become 
B) has been become 
C) becomes 
D) has became 
E) became 
Comentários: 
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A alternativa A está incorreta. O trecho da lacuna está escrito no simple past, o que pode ser 
observado pelo verbo “moved” antes da lacuna. Além disso, temos o ano de 1922 dando a exata 
noção de quando o fato ocorreu. Sendo assim, não se pode usar uma estrutura de present perfect 
para preencher a lacuna. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O trecho da lacuna está escrito no simple past, o que pode ser 
observado pelo verbo “moved” antes da lacuna. Além disso, temos o ano de 1922 dando a exata 
noção de quando o fato ocorreu. Sendo assim, não se pode usar uma estrutura de present perfect 
na voz passiva para preencher a lacuna. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O trecho da lacuna está escrito no simple past, o que pode ser 
observado pelo verbo “moved” antes da lacuna. Além disso, temos o ano de 1922 dando a exata 
noção de quando o fato ocorreu. Sendo assim, não se pode usar uma estrutura de present simple 
para preencher a lacuna. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O trecho da lacuna está escrito no simple past, o que pode ser 
observado pelo verbo “moved” antes da lacuna. Além disso, temos o ano de 1922 dando a exata 
noção de quando o fato ocorreu. Sendo assim, não se pode usar uma estrutura de present perfect 
para preencher a lacuna. Estrutura essa que ainda está incorreta, pois o verbo não está no 
particípio, mas sim no passado simples. 
A alternativa E está correta. O trecho da lacuna está escrito no simple past, o que pode ser 
observado pelo verbo “moved” antes da lacuna. Além disso, temos o ano de 1922 dando a exata 
noção de quando o fato ocorreu. Sendo assim, devemos preencher a lacuna com o verbo no past 
simple. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
71- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) presupposed 
B) was 
C) foreshadowed 
D) created 
E) replaced 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida com uma palavra que indique que 
foi um presságio do computador digital , e “presupposed” significa pressupôs e não tem nenhuma 
relação com o que a lacuna pede. 
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A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida com uma palavra que indique que 
foi um presságio do computador digital , e “was” significa foi e não tem nenhuma relação com o 
que a lacuna pede. 
A alternativa C está correta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida com uma palavra que indique que 
foi um presságio do computador digital , e “foreshadowed” significa extamente pressagiou. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida com uma palavra que indique que 
foi um presságio do computador digital , e “created” significa criou e não tem nenhuma relação 
com o que a lacuna pede. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida com uma palavra que indique que 
foi um presságio do computador digital , e “replaced” significa substituiu e não tem nenhuma 
relação com o que a lacuna pede. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
72- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) named 
B) names 
C) calls 
D) has named 
E) has called 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. “Named” completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em vista que o 
trecho está escrito no past simple, o preenchimento da lacuna também deve ser nesse tempo 
verbal. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Names” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em vista 
que o trecho está escrito no past simple, o preenchimento da lacuna também deve ser nesse 
tempo verbal, e não no present simple. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Calls” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em vista que 
o trecho está escrito no past simple, o preenchimento da lacuna também deve ser nesse tempo 
verbal, e não no present simple. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Has named” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em 
vista que o trecho está escrito no past simple, o preenchimento da lacuna também deve ser nesse 
tempo verbal, e não no present perfect. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Has called” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em 
vista que o trecho está escrito no past simple, o preenchimento da lacuna também deve ser nesse 
tempo verbal, e não no present perfect. 
GABARITO: A 
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73- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) disposed 
B) divided 
C) devised 
D) declared 
E) detracted 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna pede uma palavra que diga que ele inventou/criou o que 
ele chamou de jogo da imitação. A palavra “disposed” significa descartou e não tem relação de 
significado com o que a lacuna pede. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna pede uma palavra que diga que ele inventou/criou o que 
ele chamou de jogo da imitação. A palavra “divided” significa dividiu e não tem relação de 
significado com o que a lacuna pede. 
A alternativa C está correta. A lacuna pede uma palavra que diga que ele inventou/criou o que 
ele chamou de jogo da imitação. A palavra “devised” significa criou e preenche a lacuna de forma 
perfeita. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna pede uma palavra que diga que ele inventou/criou o que 
ele chamou de jogo da imitação. A palavra “declared” significa declarou e não tem relação de 
significado com o que a lacuna pede. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A lacuna pede uma palavra que diga que ele inventou/criou o que 
ele chamou de jogo da imitação. A palavra “detracted” significa falou mal, prejudicou e não tem 
relação de significado com o que a lacuna pede. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
74- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) created 
B) has created 
C) has been created 
D) was created 
E) have been created 
Comentários: 
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A alternativa A está incorreta. “Created” está na avoz ativa, enquanto a lacuna pede uma 
estrutura de voz passiva, já que o instituto foi criado em seu nome. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Has created” está na avoz ativa, enquanto a lacuna pede uma 
estrutura de voz passiva, já que o instituto foi criado em seu nome. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Has been created” está no present perfect, mas o texto nos diz 
exatamente quando ocorreu a criação. Por isso, o past simple seria mais apropriado. 
A alternativa D está correta. “Was created” está no past simple, pois o texto nos diz exatamente 
quando ocorreu a criação. Por isso, o past simple é mais apropriado. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Have been created” está no present perfect, mas o texto nos diz 
exatamente quando ocorreu a criação. Por isso, o past simple seria mais apropriado. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
 
Earliest art in the British Isles discovered on Jersey 
Fragments of stone engraved with abstract designs are the earliest known art in the British Isles, 
researchers say. 
They were made by hunter-gatherers who ___75___ between 23,000and 14,000 years ago on 
what is now Jersey. The designs were scratched into small ornamental tablets known as 
plaquettes; similar examples have been found in France, Spain and Portugal. The 10 plaquettes 
were unearthed at Les Varines, Jersey, between 2014 and 2018. 
Since the discoveries in the south-east of the island, scientists from London's Natural History 
Museum, the University of Newcastle and University of York have been analysing the prehistoric 
markings. The researchers, who have published ___17___ findings in the journal Plos One, now 
believe they represent the earliest evidence of artistic expression in the British Isles. 
The plaquettes were made by the Magdalenians, a hunter-gatherer culture ___76___ to have 
expanded out of Iberia (modern Spain and Portugal) and southern France after the peak of the 
last Ice Age. 
The designs consist of straight lines more or less in parallel and longer, curved incisions. The two 
types of mark were probably produced by the same tools, in short succession - perhaps by the 
same engraver. 
Co-author Dr Silvia Bello, from the Natural History Museum, ___77___: "Many of the lines, 
including the curved, concentric designs, appear to have been made through layered or repeated 
incisions, suggesting that it is unlikely that they resulted from the stones being used for a 
functional purpose. 
She told BBC News that most were "of abstract nature (simple intersecting lines), however, some 
fragments seem to depict zoomorphic representations (horses, mammoths, a bovid and possibly 
a human face)". 
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"On all the fragments, these potential representations appear imprecise and simplified in 
comparisons to other Magdalenian examples, supporting ___20___ the hypothesis these are 
chance arrangements amongst a system of representations, or that they were the product of 
inexperienced engravers," she explained. 
The Magdalenian era saw a flourishing of early art, from cave paintings and drawings to the 
decoration of tools and weapons to engraving on stones and bones. 
Although Magdalenian settlements are known to have existed as far north-west as Britain, no 
similar examples of artistic expression ___78___ discovered in the British Isles from such an early 
time period. 
The plaquettes appear to pre-date the late Magdalenian cave art at Creswell Crags in Derbyshire, 
the researchers said. 
Dr Chantal Conneller, a co-author from Newcastle University, said: "These engraved stone 
fragments provide exciting and rare evidence of artistic expression at what was the farthest edge 
of the Magdalenian world. 
"The people at Les Varines are likely to have been pioneer colonisers of the region and creating 
engraved objects at new settlements may have been a way of creating symbolic relationships with 
new places." 
Dr Bello said the artefacts may only have been of temporary significance, as they were made on 
soft stone. "The action of engraving probably created a powder within the incisions that makes 
them temporarily visible. This swiftly disperses, meaning that the engravings were only clearly 
visible at the moment of their making. 
She added: "The act of engraving, possibly the context and the moment when the engraving 
occurred, were the meaningful components of the process rather than the object (the plaquette) 
that had been engraved." 
Three of the stone fragments from Jersey had been recovered from an area of granite slabs which 
may have served as paving, highlighting that the plaquettes might have been engraved in a 
domestic context. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53835146 
 
75- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) have lived 
B) has lived 
C) lived 
D) had lived 
E) was living 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Have lived” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em 
vista que a frase precisa ser completada com o tempo verbal past simple, já que o texto dá noção 
de tempo do acontecimento. 
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A alternativa B está incorreta. “Has lived” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em vista 
que a frase precisa ser completada com o tempo verbal past simple, já que o texto dá noção de 
tempo do acontecimento. 
A alternativa C está correta. “Lived” completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em vista que a 
frase precisa ser completada com o tempo verbal past simple, já que o texto dá noção de tempo 
do acontecimento. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Had lived” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em vista 
que a frase precisa ser completada com o tempo verbal past simple, já que o texto dá noção de 
tempo do acontecimento. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Was living” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em 
vista que a frase precisa ser completada com o tempo verbal past simple, já que o texto dá noção 
de tempo do acontecimento. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
76- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) thinked 
B) thinks 
C) was thinking 
D) has thought 
E) thought 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida por um verbo no particípio, tendo 
em vista que o trecho está na voz passiva, pois não foi a cultura antiga que pensou algo, mas sim 
outras pessoas pensam que ela expandiu a partir da Ibéria. A alternativa não apresenta o verbo 
“think” no particípio. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida por um verbo no particípio, tendo 
em vista que o trecho está na voz passiva, pois não foi a cultura antiga que pensou algo, mas sim 
outras pessoas pensam que ela expandiu a partir da Ibéria. A alternativa não apresenta o verbo 
“think” no particípio. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida por um verbo no particípio, tendo 
em vista que o trecho está na voz passiva, pois não foi a cultura antiga que pensou algo, mas sim 
outras pessoas pensam que ela expandiu a partir da Ibéria. A alternativa não apresenta o verbo 
“think” no particípio. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida por um verbo no particípio, tendo 
em vista que o trecho está na voz passiva, pois não foi a cultura antiga que pensou algo, mas sim 
outras pessoas pensam que ela expandiu a partir da Ibéria. A alternativa não apresenta o verbo 
“think” no particípio. 
A alternativa E está correta. A lacuna precisa ser preenchida por um verbo no particípio, tendo 
em vista que o trecho está na voz passiva, pois não foi a cultura antiga que pensou algo, mas sim 
outras pessoas pensam que ela expandiu a partir da Ibéria. A alternativa apresenta o verbo “think” 
no particípio “thought”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
77- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) says 
B) have said 
C) has said 
D) is saying 
E) said 
Comentários: 
A lacuna precisa ser preenchida pelo verbo “said”. Isso ocorre porque estamos diante de uma 
situação fixa, a introdução de um discurso direto. Assim, sempre veremos a palavra “said” 
antecedendo a fala, na íntegra, de alguém. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
78- (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
A) have previously been 
B) had previously been 
C) has previously been 
D) were previously 
E) was previously 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Have previously been” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, 
tendo em vista que o trecho está tratando do passado do passado. As expressões artísticas da 
quais o texto fala já haviam sido encontradas no momento que o texto é escrito. Então, o texto 
diz que nenhuma arte similar àquela havia sido descoberta antes dessa. 
A alternativa B está correta. “Had previously been” completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo em 
vista que o trecho está tratando do passado do passado. As expressões artísticas da quais o texto 
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fala já haviam sido encontradas no momento que o texto é escrito. Então, o texto diz que 
nenhuma arte similar àquela havia sido descoberta antes dessa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Has previously been” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, 
tendo em vista que o trecho está tratando do passado do passado. As expressões artísticas da 
quais o texto fala já haviam sido encontradas no momento que o texto é escrito. Então, o texto 
diz que nenhuma arte similar àquela havia sido descoberta antes dessa. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Were previously” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo 
em vista que o trecho está tratando do passado do passado. As expressões artísticas da quais o 
texto fala já haviam sido encontradas no momento que o texto é escrito. Então, o texto diz que 
nenhuma arte similar àquela havia sido descoberta antes dessa. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Was previously” não completa adequadamente a lacuna, tendo 
em vista que o trecho está tratando do passado do passado. As expressões artísticas da quais o 
texto fala já haviam sido encontradas no momento que o texto é escrito. Então, o texto diz que 
nenhuma arte similar àquela havia sido descoberta antes dessa. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
Europe is Seeing a Surge in Coronavirus Cases. Are Tourists the Cause of the Increase? 
 Europe has seen sharp rises in the number of COVID-19 cases across the region, with some 
countries reporting higher daily caseloads than they have ever seen. 
 In recent weeks, Spain, France and Germany have recorded their highest number of daily 
infections since April, as international travel has ramped up during one of the region’s 
busiest vacation periods. In an effort to prevent the possibility of a second wave, 
governments have reimposed restrictions on citizens and renewed quarantine measures 
for some travelers. 
 Experts say the increase in travel in Europe has certainly contributed to the recent surge 
in infections numbers. “International travel was very important in seeding the infections in 
Europe in February and March. I think it has had an important impact in what we’ve seen 
in the last six weeks,” says Jennifer Beam Dowd, associate professor of demography and 
population health at Oxford University. 
 Strict lockdowns in the spring sharply reduced the spread of the virus in Europe, which 
has reported over 3.9 million cases since the start of the pandemic, accounting for 17% of 
global infections. By mid-June, most of the continent welcomed back travelers to help the 
economy recover from the deepest recession it has seen since World War II. 
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 The economies of France, Italy and Spain, which are powered by tourism, will each 
contract by more than 10% this year, the European Commission said on July 7. 
 Cases have been increasing across Europe in the past month. But Spain, Germany, Italy 
and France have seen particularly sharp rises. 
 
Did summer travel play a role? 
 
 Experts say yes. Increased travel combined with relaxed restrictions has “almost 
certainly” led to a rise in cases, says Martin McKee, a professor of European public health 
at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Europeans typically take vacation 
between the end of July and August when schools break for summer. Grant Shapps, the 
U.K’s Transport Secretary, said there were 160,000 British holidaymakers in France in mid 
August. 
 In mid May, Europe began reopening its bars, restaurants and nightclubs, subject to social 
distancing measures. 
 The latest rise in cases in France has been most marked in Paris and cities in the south 
including Nice, Toulouse and Marseille. “This might be representative of people having 
moved from a high transmission area in France to a lower one, triggering an outbreak,” 
says Nathalie MacDermott, a clinical lecturer in infectious diseases at King’s College 
London. 
 However, France’s health minister, Olivier Véran said in an interview published Aug. 23 
that infections were already spreading between age groups and rising among the elderly 
in the Marseille area. 
 The continent’s spike reflects “large numbers of people congregating in indoor poorly 
ventilated spaces. Indoor areas are where the danger lies,” says McKee. In a tourist resort, 
where people are coming from many different places, “the probability that somebody will 
be infected is increased,” he says. 
 Nightclubs in particular, are “very conducive” to the spread of a virus, says MacDermott. 
“They’re often poorly ventilated and it’s almost impossible to have social distancing,” she 
says. In one of Spain’s largest recent outbreaks, more than 80 people tested positive after 
around 400 people went to nightclubs in the Andalusian city of Cordoba on July 10. 
Outbreaks in bars and nightclubs have been reported in other countries in Europe such 
as France and Switzerland. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 Some recent outbreaks in Spain have also been linked to the arrival of agricultural 
workers from around Europe. But “most likely”, says McKee, the rise in cases has stemmed 
from “tourists in crowded bars, restaurants, and nightclubs.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5883317/travel-coronavirus-europe/) 
 
79- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Mark the alternative that completes the 
sentence below correctly 
 
Europe ____ a critical moment in the pandemic 
 
a) Is having 
b) Had 
c) Will have 
d) Have 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O texto fala sobre algo que está acontecendo agora na 
Europa, ou seja, a frase dada pede um verbo no present continuous. Então o correto é 
“Europe is having a critical moment in the pandemic” (Europa está tendo um momento 
crítico na pandemia), assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto fala sobre algo que está acontecendo agora na 
Europa, ou seja, a frase dada não pede um verbo no simple past, “had” (teve), mas sim, 
um verbo no present continuous. Então o correto é “Europe is having a critical moment 
in the pandemic” (Europa está tendo um momento crítico na pandemia). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto fala sobre algo que está acontecendo agora na 
Europa, ou seja, a frase dada não pede um verbo no future simple, “will have” (vai ter), 
mas sim, um verbo no present continuous. Então o correto é “Europe is having a critical 
moment in the pandemic” (Europa está tendo um momento crítico na pandemia). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto fala sobre algo que está acontecendo agora na 
Europa, ou seja, a frase dada não pede um verbo no simple presente, “have” (tem), mas 
sim, um verbo no present continuous. Então o correto é “Europe is having a critical 
moment in the pandemic” (Europa está tendo um momento crítico na pandemia). 
GABARITO: A 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 
 
80- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which option is correct to complete the 
sentences below? 
 
1. I saw you _____ this morning 
2. He saw her _____ the cupcakes 
3. If you want to lose weight, you need to ____ hard 
4. I watched you ____ the piano 
5. I can’t tell you what ____ on last week, I wasn’t there 
 
a) Worked out / baking / working out / to play / was going 
b) Working out / bake / worked out / playing / was going 
c) Work out / baking / work out / playing / is going 
d) Working out / baking / work out / playing / was going 
e) Working out / bake / working out / had been playing / were going 
Comentários: 
A sentença 1 deve ser preenchida com “working out”. A pessoa a viu malhando naquela 
manhã, ou seja, o verbo deve ser utilizado no present continuous. 
A sentença 2 deve ser preenchida com “baking”. Ele a viucozinhando os cupcakes, ou seja, o 
verbo deve ser utilizado no present continuous. 
A sentença 3 deve ser preenchida com “work out”. Pois, se você quer emagrecer, você 
precisa malhar pesado, ou seja, o verbo deve ser utilizado no infinitive. 
A sentença 4 deve ser preenchida com “playing”. Eu assisti você tocando piano, ou seja, o 
verbo deve ser utilizado no present continuous. 
A sentença 5 deve ser preenchida com “was going”. Eu não posso te dizer o que estava 
acontecendo na semana passada, eu não estava lá, ou seja, o verbo deve ser utilizado no 
past continuous. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
81- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which of the following sentences express 
probability? 
 
a) You mustn’t do that to your family 
b) I have to do my homework until the end of the week 
c) You should have patient to do meditation 
d) He can choose what he wants in this store 
e) I did very well at school, I think I’ll have great grades 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Você não deve fazer isso com a sua família. Há uma ideia de 
proibição, e não de possibilidade, como o enunciado pede. 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Eu tenho que fazer meu trabalho de casa até o final da 
semana. Essa frase não passa ideia de probabilidade como o enunciado pede. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Você deve ter paciência para fazer meditação. Há uma ideia de 
necessidade, e não de possibilidade, como o enunciado pede. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Ele pode escolher o que ele quiser nessa loja. Há uma ideia de 
possibilidade, e não de probabilidade, como o enunciado pede. 
A alternativa E está correta. Eu fui muito bem na escola, acho que vou ter ótimas notas. Uma 
vez que ela foi vem, é provável que ela tenha ótimas notas, ou seja, probabilidade, assim 
como o enunciado pede. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
82- (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph below 
correctly? 
No one knows what the next months hold, but suggestions that Britain ___ back to normal 
by Christmas seem unlikely. Already, Leicester, Greater Manchester and Preston _____ 
local lockdowns after registering rises in Covid-19 cases, while increases in Spain and 
Germany ___ an alarming reminder of the difficulty of controlling this virus. 
(Adapted from https://www.marinha.mil.br/sspm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.sspm/files/provas/PROVA%20AZUL-
%201%C2%BADIA.pdf) 
 
a) Be / will enforce / were 
b) Will be / have enforced / are 
c) Will be / enforce / are 
d) Went / have enforced / were 
e) Went / have enforced / are 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “will be” (voltará). Neste caso, a frase se refere a 
algo que, provavelmente, irá acontecer no natal, ou seja, no futuro; por isso, o verbo deve ser 
utilizado no future simple. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “have enforced” (impuseram). Neste caso, a frase 
se refere a algo que as cidades já fizeram, ou seja, o verbo deve ser utilizado no present perfect. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “are” (são). Neste caso, a frase se refere a 
aumentos na Espanha e Alemanha que são um lembrete alarmante, ou seja, no presente; por 
isso, o verbo deve ser utilizado no simple presente. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
 
 
 
18.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 
 
 
 
Caro aluno! Para garantir que o curso esteja atualizado, sempre que alguma mudança no 
conteúdo for necessária, uma nova versão da aula será disponibilizada. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 
https://www.inglesonline.com.br/palavras-cognatas-em-ingles/ 
https://www.todamateria.com.br/falsos-cognatos-no-ingles-false-friends/ 
 
 
 
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AULA 01 – Verb Tenses 
 
20.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 
Caro(a) aluno(a), 
Parabéns pela nossa segunda aula concluída, você está um passo mais próximo da sua 
aprovação! 
Uma vez concluída esta aula, é importante que você tenha em mente que revisões são 
necessárias em intervalos regulares para garantir a melhor assimiliação. Grife as partes que 
você julgar mais relevantes de cada aula. Dessa forma, você facilitará muito seu processo de 
revisão e assimilará a matéria de forma otimizada. 
A dinâmica que você observou nesta aula será utilizada em todas as demais do nosso curso. 
Assim, você terá sempre uma explicação clara, objetiva e direto ao ponto de todos os assuntos 
abordados, além de muitos, muitos exercícios para que você possa praticar e evoluir em sua 
preparação. 
Daremos sempre muitos bizus de prova para facilitar seu caminho até a aprovação! 
 
Eu estou à disposição no nosso Fórum de Dúvidas! Lá, eu ou 
outros membros da nossa equipe responderemos suas dúvidas em 
até 24 horas! Não leve dúvidas para a sua prova! Estamos aqui para 
te dar todo o suporte necessário para que você alcance seu 
objetivo! Estamos juntos nessa caminhada, ok? 
 
Espero que você tenha gostado da aula e, acima de tudo, que esta aula tenha enriquecido seus 
conhecimentos. 
Descanse e se prepare para o nosso próximo encontro! 
 
Forte abraço, 
Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
 @prof_leonardo_pontes 
 
 Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
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