CBMERJ - Inglês - Módulo 09

Prévia do material em texto

INGLÊS MÓDULO 09 CBMERJ 
 
1 
Todas os exercícios da apostila que tiverem essa câmera , estão 
gravados em vídeo para você. Nossos professores resolveram as 
questões, comentando cada detalhe para te ajudar na hora de estudar. 
Muitas questões trazem dicas preciosas. Não deixe de assistir aos 
vídeos dentro da plataforma on-line do Perspectiva e bons estudos! 
 
MODAL VERBS 
 
Os modal verbs – ou verbos modais – são verbos auxiliares que são 
capazes de mudar o sentido do verbo principal da oração. 
É importante reforçar que o sentido atribuído às sentenças com modal 
verbs depende muito do contexto. Não se firme em traduções, ok? 
Procure entender o sentido da frase para identificar o caminho que 
aquele verbo modal está indicando 
 
Can - Poder ( presente) 
O can expressa uma capacidade, ou seja, uma habilidade que você tenha. 
Também é muito usado para pedir ou conceder permissão, mas somente 
em situações informais, ok? 
 
Afirmação: 
I can swim very well. (Eu consigo nadar muito bem.) 
She can study for a long time. (Ela pode estudar por muito tempo.) 
 
Negação: 
I can’t/cannot play the piano. (Eu não consigo tocar piano.) 
He can’t/cannot answer the phone right now. (Ele não pode atender o 
telefone agora.) 
 
Interrogação: 
Can you draw? (Você sabe desenhar?) 
Can we go to the gym? (Nós podemos ir à academia?) 
 
Notou que os verbos principais não são conjugados quando estão sendo 
auxiliados pelo can? Dica: isso ocorre com todos os modal verbs! 
 
Could - Poder ( passado ) 
O could indica uma habilidade passada. Ainda, pode expressar uma 
possibilidade remota, com uma chance mínima de acontecer, e pode ser 
usado para fazer um pedido mais formal. 
 
Afirmação: 
I could sleep until late when I was a child. (Eu podia dormir até tarde 
quando criança.) 
Maybe he could give you a ride. (Talvez ele poderia te dar uma carona.) 
 
Negação: 
I couldn’t drive, but now I can! (Eu não podia dirigir, mas agora eu posso!) 
We couldn’t extend the deadline. (Nós não podíamos estender o prazo.) 
 
Interrogação: 
Could I arrive a little later? (Eu posso chegar um pouco atrasada?) 
Could you play soccer when you were younger? (Você podia jogar futebol 
quando era mais novo(a)?) 
 
May 
O may é um modal verb que indica forte possibilidade – algo muito 
possível de acontecer – e para pedir permissão. 
Afirmação: 
I may travel with my family this weekend. (É possível que eu viaje com 
minha família este fim de semana.) 
She may call me tonight. (Pode ser que ela me ligue hoje à noite.) 
 
Negação: 
I may not be able to write this article. (Eu posso não conseguir escrever 
este artigo.) 
He may not go to the party. (Ele não pode ir à festa.) 
 
Interrogação: 
Teacher, may I go to the bathroom, please? (Professor(a), eu posso ir ao 
banheiro, por favor?) 
May I talk to you? (Eu posso conversar com você?) 
Atenção: com os modal verbs, nós nunca usamos o to diante de um verbo 
no infinitivo. Ou seja, falar “He may not to go” é errado! 
 
Might 
Use o might apenas se sua intenção for expressar uma possibilidade 
remota, ou seja, algo que pode ou não acontecer. 
 
Afirmação: 
He is busy, but he might show up later. (Ele está ocupado, mas pode ser 
que apareça mais tarde.) 
Pam might be pregnant. (Pam pode estar grávida.) 
 
Negação: 
Her baby might not be a boy. (O bebê dela pode não ser um menino.) 
I might not be here tomorrow. (Pode ser que eu não esteja aqui amanhã.) 
 
BIZU: Interrogação: 
O might não é comumente usado em sentenças interrogativas, mas pode 
aparecer de modo indireto em questões. 
ex: 
Do you believe he might be guilty? (Você acredita que ele pode ser 
culpado?) 
 
Must 
Usa-se o must para insinuar obrigações em frases afirmativas e 
proibições em frases negativas. 
 
Afirmação: 
I must study for the exam. (Eu preciso estudar para o exame.) 
We must pay our bills. (Nós devemos pagar nossas contas.) 
 
BIZU:negação = PROIBIÇÃO 
I must not speak portuguese . (Eu não posso falar português.) 
She mustn’t smoke in here. (Ela não pode fumar aqui.) 
 
Desobrigação/ falta de necessidade= have to 
A construção “have to” tem ideia equivalente ao modal must e é 
especialmente usada para passar uma ideia de falta de necessidade ou 
obrigação: 
I have to study for the exam, (Eu tenho que estudar para o exame.) 
I don’t have to study for the exam. (eu não tenho que estudar para o 
exame.) 
 
 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 09 CBMERJ 
 
 
2 
Interrogação: 
Must you act like that? (Você precisa agir dessa forma?) 
Mustn’t I wash the dishes right now? (Eu não devo lavar a louça agora?) 
 
BIZU: DEDUÇÃO LÓGICA 
O must pode ser usado para fazer uma dedução lógica 
Her flight took 12hrs. She must be exhausted. (O vôo dela levou 12hrs. 
Ela deve estar exausta.) 
 
Should 
O should é usado quando queremos dar conselhos ou fazer 
recomendações. 
 
Afirmação: 
I think you should talk to him. (Eu acho que você deveria conversar com 
ele.) 
Everybody should read more books. (Todo mundo deveria ler mais livros.) 
 
Negação: 
You shouldn’t go to that meeting. (Você não deveria ir àquele encontro.) 
We shouldn’t have done that. (Nós não deveríamos ter feito aquilo.) 
 
Interrogação: 
Should I write a book? (Eu deveria escrever um livro?) 
Shouldn’t you take your medicines? (Você não deveria tomar seus 
remédios?) 
Shouldn’t é a forma contraída de “should not”.( Você pode optar por 
qualquer uma das duas, mas é mais comum que se use a primeira.) 
 
Reforçando: analise o contexto da frase para apreender, exatamente, o 
que ela está querendo te dizer. 
 
Ought to 
Ought to é sinônimo de should e sua principal diferença é ser mais formal 
e consequentemente pode ser considerado, em alguns contextos, um 
conselho mais forte e direto por conta desta maior formalidade. 
 
Afirmação: 
I think you ought to talk to him. Eu acho que você deveria conversar com 
ele. 
Everybody ought to read more books. Todo mundo deveria ler mais livros. 
 
Negação: 
You ought not to go to that meeting. (Você não deveria ir àquele 
encontro.) 
We oughtn’t tohave done that. (Nós não deveríamos ter feito aquilo.) 
A sua forma negativa é incomum, sendo usado preferencialmente 
shouldn’t 
 
Had Better 
Nos referirmos ao presente ou ao futuro, para falar sobre ações que 
achamos que as pessoas devem fazer ou que são desejáveis em uma 
situação específica. A forma verbal é sempre Had, não Have. 
Normalmente, reduzimos para ‘d better em situações informais. É 
seguido pelo infinitivo sem To: 
 
Afirmação: 
It’s five o’clock. I’d better go now before the traffic gets too bad. (São 
cinco horas. É melhor ir agora antes que o trânsito fique muito ruim. ) 
The democratic movement had better concentrate on the immediate 
issues of the economy and security. (Seria melhor o movimento 
democrático se concentrar nas questões imediatas da economia e 
segurança.) 
 
Negação: 
I’d better not leave my bag there. Someone might steal it. (É melhor não 
deixar minha bolsa lá. Alguém pode roubá-la.) 
You’d better not tell Elizabeth about the broken glass – she’ll go crazy! (É 
melhor você não contar a Elizabeth sobre os cacos de vidro - ela ficará 
louca!) 
 
Interrogação: 
Had I better speak to Joan first before I send this form off? What do you 
think? (É melhor eu falar com Joan antes de enviar este formulário? O 
que você acha?) 
Had we better leave a note for the delivery guy to take the parcel next 
door? (É melhor deixar um recado para o entregador levar o pacote aqui 
no vizinho do lado?) 
 
Exercises 
 
01. Choose the best alternative to have the paragraph completed 
correctly. 
The stepmother smiled and said: “Of course you ___ go, Cinderella. If you 
____ your work first and if you _____ a dress to wear.” 
a) may – do – have 
b) could – was – bought 
c) might – are doing – lend 
d) ought to – would finish – washed 
 
Read the text and answer question 02. 
The 7 New Wondersof the World were announced at a 
ceremony in Lisbon, Portugal, ___ 07-07-07 and the Statue of Christ the 
Redeemer, in Rio de Janeiro, is one of them. 
Since 2001 over 100 million people worldwide voted ___ their 
favorite monuments by telephone and ___ the Internet. The Statue of 
Christ was the third-most voted. It is 38 meters tall and took five years to 
be built. It is on top of the hill, Corcovado, and was opened in 1931. The 
inclusion of the Statue of Christ amongst the New 7 Wonders of the World 
should boost tourism in Brazil. The Ministry of Tourism believes that over 
the next few years ____ 250,000 new jobs will be created in the tourism 
sector. 
(Adapted from a Maganews Article) 
GLOSSARY: 
To boost = impulsionar 
Amongst = entre, no meio de 
 
02. The modal “should”, underlined in the text, is being used as 
a) advice 
b) request 
c) permission 
d) expectation 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 09 CBMERJ 
 
3 
Read the joke and answer the question. 
Teacher: “Johnny, how can you prove the world is round?” 
Johnny: “I never said it was, miss.” 
 
03. The modal verb, underlined in the dialog, 
expresses 
a) ability. 
b) advice. 
c) possibility. 
d) permission. 
 
Read the text and answer questions 04 and 05. 
Different ways of talking 
Both Joy and Tommy are growing up in the culture of the United States. 
They are learning what it means to be a girl and a boy in this culture. Their 
sex at birth, female or male, is now becoming a gender – a way of 
thinking, speaking, and acting that is considered feminine or masculine. 
Each culture has its own way of defining gender, and very early in life 
gender becomes a basic part of a person’s identity. In the United States 
and Canada, boys and girls usually play in the same sex groups. Boys play 
in large groups in which every boy knows his place. Some are leaders; 
others are followers. Many boys like to get attention by boasting, or 
talking how well they can do things. Girls, on the other hand, usually play 
in smaller groups. They may be interested in playing fairly and taking 
turns. For example, when jumping rope, the rope-holders always take their 
turn jumping. Dr.Tannen, a professor at Georgetown University, has found 
that these differences are reflected in the ways that children use 
language while they play. Boys often use commands when they talk to 
each other while girls use the form “let’s” when they want to express their 
preferences, emphasizing the fact that all of them belong to the same 
group. These differences seem to be part of growing up in the culture of 
the United States. If men and women can understand that many of their 
differences are cultural, not personal, they may be able to improve their 
relationships and understand that there is more than one way to 
communicate. 
 
04. In the sentence “Can you hand me the rope?”, can expresses 
a) ability. 
b) request. 
c) permission. 
d) possibility. 
 
05. “They may be interested in playing fairly...”, (line 17), means that they 
a) jump rope quite well. 
b) believe in fairy godmothers. 
c) enjoy playing in small groups. 
d) like to play in a way that is honest. 
 
Read the text and answer question 06. 
How horses can sleep standing up and not fall over? 
Most of us need eight hours sleep a night. Horses can get by with only 
half that amount – and unlike us they are able to fall asleep standing up, 
without falling over! In the wild, horses are prey to wolves and other 
animals. Lying down, they are much more vulnerable than they are 
standing up. So over millions of years their bodies have developed a way 
of staying upright even when they are asleep. Although most horses no 
longer live in the wild, they can still fall asleep as their ancestors used to. 
The reason they are able to do this is a unique system of ligaments – the 
cords which bind bones together . A horse’s ligaments act like a sling 
over its whole body. These can lock its joints into a fixed position, so it 
can stand upright without any conscious muscular effort while it sleeps. 
It is a pity human beings have not developed a way of doing this. It could 
be very handy for long queues or travelling on crowded trains! 
GLOSSARY: 
prey: presa 
(to)bind: atar; ligar; amarrar 
sling: ligadura 
like: como 
queue: fila 
 
06. “are able to”, (line 12), can be replaced by 
a) can. 
b) may. 
c) could. 
d) should. 
 
Read the cartoon and answer question 07: 
 
07. According to the cartoon, 
a) the daughter was worried about her mother. 
b) the mother didn’t know what her daughter wanted. 
c) the mother wanted her daughter to be more respectful. 
d) neither the girl nor the mother knew what they wanted. 
 
Read the extract and answer question 08. 
Chandra is a dentist in Texas. She is from India.” I’m afraid to try new 
foods because they might contain beef. I’m a Hindu, and my religion 
forbids me to eat meat from the cow. That’s why I can’t eat hamburgers 
or spaghetti with meatballs.” 
 
08. The modal verb, underlined in the extract, expresses 
a) advice. 
b) ability. 
c) possibility. 
d) permission. 
 
Read the text and answer question 09. 
Tongue Studs Cause Infections 
The British Dental Association has reported that the tongue studs used in 
tongue piercing cause infections, orthodontic problems and speech 
impediments. __________, studs are at risk of being swallowed or inhaled 
if they become loose, not to mention causing tongues to become swollen, 
which then interferes with breathing in some cases. The Association also 
warned that non-sterilized equipment could lead to HIV and hepatitis. 
GLOSSARY: 
studs: pinos 
 
09. A similar meaning to “could”, (line 8), is 
a) may. 
b) must. 
c) have to. 
d) ought to. 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 09 CBMERJ 
 
 
4 
Read the dialogue and answer question 10. 
The following dialogue takes place between two native speakers of 
English in the lower airspace in the vicinity of a major airport. 
 
Pilot – Fox Charlie speaking. 
Who’s ahead ... us or Golf Yankee? 
Controller – Well... you’re neck and neck. 
Pilot – We can keep a high speed in the descent if 
you want us to. 
Controller – I don’t know how the TMA are going to 
plan this. You can if you wish. 
Pilot – You’re the boss. 
Controller – Well they’ll be the boss when you get 
down there. I’m just sort of keeping you apart for the 
moment. 
Pilot – Understood. 
GLOSSARY: 
vicinity = proximidade 
Fox Charlie = nome da aeronave 
Golf Yankee = nome da aeronave 
TMA = refere-se ao órgão de controle de tráfego 
aéreo 
 
10. In “We can keep a high speed in the descent if you want us to.”, we 
can infer that the pilot is 
a) asking if the descent speed is correct. 
b) complaining about the descent speed. 
c) warning the controller about the descent speed. 
d) saying that he is willing to maintain a high speed under the controller’s 
authorization. 
 
Read the dialog and answer question 11. 
 
Evan: Hey, Chloe. What are you doing? 
Chloe: I’m drawing a picture for the story I wrote in school today. 
Evan: Oh, yeah? Terrific. Can I see it? It’s very pretty. I like the colors. 
Chloe: Thanks, Dad. 
Evan: Chloe, go look in the kitchen. Is Mom _____ coffee? 
Chloe: Uh, no, Daddy, she’s still _______ the dishes. 
Evan: Oh. I guess I can wait a few minutes. I have to make a call. 
Chloe: Are you calling Grandma? 
Evan: No. It’s a business call. 
 
GLOSSARY 
to guess - achar, imaginar 
 
11. In ”Can I see it?”, (line 4), the modal verb “can” gives us an idea of 
a) ability. 
b) obligation. 
c) permission. 
d) probability. 
 
12. Fill in the blank with the suitable option: 
“... a customs duty of 50% shall be levied on the exceeding amount.”, 
(lines 14 and 15), leads to the conclusion that a tax __________ be charged 
by customs when a traveler exceeds the purchase ceiling. 
a) may 
b) won’t 
c) might 
d) has to 
Read theparagraph and answer question 13. 
Angry Birds 
Angry Birds are fat and round. Angry Birds cannot fly. But Angry Birds are 
superstars. Millions of people around the world are addicted to them. It’s 
the number one game for smartphones. 
(Adapted from Speak Up #295) 
 
GLOSSARY: 
Addicted to – viciado em 
 
13. The affirmative form of the underlined modal verb, in the paragraph, 
expresses: 
a) obligation 
b) necessity 
c) advice 
d) ability 
 
Read the dialog and answer question 14. 
A: Sorry I arrived late, Mr. Bloom. I had some car trouble this morning. 
B: No problem, Kathy. Try to be here on time tomorrow. 
A: Thanks, Mr. Bloom. 
 
14. In “Try to be here on time tomorrow.”, the sentence means that she 
_______________. 
a) should arrive on the dot. 
b) mustn’t arrive on time. 
c) might arrive earlier. 
d) can’t arrive late. 
 
Read the text and answer question 15. 
The food that everyone loves 
Several studies in recent years have found that chocolate could be more 
beneficial than harmful. It can be bad for you if you overdo it: in this case, 
it can trigger migraines or digestive disorders, besides making you fat. 
Doctors and nutritionists recommend that daily consumption should not 
exceed 50 grams. The good thing about chocolate, especially dark 
chocolate, is that it has a high level of substances called flavonoids, 
which help reduce the risk of heart disease. Besidesbeing delicious, 
chocolate is nutritious because it contains vitamins A, B, C, D and E, and 
minerals – such as iron and phosphorus. 
 
15. In “It can be bad for you if you overdo it...”, the 
text suggests that chocolate 
a) could cause deadly diseases 
b) may help people lose weight 
c) can be harmful to people over a certain age 
d) should not be consumed in large quantities every day. 
 
Read the text and answer question 16. 
Smart traveler, expert opinion about the airport 
The first piece of advice is, people should always carry a good book. It 
helps to pass the time as you wait for your delayed flight. Don’t forget to 
take a sweater or a jacket on the plane. It can get very cold on a long night 
flight. And then there is airline food. Take a snack (cookies or fruit) with 
you. Sometimes the food is late, sometimes it doesn’t arrive at all, and 
it’s never very good. 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 09 CBMERJ 
 
5 
16. In “...people should always carry a good book”, 
should is used to 
a) give an order. 
b) show surprise. 
c) ask for permission. 
d) give a pice of advice. 
 
Read the text and answer question 17. 
During a two-day referendum last week, the people of the Falkland Islands 
(known in Brazil as “Malvinas”) voted overwhelmingly to remain a British 
overseas territory. Shortly after the referendum result, David Cameron, 
the British Prime Minister, said that Argentina must respect the wishes of 
the Falkland islanders. “They want to remain British and that view should 
be respected by everybody, including by Argentina”, Mr. Cameron said. 
(Adapted from www.telegraph.co.uk) 
GLOSSARY 
overwhelmingly – em uma maioria esmagadora; em uma grande maioria 
 
17. In “...Argentina must respect the wishes of...”the underlined word can 
be replaced by 
a) would like to. 
b) is likely to. 
c) is able to. 
d) needs to. 
 
Read the text and answer question18. 
EARPRINTS 
First there were fingerprints, then came DNA profiling to aid the police in 
finding criminals. And now we’ve gone one step further still: earprints. 
British police have begun putting together a database of criminal’s 
earprints. Just like fingerprints, no two ear lobe prints are exactly the 
same, and earprints can be found with remarkable ease at many crimes 
sites. Unwary burglars often leave an earprint when listening at windows 
and doors before they commit their crime. Roger Summers, head of 
Derbyshire Police’s scientific support unit, admits that it is not foolproof. 
“Nobody has been convicted purely on earprint evidence. It may be that 
earprints will not stand up in court in the same way as fingerprints, but 
they could be useful corroborative evidence,” he says. 
(Taken from Speak Up # 134) 
GLOSSARY: 
lobe = lóbulo 
remarkable = notável 
unwary = descuidado 
foolproof = infalível 
corroborative = corroborative 
 
18. The modal verbs, underlined in the text, are expressing, respectively: 
a) possibility / ability 
b) permission / advice 
c) deduction / possibility 
d) possibility / possibility 
 
19. Research shows that sunscreens may not be as effective as hoped at 
preventing sunburn. Users may be spending long hours in the sun with a 
false sense of security. – The word MAY expresses the idea of: 
a) permission. 
b) possibility. 
c) prohibition. 
d) obligation. 
e) expectation. 
20. He __________ avoid __________ mistakes. 
a) ought – making 
b) must – make 
c) shall – make 
d) needs – make 
e) should – making 
 
21. __________ we conclude, in line with the opinions of some scholars, 
that black Nigerians are genetically more intelligent than Europeans? – 
Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que preenche corretamente 
a lacuna do texto: 
a) Have 
b) Are 
c) Can 
d) Is 
e) Had 
 
22. Assinale a alternativa correta: 
We __________ hurry. The bus leaves in 10 minutes. 
a) can 
b) must 
c) do 
d) did 
e) would 
 
23. - "Excuse me, sir. __________ you tell me the time?" 
- "Sure, it's 5:20." 
a) May 
b) Do 
c) Can 
d) Have 
e) Shall 
 
Read the dialogue and answer questions 24 and 25. 
Child: Mom, uncle Tom looks so sleepy and tired. 
Mom: He may have stayed up all night. 
 
24. “May”, in bold type in the dialogue, expresses 
a) impossibility. 
b) possibility. 
c) permission. 
d) certainty. 
 
25. “So”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning 
to 
a) such 
b) much 
c) many 
d) very 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 09 CBMERJ 
 
 
6 
Answer key 
 
01. a)may – do – have 
02. d)expectation 
03. a) ability. 
04. In the sentence “Can you hand me the rope?”, 
Can expresses 
b) request. 
05. “They may be interested in playing fairly...”, (line 
17), means that they 
d) like to play in a way that is honest. 
06. “are able to”, (line 12), can be replaced by 
a) can. 
07. According to the cartoon, 
c) the mother wanted her daughter to be more 
respectful. 
08. The modal verb, underlined in the extract, expresses 
c) possibility. 
09. A similar meaning to “could”, (line 8), is 
a) may. 
10. In “We can keep a high speed in the descent if 
you want us to.”, we can infer that the pilot is 
d) saying that he is willing to maintain a high speed 
under the controller’s authorization. 
11. In ”Can I see it?”, (line 4), the modal verb “can” 
gives us an idea of 
c) permission. 
12. Fill in the blank with the suitable option: 
d)has to 
13. The affirmative form of the underlined modal verb, 
in the paragraph, expresses: 
d.ability 
14. In “Try to be here on time tomorrow.”, the 
sentence means that she_______________. 
a) should arrive on the dot. 
15. In “It can be bad for you if you overdo it...”, the 
text suggests that chocolate 
d)should not be consumed in large quantities every 
day. 
16. In “...people should always carry a good book”, 
should is used to 
d) give a pice of advice. 
17. In “...Argentina must respect the wishes of...”the 
underlined word can be replaced by 
d) needs to. 
18. The modal verbs, underlined in the text, are 
expressing, respectively: 
d. possibility / possibility 
19. b 
20. e 
21. c 
22. b 
23. a 
24. b 
25. d