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Curso: Ciências Contábeis/UFRJ Disciplina: Economia I LISTA DE EXERCÍCIO 2 QUESTÕES 1. O que representa um Déficit ou um Superávit Orçamentário? Qual a principal diferença entre o déficit orçamentário primário e o nominal? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Faça a distinção entre déficit público e dívida pública e indique como o primeiro conceito poderia levar a composição do segundo. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Qual a composição do Setor Público Direto e Indireto? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. O que é moeda? Quais as principais características que uma moeda deve ter? Explique as três funções básicas da moeda. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Quais as principais funções desempenhadas pelo Banco Central? Comente! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Defina base monetária e meios de pagamento e estabeleça a diferença entre ambos os conceitos. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. O que são os bancos comerciais? Explique os tipos de reservas existentes nesses bancos. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Explique o mecanismo multiplicador da base monetária praticado pelos bancos comerciais. Qual a diferença entre depósitos voluntários e depósitos compulsórios? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________9. Sabendo-se que os indivíduos deixam todo o valor que recebem depositados em bancos comerciais responda o problema a seguir: À partir de um depósito à vista inicial de R$ 2.000,00 e considerando que os bancos comerciais optem por deixar 10% de depósito voluntário, que a autoridade monetária estabeleça 20% de depósito compulsório, qual seria o montante monetário total gerado pelos bancos comerciais? 10. Pela teoria da preferência pela liquidez de Keynes, podemos estabelecer que a demanda por moeda é diretamente proporcional ao nível de renda da economia e inversamente proporcional à taxa de juros. Considerando que a demanda por moeda é dada pela seguinte equação: Md = 0,5Y – 100i . Qual seria a demanda por moeda (em R$) caso a renda fosse de R$ 10.000,00 e a taxa de juros de 12% no período. O que aconteceria com a demanda por moeda se o banco central subisse os juros para 15%? 11. Explique o que é uma política monetária contracionista e expansionista. Apresente exemplos para cada situação. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Comente os três principais instrumentos de política monetária que podem ser utilizados pelo banco central para o controle da oferta de moeda e da inflação. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Explique o que é uma política fiscal contracionista e expansionista. Apresente exemplos para cada situação. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Explique o que é inflação e comente os principais tipos de inflação existentes. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Explique o que é um índice geral de preços de uma economia. Quais os principais índices existentes? Como se calcula o IGP? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Dado que em 2020 o IGP foi de 115 e que em 2021 ele subiu para 140, calcule a taxa de inflação para o período. 17. Considerando uma velocidade de circulação da moeda de v = 5, um nível de preços de p= R$10,00 e uma produção total de Y = R$ 2.500,00, a teoria quantitativa da moeda propõe que a oferta de moeda deveria ser de M = 5.000,00. Dado que não haja alterações na velocidade de circulação da moeda e nem na produção, o que ocorreria com essas variáveis caso a autoridade monetária (banco central) resolvesse mudar a oferta de moeda de 5.000 para 10.000? Que conclusões você pode tirar deste exemplo? 18. Explique o que é o Balanço de Pagamentos? Comente sobre os seus principais componentes e contas. Explique o que é um déficit e um superávit no balanço de pagamentos. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19. O que é a taxa de câmbio? Diferencie o regime de câmbio fixo do regime de câmbio flexível. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Em que consiste uma valorização e uma desvalorização cambial. Um déficit no balanço de pagamentos sob um regime de câmbio flexível tenderia a provocar uma valorização ou desvalorização cambial? Explique! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ image1.jpeg