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CAP. 07
SOCIAL MEDIA – PRESENT SIMPLE (FREQUENCY)
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Hello, student! In this chapter, we will talk about the importance of identifying fake news
spread on social media and the adverbs of frequency that can help us use English with
more accuracy to speak and write in the present tense.
Let's go?
Para começar e refletirPara começar e refletir
1
Rotina de pensamento:
Think-Pair-Share
 ROTINA DE PENSAMENTO
 
A group of people talking and connected to their devices
while they are being attracted to social media.
shutterstock.com
Provocative moment: The following image shows a group of people being
attracted to a bigger cellphone. Leading them to news, information that is
constantly shared on social media. Having easy access to social media is good,
but we also have to be attentive to the content found there. Follow the steps to
do the activity.
1.
Observe the image above, attentively, and take notes of everything you can find
in it: ideas, elements, speculations etc.
2.
In pairs, discuss what elements and ideas you could find in the picture. Listen
to what your classmate has to add to this discussion. Take notes of new ideas
that can come up in this process.
3.
Share with the whole class the results of the discussion with your peer, related
to the image.
Social media these days is also used to inform and share information with users around the
world. Although, sometimes, it is important to check the source and veracity of this
information. Read the following text and find out how to identify reliable sources of news
or any other information.
Reading: fake news on social mediaReading: fake news on social media
2
How to Identify Fake News on Social Media
A keyboard with the keys fake news and facts.
shutterstock.com
Evaluate the motives behind online posts and learn to distinguish false content from real information.
When studying news sharing on social media in the UK, researchers Andrew Chadwick and Cristian
Vaccari state that "in today's media systems, people may be more likely to encounter false and
misleading information on a daily basis". The difference between trustworthy and untrustworthy
news on public forums has become a frequently discussed and occasionally volatile topic over the
last few years.
Social media is an almost unavoidable part of our society now – can it be a trusted news source? Not
always. If you want to become more media-savvy and be able to identify fake news, there are
questions you can ask yourself. These questions will vary depending on what type of account you're
following.
Personal accounts
If you're following a personal account and wondering about the reliability of news being shared, it's
important to ask questions and do research. Social media platform algorithms are designed for
optimized user retention and engagement and are not looking for misinformation or disinformation.
A few questions that can help you identify fake news are:
Does the account that shared the post have emotional or professional stakes in these claims? What
is the content asking you to focus on? Is this information reasonable? Is it reputable, or does it cite
reputable sources? Why is it valuable to the account that shared it?
Fake News on Social Media | Mailchimp. Disponível em: <https://mailchimp.com/resources/fake-news-on-
social-media/>. Acesso em: 21 jul. 2021.
 Glossário
Stake in these claims (verb – stake a claim to something): say or show that you have the
right to it and that it should belong to you.
3
A
B
C
Trustworthy: deserving of trust, or able to be trusted.
Volatile: likely to change emotional state very suddenly, especially by becoming angry.
Agora é com você 
Questão 01
After reading the text How To Identify Fake News on Social Media, answer the following
questions.
1.a)
What is the main objective of the text?
1.b)
What kind of text is that? What evidences could you find to confirm it?
1.c)
In your opinion, does the text provide accessible language to its readers? What elements
can justify your answer?
Questão 02
2.a)
"[...] in today's media systems, people may be more likely to encounter false and
misleading information on a daily basis."
Misleading information means:
accurate information.
false information.
important information.
2.b)
In the excerpt "Social media is an almost unavoidable part of our society now," the
word in bold means:
4
A
B
C
A
B
C
false.
dangerous.
inevitable.
2.c)
What word, in the excerpt, could replace the one in bold?
"If you're following a personal account and wondering about the reliability of news
being shared..."
safety
importance
risky
Identifying fake news
It is important to know how to identify some characteristics that fake news may present.
The more information we have, the more we avoid spreading this kind of misinformation
around social media and other online platforms.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2AdkNH-
kWA&ab;_channel=CommonSenseMediaRatings%26Reviews
5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2AdkNH-kWA&ab_channel=CommonSenseMediaRatings%2526Reviews
A
B
C
Agora é com você 
Questão 01
After watching the video Five ways to spot fake news, answer the following questions.
1.a)
According to the video, what are some ways to spot fake news on the internet?
1.b)
What kind of public is the video focused on? What evidence can justify your answer?
1.c)
Can you explain the instruction cross-check, which was explained in the video?
1.d)
What word could replace the word in bold that was extracted from the video? " Dissect
the layout."
Investigate the layout.
Scroll the layout.
Follow the layout.
1.e)
In your opinion, is the video reliable? What makes you say that?
6
•
•
•
•
Roda de conversa:
the impacts of fake news
 PRÁTICA ATIVA
 
Read attentively this piece of news shared on Facebook and answer the
following questions, in groups of three or four students. 
Image of a Facebook post containing fake news.
Techtudo
 Glossário
Hoax: a humorous or malicious deception.
What is the topic of the news shared on Facebook?
What are the consequences if people keep sharing fake news?
How can we prevent people from spreading this kind of news?
Do you think that, with the accessibility to information, is it easier or
harder to find reliable news?
7
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►
►
►
Saiba mais 
Social media giants to stop fake news spreading about the coronavirus
Some boxes with logos and symbols of different social media.
Bloomicon / shutterstock.com
Some social media platforms have announced and taken measures in order to stop
the spread of fake news, especially in moments that many things are happening
around the world and fake news can be really harmful to society. Observe what each
platform has done to deal with fake news.
Twitter: it has announced that it will delete any tweets which give false
information about the coronavirus, including unverified claims that incite people
to action.
Facebook: it will put a coronavirus information centre at the top of the News
Feed in the United States and other countries around the world.
WhatsApp: This media, which is owned by Facebook (FB), is coming under
renewed scrutiny over how it handles misinformation as the coronavirus
pandemic rampages across the globe.
Reddit: communities around Reddit will host AMA sessions with medical
professionals, health organizations and authoritative voices on coronavirus and
its impact.
Language in useLanguage in use
8
Logo of different apps, mainly social media.
shutterstock.com
Facebook, one of the most accessed social media, has taken some measures in order to
prevent the sharing of fake news. Some topics such as politics (especially during the
elections) and health have been targeted by this kind of misleading information. The causes
canbe very serious, that's why, during this chapter, we had the chance to learn how to
identify some probable websites that generate fake news.
Do the following activity and get more information about this topic.
Explorando:
checking news
 PRÁTICA ATIVA
 
Questão 01
According to what we have studied in this chapter about fake news on social
media, read the image below attentively and answer the questions.
Page of a website.
Buzzfeednews
1.a)
What are the main topics displayed on this website?
9
A
B
C
A
B
C
1.b)
What kind of public would be interested in this type of information?
1.c)
What are visual clues, found on this website, that make you believe it is, or it
is not, trustworthy?
1.d)
How would this type of fake news affect the candidates who are running in
this election?
1.e)
What is the frequency that we need to check if the content we share on social
media is trustworthy?
never.
sometimes.
always.
1.f)
What is the frequency we can share some news if we don't know the veracity
of it?
sometimes.
never
always.
AdverbsAdverbs
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Present and frequency
Alarm clock and coloured stickers with the inscription NOW.
shutterstock.com
We use the present tense in different situations. In this chapter, we will focus on this tense
to talk about routine and repeated actions using adverbs of frequency. These adverbs, as
the name suggests, are very used when we talk about the number of times we perform
certain actions, in the present.
Adverbs of frequency
An adverb of frequency is used to indicate how often an action happens. There are six
main adverbs of frequency that we use in English: always, usually (or normally), often,
sometimes, rarely, and never.
Observe the adverbs of frequency from 0% to 100% and get to know how often an action
happens.
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Word order
It is important to know some aspects of word order when we are using adverbs of
frequency. Most of them go in the middle of a sentence, before the main verb.
Example 1:
When there is an auxiliary verb (e.g. have, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may,
might, must) followed by a main verb, then the adverb goes between the auxiliary verb
and the main verb.
Example 2:
12
Importante: the verb to be (the exception!)
When using an adverb with the verb to be, we need to be careful with the word
order because the adverb of frequency comes after it (not before!).
Example:
Agora é com você 
Questão 01
Rewrite the sentences, placing the adverbs accordingly.
a) YouTube draws people's attention to viral videos. (sometimes)
b) My grandmother uses Facebook to correspond with far-flung friends. (frequently)
c) Friends engage in political discussions on social networks. (usually)
d) Twitter allows people to write more than 280 characters per post. (never)
Questão 02
Answer the questions about yourself. Use frequency adverbs and complete the
sentences.
a) How often do you use social networks at school?
b) How often does Facebook send you alert messages?
c) How often do you receive urgent messages on WhatsApp?
Adverbs of definite frequency
We studied, previously, the use of adverbs of frequency which describe the frequency a
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►
►
certain action happens. We also have other adverbs to determine a definite frequency. This
means they are more specific concerning the regularity of actions.
Every: used before an amount to indicate something happening at specified intervals.
Example 1:
– How often do you access your Instagram account?
– Every day.
Example 2:
– How often do you share news on Facebook?
– Hmm, not every day. Every other day.
Once: means on one occasion or for one time only.
Example 1:
– How often do you post on social media?
– I don't post things so often. Only once a week.
Example 2:
– How often do you post stories on Instagram?
– Not very often. Maybe once a month.
Twice: means two times; on two occasions.
Example 1:
– I can't use my phone all the time, what about you?
– I use it twice a day. Before and after my class.
Example 2:
– Twice a month I receive some fake news on my Facebook.
– Really? That's awful. It's important to check the news before sharing it. It's irresponsible.
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Importante: periodical
Words of time, such as day, week, month, year etc., can replace frequency adverbs.
When we add -ly to words of time, such as day, week, month, year etc., they will
have the same meaning as every day, every week, every year etc.
Example 1:
Every day → daily
I use my Facebook every day, or I use my Facebook daily.
Example 2:
Every week → weekly
I post a new picture every week, or I post a picture weekly.
Agora é com você 
Questão 01
Rewrite the sentences by replacing the underlined words without changing the
meaning.
1.a)
She posts stories every day.
1.b)
They use WhatsApp every hour.
1.c)
I barely use my Facebook. I access it once a month.
1.d)
I share news on social media once a week.
1.e)
I message my family daily.
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A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
Questão 02
Choose the right alternative.
2.a)
Jessica reads news on Facebook once: 
month.
in month.
on the month.
a month.
2.b)
I check the news on Twitter once:
in day.
a day.
on day.
on every day.
2.c)
Julia accesses her Facebook account only on weekends. She uses Facebook:
every day.
twice a day.
twice a month.
twice a week.
2.d)
Robert posts on Instagram once a month. How many times does he post in a year?
10
16
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
•
•
•
•
5
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8
2.e)
Vanessa receives fake news in her email:
every day.
every a day.
once day.
every daily.
Express yourself:
how often do you...?
 PRÁTICA ATIVA
 
Using the adverbs of frequency and working in pairs, ask and answer the
following questions (orally).
How often do you access your Instagram account?
How often do you share posts on social media? What kind of posts do you
like to share?
How often do you check your WhatsApp? Do you share any news using
this app?
How often do you see fake news on social media?
Social media nowadays is a source of news too. The quantity of fake news, unfortunately,
has increased, especially in moments when something important is happening: elections, a
Reliable sourcesReliable sources
17
•
•
•
•
•
•
pandemic etc.
Informing people how to find reliable sources of news is very important. Read and do the
activity below about fake news on social media.
Expressando ideias:
recognising sources
 PRÁTICA ATIVA
 
In this chapter, we could get to know more about fake news and social media.
It is important to warn users about the risks of sharing this information
publicly. 
The following activity will focus on bringing awareness to people who are on
the internet and may be affected by this type of news somehow.
Instructions
Gather information about fake news – how to identify it, what
characteristics it normally has.
Gather information about reliable sources – how to identify trustworthy
news, websites etc.
Put the information you gathered in a poster with images and sentences.
Present to the class the results of the information you've gathered.
Language
Observe some sentences in the present with adverbs of frequency that you can
use during your presentation about social media and fake news.
People sometimes post news on social media without checking the source
because...
We should never share news on social media...
We can always trust websites that...
18
 Sugestão para assistir
Poster of the documentary After Truth.
Divulgação
After Truth
The film surveys the effects of disinformation campaigns occurring on social media
and the impacts of well-known conspiracy theories.
The documentary shows that although the elements of fake news are not a novelty,
modern fake news is enhanced and amplified by information technology. Its roots
are distrust and exploitation.
Questão 01
Pratique: Pratique: social media and frequency adverbssocial media and frequency adverbs
19
The topics belowdescribe an app or a site. Read the descriptions and answer the questions.
I. Serving as a giant virtual idea and inspiration board, it has made a huge impact on social media in
the last few years. Especially popular with women and the do-it-yourself crowd, it lets you share
photos, creative thoughts or pictures of projects that others can pin, save, or duplicate.
II. This surprisingly addictive app gives you the ability to take a picture, add art and text if you'd like,
and then send it to recipients for a set amount of time (after which the photo will delete itself and be
removed from the company's servers). Lots of fun, and potentially a good way to stay in touch with
friends.
III. This site (also available as an app) offers users the chance to share and view brief video clips.
While that theoretically offers a virtually endless range of uses, most of its content is entertainment-
focused, with a heavy preference towards "viral" and "meme" clips that are easy to share.
IV. If you've ever wished that social engagement could come with a "how-to" manual written by the
experts, this site might be just what you're looking for. With lots of helpful advice, tips, and articles,
it can give you everything you need to start connecting like a pro.
MILANOVIC, Randy. The World's 21 Most Important Social Media Sites and Apps in 2015. Social Media Today,
13 Apr. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.socialmediatoday.com>. Acesso em: 24 set. 2016. (adaptado)
1.a)
How much do you know? Write the name of the app or site that fits into each description.
1.b)
Which of the social media
I. is the best to keep in touch with friends?
II. can make you a professional on social media?
III. is great to send a funny sequence to your friends?
IV. can be used to provide ideas to designers, artists, and students?
Questão 02
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A
B
C
D
E
John Atkinson / Wrong Hands
Cartoons try to observe the reality aspects and criticize social media in a fun way.
Considering this, we can tell that the main aspect addressed in the cartoon above is:
the word media comes from Latin and it is the plural of medium, the way
something is spread.
Facebook users try to get acceptance, and Flickr users want to show off.
every social media focuses on specific functionalities to interact with their users.
social media are more interested in promoting themselves than providing good
services to their users.
besides the differences, social media fulfil the human need of belonging.
Questão 03
Is too much social media use bad for teen health?
Social media connects people all over the world. The problem is that not everyone knows how to
disconnect. With constant streams of tweets, status updates and comments to sift through and
respond to, social media can create a never-ending and sometimes negative feedback loop.
Teenagers especially can feel a sense of pressure to stay active online. Many teens experience a
need to be responsive on social media 24/7, feeling compelled to answer texts or direct messages
almost immediately.
That sense of obligation to be available and the emotional investment involved with maintaining that
presence are affecting teens' mental health, finds a new study to be presented at the British
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A
B
C
D
E
Psychological Society. The results showed that social media use, particularly at night, along with
emotional investment in social networking interactions, led to poorer sleep quality, lower self-esteem
and higher levels of anxiety.
AL-KHATIB, Talal. Is Too Much Social Media Use Bad for Teen Health? News Discovery, 10 Sept. 2015.
Disponível em: <http://news.discovery.com>. Acesso em: 24 set. 2016. (adaptado)
Answer the questions about the text.
3.a)
What is an important aspect of social media use pointed out by the text?
People tend to have difficulties in staying connected 24/7.
Social media connects people who weren't connected before.
Some people are not prepared to respond to it as promptly as it deserves.
Many teens feel the need to be alert all the time to respond to texts or messages.
Even when a person stays active online, it is impossible to answer all the comments. 
3.b)
What may be affecting teens' health?
3.c)
What are the effects of intense social media use on teens' health?
Questão 04
Make questions to the following answers. Use the words given.
a) I never spend a day without logging into Snapchat.
Who: 
How often: 
b) Our teacher uses Facebook for class activities sometimes.
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A
B
C
D
Who: 
How often: 
What: 
Questão 05
Complete the sentences with the best options.
a) When you're involved with something 24/7, you are involved
( ) all the time.
( ) 24 days a month, 7 hours a day.
b) If you feel compelled to do something, you
( ) don't really feel like doing it.
( ) feel an urgent need to do it.
c) A person who has low self-esteem
( ) is not really confident about him or herself.
( ) thinks he or she is better than the others.
Questão 06
What is the opposite of always?
never
sometimes
rarely
seldom
Questão 07
Susan practices English every other day.
23
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
A different way to say the sentence above using an adverb is:
_____________ Susan practices English.
always.
never.
seldom.
sometimes.
Questão 08
What is the opposite of never?
always
sometimes
rarely
seldom
Questão 01
In the sentence "Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of prejudice", the underlined
expression means:
always.
rarely.
frequently.
seldom.
Questão 02
The alternative that contains only adverbs of frequency is:
always – often – usually – rarely.
frequently – sometimes – early.
Pratique: Pratique: Vestibulares e EnemVestibulares e Enem
24
C
D
E
badly – often – never – actually.
really – seldom – hardly ever.
occasional – fast – there – finally.
Questão 03
The Paradox of Our Times
by Jeff Dickson
The paradox of our times in History is that
We have taller buildings, but shorter tempers
Wider freeways, but narrower viewpoints
We spend more, but have less
We buy more, but enjoy it less
We have bigger houses and smaller families
More conveniences, but less time
We have more degrees, but less sense
More knowledge, but less judgment
More experts, but more problems
More medicine, but less wellness
We drink too much, smoke too much, spend too recklessly
Laugh too little, drive too fast, get too angry too quickly
Stay up too late, get too tired
Read too seldom, watch TV too much
And pray too seldom
We have multiplied our possessions but reduced our values
We talk too much, love too seldom, and hate too often
We've learned how to make a living, but not a life
25
A
B
C
We've added years to life, not life to years
We've been all the way to the moon and back
But have trouble crossing the street to meet a new neighbour
We've conquered outer space, but not inner space
We've cleaned up the air, but polluted the soul
We've split the atom, but not our prejudice
We have higher incomes, but lower morals
We've become long on quantity, but short on quality
These are the times of tall men and short characters
Steep profits and shallow relationships
These are the times of world peace, but domestic warfare
More leisure, but less fun
More kinds of food, but less nutrition
These are days of two incomes, but more divorce
Of fancier houses, but broken homes
It is a time when there is much in the show window
And nothing in the stockroom
A time when technology can bring this letter to you
And a time when you can choose either to make a difference
Or just hit delete
www.motivateus.com/stories/paradox.htm – July 2012.
In the line "we talk too much, love too seldom, and hate too often", what kind of adverb is
seldom?
place.
frequency.
degree.
26
D
•
•
•
manner.
The importance of detecting fake news that can be found on social media, in
platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp etc. Some characteristics, such as
uncommon URLs andgrammar errors are factors that can indicate a source of fake
news.
Adverbs of frequency are used to indicate the number of times we perform certain
actions, mostly in the present tense. Considering the quantity, from 0 to 100, they
are never, rarely, sometimes, often, usually, and always. The word order of
sentences with these adverbs is subject + adverb + verb + complement. When there is a
be verb in the sentence with an adverb, the order of the words change: subject + be
verb + adverb + verb + complement.
Adverbs of definite frequency are also used to show the frequency of actions, but
they provide more accurate information: every day/week/month, once a
day/week/month, twice a day/week/month, daily/weekly/monthly etc.
ResumoResumo
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	INGLÊS
	VER CAPÍTULO
	SLIDES DO CAPÍTULO
	Para começar e refletir
	Reading: fake news on social media
	Language in use
	Adverbs
	Reliable sources
	Pratique: social media and frequency adverbs
	Pratique: Vestibulares e Enem
	Resumo