Disputa por Royalties de Petróleo no RJ

Prévia do material em texto

5
Questão 1
RIO DE JANEIRO IS IN FIGHT OVER BRAZIL’S OIL RICHES
1 The lower house of Congress voted last
week to share the portion of the country’s
royalties from oil revenues that go to
Brazil’s states equally among the states.
5 The vote, part of a broad overhaul of the
nation’s oil laws being undertaken in the
wake of big offshore discoveries over the
last three years, was a shocking blow to the
state government of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s
10 biggest oil-producing region. If the bill
becomes law, it would deny the state of Rio
and other oil-producing states billions of
dollars in expected royalties. Rio’s annual
oil revenue would fall to about $134 million
15 from about $4.3 billion, state officials said.
But Rio’s governor, Sérgio Cabral, is
fighting back, calling the vote in Congress a
“lynching” and contending that it was
unconstitutional. He said promised public
20 works projects for the 2014 soccer World
Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Rio could be
imperiled by a sudden drop in revenues,
although the federal government has
pledged to back Rio’s Olympic effort. Mr.
25 Cabral, an ally of President Luiz Inácio Lula
da Silva, organized a large march through
Rio’s streets on Wednesday afternoon to
protest the move by Congress. Despite a
persistent rain, tens of thousands of people,
30 many of them state employees who had
been given the day off, showed up, with
many arriving on buses from all over the
state. “No one has the right to take away
that which nature has put within the limits of
35 Rio de Janeiro,” Carlos Lupi, Rio’s labor
minister, said in a speech at the march and
rally. Faced with the world’s most important
oil discovery in years, Brazil’s government
is seeking to alter the country’s oil laws to
40 centralize control over future oil revenues in
the federal government’s hands. The new
region, lying under about 20,000 feet of
water, salt and sand, is estimated to hold
more than five billion barrels of crude oil. If
45 recovered, it could transform Brazil into a
global oil power.
While the bulk of the oil is not expected to
flow for at least four years, Mr. da Silva and
his allies in Congress are pushing to get a
50 series of four oil-related laws passed before
Congress goes into recess in June or July.
The bills would seek to make the Brazilian
national oil company, Petrobras, the
operator of all future oil discoveries from the
55 new region, known as the presalt region.
They would also include a mammoth
capitalization of Petrobras, a stock issuance
expected to be valued at more than $50
billion, said Christopher Garman, an analyst
60 with the Eurasia Group, a risk consulting
firm in New York. With what could be
hundreds of billions of dollars at stake over
decades, the proposed bills have become
extremely contentious in Congress, where
65 opposition politicians are seeking to stall a
full vote on the bills until after the
presidential election in October. “What Lula
wants to avoid is that this huge fight over
distribution of royalty taxes gets in the way
70 of approving the proposal for oil reform,”
Mr. Garman said. “That is the risk for the
government.” The proposals on oil reform
and the issuance of stock in Petrobras
came under a cloud last week when two
75 members of Congress from states that do
not produce oil, Ibsen Pinheiro and
Humberto Souto, proposed the idea of
equally distributing the portion of royalties
from oil revenues that go to states and
80 municipalities. This would include both past
and future oil developments.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 3 abr. 2010. (Adaptado.)
De acordo com o texto, responda à questão.
A proposta de Lei garantindo a distribuição, para todos os Estados do Brasil, dos royalties advindos do
petróleo produzido no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foi apresentada na Câmara dos Deputados por:
a. Ação Popular, impetrada pelos moradores da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
b. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, presidente do Brasil.
c. Carlos Lupi, ministro do Trabalho.
d. Christopher Garman, analista de uma firma de consultoria de Nova York.
e. Ibsen Pinheiro e Humberto Souto, deputados federais.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a E. Como lemos nas linhas 74 a 80, a proposta de lei que prevê distribuição
igualitária, entre os estados do Brasil, da receita proveniente do petróleo foi feita pelos deputados
Ibsen Pinheiro e Humberto Souto ("two members of Congress from states that do not produce oil,
Ibsen Pinheiro and Humberto Souto, proposed the idea of equally distributing the portion of royalties
from oil revenues that go to states and municipalities").
Questão 2
RIO DE JANEIRO IS IN FIGHT OVER BRAZIL’S OIL RICHES
1 The lower house of Congress voted last
week to share the portion of the country’s
royalties from oil revenues that go to
Brazil’s states equally among the states.
5 The vote, part of a broad overhaul of the
nation’s oil laws being undertaken in the
wake of big offshore discoveries over the
last three years, was a shocking blow to the
state government of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s
10 biggest oil-producing region. If the bill
becomes law, it would deny the state of Rio
and other oil-producing states billions of
dollars in expected royalties. Rio’s annual
oil revenue would fall to about $134 million
15 from about $4.3 billion, state officials said.
But Rio’s governor, Sérgio Cabral, is
fighting back, calling the vote in Congress a
“lynching” and contending that it was
unconstitutional. He said promised public
20 works projects for the 2014 soccer World
Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Rio could be
imperiled by a sudden drop in revenues,
although the federal government has
pledged to back Rio’s Olympic effort. Mr.
25 Cabral, an ally of President Luiz Inácio Lula
da Silva, organized a large march through
Rio’s streets on Wednesday afternoon to
protest the move by Congress. Despite a
persistent rain, tens of thousands of people,
30 many of them state employees who had
been given the day off, showed up, with
many arriving on buses from all over the
state. “No one has the right to take away
that which nature has put within the limits of
35 Rio de Janeiro,” Carlos Lupi, Rio’s labor
minister, said in a speech at the march and
rally. Faced with the world’s most important
oil discovery in years, Brazil’s government
is seeking to alter the country’s oil laws to
40 centralize control over future oil revenues in
the federal government’s hands. The new
region, lying under about 20,000 feet of
water, salt and sand, is estimated to hold
more than five billion barrels of crude oil. If
45 recovered, it could transform Brazil into a
global oil power.
While the bulk of the oil is not expected to
flow for at least four years, Mr. da Silva and
his allies in Congress are pushing to get a
50 series of four oil-related laws passed before
Congress goes into recess in June or July.
The bills would seek to make the Brazilian
national oil company, Petrobras, the
operator of all future oil discoveries from the
55 new region, known as the presalt region.
They would also include a mammoth
capitalization of Petrobras, a stock issuance
expected to be valued at more than $50
billion, said Christopher Garman, an analyst
60 with the Eurasia Group, a risk consulting
firm in New York. With what could be
hundreds of billions of dollars at stake over
decades, the proposed bills have become
extremely contentious in Congress, where
65 opposition politicians are seeking to stall a
full vote on the bills until after the
presidential election in October. “What Lula
wants to avoid is that this huge fight over
distribution of royalty taxes gets in the way
70 of approving the proposal for oil reform,”
Mr. Garman said. “That is the risk for the
government.” The proposals on oil reform
and the issuance of stock in Petrobras
came under a cloud last week when two
75 members of Congress from states that do
not produce oil, Ibsen Pinheiro and
Humberto Souto, proposed the idea of
equally distributing the portionmore common and more destructive for the world's coastal cities. By
releasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, we have warmed the
Earth by more than a full degree Fahrenheit over the past century and raised sea level by about eight
inches. Even if we stopped burning all fossil fuels tomorrow, the existing greenhouse gases would
continue to warm the Earth for centuries. We have irreversibly committed future generations to a
hotter world and rising seas. […]
Global warming affects sea level in two ways. About a third of its current rise comes from thermal
expansion – from the fact that water grows in volume as it warms. The rest comes from the melting of
ice on land. So far it’s been mostly mountain glaciers, but the big concern for the future is the giant
ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Six years ago the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) issued a report predicting a maximum of 23 inches of sea-level rise by the end of this century.
[…] However, that report intentionally omitted the possibility that the ice sheets might flow more
rapidly into the sea, on the grounds that the physics of that process was poorly understood. But
climate scientists now estimate that Greenland and Antarctica combined have lost on average about
50 cubic miles of ice each year since 1992 – roughly 200 billion metric tons of ice annually. Many
think sea level will be at least three feet higher than today by 2100.
National Geographic. v. 224, n. 3, set. 2013. Adaptado.
The word "Many" ("Many think sea level will be at least three feet higher than today by 2100"), in the
last paragraph, refers to
a) the physics.
b) the ice sheets.
c) the climate scientists.
d) 50 cubic miles of ice.
e) Greenland and Antarctica.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A palavra "many", em "Many think sea level will be at least three feet higher than today by 2100", no
último parágrafo, se refere a "the climate scientists", ou seja, os cientistas que estudam o clima,
mencionados no período imediatamente anterior e cujas previsões aparecem no período citado nesta
questão.
Questão 19
ROVERS ON MARS
Curiosity is the latest and by far the largest of four Nasa rovers. In 1997 Sojourner, the smallest and
simplest, proved that Mars roving was possible. Spirit and Opportunity analyzed rocks, confirming
evidence from orbiters that large amounts of water had once been present on Mars. (Opportunity is
still roving after nine years and 22 miles.) Curiosity can drill into rocks and scoop the powder into an
onboard chemical lab. It's looking not just for water but also for ancient environments where microbes
could have lived. "We are not searching for life itself; that would take instruments even more
advanced than Curiosity's. Its job is to help us figure out where a future mission should look for life",
says John Grotzinger, Caltech geologist and chief scientist for the Curiosity mission.
GROTZINGER, John. Field trip on Mars. National Geographic, vol. 224, n. 1, jul. 2013. Adapted.
De acordo com o texto, analise as afirmativas a seguir:
I. Curiosity é o nome da equipe da Nasa responsável pelo último veículo-robô enviado para explorar o
planeta Marte.
II. Sojourner, uma sonda menor e mais simples que as atuais, provou que era possível explorar o
planeta Marte.
III. Curiosity tem, entre seus objetivos, pesquisar se já houve ambiente capaz de abrigar vida
microbiana em Marte.
IV. Opportunity ainda continua explorando Marte, mesmo após ter comprovado que já houve grande
quantidade de água nesse planeta.
V. Spirit e Opportunity foram enviadas a Marte para pesquisar a existência de água e analisar rochas,
mas tal missão não obteve êxito.
Estão corretas apenas
a) I e II.
b) II, III e IV.
c) II, IV e V.
d) IV e V.
e) II e V.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
I. Incorreta. Curiosity é o nome do novo veículo de pesquisa de solo marciano da Nasa, e não o nome
da equipe da Nasa responsável pelo último veículo-robô enviado para explorar o planeta Marte.
II. Correta. Como lemos no texto, Sojourner, uma sonda menor e mais simples que as atuais, provou
que era possível explorar o planeta Marte.
III. Correta. Curiosity tem, entre seus objetivos, pesquisar se já houve ambiente capaz de abrigar vida
microbiana em Marte.
IV. Correta. É possível confirmar pelo texto que Opportunity continua explorando Marte, mesmo após
ter comprovado que já houve grande quantidade de água nesse planeta.
V. Incorreta. Segundo o texto, Spirit e Opportunity foram enviadas a Marte para pesquisar a
existência de água e analisar rochas e conseguiram, sim, confirmar evidências de que já tenha havido
grandes quantidades de água no planeta em questão.
Questão 20
ROVERS ON MARS
Curiosity is the latest and by far the largest of four Nasa rovers. In 1997 Sojourner, the smallest and
simplest, proved that Mars roving was possible. Spirit and Opportunity analyzed rocks, confirming
evidence from orbiters that large amounts of water had once been present on Mars. (Opportunity is
still roving after nine years and 22 miles.) Curiosity can drill into rocks and scoop the powder into an
onboard chemical lab. It’s looking not just for water but also for ancient environments where microbes
could have lived. "We are not searching for life itself; that would take instruments even more
advanced than Curiosity’s. Its job is to help us figure out where a future mission should look for life",
says John Grotzinger, Caltech geologist and chief scientist for the Curiosity mission.
GROTZINGER, John. Field trip on Mars. National Geographic, vol. 224, n. 1, jul. 2013. Adapted.
No trecho "Curiosity is the latest and by far the largest of four Nasa rovers", existe uma ideia de
a) causa para os acontecimentos narrados.
b) condição para alguns procedimentos.
c) oposição aos meios de pesquisa citados.
d) comparação com outros instrumentos.
e) explicação para os fatos.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
No trecho "Curiosity is the latest and by far the largest of four Nasa rovers" ("Curiosity é a mais
recente e, de longe, a maior das quatro sondas da Nasa"), existe uma ideia de comparação com
outros instrumentos de exploração espacial da Nasa, os quais, depreende-se do trecho, teriam sido
anteriores e comparativamente menores.of royalties
from oil revenues that go to states and
80 municipalities. This would include both past
and future oil developments.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 3 abr. 2010. (Adaptado.)
De acordo com o texto, responda à questão.
O valor de 4,3 bilhões de dólares refere-se aos royalties do petróleo que:
a. serão divididos com todos os Estados brasileiros.
b. estão previstos para a realização de investimentos em infraestrutura previstos na Lei.
c. a cidade do Rio de Janeiro deixará de receber.
d. o estado do Rio de Janeiro perderá, caso a Lei seja aprovada pelo Congresso Nacional.
e. a multa que a Petrobrás terá de pagar ao Estado do Rio de Janeiro, tão logo a Lei seja aprovada
pelo Congresso Nacional. 
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a D. Como lemos nas linhas 10 a 15, 4,3 bilhões de dólares correspondem aos
royalties que o Rio de Janeiro perderá, caso a lei de que trata o texto seja aprovada ("If the bill
becomes law, it would deny the state of Rio and other oil-producing states billions of dollars in
expected royalties. Rio’s annual oil revenue would fall to about $134 million from about $4.3 billion").
Questão 3
RIO DE JANEIRO IS IN FIGHT OVER BRAZIL’S OIL RICHES
1 The lower house of Congress voted last
week to share the portion of the country’s
royalties from oil revenues that go to
Brazil’s states equally among the states.
5 The vote, part of a broad overhaul of the
nation’s oil laws being undertaken in the
wake of big offshore discoveries over the
last three years, was a shocking blow to the
state government of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s
10 biggest oil-producing region. If the bill
becomes law, it would deny the state of Rio
and other oil-producing states billions of
dollars in expected royalties. Rio’s annual
oil revenue would fall to about $134 million
15 from about $4.3 billion, state officials said.
But Rio’s governor, Sérgio Cabral, is
fighting back, calling the vote in Congress a
“lynching” and contending that it was
unconstitutional. He said promised public
20 works projects for the 2014 soccer World
Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Rio could be
imperiled by a sudden drop in revenues,
although the federal government has
pledged to back Rio’s Olympic effort. Mr.
25 Cabral, an ally of President Luiz Inácio Lula
da Silva, organized a large march through
Rio’s streets on Wednesday afternoon to
protest the move by Congress. Despite a
persistent rain, tens of thousands of people,
30 many of them state employees who had
been given the day off, showed up, with
many arriving on buses from all over the
state. “No one has the right to take away
that which nature has put within the limits of
35 Rio de Janeiro,” Carlos Lupi, Rio’s labor
minister, said in a speech at the march and
rally. Faced with the world’s most important
oil discovery in years, Brazil’s government
is seeking to alter the country’s oil laws to
40 centralize control over future oil revenues in
the federal government’s hands. The new
region, lying under about 20,000 feet of
water, salt and sand, is estimated to hold
more than five billion barrels of crude oil. If
45 recovered, it could transform Brazil into a
global oil power.
While the bulk of the oil is not expected to
flow for at least four years, Mr. da Silva and
his allies in Congress are pushing to get a
50 series of four oil-related laws passed before
Congress goes into recess in June or July.
The bills would seek to make the Brazilian
national oil company, Petrobras, the
operator of all future oil discoveries from the
55 new region, known as the presalt region.
They would also include a mammoth
capitalization of Petrobras, a stock issuance
expected to be valued at more than $50
billion, said Christopher Garman, an analyst
60 with the Eurasia Group, a risk consulting
firm in New York. With what could be
hundreds of billions of dollars at stake over
decades, the proposed bills have become
extremely contentious in Congress, where
65 opposition politicians are seeking to stall a
full vote on the bills until after the
presidential election in October. “What Lula
wants to avoid is that this huge fight over
distribution of royalty taxes gets in the way
70 of approving the proposal for oil reform,”
Mr. Garman said. “That is the risk for the
government.” The proposals on oil reform
and the issuance of stock in Petrobras
came under a cloud last week when two
75 members of Congress from states that do
not produce oil, Ibsen Pinheiro and
Humberto Souto, proposed the idea of
equally distributing the portion of royalties
from oil revenues that go to states and
80 municipalities. This would include both past
and future oil developments.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 3 abr. 2010. (Adaptado.)
De acordo com o texto, responda à questão.
Sérgio Cabral, governador do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, emprega a palavra lynching (? 18), para dizer
que a Lei:
a. poderia desencadear atos de violência entre a população da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
b. acirraria uma guerra fiscal entre os Estados brasileiros e aumentaria a corrupção nos Estados do
Brasil.
c. seria uma violência contra o Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
d. prejudicaria o projeto de pacificação das favelas cariocas.
e. poderia aumentar os índices de violência entre as facções criminosas dos morros cariocas. 
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a C. Ao empregar a palavra "lynching" ("linchamento", na linha 18), o
governador Sérgio Cabral fazia alusão à Lei proposta sobre os royalties como sendo uma violência
contra o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, posto que projetos como os da Copa do Mundo de 2014 e das
Olimpíadas de 2016 seriam ameaçados por uma súbita queda da receita. 
Questão 4
RIO DE JANEIRO IS IN FIGHT OVER BRAZIL’S OIL RICHES
1 The lower house of Congress voted last
week to share the portion of the country’s
royalties from oil revenues that go to
Brazil’s states equally among the states.
5 The vote, part of a broad overhaul of the
nation’s oil laws being undertaken in the
wake of big offshore discoveries over the
last three years, was a shocking blow to the
state government of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s
10 biggest oil-producing region. If the bill
becomes law, it would deny the state of Rio
and other oil-producing states billions of
dollars in expected royalties. Rio’s annual
oil revenue would fall to about $134 million
15 from about $4.3 billion, state officials said.
But Rio’s governor, Sérgio Cabral, is
fighting back, calling the vote in Congress a
“lynching” and contending that it was
unconstitutional. He said promised public
20 works projects for the 2014 soccer World
Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Rio could be
imperiled by a sudden drop in revenues,
although the federal government has
pledged to back Rio’s Olympic effort. Mr.
25 Cabral, an ally of President Luiz Inácio Lula
da Silva, organized a large march through
Rio’s streets on Wednesday afternoon to
protest the move by Congress. Despite a
persistent rain, tens of thousands of people,
30 many of them state employees who had
been given the day off, showed up, with
many arriving on buses from all over the
state. “No one has the right to take away
that which nature has put within the limits of
35 Rio de Janeiro,” Carlos Lupi, Rio’s labor
minister, said in a speech at the march and
rally. Faced with the world’s most important
oil discovery in years, Brazil’s government
is seeking to alter the country’s oil laws to
40 centralize control over future oil revenues in
the federal government’s hands. The new
region, lying under about 20,000 feet of
water, salt and sand, is estimated to hold
more than five billion barrels of crude oil. If
45 recovered, it could transform Brazil into a
global oil power.
While the bulk of the oil is not expected to
flow for at least four years, Mr. da Silva and
his allies in Congress are pushing to get a
50 series of four oil-related laws passed before
Congress goes into recess in June or July.The bills would seek to make the Brazilian
national oil company, Petrobras, the
operator of all future oil discoveries from the
55 new region, known as the presalt region.
They would also include a mammoth
capitalization of Petrobras, a stock issuance
expected to be valued at more than $50
billion, said Christopher Garman, an analyst
60 with the Eurasia Group, a risk consulting
firm in New York. With what could be
hundreds of billions of dollars at stake over
decades, the proposed bills have become
extremely contentious in Congress, where
65 opposition politicians are seeking to stall a
full vote on the bills until after the
presidential election in October. “What Lula
wants to avoid is that this huge fight over
distribution of royalty taxes gets in the way
70 of approving the proposal for oil reform,”
Mr. Garman said. “That is the risk for the
government.” The proposals on oil reform
and the issuance of stock in Petrobras
came under a cloud last week when two
75 members of Congress from states that do
not produce oil, Ibsen Pinheiro and
Humberto Souto, proposed the idea of
equally distributing the portion of royalties
from oil revenues that go to states and
80 municipalities. This would include both past
and future oil developments.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 3 abr. 2010. (Adaptado.) 
De acordo com o texto, responda à questão.
Considere as afirmações abaixo.
I. Para Sérgio Cabral, a divisão dos royalties do petróleo entre os Estados brasileiros poderia
comprometer a realização das
obras necessárias para que o Rio de Janeiro realize a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e as Olimpíadas em
2016.
II. O presidente do Brasil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, é um aliado político do governador do Rio de
Janeiro.
III. A passeata para protestar contra a Lei foi realizada nas ruas da cidade do Rio, em uma terça-feira
chuvosa.
IV. As milhares de pessoas presentes na passeata provocaram um grande congestionamento na
cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
V. A Lei proposta por Ibsen Pinheiro e Humberto Souto tem efeito retroativo, ou seja, incidirá sobre os
contratos firmados no passado.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
a. V – F – V – F – V
b. V – V – F – F – V
c. V – F – F – F – V
d. F – V – F – F – V
e. V – V – F – V – F
 
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a B. A afirmativa I pode ser comprovada pela leitura das linhas 19 a 24, onde
lemos sobre a ameaça que a Lei impõe para os projetos citados.
A afirmativa II também é verdadeira, como podemos ver nas linhas 24 e 25, nas quais Cabral é
descrito como "ally" ("aliado") do presidente Lula.
A afirmativa III é falsa, pois a passeata em questão foi realizada em uma quarta-feira ("Wednesday"),
como lemos na linha 27.
A afirmativa IV é falsa, pois não temos informação no texto que dê suporte a ela.
Finalmente, a afirmativa V é verdadeira porque, como lemos nas duas últimas linhas do texto, a lei
proposta por Pinheiro e Souto incidiria tanto em produções passadas quanto futuras de petróleo
("This would include both past and future oil developments"), o que inclui um efeito retroativo.
Questão 5
RIO DE JANEIRO IS IN FIGHT OVER BRAZIL’S OIL RICHES
1 The lower house of Congress voted last
week to share the portion of the country’s
royalties from oil revenues that go to
Brazil’s states equally among the states.
5 The vote, part of a broad overhaul of the
nation’s oil laws being undertaken in the
wake of big offshore discoveries over the
last three years, was a shocking blow to the
state government of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s
10 biggest oil-producing region. If the bill
becomes law, it would deny the state of Rio
and other oil-producing states billions of
dollars in expected royalties. Rio’s annual
oil revenue would fall to about $134 million
15 from about $4.3 billion, state officials said.
But Rio’s governor, Sérgio Cabral, is
fighting back, calling the vote in Congress a
“lynching” and contending that it was
unconstitutional. He said promised public
20 works projects for the 2014 soccer World
Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Rio could be
imperiled by a sudden drop in revenues,
although the federal government has
pledged to back Rio’s Olympic effort. Mr.
25 Cabral, an ally of President Luiz Inácio Lula
da Silva, organized a large march through
Rio’s streets on Wednesday afternoon to
protest the move by Congress. Despite a
persistent rain, tens of thousands of people,
30 many of them state employees who had
been given the day off, showed up, with
many arriving on buses from all over the
state. “No one has the right to take away
that which nature has put within the limits of
35 Rio de Janeiro,” Carlos Lupi, Rio’s labor
minister, said in a speech at the march and
rally. Faced with the world’s most important
oil discovery in years, Brazil’s government
is seeking to alter the country’s oil laws to
40 centralize control over future oil revenues in
the federal government’s hands. The new
region, lying under about 20,000 feet of
water, salt and sand, is estimated to hold
more than five billion barrels of crude oil. If
45 recovered, it could transform Brazil into a
global oil power.
While the bulk of the oil is not expected to
flow for at least four years, Mr. da Silva and
his allies in Congress are pushing to get a
50 series of four oil-related laws passed before
Congress goes into recess in June or July.
The bills would seek to make the Brazilian
national oil company, Petrobras, the
operator of all future oil discoveries from the
55 new region, known as the presalt region.
They would also include a mammoth
capitalization of Petrobras, a stock issuance
expected to be valued at more than $50
billion, said Christopher Garman, an analyst
60 with the Eurasia Group, a risk consulting
firm in New York. With what could be
hundreds of billions of dollars at stake over
decades, the proposed bills have become
extremely contentious in Congress, where
65 opposition politicians are seeking to stall a
full vote on the bills until after the
presidential election in October. “What Lula
wants to avoid is that this huge fight over
distribution of royalty taxes gets in the way
70 of approving the proposal for oil reform,”
Mr. Garman said. “That is the risk for the
government.” The proposals on oil reform
and the issuance of stock in Petrobras
came under a cloud last week when two
75 members of Congress from states that do
not produce oil, Ibsen Pinheiro and
Humberto Souto, proposed the idea of
equally distributing the portion of royalties
from oil revenues that go to states and
80 municipalities. This would include both past
and future oil developments.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 3 abr. 2010. (Adaptado.)
De acordo com o texto, responda à questão.
O Pré-sal, como é conhecida a reserva de petróleo descoberta pela Petrobrás, é uma das mais
importantes descobertas do mundo.
Essa reserva encontra-se embaixo de:
a. água, sal e areia e estima-se que tenha mais de cinco bilhões de barris de petróleo bruto.
b. água, sal e areia e estima-se que tenha mais de cinquenta bilhões de barris de petróleo bruto.
c. água, sal e areia e está avaliada em cinco bilhões de dólares.
d. água, sal e areia e estima-se que a reserva poderá produzir cinco milhões de barris de petróleo
bruto por dia.
e. água, sal, pedra, areia e corais e estima-se que a reserva poderá produzir até 50 milhões de barris
de petróleo bruto por ano.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a A. Como podemos ler nas linhas 41 a 44, a nova reserva descoberta,
conhecida como Pré-sal, se situa a 20.000 pés de profundidade, debaixo de água, sal e areia, e
estima-se que ela contenha mais de cinco bilhões de barris de petróleo bruto ("The new region, lying
under about 20,000 feet of water, salt and sand, is estimated to hold more than five billion barrels of
crude oil").
Questão 6
RIO DE JANEIRO IS IN FIGHT OVER BRAZIL’S OIL RICHES
1 The lower house of Congress voted last
week to share the portionof the country’s
royalties from oil revenues that go to
Brazil’s states equally among the states.
5 The vote, part of a broad overhaul of the
nation’s oil laws being undertaken in the
wake of big offshore discoveries over the
last three years, was a shocking blow to the
state government of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s
10 biggest oil-producing region. If the bill
becomes law, it would deny the state of Rio
and other oil-producing states billions of
dollars in expected royalties. Rio’s annual
oil revenue would fall to about $134 million
15 from about $4.3 billion, state officials said.
But Rio’s governor, Sérgio Cabral, is
fighting back, calling the vote in Congress a
“lynching” and contending that it was
unconstitutional. He said promised public
20 works projects for the 2014 soccer World
Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Rio could be
imperiled by a sudden drop in revenues,
although the federal government has
pledged to back Rio’s Olympic effort. Mr.
25 Cabral, an ally of President Luiz Inácio Lula
da Silva, organized a large march through
Rio’s streets on Wednesday afternoon to
protest the move by Congress. Despite a
persistent rain, tens of thousands of people,
30 many of them state employees who had
been given the day off, showed up, with
many arriving on buses from all over the
state. “No one has the right to take away
that which nature has put within the limits of
35 Rio de Janeiro,” Carlos Lupi, Rio’s labor
minister, said in a speech at the march and
rally. Faced with the world’s most important
oil discovery in years, Brazil’s government
is seeking to alter the country’s oil laws to
40 centralize control over future oil revenues in
the federal government’s hands. The new
region, lying under about 20,000 feet of
water, salt and sand, is estimated to hold
more than five billion barrels of crude oil. If
45 recovered, it could transform Brazil into a
global oil power.
While the bulk of the oil is not expected to
flow for at least four years, Mr. da Silva and
his allies in Congress are pushing to get a
50 series of four oil-related laws passed before
Congress goes into recess in June or July.
The bills would seek to make the Brazilian
national oil company, Petrobras, the
operator of all future oil discoveries from the
55 new region, known as the presalt region.
They would also include a mammoth
capitalization of Petrobras, a stock issuance
expected to be valued at more than $50
billion, said Christopher Garman, an analyst
60 with the Eurasia Group, a risk consulting
firm in New York. With what could be
hundreds of billions of dollars at stake over
decades, the proposed bills have become
extremely contentious in Congress, where
65 opposition politicians are seeking to stall a
full vote on the bills until after the
presidential election in October. “What Lula
wants to avoid is that this huge fight over
distribution of royalty taxes gets in the way
70 of approving the proposal for oil reform,”
Mr. Garman said. “That is the risk for the
government.” The proposals on oil reform
and the issuance of stock in Petrobras
came under a cloud last week when two
75 members of Congress from states that do
not produce oil, Ibsen Pinheiro and
Humberto Souto, proposed the idea of
equally distributing the portion of royalties
from oil revenues that go to states and
80 municipalities. This would include both past
and future oil developments.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 3 abr. 2010. (Adaptado.)
De acordo com o texto, responda à questão.
A frase dita por Carlos Lupi, ministro do Trabalho, No one has the right to take away that which nature
has put within the limits of Rio de Janeiro (? 33 a 35), pode ser traduzida por:
a. “Ninguém tem o direito de tirar aquilo que a natureza colocou dentro dos limites do Rio de Janeiro”.
b. “A natureza privilegiou o Rio de Janeiro e paciência tem limite”.
c. “Apesar de tudo, o Rio de Janeiro continua lindo e isso, ninguém pode negar”.
d. “Ninguém pode entrar nos limites do Rio de Janeiro sem a permissão do governo carioca”.
e. “Ninguém tem o direito de limitar o que o Estado do Rio de Janeiro pode ou não fazer”. 
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a A, pois é a que fornece a melhor alternativa de tradução para a sentença em
questão, mantendo em português a mesma estrutura sintática e semântica da sentença em inglês.
Questão 7
RESTORATION DRAMA
1
 
 
 
 
The doormen outside the headquarters of Shanghai's Municipal
Education Commission have a new colleague these days. On Friday
evenings and Saturday mornings they are joined by a young
Mandarin-speaking Israeli, who keeps an eye on comings and goings.
The ivy-covered compound, built in the 1920s, is also the home of
Ohel RacheI, one of Shanghai's last surviving synagogues. This month,
for the first time in almost 60 years, it reopened for regular Sabbath
services.
2
 
 
 
 
 
That Ohel RacheI was reopened, even though Judaism is not one of
China's five officially recognised religions, is one of a number of signs
that Shanghai may be coming to terms with its past. After the
Communist revolution in 1949, much of the city's history was swept
under the carpet, and its grand old buildings put to new uses. Some of
these buildings had been designated for protection in recent decades,
but the heritage signs posted on them typically give little detail about
their previous significance.
3
 
 
 
 
 
Ohel RacheI was neglected for decades. Even now, the 2,000-strong
Jewish community has been promised regular access only until
October, when the Shanghai World Expo ends. But Rabbi Shalom
Greenberg, who led the campaign for its reopening, says that the
city's authorities have indicated unofficially that it will be hard to
reverse the decision. He believes that Shanghai’s economic revival
has made officials more confident in treating its complex history, and
able "to use the past to benefit the future–even if the past was not so
much to their liking."
4
 
 
Shanghai's small Russian Orthodox community has also, for the first
time, received permission to use one of the prewar churches built by
White Russians. Shanghai's former British cathedral, the Holy Trinity,
has been painstakingly renovated by China's official Protestant
church.
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
At the north end of the Bund, Shanghai's famous waterfront, the area
around the original British consulate has been renovated. Even the
buildings' original names, such as the Baptist Publication Society
Building and the former headquarters of Britain's Royal Asiatic
Society, have been reinstated. "This is nothing to do with politics,"
says Zhou Wei, governor of the district which includes the Bund. "This
is about history and culture. This area is the root of the development
of modern Shanghai." Mr Zhou says that Shanghai is treating the
protection of its distinctive history and culture with new seriousness.
6
 
 
 
Around the city, a number of signs detailing long-forgotten street
names have been erected. The Shanghai Corporate Pavilion at the
World Expo, funded by local state enterprises, commissioned a
Pulitzer-prize-winning photographer, Liu Heung Shing, to compile a
book of images of Shanghai's history, giving him unprecedented
access to the city's archives.
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yet this more relaxed attitude towards history does not always beget
more vigorous preservation. In some areas of the city, demolition
continues. The demand for new infrastructure, or simply property, can
be more than enough to trump the appeal of conservation. Parts of
the wartime Jewish "ghetto" area in Hongkou district, for instance,
were recently knocked down. Parts of the past itself are still off limits
too. In Mr Liu's book, a number of historical moments are notably
absent, such as the student protests in Shanghai in 1989. Some
history is still too hard to face.
The Economist – May 29th – June 4th 2010
According to the information in the article, Ohel Rachel most likely
A must let Chinese citizens enter its premises as acondition for being allowed to conduct regular
Sabbath services.
B recently moved to its new headquarters in a building at Shanghai’s Municipal Education
Commission compound.
C is the oldest synagogue in Shanghai.
D is the only Orthodox Jewish synagogue allowed to conduct regular Sabbath services in Shanghai.
E was not used as a place for regular Sabbath services for more than half of its existence.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
Como lemos no texto, publicado em junho de 2010, a sinagoga Ohel Rachel estaria sendo aberta para
cerimônias de Sabath pela primeira vez em quase 60 anos, depois de ter seu
funcionamento interrompido na época da Revolução Comunista, em 1949. Levando em conta a
informação que temos no primeiro parágrafo, de que o prédio da sinagoga teria sido construído nos
idos de 1920, temos que, por sessenta dos aproximadamente noventa anos de existência da
sinagoga, o espaço não fora utilizado para os ritos judaicos – ou seja, por mais de metade de sua
existência.
Questão 8
RESTORATION DRAMA
1
 
 
 
 
The doormen outside the headquarters of Shanghai's Municipal
Education Commission have a new colleague these days. On Friday
evenings and Saturday mornings they are joined by a young
Mandarin-speaking Israeli, who keeps an eye on comings and goings.
The ivy-covered compound, built in the 1920s, is also the home of
Ohel RacheI, one of Shanghai's last surviving synagogues. This month,
for the first time in almost 60 years, it reopened for regular Sabbath
services.
2
 
 
 
 
 
That Ohel RacheI was reopened, even though Judaism is not one of
China's five officially recognised religions, is one of a number of signs
that Shanghai may be coming to terms with its past. After the
Communist revolution in 1949, much of the city's history was swept
under the carpet, and its grand old buildings put to new uses. Some of
these buildings had been designated for protection in recent decades,
but the heritage signs posted on them typically give little detail about
their previous significance.
3
 
 
 
 
 
Ohel RacheI was neglected for decades. Even now, the 2,000-strong
Jewish community has been promised regular access only until
October, when the Shanghai World Expo ends. But Rabbi Shalom
Greenberg, who led the campaign for its reopening, says that the
city's authorities have indicated unofficially that it will be hard to
reverse the decision. He believes that Shanghai’s economic revival
has made officials more confident in treating its complex history, and
able "to use the past to benefit the future–even if the past was not so
much to their liking."
4
 
 
Shanghai's small Russian Orthodox community has also, for the first
time, received permission to use one of the prewar churches built by
White Russians. Shanghai's former British cathedral, the Holy Trinity,
has been painstakingly renovated by China's official Protestant
church.
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
At the north end of the Bund, Shanghai's famous waterfront, the area
around the original British consulate has been renovated. Even the
buildings' original names, such as the Baptist Publication Society
Building and the former headquarters of Britain's Royal Asiatic
Society, have been reinstated. "This is nothing to do with politics,"
says Zhou Wei, governor of the district which includes the Bund. "This
is about history and culture. This area is the root of the development
of modern Shanghai." Mr Zhou says that Shanghai is treating the
protection of its distinctive history and culture with new seriousness.
6
 
 
 
Around the city, a number of signs detailing long-forgotten street
names have been erected. The Shanghai Corporate Pavilion at the
World Expo, funded by local state enterprises, commissioned a
Pulitzer-prize-winning photographer, Liu Heung Shing, to compile a
book of images of Shanghai's history, giving him unprecedented
access to the city's archives.
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yet this more relaxed attitude towards history does not always beget
more vigorous preservation. In some areas of the city, demolition
continues. The demand for new infrastructure, or simply property, can
be more than enough to trump the appeal of conservation. Parts of
the wartime Jewish "ghetto" area in Hongkou district, for instance,
were recently knocked down. Parts of the past itself are still off limits
too. In Mr Liu's book, a number of historical moments are notably
absent, such as the student protests in Shanghai in 1989. Some
history is still too hard to face.
The Economist – May 29th – June 4th 2010
In paragraph 5, “This” in the statement “This is nothing to do with politics” most likely refers to the
A Shanghai government’s new religious and cultural tolerance.
B Shanghai government’s greater confidence, which is a consequence of the city’s economic revival.
C Shanghai government’s decision to reopen Ohel Rachel for regular Sabbath services.
D restoration of a section of the north end of Shanghai’s Bund.
E controversy surrounding the renovation of Shanghai’s old British consulate, along with many
neighboring buildings.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
Para acertar esta questão de referência, o candidato deveria ser capaz de identificar que "This", no
segmento aludido, corresponde à renovação ("restoration", "renovation") do final da área norte do
dique de Xangai. Seria importante não confudir D e E. A alternativa E afirma que "This"
corresponderia à controvérsia gerada pela obra. Tal controvérsia pode ser apreendida no texto, mas
não é a exata referência de "This".
Questão 9
RESTORATION DRAMA
1
 
 
 
 
The doormen outside the headquarters of Shanghai's Municipal
Education Commission have a new colleague these days. On Friday
evenings and Saturday mornings they are joined by a young
Mandarin-speaking Israeli, who keeps an eye on comings and goings.
The ivy-covered compound, built in the 1920s, is also the home of
Ohel RacheI, one of Shanghai's last surviving synagogues. This month,
for the first time in almost 60 years, it reopened for regular Sabbath
services.
2
 
 
 
 
 
That Ohel RacheI was reopened, even though Judaism is not one of
China's five officially recognised religions, is one of a number of signs
that Shanghai may be coming to terms with its past. After the
Communist revolution in 1949, much of the city's history was swept
under the carpet, and its grand old buildings put to new uses. Some of
these buildings had been designated for protection in recent decades,
but the heritage signs posted on them typically give little detail about
their previous significance.
3
 
 
 
 
 
Ohel RacheI was neglected for decades. Even now, the 2,000-strong
Jewish community has been promised regular access only until
October, when the Shanghai World Expo ends. But Rabbi Shalom
Greenberg, who led the campaign for its reopening, says that the
city's authorities have indicated unofficially that it will be hard to
reverse the decision. He believes that Shanghai’s economic revival
has made officials more confident in treating its complex history, and
able "to use the past to benefit the future–even if the past was not so
much to their liking."
4
 
 
Shanghai's small Russian Orthodox community has also, for the first
time, received permission to use one of the prewar churches built by
White Russians. Shanghai's former British cathedral, the Holy Trinity,
has been painstakingly renovated by China's official Protestant
church.
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
At the north end of the Bund, Shanghai's famous waterfront, the area
around the original British consulate has been renovated. Even the
buildings' original names, such as the Baptist Publication Society
Building and the former headquarters of Britain's Royal Asiatic
Society, have been reinstated. "This is nothing to do with politics,"
says Zhou Wei, governor of the district which includes the Bund. "This
is about history and culture. This area is the root of the development
of modern Shanghai." Mr Zhou says that Shanghai is treating the
protection of its distinctive history and culture with new seriousness.
6
 
 
 
Aroundthe city, a number of signs detailing long-forgotten street
names have been erected. The Shanghai Corporate Pavilion at the
World Expo, funded by local state enterprises, commissioned a
Pulitzer-prize-winning photographer, Liu Heung Shing, to compile a
book of images of Shanghai's history, giving him unprecedented
access to the city's archives.
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yet this more relaxed attitude towards history does not always beget
more vigorous preservation. In some areas of the city, demolition
continues. The demand for new infrastructure, or simply property, can
be more than enough to trump the appeal of conservation. Parts of
the wartime Jewish "ghetto" area in Hongkou district, for instance,
were recently knocked down. Parts of the past itself are still off limits
too. In Mr Liu's book, a number of historical moments are notably
absent, such as the student protests in Shanghai in 1989. Some
history is still too hard to face.
The Economist – May 29th – June 4th 2010
With respect to Shanghai’s history, which of the following is not supported by the information in the
article?
A At the moment, Ohel Rachel is one of a small group of Shanghai synagogues that are still in
operation.
B After the Communist revolution in 1949, Shanghai was too poor to study and preserve its
architectural and religious history.
C After the Communist revolution of 1949, Shanghai deliberately ignored some important aspects of
its multi-cultural, multi-religious history.
D One Jewish leader thinks that Shanghai officials find certain aspects of their city’s history
disagreeable.
E Religious discrimination in Shanghai was directed not only at the city’s Jewish community, but also
at other groups.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
Como lemos já no primeiro parágrafo, Ohel Rachel é uma das últimas sinagogas de Xangai, e estaria
agora em funcionamento. C é correta pois lemos no segundo parágrafo que "Após a revolução
comunista em 1949, grande parte da história da cidade foi varrida para debaixo do tapete". D é
correta porque lemos no terceiro parágrafo que o líder judaico Shalom Greenberg declarou que os
oficiais de Xangai pareciam estar tirando proveito do passado em benefício do presente, ainda que
aspectos desse passado não fossem sempre agradáveis. E é correta porque a partir do quarto
parágrafo lemos sobre outros grupos (como a igreja ortodoxa russa e a anglicana) que teriam sofrido
discriminação por parte dos oficiais de Xangai.
Questão 10
Rule the Earth for 200 Years
The strategy game, “Fate of the World”, allows players to make decisions that could save the world or
destroy it.
 
 
 
 
05
 
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
 
25
 
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
Computer gamers who like a challenge can now take on
one of the toughest around: saving the entire planet, this
time from climate change. Billed as a strategy game with
a social conscience, “Fate of the World” sees players try
to protect the world’s climate and resources while
managing a growing population demanding more power,
food and living space. “‘Fate of the World’ is a scenario-based
game where you run Earth for 200 years and you
save it or potentially destroy it. The whole power is in
your hands,” said the game’s British inventor Gobion
Rowlands. The player takes charge as head of the fictional
Global Environment Organization (GEO). They can impose
policies such as banning logging in the Amazon rainforest,
making all Europe’s public transport run on electricity or
slapping a one-child policy on the whole of Asia. However, such power comes with grave
consequences. If, for example,
you decide to bring down the birth rate to protect natural resources, the workforce could plunge
and people could be
forced to work until 80, triggering unrest against the GEO. Gamers see the impact of their
decisions: orangutans are
saved from extinction, global temperatures drop by a degree; however, bad moves could see
Europe battered by
floods, or Africa ravaged by war. “Even if they choose to destroy the world, they still learn more
about the subject,” said
Rowlands, the 35-year-old head of video games developer Red Redemption, which employs 15
people at its base in
Oxford, southern England. The game was based on scientific, economic and demographic data
from sources such as
NASA, the United Nations and Oxford University. “Fate of the World” was developed in
partnership with academics
working under Oxford University climate change expert Doctor Myles Allen. The game “allows
people to experience
the decisions we are likely to confront and makes clear there are no easy answers”, Allen said.
“Fate of the World” is
a sequel to Red Redemption’s 2007 “Climate Challenge” game produced by the BBC, which
focused only on Europe.
Despite its straightforward graphics, the game has been welcomed by environmental and
development groups, which
were on board throughout the process. “This game offers a new way of telling the climate
change story and helps us
to reach new audiences,” said Ged Barker, the British digital campaigns leader for the Oxfam
aid agency. “Those who
play the game will learn about climate change... without having to read lots of material that
they might find boring.” The
collaboration between Red Redemption, which is on its fifth computer game, and non-
governmental organizations
could go further. Rowlands is trying to negotiate a deal whereby a share of the profits go to
their coffers. A taster version
is available to download now. The full version will cost 20 pounds when it is released in
February. The French, Spanish
and German versions come out in March.
By Beatrice Debut, from: .
Responda em inglês.
Based on the text, how can one best define “Fate of the World”? Make sure you use at least two of its
main features in your definition.
Gabarito:
(Resolução oficial)
- “Fate of the World” is a scenario-based game;
- The gamer (or the player) runs the Earth for 200 years;
- It is a game intended to protect the world’s climate and resources while managing a growing
population demanding more power, food and living space;
- Developed in partnership with academics working under Oxford University climate change expert
Doctor Mylles Allen, “Fate of the World” is a game that allows people to experience the decisions that
they are likely to confront, making clear that there are no easy answers;
- “Fate of the World” is a sequel to Red Redemption’s 2007 “Climate Challenge” game produced by
the BBC;
- It is a game that offers a new way of telling the climate change story;
- It also helps reach new audiences;
- It is a game through which you can save the planet;
- It is a game through which you can destroy the planet;
- It is a game about the environment;
- It is a game about our planet;
- It is a game with social conscience;
- It is a strategy game.
OU
- Cópia do subtítulo do texto.
OU
- Cópia das linhas 7 a 9 do texto.
OU
Respostas contendo a definição exigida pela questão com no mínimo duas das características
elencadas no texto, com até dois erros léxicos e gramaticais que não interferiram no sentido.
OU
Respostas contendo a definição exigida pela questão com no mínimo duas características elencadas
no texto, com erros léxico-gramaticais e/ou informações irrelevantes que não interferiram no sentido.
OU
Respostas contendo a definição exigida pela questão com no mínimo duas características elencadas
no texto; ou respostas contendo duas das características elencadas no texto com erros léxicos e
gramaticais com comprometimento do sentido.
OU
Respostas contendo a definição exigida pela questão com uma das características elencadas no
texto, com até dois erros léxicos e gramaticais e/ou com comprometimento do sentido.
OU
Qualquer outro texto escrito em língua inglesa, redigido com itens lexicais adequados ao tema e ao
contexto e com estrutura gramatical formal, nos parâmetros da língua culta padrão, que se sustente
nos argumentos apresentados pelo autor do texto.
Questão 11
Rule the Earth for 200 Years
The strategy game, “Fate of the World”, allowsplayers to make decisions that could save the world or
destroy it.
 
 
 
 
05
 
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
 
25
 
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
Computer gamers who like a challenge can now take on
one of the toughest around: saving the entire planet, this
time from climate change. Billed as a strategy game with
a social conscience, “Fate of the World” sees players try
to protect the world’s climate and resources while
managing a growing population demanding more power,
food and living space. “‘Fate of the World’ is a scenario-based
game where you run Earth for 200 years and you
save it or potentially destroy it. The whole power is in
your hands,” said the game’s British inventor Gobion
Rowlands. The player takes charge as head of the fictional
Global Environment Organization (GEO). They can impose
policies such as banning logging in the Amazon rainforest,
making all Europe’s public transport run on electricity or
slapping a one-child policy on the whole of Asia. However, such power comes with grave
consequences. If, for example,
you decide to bring down the birth rate to protect natural resources, the workforce could plunge
and people could be
forced to work until 80, triggering unrest against the GEO. Gamers see the impact of their
decisions: orangutans are
saved from extinction, global temperatures drop by a degree; however, bad moves could see
Europe battered by
floods, or Africa ravaged by war. “Even if they choose to destroy the world, they still learn more
about the subject,” said
Rowlands, the 35-year-old head of video games developer Red Redemption, which employs 15
people at its base in
Oxford, southern England. The game was based on scientific, economic and demographic data
from sources such as
NASA, the United Nations and Oxford University. “Fate of the World” was developed in partnership
with academics
working under Oxford University climate change expert Doctor Myles Allen. The game “allows
people to experience
the decisions we are likely to confront and makes clear there are no easy answers”, Allen said.
“Fate of the World” is
a sequel to Red Redemption’s 2007 “Climate Challenge” game produced by the BBC, which
focused only on Europe.
Despite its straightforward graphics, the game has been welcomed by environmental and
development groups, which
were on board throughout the process. “This game offers a new way of telling the climate change
story and helps us
to reach new audiences,” said Ged Barker, the British digital campaigns leader for the Oxfam aid
agency. “Those who
play the game will learn about climate change... without having to read lots of material that they
might find boring.” The
collaboration between Red Redemption, which is on its fifth computer game, and non-
governmental organizations
could go further. Rowlands is trying to negotiate a deal whereby a share of the profits go to their
coffers. A taster version
is available to download now. The full version will cost 20 pounds when it is released in February.
The French, Spanish
and German versions come out in March.
By Beatrice Debut, from: .
Responda em português.
“Climate Challenge” and “Fate of the World” have nothing in common.
According to the text you have just read, is the statement above right or wrong? Justify your answer
accordingly.
Gabarito:
(Resolução oficial)
Errado/falso/incorreto/equivocado.
E
“Climate Challenge” trata apenas do clima na Europa e “Fate of the World” contempla o clima no
mundo;
OU
São jogos sobre mudanças climáticas (que podem levar o jogador a tomar decisões com impactos
favoráveis ou não para o meio ambiente);
OU
Um jogo é a sequência ou continuação do outro;
OU
São produzidos pela mesma empresa;
OU
Errado/falso/incorreto/equivocado.
OU
“Climate Challenge” trata apenas do clima na Europa e “Fate of the World” contempla o clima no
mundo;
OU
São jogos sobre mudanças climáticas (que podem levar o jogador a tomar decisões com impactos
favoráveis ou não para o meio ambiente);
OU
Um jogo é a sequência ou continuação do outro;
OU
São produzidos pela mesma empresa;
OU
Qualquer outro texto escrito em língua portuguesa, redigido com itens lexicais adequados ao tema e
ao contexto e com estrutura gramatical formal, nos parâmetros da língua culta padrão, que se
sustente nos argumentos apresentados pelo autor do texto.
Questão 12
Roman documents discovered
We often think that the best information from the Roman world comes from Egypt, where the dryness
preserves papyri. However, in Britain the reverse conditions occur. At Vindolanda – a Roman fort
located two miles behind Hadrian’s Wall – the humidity preserved wooden writing tablets that were
thrown into a bonfire when the fort was evacuated in CE 105.
These wooden tablets were one of the most important discoveries made in Roman Britain in the 20th
century. They were used not for grand writings but for memoranda and accounts, so they provide the
best insight into life in the Roman army found anywhere in the world. One of the tablets says:
Octavius to Candidus: “I need money. I have bought 5,000 bushels of grain, and unless you send me
some money, I shall lose my deposit and be embarrassed”.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 28 ago. 2016. Adaptado.
Os documentos descobertos em Vindolanda
a) são papiros preservados pelo clima seco da região em que foram encontrados.
b) contêm informações sobre a evacuação do forte no ano 105 da Era Cristã.
c) preservam registros de disputas financeiras entre cidadãos comuns.
d) são registros em madeira, com informações preciosas sobre a vida no exército romano.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a D. Os documentos descobertos em Vindolanda são registros em madeira,
com informações precisas sobre a vida no exército romano. Essa informação pode ser confirmada no
segundo parágrafo do excerto, em que lemos “These wooden tablets were one of the most important
discoveries made in Roman Britain in the 20th century. They were used not for grand writings but for
memoranda and accounts, so they provide the best insight into life in the Roman army found
anywhere in the world” (“Essas tabuletas de madeira foram uma das descobertas mais importantes
feitas na Grã-Bretanha romana no século XX. Elas foram usadas não para grandes escritos, mas para
memorandos e contas e, assim, fornecem a melhor visão da vida no exército romano possível de ser
encontrada em qualquer lugar do mundo”).
Questão 13
Rising seas
As the planet warms, the sea rises. Coastlines flood. What will we protect? What will we abandon?
How will we face the danger of rising seas?
A seawall now protects Maale, capital of the Maldives, an Indian Ocean archipelago that is the lowest,
flattest country on Earth.
By the time hurricane Sandy veered toward the Northeast coast of the United States last October 29,
it had mauled several countries in the Caribbean and left dozens dead. Faced with the largest storm
ever spawned over the Atlantic, New York and other cities ordered mandatory evacuations of low-
lying areas. Not everyone complied. Those who chose to ride out Sandy got a preview of the future, in
which a warmer world will lead to inexorably rising seas.
A profoundly altered planet is what our fossil-fuel-driven civilization is creating, a planet where Sandy-
scale flooding will become more common and more destructive for the world's coastal cities. By
releasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, we have warmed the
Earth by more than a full degree Fahrenheit over the past century and raised sea level by about eight
inches. Even if we stopped burning all fossil fuels tomorrow, the existing greenhouse gases would
continue to warm the Earth for centuries. We have irreversibly committed future generations to a
hotter world and rising seas. […]
Global warming affects sea level in two ways. About a third of its current rise comes from thermal
expansion – from the fact that water grows in volume as it warms. Therest comes from the melting of
ice on land. So far it’s been mostly mountain glaciers, but the big concern for the future is the giant
ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Six years ago the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) issued a report predicting a maximum of 23 inches of sea-level rise by the end of this century.
[…] However, that report intentionally omitted the possibility that the ice sheets might flow more
rapidly into the sea, on the grounds that the physics of that process was poorly understood. But
climate scientists now estimate that Greenland and Antarctica combined have lost on average about
50 cubic miles of ice each year since 1992 – roughly 200 billion metric tons of ice annually. Many
think sea level will be at least three feet higher than today by 2100.
National Geographic. v. 224, n. 3, set. 2013. Adaptado.
Com base no texto, analise as afirmativas a seguir:
I. Cerca de um terço do aumento atual dos oceanos se deve à expansão térmica, ou seja, a água
aumenta de volume à medida que aquece.
II. Grande parte do aumento dos oceanos se deve ao derretimento das geleiras das montanhas, algo
que é menos preocupante em relação às futuras inundações.
III. Se nós parássemos de queimar todos os combustíveis fósseis amanhã, o problema do
aquecimento dos oceanos seria resolvido ainda neste século, sem riscos de catástrofes.
IV. Os cientistas do clima estimam que a Groenlândia e a Antártida juntas vêm perdendo grandes
quantidades de gelo em metros cúbicos, por ano, desde 1992.
V. O Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudança Climática emitiu um relatório no qual prevê, no
máximo, vinte e três polegadas de aumento do nível do mar até o final deste século.
Estão corretas
a) I, III e V.
b) I, IV e V.
c) I, II e III.
d) II, III e V.
e) III, IV e V.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
I. Correta. Segundo o texto, cerca de um terço do aumento atual dos oceanos se deve à expansão
térmica ("About a third of its current rise comes from thermal expansion"), ou seja, a água aumenta
de volume à medida que aquece.
II. Incorreta. O derretimento das geleiras polares, como a da Antártida, está entre as grandes
preocupações futuras relativas a inundações.
III. Incorreta. Segundo o texto, se nós parássemos de queimar todos os combustíveis fósseis amanhã,
o problema do aquecimento continuaria um risco, pois a ação dos gases estufa permaneceria por
séculos.
IV. Correta. Os cientistas do clima estimam que a Groenlândia e a Antártida juntas vêm perdendo
grandes quantidades de gelo em metros cúbicos, por ano, desde 1992.
V. Correta. O Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudança Climática emitiu um relatório no qual prevê,
no máximo, vinte e três polegadas de aumento do nível do mar até o final deste século ("[...] the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a report predicting a maximum of 23
inches of sea-level rise by the end of this century").
Questão 14
Rising seas
As the planet warms, the sea rises. Coastlines flood. What will we protect? What will we abandon?
How will we face the danger of rising seas?
A seawall now protects Maale, capital of the Maldives, an Indian Ocean archipelago that is the lowest,
flattest country on Earth.
By the time hurricane Sandy veered toward the Northeast coast of the United States last October 29,
it had mauled several countries in the Caribbean and left dozens dead. Faced with the largest storm
ever spawned over the Atlantic, New York and other cities ordered mandatory evacuations of low-
lying areas. Not everyone complied. Those who chose to ride out Sandy got a preview of the future, in
which a warmer world will lead to inexorably rising seas.
A profoundly altered planet is what our fossil-fuel-driven civilization is creating, a planet where Sandy-
scale flooding will become more common and more destructive for the world's coastal cities. By
releasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, we have warmed the
Earth by more than a full degree Fahrenheit over the past century and raised sea level by about eight
inches. Even if we stopped burning all fossil fuels tomorrow, the existing greenhouse gases would
continue to warm the Earth for centuries. We have irreversibly committed future generations to a
hotter world and rising seas. […]
Global warming affects sea level in two ways. About a third of its current rise comes from thermal
expansion – from the fact that water grows in volume as it warms. The rest comes from the melting of
ice on land. So far it’s been mostly mountain glaciers, but the big concern for the future is the giant
ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Six years ago the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) issued a report predicting a maximum of 23 inches of sea-level rise by the end of this century.
[…] However, that report intentionally omitted the possibility that the ice sheets might flow more
rapidly into the sea, on the grounds that the physics of that process was poorly understood. But
climate scientists now estimate that Greenland and Antarctica combined have lost on average about
50 cubic miles of ice each year since 1992 – roughly 200 billion metric tons of ice annually. Many
think sea level will be at least three feet higher than today by 2100.
National Geographic. v. 224, n. 3, set. 2013. Adaptado.
According to the text and context, "not everyone complied" (1st paragraph) can be translated into
Portuguese by the sentence:
a) Quase ninguém enfrentou.
b) Nem todo mundo obedeceu.
c) Ninguém teria discordado.
d) Nem todo mundo se afastou.
e) Nenhum indivíduo reclamou.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
No contexto em que aparece, a frase "not everyone complied" (1º parágrafo) pode ser traduzida em
português por "nem todo mundo obedeceu", aludindo à atitude de moradores que não acataram o
pedido de evacuação da área afetada pelo furacão Sandy.
Questão 15
Rising seas
As the planet warms, the sea rises. Coastlines flood. What will we protect? What will we abandon?
How will we face the danger of rising seas?
A seawall now protects Maale, capital of the Maldives, an Indian Ocean archipelago that is the lowest,
flattest country on Earth.
By the time hurricane Sandy veered toward the Northeast coast of the United States last October 29,
it had mauled several countries in the Caribbean and left dozens dead. Faced with the largest storm
ever spawned over the Atlantic, New York and other cities ordered mandatory evacuations of low-
lying areas. Not everyone complied. Those who chose to ride out Sandy got a preview of the future, in
which a warmer world will lead to inexorably rising seas.
A profoundly altered planet is what our fossil-fuel-driven civilization is creating, a planet where Sandy-
scale flooding will become more common and more destructive for the world's coastal cities. By
releasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, we have warmed the
Earth by more than a full degree Fahrenheit over the past century and raised sea level by about eight
inches. Even if we stopped burning all fossil fuels tomorrow, the existing greenhouse gases would
continue to warm the Earth for centuries. We have irreversibly committed future generations to a
hotter world and rising seas. […]
Global warming affects sea level in two ways. About a third of its current rise comes from thermal
expansion – from the fact that water grows in volume as it warms. The rest comes from the melting of
ice on land. So far it’s been mostly mountain glaciers, but the big concern for the future is the giant
ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Six years ago the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) issued a report predicting a maximum of 23 inches of sea-level rise by the end of this century.
[…] However, that report intentionally omitted the possibility that the ice sheets might flow more
rapidly into the sea, on the grounds that the physics of that process was poorly understood. But
climate scientists now estimate that Greenland and Antarctica combined have lost on average about50 cubic miles of ice each year since 1992 – roughly 200 billion metric tons of ice annually. Many
think sea level will be at least three feet higher than today by 2100.
National Geographic. v. 224, n. 3, set. 2013. Adaptado.
As palavras "generations", "scientists", "sheets" and "seas" obedecem à mesma regra de formação de
plural da língua inglesa. Outra regra de plural está presente numa das alternativas, enquadrando toda
a sequência de palavras. Assinale-a.
a) Century, country, many and way.
b) Gas, inch, dozen and process.
c) Country, century, city and possibility.
d) Fuel, ground, fossil and inch.
e) Ice, dozen, glacier and inch.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
As palavras "country", "century", "city" e "possibility" seguem todas a mesma regra de formação do
plural: a de substitução do -y por -ies. Assim, temos, respectivamente, as formas no plural destas
palavras como "countries" ("países"), "centuries" ("séculos"), "cities" ("cidades") e "possibilities"
("possibilidades").
Questão 16
Rising seas
As the planet warms, the sea rises. Coastlines flood. What will we protect? What will we abandon?
How will we face the danger of rising seas?
A seawall now protects Maale, capital of the Maldives, an Indian Ocean archipelago that is the lowest,
flattest country on Earth.
By the time hurricane Sandy veered toward the Northeast coast of the United States last October 29,
it had mauled several countries in the Caribbean and left dozens dead. Faced with the largest storm
ever spawned over the Atlantic, New York and other cities ordered mandatory evacuations of low-
lying areas. Not everyone complied. Those who chose to ride out Sandy got a preview of the future, in
which a warmer world will lead to inexorably rising seas.
A profoundly altered planet is what our fossil-fuel-driven civilization is creating, a planet where Sandy-
scale flooding will become more common and more destructive for the world's coastal cities. By
releasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, we have warmed the
Earth by more than a full degree Fahrenheit over the past century and raised sea level by about eight
inches. Even if we stopped burning all fossil fuels tomorrow, the existing greenhouse gases would
continue to warm the Earth for centuries. We have irreversibly committed future generations to a
hotter world and rising seas. […]
Global warming affects sea level in two ways. About a third of its current rise comes from thermal
expansion – from the fact that water grows in volume as it warms. The rest comes from the melting of
ice on land. So far it’s been mostly mountain glaciers, but the big concern for the future is the giant
ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Six years ago the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) issued a report predicting a maximum of 23 inches of sea-level rise by the end of this century.
[…] However, that report intentionally omitted the possibility that the ice sheets might flow more
rapidly into the sea, on the grounds that the physics of that process was poorly understood. But
climate scientists now estimate that Greenland and Antarctica combined have lost on average about
50 cubic miles of ice each year since 1992 – roughly 200 billion metric tons of ice annually. Many
think sea level will be at least three feet higher than today by 2100.
National Geographic. v. 224, n. 3, set. 2013. Adaptado.
No 2º parágrafo, as ocorrências do pronome "we" estabelecem referência com
a) "A profoundly altered planet"
b) "Sandy-scale flooding"
c) "other heat-trapping gases"
d) "our fossil-fuel driven civilization"
e) "future generations"
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
No 2º parágrafo, as ocorrências do pronome "we" ("nós") estabelecem, anaforicamente, referência
com "our fossil-fuel driven civilization" ("nossa civilização movida por combustíveis fósseis").
Questão 17
Rising seas
As the planet warms, the sea rises. Coastlines flood. What will we protect? What will we abandon?
How will we face the danger of rising seas?
A seawall now protects Maale, capital of the Maldives, an Indian Ocean archipelago that is the lowest,
flattest country on Earth.
By the time hurricane Sandy veered toward the Northeast coast of the United States last October 29,
it had mauled several countries in the Caribbean and left dozens dead. Faced with the largest storm
ever spawned over the Atlantic, New York and other cities ordered mandatory evacuations of low-
lying areas. Not everyone complied. Those who chose to ride out Sandy got a preview of the future, in
which a warmer world will lead to inexorably rising seas.
A profoundly altered planet is what our fossil-fuel-driven civilization is creating, a planet where Sandy-
scale flooding will become more common and more destructive for the world's coastal cities. By
releasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, we have warmed the
Earth by more than a full degree Fahrenheit over the past century and raised sea level by about eight
inches. Even if we stopped burning all fossil fuels tomorrow, the existing greenhouse gases would
continue to warm the Earth for centuries. We have irreversibly committed future generations to a
hotter world and rising seas. […]
Global warming affects sea level in two ways. About a third of its current rise comes from thermal
expansion – from the fact that water grows in volume as it warms. The rest comes from the melting of
ice on land. So far it’s been mostly mountain glaciers, but the big concern for the future is the giant
ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Six years ago the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) issued a report predicting a maximum of 23 inches of sea-level rise by the end of this century.
[…] However, that report intentionally omitted the possibility that the ice sheets might flow more
rapidly into the sea, on the grounds that the physics of that process was poorly understood. But
climate scientists now estimate that Greenland and Antarctica combined have lost on average about
50 cubic miles of ice each year since 1992 – roughly 200 billion metric tons of ice annually. Many
think sea level will be at least three feet higher than today by 2100.
National Geographic. v. 224, n. 3, set. 2013. Adaptado.
No último parágrafo, há várias palavras formadas pelo sufixo "-ly". Veja estes exemplos: "That report
intentionally omitted [...]"; "[…] that process was poorly understood". Considerando as palavras
destacadas, é correto afirmar que sua função no texto é
a) informar o modo como as coisas acontecem.
b) qualificar coisas ou pessoas.
c) expressar o tempo em que as respectivas ações ocorrem.
d) expressar noção de quantidade.
e) fazer a conexão entre as orações do período.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
No último parágrafo, há várias palavras formadas pelo sufixo "-ly", geralmente associado à formação
de advérbios. Assim, considerando as palavras destacadas – "intentionally" ("intencionalmente") e
"poorly" ("pobremente"/"deficientemente") –, é correto afirmar que sua função no texto é informar o
modo como as coisas acontecem, qualificando os verbos aos quais se associam em cada oração.
Questão 18
Rising seas
As the planet warms, the sea rises. Coastlines flood. What will we protect? What will we abandon?
How will we face the danger of rising seas?
A seawall now protects Maale, capital of the Maldives, an Indian Ocean archipelago that is the lowest,
flattest country on Earth.
By the time hurricane Sandy veered toward the Northeast coast of the United States last October 29,
it had mauled several countries in the Caribbean and left dozens dead. Faced with the largest storm
ever spawned over the Atlantic, New York and other cities ordered mandatory evacuations of low-
lying areas. Not everyone complied. Those who chose to ride out Sandy got a preview of the future, in
which a warmer world will lead to inexorably rising seas.
A profoundly altered planet is what our fossil-fuel-driven civilization is creating, a planet where Sandy-
scale flooding will become