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Level 2 openMind Mickey Rogers Joanne Taylore-Knowles Steve Taylore-Knowles Concept development: Mariela Gil Vierma MACMILLANContents Functions The 1990s Page 7 Talking about the effect Reading PRONOUN REFERENCE: magazine article of technology Talking about past events Listening LANGUAGE USE: listening to a talk Evaluating different sources Speaking COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: asking follow-up questions of information Talking about your birth year Writing LANGUAGE USE: writing online comments Talking about online activities lifeSkills INFORMATION AND RESEARCH: identifying sources of information Describing people's reactions Culture Vulture Page 17 Describing and comparing art Reading LANGUAGE USE: reading a movie review Discussing and comparing Listening IDENTIFYING SPEAKERS' OPINIONS: book club meeting cultural activities Talking about movies Speaking LANGUAGE USE: talking about cultural activities Discussing cultural differences Writing LINKING SENTENCES: and because lifeSkills SELF-DIRECTION AND LEARNING: developing cultural awareness Tickets, Money, Passport! Page 27 Talking about vacation plans Reading PRONOUN REFERENCE: travel article and preferences Listening Talking about possessions and LANGUAGE USE: listening to travel plans travel essentials Speaking COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: responding to requests Asking for permission Writing Making and responding to requests LANGUAGE USE: writing a to-do list Estimating and comparing quantities lifeSkills THINKING AND PROBLEM-SOLVING: estimating and guessing (carbon footprints) It could Happen to Anyone! Page 37 Talking about opinions Reading LANGUAGE USE: reading an article Discussing good and bad experiences Listening IDENTIFYING SPEAKERS' OPINIONS: an informal conversation Talking about life events and changes Speaking LANGUAGE USE: asking questions to complete a questionnaire Talking about a tradition Writing LINKING SENTENCES: but, and, or, so, and because Talking about feelings Responding actively in a conversation lifeSkills COLLABORATION: active listening Musical Notes Page 47 Talking about music and Reading PREDICTION: magazine article musical preferences Listening Describing music LANGUAGE USE: listening to different opinions Talking about concerts Speaking COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: starting and ending a conversation Talking about past events Writing LANGUAGE USE: writing an informal review Giving advice and warnings lifeSkills ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING: narrowing the focus of a presentation Discussing the focus of a presentation Living Spaces Page 57 Describing rooms in a house Reading LANGUAGE USE: reading opinions Describing a living space Listening UNDERSTANDING INSTRUCTIONS AND PROCESSES: podcast Talking about giving gifts Speaking LANGUAGE USE: talking about living spaces Talking about housekeeping Writing IDENTIFYING PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE: topic sentences Discussing virtual worlds Giving your opinion lifeSkills COLLABORATION: discussing alternativesGrammar Vocabulary Pronunciation Review of the simple past Internet activities SOUNDS: vowel + consonant + e Past progressive Describing reactions Irregular simple past verbs Sources of information (websites, newspapers, etc.) Prepositions at, by, about, in when and while Comparatives with Adjectives for describing the arts SENTENCE RHYTHM: as as/not as as as as/not as as Cultural activities Superlatives Different forms of culture Spelling rules for forming superlative (paintings, plays, etc.) adjectives Irregular superlative adjectives Possessive pronouns and whose Travel essentials SENTENCE RHYTHM: Modals of permission and request Travel possessive pronouns Types of vacation (skiing trip, road trip, etc.) Adjectives to describe vacations (perfect, fantastic, etc.) Carbon-generating activities (heat your home, etc.) Present perfect-ever/never Good and bad experiences SOUNDS: Present perfect-How long/for/since Feelings Frequency expressions (once, twice, etc.) Past participles Time expressions (ten minutes, etc.) Have you ever ? Active listening techniques (eye contact, etc.) Active listening phrases (sure, yeah, OK, etc.) Present perfect simple past Words to describe music SOUNDS: /ae/ Modals of advice and warning Musical genres Words related to music (concert, playlist, etc.) Direct and indirect objects Objects in a house SENTENCE RHYTHM: Household chores stress patterns with Separable phrasal verbs Adjectives to describe rooms (organized, messy, etc.) separable phrasal verbs with direct objects Living spaces (mansion, cabin, etc.) Preposition + indirect object Sharing accommodations (roommate, dorm, etc.) Adjectives to describe people (anti-social, selfish, etc.) Adverbs of degree (extremely, constantly, etc.)Contents Functions A Question of Taste Page 67 Talking about unusual foods Reading PREDICTION: magazine article Talking about food preferences and eating habits Listening LANGUAGE USE: listening to complaints Listening to complaints about food Speaking COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: explaining what you mean Explaining what you mean Describing food Writing LANGUAGE USE: writing a recipe Talking about quantities and containers lifeSkills INFORMATION AND RESEARCH: writing a survey Talking about restaurants Love and Romance Page 77 Discussing dating customs Reading LANGUAGE USE: reading an advice column Talking about preferences Listening UNDERSTANDING INSTRUCTIONS AND PROCESSES: an academic lecture Understanding instructions and processes Speaking LANGUAGE USE: talking about dating customs Talking about famous couples Writing IDENTIFYING PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE: relevant supporting details Talking about animal mating habits lifeSkills THINKING AND PROBLEM-SOLVING: using background information to solve a problem Giving advice and recommendations Our Planet Page 87 Talking about natural places Reading UNDERSTANDING MEANING FROM CONTEXT: nature article Making predictions about the future Listening LANGUAGE USE: listening to a weather forecast Describing the weather Speaking COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: interrupting Interrupting Discussing poems Writing LANGUAGE USE: writing a poem Discussing city development plans lifeSkills ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING: evaluating different plans Party Animals Page 97 Talking about parties Reading LANGUAGE USE: reading a magazine article Talking about future plans and events Listening USING VISUAL CLUES: a description of an event Discussing party customs Speaking LANGUAGE USE: talking about party plans Describing problems Writing Offering to help WRITING PARAGRAPHS: writing topic sentences Complaining in a store lifeSkills SELF-DIRECTION AND LEARNING: being assertive Innovate! Page 107 Describing what materials Reading UNDERSTANDING MEANING FROM CONTEXT: technology Web site different things are made of Listening LANGUAGE USE: listening to a description of a process Talking about inventions and gadgets Speaking COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: expressing uncertainty Talking about the use of technology Writing LANGUAGE USE: writing a product review Asking for and giving help lifeSkills THINKING AND PROBLEM-SOLVING: thinking creatively Discussing cell phone features Across the Generations Page 117 Discussing generational differences Reading LANGUAGE USE: reading a letter Talking about relationships Listening USING VISUAL CLUES: parent-teenager conversations Talking about household rules and punishments Speaking LANGUAGE USE: talking about ambitions Talking about the future Writing WRITING PARAGRAPHS: writing relevant supporting details Talking about ambitions lifeSkills COLLABORATION: reaching a compromise Reaching a compromise iv Irregular verbs list, Pronunciation symbols, Communicative Wrap-ups, and Grammar Reference Pages 127-143Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation enough/really/very Tastes and textures WORDS: multisyllable adjectives How much/How many Containers and quantifiers Food Food preparation (add, put, etc.) Phrases of preference Dating WORDS: -ould Negative yes/no questions get + adjective Phrases with go Relationships (couple, fight, marry, etc.) Animal mating (reproduce, lay an egg, etc.) Things to do on a date will and going to The natural world SOUNDS: Modals of might, will The weather Natural disasters (earthquake, flood, etc.) City development plans (build factories, etc.) definitely/probably Present tense with future meaning Parties SENTENCE RHYTHM: intonation of offers Modals of offer-can/could/will Adjectives describing events Party customs (arrive on time, say goodbye, etc.) Simple present passive Materials SOUNDS: Simple past passive Using technology by + agent Inventions (games console, microwave oven, etc.) Plastic-making process (oil, refinery, etc.) Cell phone features (camera, text messaging, etc.) Zero and first conditionals Describing relationships SOUNDS: /ou/ Review of future forms Rules if/when Ambitions (get a degree, make money, etc.) may/might/can Reaching a compromise (make suggestions, be flexible, etc.)In openMind 2 you will Unit 1 describe events in the past. Unit 7 give your opinions about food. talk about internet activities. describe your favorite types of food. describe people's reactions to past events. talk about quantities in general terms. Unit 8 talk about how you would plan a blind date. Unit 2 describe and give personal opinions on national and international culture. give opinions and explain your preferences. describe and compare pictures and art. talk about the love lives of other people. compare different cultural activities. analyze a problem and present solutions. Unit 3 describe what you need to take on Unit 9 describe different places in the natural world. different vacations. speculate and make predictions about your practice asking for permission in future and the natural environment. real-life situations. talk about weather, climate, and natural disasters. practice making and responding to requests. Unit 10 talk about what happens at parties. Unit 4 talk about good and bad experiences in your life. discuss plans for different social events. talk about life changes and their effects. offer to help in different situations. talk about feelings. Unit 11 describe the materials that are used in different objects. Unit 5 describe musical styles and discuss preferences. talk about various aspects of gadgets. describe past events. describe modern technological processes and habits. give advice on musical problems. Unit 12 discuss how older and younger people differ. Unit 6 describe different kinds of rooms. talk about relationships. talk about places where people live. talk about rules and punishments when you were younger. discuss the etiquette of visiting homes and giving gifts. review the language of prediction and future plans. viThe 1990s Unit 1 A Look at the pictures. Which of these things from the 1990s do you recognize or remember? Backstreet Boys Lara Croft from Tomb Raider the TV show Friends the movie Titanic the TamagotchiTM toy B Work in pairs. What other things Pokémon cardsTM do you remember or know about from those years?1 Language use: listening to a talk A Read these definitions. Tell your classmates which generation you belong to and why. People who were children, or who People who were young or were born in the 1990s are called Generation Y. in the 1990s are called Generation X. / belong to Generation Y. / was born in 1992. Listen to a talk. Circle the correct answer. What is the main idea of the talk? a) Generation X people are more confident. b) Generation Y people know more about technology. C Work in pairs. Do you agree with the speaker in Exercise B? Why or why not? A: / agree with the speaker. I'm Generation Y, and / know a lot about technology. B: / disagree. I'm Generation Y, but I'm not very good with technology! 2 Vocabulary: internet activities A Read the article about the birth of the Internet. Write each of the phrases in bold next to its definition. N Towadays everyone of search engines in 1993. It uses the Internet, but it became common for people wasn't used by the general to use a search engine to surf public until the 1990s. One of the Internet and find the first things you could use information. Today, it is the Internet for in the 1990s possible to play online games, was to send e-mail and check as well as download music or your e-mail. Then, many movie files. A very popular companies started selling internet activity today is to their products on the Internet, write a blog. Lots of people and people started to shop do this to let other people online. One important know what's happening in development was the creation their life. 1 look at Web sites = 2 get files from the Internet = 3 post e-mail = 4 look at your e-mail = 5 buy things on the Internet = 6 look for information = 7 keep an online journal = 8 play games on the Internet = Check () the internet activities in Exercise A that you do often. Then compare with a partner. A: / often download music files, but / never shop online. B: Well, / often surf the Internet, but / never play online games. 8Grammar: review of the simple past A Language in context Read this blog entry. Did Stephanie have a good day? Saturday, March 13 spent hours shopping online today for the perfect pair of shoes for the party. I found some great red ones! Then I ran into Aidan, and we went to his place. We downloaded an episode of The Simpsons and watched it on his computer. Aidan thought it was really funny. He took me home at about 6 p.m. I checked my e-mail, studied for a while, and then played an online game with a girl in Hong Kong. At 9 p.m., I chatted online with Aidan for about 10 minutes. Today was a great day! Posted by Stephanie on 03/13 Add Comment E-mail Notice Complete this table with the simple past form of the verbs. Look at the blog in Exercise A again to check your answers. Regular verbs Irregular verbs Base form Simple past form Base form Simple past form watch (1) find (7) check (2) run (8) study (3) go (9) play (4) take (10) chat (5) be (11) / were download (6) think (12) Use the auxiliary did + the base form of the verb Watch out! to form questions and negatives in the simple past: wrote my blog. e.g., Did you check your e-mail? / didn't watch TV last night. writed my blog. Practice Complete this online chat with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. You may need to write the question form of the verbs. Mouse12: Hey Aidan! How are you? Aiden300: Good. Thanks for today. It (1) (be) really great. Mouse12: Yeah. I'm happy I (2) (run) into you. I (3) (think) the episode of The Simpsons (4) (be) good. Aiden300: Me, too. (5) you (get) my text? Mouse12: Yes, I (6) (get) it about 10 minutes ago. Aiden300: I (7) (want) to ask you to go to a concert with me when I (8) (see) you today, but I forgot! D Now you do it Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about what you did yesterday. A: What did you do yesterday? B: / got up early, and / went to What about you? 94 Pronunciation: vowel + consonant + e A ? Listen to the pronunciation of these words. Notice that the vowel in bold "says its name" and the e at the end is silent. a i game nice hate time page like Work in pairs. Practice saying these words. Listen and check. 1 cake late take make bake date 2 bike nine line hide like ride 5 Vocabulary: describing reactions A What type of reactions do these adjectives describe? Write + for positive, - for negative, or +/- for positive or negative. 1 shocked at/by 4 amazed at 7 worried about 2 upset about 5 angry about 8 surprised by 3 excited about 6 interested in 9 happy about Work in pairs. Make a list of important events during your life. Tell your partner how you reacted to each event. A: / remember when Princess Diana died. / was shocked by it. B: / don't remember that, but / remember when Michael Jackson died. / was really upset! / liked him a lot. Michael Jackson's memorial concert 10Reading: pronoun reference 6 Pronouns are words such as he, she, they, them, and there. These words refer to nouns. It is important to understand exactly which words the pronouns refer to in a text. Usually this information comes in the clause or sentence before. A Read this magazine article about people's memories of important events of the 1990s. Then write the correct event above each description. There is one extra event which is not described. The birth of Dolly the Sheep in 1996 The 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta New Year's Eve in 1999 The first Harry Potter book in 1998 Looking Back Key Events of the 1990s 1 remember (1) them pretty well. was ten at the time, and I was really interested in track and field. My dad got tickets to go (2) there, and was really excited about it for months. We saw the men's 100 meters, and Donovan Bailey (3) He set a new world record. The Canadian team did pretty well, wasn't disappointed! I'm glad I was there to support (4) them!" -Greg, Ontario 2 "I was only ten at the time, but I remember seeing (5) it on TV. Some people were worried because they thought it would cause problems with computers. We invited some friends over. (6) They were really excited about it. My dad got some fireworks, and we lit them in the yard, but the rest of the evening was boring, really. We watched the celebrations at the Eiffel Tower on TV. They looked amazing. I wish I'd been (7) there instead!" -Isabelle, Lille 3 "It was on TV when was about twelve. Everyone seemed amazed at the news. remember my teacher at school saying how important (8) it was for scientists, but it just didn't interest me. I thought (9) they should be doing more important things lo help people. But I think was too young to understand how important (10) she was for understanding humans, too." -Adnan, Kuala Lumpar Circle the people's main reactions to the events they describe. 1 Greg was happy / upset about going to the event. 2 Isabelle felt surprised / bored by the event. 3 Adnan wasn't excited / upset about the event. C Look at the pronouns in bold in Exercise A. Write the number of the pronoun which refers to each of these things. Text 1 Text 2 Text 3 a) the Canadian team e) some friends h) scientists b) Atlanta f) at the Eiffel tower i) Dolly the Sheep c) the 1996 Olympic g) the New Year's Eve j) the birth of Dolly the Games celebrations in 1999 Sheep d) Donovan BaileyGrammar: past progressive A Language in context Read this bio about Victoria Beckham. Answer the questions. Biography Interviews Contact Information FAQ VICTORIA CAROLINE BECKHAM Victoria Adams was studying at an arts college in 1993 when she saw an ad in a magazine for a new girl band, which later became the Spice Girls. She answered the ad and got the job! The band's manager chose her to become "Posh Spice." In 1997, when Victoria was watching a soccer game, she met English soccer player David Beckham. "Posh and Becks" married in 1999. They had three sons together. Her youngest son, Cruz, was born while they were living in Madrid. 1 When did Victoria become one of the Spice Girls? 2 When did Victoria meet her husband, David? 3 Where was their youngest son born? B Notice Look at the examples in bold in Exercise A. Complete this rule with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses and simple past or past progressive. She (study) at an arts college + when she (see) an ad longer action in the past short action that happened at the same time Affirmative Question Short answer Negative Yes, I/he/she/it was. I/He/She was eating. Was I/he/she eating? I/He/She wasn't eating. No, I/he/she/it wasn't. It was raining. Was it raining? It wasn't raining. Yes, you/they/we were. You/They/We were eating. Were you/they/we eating? You/They/We weren't eating. No, you/they/we weren't. Practice Complete this bio of another member of the Spice Girls with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Emma Bunton, or "Baby Spice" as she is sometimes called, (1) (study) to be an actress when she (2) (hear) about a new girl band called Touch. She (3) (join) the group after another member (4) (leave) in 1994. The band then (5) (change) their name to the Spice Girls and they became one of the most successful female bands of all time. Emma left the band in 2000, but she also (6) (have) some success while she (7) (work) as a solo artist. She (8) (meet) her boyfriend, Jade Jones, when he (9) (sing) in a band called Damage. They (10) (have) a son in 2007. They live in the U.K. Watch out! D Now you do it Work in pairs. Use the prompts to tell She was living in England when your partner about your life. she met her husband. / was living in when She lived in England when / was staying/working in when she met her husband.Speaking: asking follow-up questions 8 To show that you are interested in what someone is saying, ask them follow-up questions. It's a good way to get more information from them, and it helps to keep the conversation going. A Listen to this conversation between two old friends who meet in the street. Check the follow-up questions that they ask. Oh, yeah? How come? Yeah? Where? Cool. Did you like it? Really? Why? What were you doing? And what about you? Really? Why was that? Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions. Use follow-up questions. 1 What were you doing in 1999? 2 What were you doing this time last year? 3 Where were you living five years ago? 4 Who were you dating two years ago? A: What were you doing in 1999? B: / was living in Chile. A: Really? How come? Language use: writing online comments 9 A Work in pairs. Read these answers to a question posted on a Web site. Use your imagination and decide what happened. Choose a real life event that you remember. ask & answer.com Sign in New user? Sign up! Search for questions: Search home > society & culture > open questions Question: What were you doing when you heard about the news? Posted by Dan 3 days ago Answers (3) Answer this Question I was cleaning up the kitchen. My friends were in the living room and they were talking about it. I remember that I was really upset about it. Francis, the U.K. My brother told me about it. I was sleeping when he called me. He said it happened quickly. We were all really shocked by the news. Todd, North Carolina We were at a party, dancing. Someone got a call about it. A lot of people were upset, and they were crying. Kelly, Sydney A: / think it was when died last year. B: Or maybe it's about the earthquake that happened in Read the text again. In pairs, decide what the pronouns in bold refer to. Write your own comment for the Web site in your notebook. 13Information and research: identifying sources of information Decide what information you need. Identify resources that can give you that information. Find useful information. A Read the competition rules and check () what the participants have to do. Quiz competition rules Form teams of four. Each member of the team finds out as much as possible about his or her birth year. He or she then has to answer 100 different questions about it. Questions are about these subjects: important events and how people felt about them the music people were listening to the technology that people used the clothes people were wearing 220 the TV shows/movies people were watching famous people The winner is the team with the highest score out of 400 Good W find out about the 1990s find out about the year they were born research the music people listened to in the 1980s Work in pairs. Imagine you are participating in the competition. Look at the resources you can use to find out information for the competition. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each one? Use the key and your own ideas. Resources Advantages Disadvantages books Web sites online encyclopedias letters/e-mails blogs newspapers/magazines THE DENVER POST TV online videos TODAY other people (teacher/parents etc.) The York other: KEY A = can be expensive or difficult to find D = you can ask more questions B = the information is probably accurate E = you can access 24 hours a day C = the information may not be accurate/correct F = give a lot of information 14How to say it One thing we could use is We could check Now form a group with another pair. Discuss which of the resources in Exercise B you want to use for Why don't we try ? the competition. Let's use to find / think a good resource for the quiz competition is because D One of the resources you can use right now is your teacher and classmates. Find out as much information as you can about your birth year from them and make notes. A: / was born in 1990. Do you remember any important events from that year? B: Yes. / remember that Germany won the World Cup in 1990. A: Really? Great, thanks! E Share the information you found out about your birth year with your classmates. Reflect. Which resources from Exercise B do you use regularly for study or work? Which ones do you prefer? Why?Language Wrap-up 1 Vocabulary Complete these sentences with phrases from the box. (10 points) amazed worried Writing a blog upset interested check my e-mail surfs the Internet search engines online games excited 1 is a very popular activity for young people these days. 2 James is in downloading MP3 files. 3 We were very about the death of Michael Jackson. 4 In my opinion, children spend too much time playing 5 I'm really about my vacation in the U.S. 6 There are many that you can use to find information on the Internet. 7 I was at how good Jake is at using a computer-he's only three! 8 Paul always for an hour or two every morning before he starts work. 9 Can I use your computer? I need to . 10 I'm about John. He's two hours late. 8-10 correct: can talk about internet activities and describe reactions to events. 0-7 correct: Look again at Sections 2 and 5 on pages 8 and 10. SCORE: /10 2 Grammar Complete the conversations with the simple past or past progressive of the verbs in parentheses. (10 points) 1 A: What (1) you (do) last night? B: I (2) (watch) a TV show about music from the 1990s. It was really bad! 2 A: Where (3) you (go) on New Year's Eve? B: I (4) (go) to my sister's house. 3 A: What (5) you (listen) to a minute ago? It was really good. B: I (6) (play) a CD by a 90s group called Backstreet Boys. 4 A: We (7) (live) in Canada when my younger brother was born. B: Really? I (8) (not know) that. 5 A: Jurassic Park was my favorite movie when I was a child. I (9) (watch) it lots of times. B: Really? I (10) (see) it once, but I thought it was boring. 8-10 correct: I can use the simple past and the past progressive. 0-7 correct: Look again at Sections 3 and 7 on pages 9 and 12. SCORE: /10 16Culture Vulture Unit A Work in pairs. Take the culture quiz. Test your culture knowledge with this Culture Vulture quiz! Name the pop star Name the movie Name the characters and the book they appear in Name the play Name the city Name the artist Share1 Vocabulary: adjectives for describing the arts A Match the adjectives to their synonyms. Then listen and check. 1 silly a) new 2 amazing b) dumb 3 dull c) inexplicable 4 incomprehensible d) very bad 5 well-liked e) incredible 6 strange f) boring 7 terrible g) unusual 8 modern h) popular Complete these sentences with words from Exercise A. 1 I think Dali's paintings are . 2 In my opinion, horror movies are . 3 Going to the opera is 4 In my country, reality TV shows are 5 Shakespeare's plays are . C Work in pairs. Compare your sentences from Exercise B. A: In my opinion, horror movies are amazing. B: Really? / think they're silly. 2 Grammar: comparatives with as as/not as as A Language in context Listen to this conversation between two friends at a photography exhibition. Which picture do both women like? Sarah: So, which picture is your favorite? Kate: Well, I love the picture of the flowers. You know, the black and white one. Sarah: Yeah, I like that one, too, but it isn't as nice as the picture of the elephant. That is SO cute! Kate: Really? I think it's as dull as those pictures of a chair. I didn't really understand what they were trying to do. Sarah: Maybe we're just not as smart as everyone else. Kate: Or maybe we just don't understand art! Notice Look at the conversation in Exercise A again. Match to complete these rules. We use as as and not as as to compare two things. 1 We use as as to a) say that two things are different. 2 We use not as as to b) say that two things share a similar characteristic. 18C Practice Look at these paintings and complete the sentences with (not) as as and the adjectives in parentheses. A C D 1985 1645 $550 $4,500 1967 $4,500 1850 $1,060 1 Picture A is (small) Picture D. Watch out! 2 Picture D is (expensive) Picture C. Martin is as tall as me. Martin is as tall than me. 3 Picture A is (big) Picture B. 4 Picture is (old) Picture A. 5 Picture A is (expensive) Picture C. 6 Picture B is (modern) Picture D. D Now you do it Work in groups. Compare these pictures. 1 2 3 A: Picture 1 isn't as nice as Picture 2. B: / agree. It isn't as interesting. C: / think Picture 1 is as good as Picture 3, and it's prettier. Pronunciation: as as/not as as A Listen to these people giving their opinions. Notice that the stress is on the adjective and not on as as. I think Spain is as beautiful as Italy. In my opinion, museums aren't as dull as some people think. Work in pairs. Practice saying these sentences. Remember not to stress the word Listen and check 1 In my country, Latin music is as popular as rock music. 2 I don't think painting is as interesting as taking pictures. 3 London is not as big as São Paulo. 4 Many people think that trains are not as comfortable as cars.4 Listening: identifying speakers' opinions Key words are important words and phrases that can help to identify a person's opinion. They can be adjectives or verbs such as like, don't like, and enjoy. The way a person sounds (bored, interested, etc.) can also indicate what his or her opinion is. A Listen to this conversation between two people at a book club meeting. Write W next to the adjectives the woman uses. Write M next to the adjectives the man uses. interesting dull popular not new B Listen again and circle the correct answers. How do you know? 1 The woman liked / didn't like the book. 2 The man liked / didn't like the book. c Now listen to five other people talking about books. Circle the correct answers. 1 Speaker 1 says she a) liked a different book more. b) thought the book was amazing. 2 Speaker 2 thought the book was a) interesting. b) dull. 3 Speaker 3 says he a) didn't like the book. b) liked the book. 4 Speaker 4 preferred a) the writer's first book. b) the writer's second book. 5 Speaker 5 says she a) doesn't like books very much. b) enjoys reading. 5 Vocabulary: cultural activities A Complete the blue circles in these word webs with verbs from the box. Then add one idea of your own to each word web. learn about take see sculpture architecture a foreign movie art a musical a comedy show 20a book club a cooking class a language course join a band an art class a photography club the ballet a museum go to an exhibition B Work in pairs. Say which of the activities in Exercise A you would like to do and which you would not like to do. Give reasons. A: I'd like to join a book club. / love reading books and talking about them. B: / wouldn't like to join a book club. / think reading is boring. / want to take another language course. I'd like to learn Russian. Language use: talking about cultural activities 6 A Complete this questionnaire. Are You a Culture Vulture? Find out with our questionnaire. Simply check the boxes that apply to you. I like Last year I going to the theater. went to a museum. seeing comedy shows. saw a foreign movie. going to the ballet. went to the theater. going to art exhibitions. learning about architecture. 2 belong to Score one point for each box you checked. an art club. a book club. Score 0-3: Cultural activities are definitely not for you! a language class. Score 4-8: Why not try some different cultural activities? a music group. Score 9-12: You're a real Culture Vulture! Work in groups. Compare your answers to Exercise A. Discuss any other cultural activities that you enjoy. A: So, do you like going to the theater? B: Yes, / do. What about you? C: Oh, / don't like going to the theater, but / enjoy going to the movies. Tell the class about the activities that are popular in your group and the ones that aren't so popular. In our group, going to the theater is as popular as seeing comedy shows Art clubs are not as popular as music groups. 217 Grammar: superlatives A Language in context Read these opinions. Which speakers give a positive opinion and which give a negative opinion? "The worst show right now "In my opinion, "Elephunk by The Black Eyed is America's Top Model. I can't the scariest movie of all Peas is the hottest album of believe it's one of the most time is The Ring." the last ten years." A C popular shows." B Notice Look at Exercise A again and complete this table. For most, add -est: e.g., old-oldest, dull-dullest, new-newest One syllable adjectives For adjectives which end consonant-vowel-consonant double the final consonant and add -est: e.g., thin-thinnest, fat-fattest, hot-(1) Two syllable adjectives Change the y to i and add -est: ending in -y e.g., happy-happiest, easy-easiest, scary-(2) Use most or least: Adjectives with two or more syllables e.g., important-most important, interesting-least interesting, popular-(3) Irregular adjectives e.g., good-best, bad-(4) worst Some short adjectives such as fun and real are used with Use the before superlatives: least/most and not -est: e.g., It's the scariest movie. e.g., Concerts are the most fun in the summer. It's one of the most popular shows. c Practice Complete these sentences with the superlative form of the adjective in parentheses. 1 In my opinion, The Simpsons is the fun) cartoon ever! Watch out! 2 Luciano Pavarotti was the (1 great) singer I've ever heard. He's the thinnest man. 3 Taking a class is one of the (1 good) ways to meet new people. He's the more thin man. 4 The interesting) shows on TV are animal shows. 5 The (1 funny) movie that I ever saw was The Mask with Jim Carrey. 6 Marilyn Monroe was the beautiful) cultural icon of the 1950s. 7 I think hip-hop is the (1 bad) type of music. I hate it! 8 Justin Timberlake's new album is the hot) CD of the year. D Now you do it Choose one of these topics. Tell a partner one or two details about it. the funniest TV show the best group in concert the most popular singer in your country A: The funniest TV show is The Office. / really like the actors. B: Really? / think the funniest TV show is 22Language use: reading a movie review A Read this movie review. Did the writer enjoy The Simpsons Movie? " You Laugh Until You Cry!" The Simpsons Movie has to be one of my top five favorite movies of all time. I love it because it's as funny as the cartoons, but it's 85 minutes long-so there are lots more laughs! The funniest part of the movie for me is when Homer takes a pig home from a restaurant. He calls him Spiderpig and loves him more than he loves his kids-Bart, Lisa, and Maggie! Maggie is the youngest of the Simpson children and she never speaks in the cartoons. However, right at the end of the movie, Maggie says her first "real" word. Go see the movie and find out what she says! promise you'll love it! Sean Green, Ontario, Canada B Think about two movies that you saw recently: one good and one bad. Tell a partner about the best and worst parts of these movies. Recently, / saw The best part was when The worst part of the movie was when Writing: linking sentences We use the words and because to link ideas. They are useful because they make your ideas clearer and more interesting for the reader. Because is used to introduce the reason for something and is used to introduce the result of something. A Read this description. Which famous cultural icon does it describe? It was first invented in 1886 by Dr. John Pemberton in a pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia (1) because / he wanted to make a "health drink." Pemberton said that it was good for people's health (2) because / it was made from sparkling water. Frank Robinson, who worked for Pemberton, created the logo that is famous today. Pemberton sold the drink in his store for the very cheap price of five cents a glass, (3) because / it became very popular very quickly. By 1887, the business was too big for Pemberton, (4) because / he sold part of the company to a businessman called Asa Griggs Candler. Candler started the company as we know it today. In 1985, the company started selling a new version of the drink, but changed the flavor back to the original after three months (5) because / people didn't like it. Read the text in Exercise A again and circle the correct linking words. Connect these ideas using so or because. 1 Potato chips are one of the most popular snacks they are cheap and tasty. 2 I think cornflakes taste horrible, I never eat them. 3 I don't drink cola, I don't know what it tastes like. 4 potato chips are fried, they aren't very healthy. 5 I love sweet drinks, I always put sugar in my coffee.Self-direction and learning: developing cultural awareness Keep an open mind. Identify differences with respect to your own culture. Think of reasons for these differences. A pictures. Which one shows the way you usually greet your friends? Tell a partner. When / greet a friend, / usually hug him or her. Read this article about personal space. Which of the facts surprises you the most? Personal Space Here are some interesting facts about different cultures and personal space: How Close do You Go? In Latin American and Arabic countries, people feel comfortable standing close to others while waiting in line at the bank or at the supermarket. It's also common for people to sit close to each other in public places such as the subway or the bus. People in North European and Japanese cultures aren't as comfortable with this. North Americans like to have the largest amount of personal space. As a result, they often live in "Boy, LOOK AT HIS PERSONAL SPACE!" bigger homes with bigger rooms than Europeans. Personal space is an invisible area around you. People from Mediterranean countries such as If someone enters this space when they are talking to France, Greece, and Italy are more likely to kiss you, you might feel nervous or uncomfortable. People family and friends when they meet. They are also have different attitudes towards personal space: some more likely to live most of their lives in the same people like more space than others. How close you neighborhood. stand to someone else when you are talking to them Australians who live in towns and cities don't depends on who it is you are talking to and the need as much personal space as Australians situation. Also, how close you can go is different who live out in the desert. in different cultures. 24How to say it Work in pairs. Talk about which of the things mentioned in the article in Exercise B are common in your country. People in [country] are different from people in my country because they D Why do people in different countries require more or less In [country], it's different because the personal space? Read these ideas and write some of people there (don't) your own. People in my country (don't) because We (don't) usually "The country is bigger-people "The people are different-they "The climate is hotter." always have lots of space." are more serious and reserved." E Work in groups. Compare your ideas. Make a list of the best ideas below. Share your ideas with your class. How to say it We think that people in [country] Reflect. like/don't need to have a lot of personal space because Cultural differences make the world We think people in [country] are interesting. What other cultural not as as people in [country] differences do you know? What reasons because can you think of to explain them?Language Wrap-up p128-129 1 Vocabulary Circle the correct words to complete this conversation. (10 points) A: Do you want to (1) see / look a comedy show this weekend? B: Uh, not really. I think they're a little (2) dull / well-liked. A: OK. Well, how about going to (3) the ballet / a photography exhibition? B: I'm not really interested in dance. But I would like to (4) learn about / know art. A: So why don't you (5) take / give a class? B: Well, I (6) took / went an art class, but it was (7) incredible / terrible! A: Why? Was the teacher bad? B: No, she was good. The problem was that everyone talked about (8) modern / strange art, but I like old paintings. A: Maybe you should try something else. Why don't you (9) join / take a book club? You love to read! B: That's a (10) great / silly idea. I'll try that. 8-10 correct: | can use adjectives for describing the arts and talk about cultural activities. 0-7 correct: Look again at Sections 1 and 5 on pages 18 and 20. SCORE: /10 2 Grammar Complete these statements with (not) as as or the superlative form of the adjective in parentheses. (10 points) 1 I love CSI: Miami. It's (1) (1 popular) TV show in the world. I also like CSI: NY, but it's (2) (good) CSI: Miami, I don't watch every show. 2 People in my country love going to the ballet. It's (3) (cheap) in other parts of the world, but it's (4) (expensive) going to a fancy restaurant. 3 A cultural icon from my country is Ronaldo. He is (5) (amazing) soccer player in the world. I don't think Pelé was (6) (talented) Ronaldo. 4 I don't think modern art is (7) (dull) old art. In my opinion, sculpture is (8) interesting) form of art. Now that is really boring! 5 I think Heinz® Tomato Ketchup is a cultural icon. A burger without mayonnaise is (9) (good) a burger with mayonnaise. But a burger with no ketchup is (10) (bad) thing in the world! 8-10 correct: can use comparatives and superlatives. 0-7 correct: Look again at Sections 2 and 7 on pages 18 and 22. SCORE: /10 26Tickets, Money, Unit 3 Passport! A Where would you like to go on vacation? Number the pictures in order of preference. a diving vacation in the Caribbean an African safari a walking vacation in France a skiing trip in Canada a tour of Europe by train B Tell your classmates about which vacation you would like to go on and why. Which is the most popular vacation? / would like to go on because 271 Vocabulary: travel essentials A Match the words to the pictures. Listen and check (). a map DON'T FORGET TO TAKE these things when you go on vacation! suntan lotion a backpack SPAIN a pair of sunglasses a passport 1 2 3 4 5 a wallet a driver's license a guidebook tickets 6 7 8 9 10 a toothbrush Choose the top five essential things in Exercise A to take on a summer vacation. Then compare your answers in pairs. A: / think a toothbrush is essential. B: Well, you can buy a toothbrush, but your passport is essential if you want to go to a different country! 2 Grammar: possessive pronouns and whose A Language in context Listen to the conversation below. Underline the things the Carters are taking on vacation with them. Mom: OK, does everyone have their things ready for me to pack? Lucas: Yes, Mom. Those are my things over there. Mom: Great, but whose backpack is that? Alicia, is that yours? Alicia: Yeah, it's mine. I have my guidebook and the map in there. Mom: And whose sneakers are these? Are they yours, Lucas? Lucas: No! Those sneakers are hers. I don't wear pink sneakers, Mom! Mom: Oh, I'm sorry! And whose tickets are these? Alicia: They're ours, Mom. Dad has Lucas's tickets. Dad: Do I? Are you sure? thought I only had to remember my wallet and my camera! Mom: Remind me not to go on vacation next year! Notice Look at the text in Exercise A again. Complete the table on the next page and circle the correct options to complete the rules. 1 We use whose / possessive pronouns to ask about possession. Watch out! 2 We use whose / possessive pronouns to answer about possession. Whose wallet is this? 3 Possessive pronouns are used / not used with nouns. Who's wallet is this? 28Possessive Possessive We often use this/that/these/those with Whose ?: adjectives pronouns e.g., A: Whose suntan lotion is this? my camera (1) B: It's mine. your sneakers (2) A: Whose shoes are those? B: They're his. his wallet his her sneakers (3) its nose our tickets (4) your map yours (5) tickets theirs C Practice Complete these questions with the correct form of the verb be. Then write the answer, using the correct possessive pronoun. 1 A: Whose shoes are these? 4 A: Whose guidebook this? B: They're his. (John) B: (John + me) 2 A: Whose suntan lotion this? 5 A: Whose tickets these? B: (you) B: (Jo + Eddie) 3 A: Whose toothbrush that? 6 A: Whose passport this? B: (Christina) B: (I) D Now you do it Work in groups. Take turns pointing to objects inside your classroom. Ask questions with Whose ? A: Whose pen is that? A: Whose bags are those? B: It's mine. B: They're ours. Language use: listening to travel plans A Listen to two women talking. Check () where Misha is going on vacation. Listen to the rest of the conversation. Write the travel essentials Misha says she needs to buy. Compare your answers in pairs. Work in pairs. Talk about the next vacation you are planning to go on. Tell your partner what travel essentials you need to buy before you go. A: I'm planning to go on vacation to the beach. / need to buy a new camera and bus tickets. B: Well, I'm planning to go to Chicago for Christmas. / need to buy a new backpack and a guidebook.4 Pronunciation: possessive pronouns A Listen to these sentences. Notice that the possessive adjectives are not stressed, but the possessive pronouns are always stressed. 1 This is my passport. / This is mine. 2 Those are their tickets. / Those are theirs. Listen and repeat these sentences. 1 This is your toothbrush. / This is yours. 2 These are our suitcases. / These are ours. 3 That's her guidebook. / That's hers. 5 Vocabulary: travel A Write the verbs from the box with the correct phrases. pack take make rent find change go on check in 1 a hotel reservation/a flight reservation/ an online reservation 2 money 3 your luggage/your passport 4 a tour/a river cruise 5 a car/an apartment 6 a restaurant/a museum/a gas station 7 a train/a bus to the airport 8 at a hotel/at an airport B Write the phrases from Exercise A in the correct column in the table. Then compare your answers in pairs. Before you travel When you get to your destination rent a car A: / usually rent a car before / travel. B: And / always find some restaurants beforeReading: pronoun reference p11 Sometimes pronouns are not just used to replace nouns. They can replace noun phrases and even entire sentences. Read the sentences which come before a pronoun to help you identify what it refers to. A Read this article about cheap vacations. Match the people to the vacation that is best for them. a young family with their own home someone who likes driving a student Travel on the Cheap! These days, you don't need a lot of money to have a great vacation. There are a number of different types of inexpensive vacations to choose from. Here are some favorites: A Backpacking A great option for people who love traveling and seeing lots of different places. Many backpackers use trains to get around. (1) They're perfect because you can usually sleep on them. (A) It makes sense to catch the last trains at night because (2) these often have sleeping cars. This means you wake up at your destination in the morning feeling great! B House swapping (3) This is a fantastic idea for people who have their own home. It's really simple and can save you lots of money. You join an online group of people from around the world. Then you take pictures of your house and put (4) them on a Web site. (B) If someone likes your house and you like theirs, you agree to swap. Then all you do is pack your luggage and you're off! C Car driving OK, you love road trips, but you don't have the money to do (5) them often. No problem! Did you know that some car companies pay people to drive their rental cars from one destination to another? If a customer decides to leave a rental car at a different destination, then the company may need someone to drive (6) it back to its original location. (C) Match these sentences to the appropriate places in the article in Exercise A. Use the pronouns to help you. 1 It's a great way to see a country for free! 2 This is that people can choose where they want to stay. 3 And that means you don't need to make expensive hotel reservations! C Read the article in Exercise A again. Write what each pronoun in bold refers to. 1 trains 4 2 5 3 6 D Work in pairs. Talk about which of the three vacations in Exercise A you would like to try, and why. A: I'd like to try car driving because / love road trips! B: Really? I'd like to try house swapping because you can go with your whole family.7 Language use: writing a to-do list A Read Ivan's to-do list before he goes away and decide what type of trip he is going on. Tell a partner and give reasons for your choice. a business trip to Russia a skiing vacation in Chile To-do list a beach vacation in Mexico backpacking in Asia make a hotel reservation for 14 nights camping in Greece rent a car from airport change money buy a jacket get suntan lotion and toothbrush pack luggage rent equipment online don 't forget tickets, money, passport! B Think about a trip that you are going on in the coming weeks/months. Write a to-do list of the things you need to do and buy. 8 Grammar: modals of permission and request A Language in context Listen to the conversations below. Where do you think each one takes place? Conversation 1 Man: Can I check in, please? Woman: Of course you can, sir. May I see your passport? Man: Sure. Here you go. Conversation 2 Woman: Could you help me with my suitcase, please? Man: Sure. Woman: And may I ask you something? Man: Go right ahead. Woman: Is there a bank on the way to the airport? B Notice Look at the conversations in Exercise A again. Circle the correct option to complete the rule. Modals of permission and request (can, could, may) are followed by the base form / infinitive (to + base form). Questions Affirmative Short answers Use may, can, and could: Use can or may: Use can or may: Permission e.g., May/Can/Could / ask you something? e.g., You can/may use e.g., Yes, you can/may. May is more formal than can/could. my cell phone. No, you can't/may not. Use can and could only: Request e.g., Can/Could you the door please? 32Practice Complete this conversation at a travel agency. Use modals of permission and request. For some blanks, there is more than one correct answer. Hazel: Good morning. (1) I see some information about trips to Japan, please? Lara: Yes, of course. We have several brochures, but (2) you fill out this questionnaire first? Hazel: Sure. Oh, (3) I use your pen? Lara: Yes, of course you (4) Hazel: And (5) you excuse me for a moment to make a phone call? Lara: Certainly. You (6) use my phone if you like. D Now you do it Work in pairs. Look at the situations below. Ask and answer questions for these situations using modals of permission and request. You are at the train station and would like help with your suitcase. You are checking in at the airport and you want a window seat. You are in a taxi and want to go downtown. You want to sit in a seat on the bus. You are in a café and would like to see the menu. Speaking: responding to requests Choose a few negative and positive short responses that you can use when people make requests. Memorize and practice them that you're ready to use them at the right moment! A Look at these pictures and match them to the correct questions. A C D 1 May I sit here, please? 2 Can I close the window, please? 3 Could you tell me where the gas station is, please? 4 Could you turn down your music, please? B Look at these responses. Write + for positive, and - for negative. Then write the number of the question(s) from Exercise A that each response can answer. Sure. 1,2,4 Of course. Sorry, I don't know. Go (right) ahead. No problem. Certainly. Sure. It's Sorry, but I'd rather you didn't. C Work in pairs. Take turns making requests and answering them. A: May / use your pen, please? B: Sure, go ahead.Thinking and problem-solving: estimating and guessing Understand what you need to estimate or guess. Do some simple calculations. Compare your estimate to other data A Read this extract from an environmental textbook. Follow the instructions. Carbon footprint Your carbon footprint is how much carbon public transportation such as buses and trains dioxide gas you produce in your everyday to get around, or when you recycle clothes and life. This includes things such as traveling, furniture. Travel of every kind makes up the cooking, and heating your home. Your carbon largest part of a person's carbon footprint. To footprint is bigger, for example, when you drive get a basic idea of the size of your own carbon your car a lot, take a lot of flights, or when you footprint, check the activities that you do in live in a big house. It's smaller when you use the table below. Bigger carbon footprint Smaller carbon footprint go on lots of foreign vacations go on vacation in your own country travel by car/taxi travel by bus/train/subway cook with gas/oil cook with electricity buy food from large supermarkets buy food from local markets live in a large house live in a small house or apartment B In order to estimate your carbon footprint, you need to do some simple math. Follow these instructions from the Be Greener Web site. Be Greener Search Carbon footprint Visit our store About US Be green Calculator 5 Do you want to get an idea of how big your carbon footprint is? The first thing you need to do is estimate how many kilometers you travel per year using different forms of transportation. Here are some examples to help you: Example 1: Megan Watkins, 25, Office Manager Megan estimated how much she used cars and taxis in a week 210 km Then she calculated her total for a year 52 = 10,920 km Then she estimated how much she traveled by plane last year. 1 trip from New York to San Francisco 4,125 km Then she estimated how much she used buses and subways last year and divided it by two because you produce less carbon dioxide when you use public transportation 40 km 52 2 = 1,040 km Megan's total estimated travel for last year 16,085 km 34Be Greener Search Carbon footprint Visit our store About US Be green Calculator Now do similar calculations to estimate how many kilometers you travel per year using these different forms of transportation: 1 My total estimated "car and taxi" kilometers are this year. 2 My total estimated "air" kilometers are this year. 3 My total estimated "subway and bus" kilometers are this year. Remember to divide the total by two. Finally, add your estimates 1-3 together to obtain a total estimate. My total estimated travel is per year.* * This calculation is a very simple estimate of one aspect of the carbon footprint. For a more complete calculation, please look for a carbon footprint calculator online. Work in groups. Compare the estimates you made in How to say it Exercise B. Who has a large carbon footprint? Who has a small carbon footprint? How many kilometers did you travel by car/taxi/bus/train/plane last year? A: / think / have a small carbon footprint. / only do about 3,200 car kilometers per year! What about you? / estimate about B: / also think mine is pretty small / probably did about / only drove about kilometers last year. D Everyone can do something to reduce their carbon footprint. Match the topics to the things you could easily do. Then tell a partner which you could do. 1 Vacations a) Use buses and subways. 2 Food b) Don't go by plane. 3 Getting around c) Share a ride. 4 Electricity d) Always turn off lights. 5 Driving e) Buy things that don't arrive in your country by plane. / could use buses and subways more. Reflect. Think about other things that you estimate or guess. Why is estimating useful?Language Wrap-up 1 Vocabulary Complete this conversation with words from the box. (10 points) take suntan lotion guidebook check in tickets tour pack driver's license apartment made Lisa: Hi, Sara! I wanted to tell you that I booked our vacation to Puerto Rico last night. I (1) an online reservation. Sara: Really? That's great. Where are we staying? Lisa: Well, I rented a two-bedroom (2) in downtown San Juan. Sara: OK. So I guess we can (3) a bus from the airport. Lisa: Yes, no problem. You should bring your (4) because then we can rent a car. Sara: OK. What else do I need to do? Lisa: Well, first you need to (5) your luggage! Sara: I know! And I need my passport, too, and my (6) -Puerto Rico is really sunny! Lisa: Can you bring your (7) of San Juan? Then we won't get lost. Sara: Good idea. It's useful for finding restaurants, too. What time is our flight? Lisa: 6 a.m. So we need to (8) at the airport at about 4 a.m. I know it's early, but it was the cheapest flight. Oh, and I also booked a (9) of the city. Sara: That sounds great. So how much were the plane (10) ? Lisa: They were $300 each. I can give you yours on Monday. Sara: Great! See you in class. 8-10 correct: I can talk about travel essentials and travel plans. 0-7 correct: Look again at Sections 1 and 5 on pages 28 and 30. SCORE: /10 2 Grammar Circle the correct answer to complete these conversations. (10 points) 1 A: Whose passport is (1) this / these? B: It's (2) mine / his. Look, here's my picture. 2 A: Could you (3) to tell / tell me where the airport is, please? B: Yes, I (4) may / can. It's on Highway 23. 3 A: Whose black sunglasses are (5) those / that? B: I think they're Sally's. Yes, they're definitely (6) hers / ours. She bought them last week. 4 A: (7) Can / Do I see your guidebook, please? B: Of course you (8) do / can. 5 A: Whose suntan lotion is (9) this / these? B: I think it's (10) yours / theirs. They left it on the beach. 8-10 correct: can use possessive pronouns and modals of permission and request. 0-7 correct: Look again at Sections 2 and 8 on pages 28 and 32. SCORE: /10 36It could Happen Unit 4 to Anyone! A Look at these pictures and match them to the people's comments. 1 "I feel angry when bad things happen to me." 2 "Money can definitely buy you happiness." 3 "When things go wrong, I try to be positive." 4 "Winning is the most important thing." B Tell your classmates which of the opinions in Exercise A you share. A C D 371 Vocabulary: good and bad experiences A Look at the pictures and complete these phrases with verbs from the box. find miss win lose see have win fail 1 a celebrity 2 some money 1,000,000.00 US$ 3 the lottery 4 a plane 5 your wallet 10/100 6 first place 7 an accident 8 a test Work in pairs. Talk about some of your experiences. Use ideas from Exercise A. A: Once / found some money on the street. Watch out! B: Really? How much? I missed my plane. I lost my plane. 2 Grammar: present perfect-ever/never A 2 Language in context Listen to the conversation below. Is Richard a lucky person? Lola: Hey, Richard, guess what? I won the lottery! Richard: Are you serious? How much did you win? Lola: Almost $2,000. I can't believe it! Richard: Lucky you! Have you ever won before? Lola: Yes, I have. Actually, I've won several times. What about you? Richard: Oh, I've never won anything! Notice Look at the phrases in bold in Exercise A again. Then read these rules for the present perfect and circle the correct answer. 1 We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at some time before now. 2 The exact time the action happened is not known or is not important. 3 We form the present perfect with the verb have / be and the past participle. 38Affirmative Negative Question Short answers I/You have ('ve) won the You have not (haven't) Have I/you (ever) won Yes, / have. lottery many times. won the lottery. the lottery? No, / haven't. He/She has ('s) won the He/She has not (hasn't) Has he/she (ever) won Yes, she/he has. lottery many times. won the lottery. the lottery? No, she/he hasn't. We/You/They have ('ve) We/You/They have not Have we/you/they (ever) Yes, we/they have. won the lottery many times. (haven't) won the lottery. won the lottery? No, we/they haven't. Regular past participles: Irregular past participles: watch-watched be-been give-given He's/She's a student. = He is/She is stop-stopped go-gone take-taken He's/She's won the lottery. = He has/She has win-won read-read find-found Practice Complete these questions with you and the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Then answer them. 1 (ever find) a $100 bill? Watch out! Yes, / have. / No, I've never found a $100 bill. I haven't won the lottery. I've never won the lottery. 2 (ever eat) Chinese food? haven't never won the lottery. 3 (ever work) in a café? Watch out! I have been to Canada. (ever visit) another country? X I have be to Canada. 4 5 (ever see) an elephant? 6 (ever watch) Ugly Betty? D Now you do it Work in pairs. Ask questions about these things. If appropriate, ask a follow-up question using the simple past. have an accident lose your wallet win a competition find some money miss a plane A: Have you ever had an accident? B: Yes, / have. A: When did it happen? B: Last summer. / was driving to 185 393 Language use: reading an article A Which country do fortune cookies probably come from? Read this article to find out. a) the U.S. b) China c) Japan Fortune Cookies Have you ever seen a fortune cookie? Have you ever eaten one in a Chinese restaurant? Read on to find out more about them Fortune cookies are those small, sweet cookies that you often have after Chinese food. Inside the cookie is a small piece of paper which usually has your lucky numbers and your fortune on it. Like many people, you might think they come from China, but in fact many Chinese people have never heard of fortune cookies. The habit probably started in a Japanese restaurant in San Francisco in the U.S. in the early 1900s and quickly became very popular. When you get the cookies after you have finished your food, the tradition is to close your eyes and take one. Then you break the cookie and eat it all before you read your fortune. Reading your fortune before you have eaten the cookie is considered to be very unlucky! Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions about fortune cookies. 1 Have you ever had Chinese food? 2 Have you ever eaten a fortune cookie? Did you like it? 3 Did you read your fortune before or after eating the cookie? 4 Why do you think the predictions inside fortune cookies sometimes come true? 4 Listening: identifying speakers' opinions p20 A Look at these phrases which we use to give our opinions. Write them in the correct column in the table. Phrases used to Phrases used to Phrases used to I think introduce your opinion agree with someone disagree with someone I don't think No way! Yes, that's true. Personally, I In my opinion B Listen to two friends talking about someone they know. Circle the correct words to complete their opinions. 1 Amy is / isn't surprised that Katrina had an accident. 2 Amy thinks Katrina is a driver. 3 Diana thinks Katrina is a good bad driver. 4 Diana thinks Katrina is / isn't organized. 5 In Diana's opinion, Katrina is lucky / unlucky. 40Pronunciation: A Listen and repeat. Notice the pronunciation of the beginning of the words. /sp/ /st/ /sk/ Spanish start ski special stop skirt speak stomach school Work in pairs. Practice saying these sentences. Listen and check. 1 Swimming and skiing are popular sports. 2 Snakes are scary. 3 Can you show me where the small store is? Vocabulary: feelings A Match the sentences to the pictures. A D E F 1 I've never felt SO scared before! It was horrible! 2 I just hit my professor's car. I'm SO embarrassed. 3 I'm confused. Can you say that again, please? 4 I feel really proud of myself. I passed my driving test! 5 I've never met my girlfriend's mom before. I feel a little uncomfortable. 6 Have you ever been to dance classes before? They make you really exhausted! B Work in pairs. Ask and answer about these experiences. Say how you felt. hear strange noises outside your house at night dance all night get 100% on a test be in another country and not speak the language go to a party and not know anyone forget someone's name A: Have you ever heard strange noises outside your house at night? B: Yes, once. A: How did you feel? B: Pretty scared.Grammar: present perfect-How long/for/since A Language in context Listen to this interview with someone who is living on a desert island for a reality show. Is he enjoying his experience? Interviewer: So Daryl, how long have you been on the island? Daryl: For about six months now. Interviewer: And how's it going? Daryl: Well, at first I was scared because of the snakes, but I've started to like it now. Interviewer: And how about your family? Are they glad that you're on TV? Daryl: Well, actually, my wife is a little uncomfortable with it. Interviewer: Really? How long have you been married? Daryl: Since 2005. She was angry when I decided to go on the show. We haven't spoken since July. It's difficult. Interviewer: I can imagine. Well, good luck with the rest of your stay. Daryl: Thanks! Notice Look at the interview in Exercise A again and complete these rules. 1 We use present perfect + + a period of time (e.g., a year, a month, ten minutes): e.g., I've lived here six months. 2 We use present perfect + + a specific date, year, month, day, or time: e.g., I've been married 2005. C Practice Complete these questions and answers with the present perfect form of the verb in parentheses and for or since. 1 A: How long Daryl (live) on the island? B: six months. 2 A: How long Ella (work) here? Watch out! B: 2007. How long have you lived here? How long do you live here? 3 A: How long you (know) Mike? B: last year. 4 A: How long they (study) at this college? B: two years. 5 A: How long Derek (be) a firefighter? B: May. 6 A: How long you (have) your car? B: three years. D Now you do it Interview two classmates about their experiences. Use these prompts to make questions with How long and the present perfect. study English be a student at this school/university be here today live in this city know your best friend know your teacher A: How long have you studied English? B: For about five years now.Language use: asking questions to complete a questionnaire 8 A Read this questionnaire and circle the correct answer. What is the main topic of the questionnaire? a) past experiences b) plans for the future 1 a) Have you ever made an important life change? Yes / No b) Has your life been better or worse since you made the change? 2 a) Have you ever changed your job/school? Yes / No b) How long have you been in your new job/at your new school? 3 a) Have you ever moved to a new house or neighborhood? Yes / No b) How long have you lived in your new house/neighborhood? a) Have you ever changed your appearance? Yes / No b) Has it made a difference to your life? Yes / No 5 a) What has been the best change in your life? b) Why? Work in pairs. Ask the questions from the questionnaire and complete it with your partner's answers. C Work in groups. Tell your group what you found out about your partner. Lois has changed her job twice. Now she works for Pepsi. She has worked there since 2009. Writing: linking sentences p23 9 When you write, try to use a variety of linking words to make your writing more interesting to read. A Read these sentences and underline the linking words. Match each linking word to its function. 1 I've lived in this neighborhood for three years, but we're moving soon. a) to add extra information 2 We've decided to get married because we've been together since 2009. b) to show the reason or result 3 My dad lost his job, SO I might have to leave school. c) to contrast two points 4 I have a new car and a new apartment. d) to show an alternative 5 Do you want to change anything about your life, or are you happy? Match to make complete sentences. 1 I've never failed an exam, a) because they're planning to travel around Asia. 2 My sister has been in Canada for three years now b) and she's very happy there. 3 Corinne and Danny quit their jobs c) or medicine in college. 4 John has never won anything, d) SO he thinks he's unlucky. 5 Sol has decided to study law e) but I always feel nervous before I take one. Write three sentences about yourself and the changes you have made in your life in the past year. Use appropriate linking words. Share your experiences with your classmates. 1 2 3 I've started exercising because / want to be healthier. 43Collaboration: active listening Stop what you're doing and focus on the speaker. Use verbal and non-verbal techniques to show you are listening. Respond to what you have heard. A Look at these pictures of people talking to each other. Write the phrases from the box under the correct picture. eye contact "open" body language (e.g., arms aren't folded) bored facial expression no eye contact interested facial expression "closed" body language (e.g., arms are folded) Good active listening Poor active listening Work in groups. Student A, read this information about active listening. Student B, listen actively. Student C, complete the evaluation form on the next page. Then switch roles and repeat. A ctive listening is one of the most important skills you can develop. It is important at work and at home. Unfortunately, most people are not very good at listening actively. Studies have shown that we only remember about 25 to 50% of what we hear. This means that in a ten-minute conversation with your boss, parents, or friends, they really listen to you for only two and a half to five minutes. Similarly, when we are receiving directions or obtaining information, we don't listen to everything, SO it is easy to miss important details. 44Name of speaker: Name of listener: The listener made eye contact. Yes No The listener had "open" body language. Yes No The listener had an interested facial expression. Yes No I give (name) a score of out of 10 for their active listening techniques. Work in the same groups. Compare your evaluation forms. Who is the best at active listening? D Listen to this phone conversation between two friends. Notice the words they use to show they are listening actively. Check () the word which is used more than once. Uh-huh. Sure. Yeah. OK. Fine. E Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about one of these topics. How to say it Use the verbal and non-verbal techniques from Exercises B and D Where do you ? as you listen. How long have you ? travel school Have you ? work What happened? amazing experiences What about ? friends A: Have you traveled much? B: Yes, I've been to several different countries. A: Yeah? B: Yeah, Brazil, Costa Rica, and the U.S. A: Wow, that's amazing! When did you ...? F Show the rest of your classmates that you were listening actively in Exercise E. Tell them what you learned about your partner. Reflect. How good were you at active listening? Do you like talking to an active listener? Why? 45Language Wrap-up p130-131 1 Vocabulary Circle the correct words to complete this text. (10 points) One of the unluckiest people I know is my uncle, Jack. He has never (1) won / lost the lottery, even though he's played for years. He (2) did / had an accident on his first day at work and was (3) scared / confused that he could lose his job. Last month he booked a vacation to Florida-and (4) lost / missed his plane! He and his family were (5) happy / upset. And when he has a little good luck, it usually goes wrong. He (6) found / failed a $100 bill and put it in his wallet-but then he lost that! He was lucky to see a (7) celebrity / famous that he likes in a club, but he was (8) exhausted / uncomfortable when he shook his hand that he couldn't speak! He (9) had / won first place in a competition, but he forgot to go and get his prize! The best thing about though, is that he's a really happy person. He says he's lucky to have a great wife and kids and that he's very (10) happy / confused with his life. What a great man! 8-10 correct: I can talk about good and bad experiences, and feelings. 0-7 correct: Look again at Sections 1 and 6 on pages 38 and 41. SCORE: /10 2 Grammar Complete these conversations with the correct form of the present perfect or for or since. (10 points) 1 A: How long (1) you (know) Andy? B: (2) last summer. 2 A: (3) Frankie (ever visit) Mexico? B: Yes, but she hasn't been there (4) ten years. 3 A: I (5) (not see) Eliot for a long time. B: Yeah, he hasn't visited us (6) Christmas. 4 A: Did you know that Javier (7) (never try) Italian food? B: Really? Well, I haven't had any (8) four days and I miss it! 5 A: (9) you (ever win) any money in the lottery? B: No, I haven't been very lucky (10) 2000! 8-10 correct: can use the present perfect to talk about experiences. 0-7 correct: Look again at Sections 2 and 7 on pages 38 and 42. SCORE: /10 46Musical Notes Unit 5 A Listen and match the excerpts of music with the countries. Write the number of each excerpt next to the correct country. Cuba Ireland Nigeria France Egypt Share your opinions with the class. Which of the music excerpts did you like best? Which did you like least? 471 Language use: listening to different opinions A Listen to the conversation. What are the people talking about? a) favorite types of music b) favorite bands c) the best concerts Listen again. Then check () the music the people like. hip-hop pop rock Andy Chris Liz Work in groups. Discuss these questions and take notes. Then report the results to the class. 1 How many people in your group like each of the three types of music above? 2 Which bands, singers, and albums do you recommend for each type of music? In our group, two people like pop music. We all like rock. Only Lee likes hip-hop. He recommends the new album by called 2 Vocabulary: words to describe music A Work in pairs. Check that you understand all of these words. Then use combinations of the words to give your opinion about different types of music. hip-hop good for dancing. awesome pop expressive. cool heavy metal noisy. I think is great because it's reggae boring. horrible Latin music repetitive. awful classical music old-fashioned. catchy. this song good for dancing. I like because it's [song name] romantic. easy to understand. B Work in groups. Discuss the music you like and don't like. Give reasons. A: / think jazz is pretty cool. B: Really? / don't like it. / think it's old-fashioned. C: Yes, and it's repetitive. 48Grammar: present perfect simple past A Language in context Listen to the conversation below. Did Lynn like the Beyoncé concert she saw? How do you know? Lynn: Look! Beyoncé is going to give a concert here! Have you ever seen her? Darren: No, have you? Lynn: Yeah, I saw her two years ago. She was awesome! Darren: Really? Lynn: Yeah, she sang all of her best songs, and her band was great. Darren: Well, I've heard that her new album is really cool. Let's go to the concert. Notice Complete this table by choosing the correct verb tense and writing an example from the conversation in Exercise A. Use Verb tense Example Use to refer to events that (1) present perfect / (2) happened at a non-specific simple past time in the past. Use to give details about (3) present perfect / (4) specific events in the past. simple past Practice Circle the correct options. Watch out! 1 A: Did you ever go / Have you ever been to a hip-hop concert? saw Radiohead four years ago. B: No, but I have listened / listened to a lot of hip-hop on the radio. X have seen Radiohead four 2 A: Did you see / Have you seen that big concert on TV last night? years ago. B: No. Has it been / Was it good? 3 A: Who played / has played at the Continental Club the last time you went? B: Down Home. They played / have played for four hours. They were / have been awesome! 4 A: How many CDs have you bought / did you buy in your life? B: I don't know. A lot! I have bought / bought four CDs last month. 5 A: Have you been / Did you go to a lot of concerts? B: No. I've never been /I didn't go to a concert. D Now you do it Work in groups. Talk about concerts you've seen live or on TV. Give details. A: Has anybody seen Pink in concert? A: Did anybody see Coldplay on TV last week? B: Yes, / have. / saw her in 2009. or B: No. What channel were they on? C: Was the concert good? B: It was great. She played4 Language use: writing an informal review A Read this review of a concert. What did the person like about the concert? Cool Concerts The Web site for music lovers! home > concert reviews > new reviews Search Review Death Cab For Cutie Hey, everyone, have you ever seen Death Cab for Cutie in concert? saw them in Toronto, and the concert was great. They played for almost two hours-some old stuff like Soul Meets Body, but also a lot of stuff from their new album. Some of the songs were fast and good for dancing. Other songs were slow and expressive, there was a nice variety. I thought Ben Gibbard's vocals were excellent. So try to see them if you can-you won't be disappointed! B Think of a concert that you saw or heard about. Complete these notes. Band or singer: Place of concert: Date: How long they played: Songs they played: you liked: What you didn't like: C Write your review of the concert. D Put your review on the wall. Read all of the reviews. Then discuss these questions in groups. 1 Have you seen any of the bands or singers your classmates wrote about? If so, do you agree with the comments about the concert? 2 Which bands or singers do you want to see? Did you already want to see them, or did the review convince you? 5 A Listen and repeat each pair of words. Can you hear the difference? /e/ bad bed sat set rap rep man men Pat pet Work in pairs. Practice saying these sentences. Listen and check. 1 The bad pet sat on the bed. 2 The sales rep is a man named Pat. 3 The men were in a bad rap band. 50