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( ) The Social Revolutionaries 
( ) The Cadets 
( ) The White Army 
 
50. The Civil Rights Movement sought to end racial discrimination and promote equality in 
the United States. Which landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 declared racial 
segregation in public schools unconstitutional, serving as a catalyst for the movement? 
( ) Plessy v. Ferguson 
( x ) Brown v. Board of Education 
( ) Loving v. Virginia 
( ) Roe v. Wade 
( ) Shelby County v. Holder 
 
51. The Age of Exploration was marked by significant maritime expeditions. Which explorer 
is known for his voyage around the world, proving that the Earth is round and providing 
valuable information about global geography? 
( ) Christopher Columbus 
( ) Vasco da Gama 
( x ) Ferdinand Magellan 
( ) Henry the Navigator 
( ) Amerigo Vespucci 
 
52. The Enlightenment was a period that emphasized reason and individual rights. Which 
document, adopted during the French Revolution in 1789, outlined the rights of citizens 
and the principles of national sovereignty? 
( ) The Constitution of 1791 
( ) The Magna Carta 
( x ) The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 
( ) The Napoleonic Code 
( ) The Bill of Rights 
 
53. The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in society and the 
economy. Which invention, developed by James Watt in the 18th century, significantly 
improved the efficiency of steam engines and contributed to the growth of industries? 
( ) The Spinning Jenny 
( x ) The Steam Engine 
( ) The Cotton Gin 
( ) The Power Loom 
( ) The Telegraph 
 
54. The Cold War was characterized by ideological conflict between the United States and 
the Soviet Union. Which military alliance, formed in 1949, aimed to provide collective 
security against the threat of Soviet aggression in Europe? 
( ) The Warsaw Pact 
( ) The League of Nations 
( x ) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 
( ) The United Nations 
( ) The Commonwealth of Nations 
 
55. The ancient civilization of Greece is known for its contributions to philosophy, politics, 
and art. Which city-state is renowned for its democratic system and cultural 
achievements, serving as the birthplace of Western democracy? 
( x ) Athens 
( ) Sparta 
( ) Corinth 
( ) Thebes 
( ) Delphi 
 
56. The French Revolution led to the rise of radical political factions and significant social 
changes. Which event, marked by the execution of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie 
Antoinette, symbolized the revolution's violent turn and the establishment of the First 
French Republic? 
( ) The Tennis Court Oath 
( ) The Storming of the Bastille 
( x ) The Reign of Terror 
( ) The Napoleonic Wars 
( ) The Hundred Days 
 
57. The economic theories of Karl Marx had a profound impact on global politics and 
society. Which work, published in 1867, outlines Marx's critique of capitalism and the 
concept of class struggle, advocating for a revolutionary approach to achieving a classless 
society? 
( ) The Communist Manifesto 
( ) Das Kapital 
( x ) The German Ideology 
( ) The Theory of Surplus Value 
( ) The State and Revolution 
 
58. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is often viewed as a pivotal moment in the collapse of 
communism in Eastern Europe. Which political movement, characterized by peaceful 
protests and demands for democratic reforms, played a significant role in the events 
leading to the wall's fall? 
( ) The Solidarity Movement 
( x ) The Peaceful Revolution 
( ) The Velvet Revolution 
( ) The Prague Spring 
( ) The Hungarian Uprising 
 
59. The Renaissance was a period of renewed interest in classical art and literature. Which 
artist is known for his masterpieces such as the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper," 
showcasing innovative techniques in perspective and human emotion? 
( ) Michelangelo 
( x ) Leonardo da Vinci 
( ) Raphael 
( ) Titian 
( ) Botticelli 
 
60. The ancient Roman Empire was known for its extensive road networks and engineering 
achievements. Which structure, built to facilitate trade and transportation, is one of the 
most iconic symbols of Roman engineering and architecture? 
( ) The Colosseum 
( x ) The Roman Aqueducts 
( ) The Pantheon