Composition Templates

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INGLÊS COMPLETO
PROFESSORA MARIANA LIMA
Profa. Mariana Lima
Aula 17- COMPOSITION TEMPLATES
Curso INGLÊS para o CACD 2018
INGLÊS COMPLETO
PROFESSORA MARIANA LIMA
HOW can I learn to write like that?
• Follow the instructions in the book: 
MANUAL DO CANDIDATO, 
FUNAG
• Chapter 2 - Composition Writing
• pp. 57-108
INGLÊS COMPLETO
PROFESSORA MARIANA LIMA
THE FOR AND AGAINST COMPOSITION
 This type of composition looks at 
the arguments for and against the 
question
 This can either be done in 
alternate paragraphs, or in two 
sections of the composition, one 
containing all the points ‘for’, the 
other the points ‘against’.
 The conclusion can contain the 
writer’s own view, based clearly on 
the points that have been made.
 This is the classic French model of 
thesis, antithesis, synthesis. If well 
produced, it can be extremely 
effective.
Write a composition on the 
following quotation from 
Albert Einstein:
“The unleashed power of 
the atom has changed 
everything save our modes 
of thinking and we thus
drift toward unparalleled 
catastrophe.”
(Length: 350-450 words)
INGLÊS COMPLETO
PROFESSORA MARIANA LIMA
VARIATION: FOR OR AGAINST
• Good newspaper articles and 
essays often argue coherently, 
and sometimes passionately, for 
or against an idea, without 
necessarily considering both 
sides of the question.
• Rather than slavishly accepting 
the quotation as true, it may 
make interesting reading to argue 
against it. 
• If you decide on this approach, 
make sure you have a well-
grounded position and plenty of 
evidence to support your ideas.
Awareness that change is a constant 
feature of human life is as old as 
civilisation. However, more
recently, technological development 
has greatly enhanced both the 
prospects for rapid change and the
range of its social, political, and 
cultural impact. Bearing this in mind, 
comment on Berman’s contention (in 
Muqtedar Khan’s text “Radical Islam, 
Liberal Islam” that “those motivated 
by aversion for liberalism will 
continue to seek the downfall of the 
West as long as its culture continues 
to influence the world, the Muslim 
World in particular”.
(Set length 350-450 words)
INGLÊS COMPLETO
PROFESSORA MARIANA LIMA
THE DEFINE AND ILLUSTRATE COMPOSITION
Some composition topics set in the 
CACD examinations lend themselves 
well to a fairly simple approach, on 
the lines of:
a) Define and interpret the topic 
involved in the quotation ;
b) Produce examples to illustrate 
your interpretation;
c) Agree (or disagree) with the 
quotation.
In essence, this kind of composition 
just gives the arguments for a topic, 
without working on arguments 
against it. → → → → → →
( remember our lesson on the 
definition paragraph structure? 
Exactly.)
• Discuss the following statement in relation 
to the issue of state secrets and the role of 
the press.
“The greatest triumphs of propaganda have 
been accomplished, not by doing 
something, but by refraining from doing. 
Great is the truth, but still greater, from a 
practical point of view, is silence
about the truth.” (Aldous Huxley)
• Comment on the following quotation:
• “When I am abroad, I always make it a rule 
never to criticise or attack the government 
of my own country. I make up for lost time 
when I come back.” (Sir Winston Churchill)
INGLÊS COMPLETO
PROFESSORA MARIANA LIMA
THE PROBLEM ANALYSIS COMPOSITION
This is a fairly common type of 
composition in academic writing. 
It normally contains a sequence 
running
something like this:
a) background to the problem;
b) the problem – examples and 
illustrations;
c) further aspects of the problem 
and/or possible solutions;
d) your choice of solution(s), 
pointers for the future, or similar 
conclusion
• Peru’s government, like those in other emerging 
economies, sees development of minerals and timber 
as the fastest way to lift the country out of poverty, 
particularly in the country’s largely untouched Amazon 
region. In Peru, land ownership is private, but the gov-
ernment has full rights to the resources below ground -
such as minerals, oil, and gas - and above it - such as 
water, fish, and timber. In 2007, President Garcia 
infamously dismissed what he called "the law of the 
dog in the manger, which says, 'If I do not do it, then 
let no one do it.'" Without the state to give out 
concessions, Garcia wrote, the land would remain 
undevel-oped, with "unused resources that cannot be 
traded, that do not receive investment, and do not 
create jobs". 
• But indigenous groups and communities in the Amazon 
fear the government is en-gaged in a large-scale 
giveaway of their land to industry at the expense of 
their cultural heritage. "For the indigenous people, the 
land is sacred, but in [Western culture] the land is 
simply a resource", said Roger Rumrill, an expert on 
the Amazon’s indigenous communities. The gov-
ernment recently created new concessions that would 
open up 70 percent of the Amazon to oil and gas 
exploration, though many of these concessions haven’t 
been given out yet. 
• Weigh up the potential benefits and drawbacks of 
Peru opening up and developing its Amazon region. 
INGLÊS COMPLETO
PROFESSORA MARIANA LIMA
THE HISTORICAL APPROACH COMPOSITION
• If you are sufficiently 
well informed you can 
take your examples to 
illustrate the quotation 
from different periods 
in history. 
In the light of the following quotations, comment
on the relations between economics, warfare, and the
forging of the modern state.
What a country calls its vital economic interests are
not the things which enable its citizens to live, but the things
which enable it to make war.
Simone Weil, in W.H. Auden, A Certain World, 1971.
Think of political economy as an historical process
rather than some kind of established model. It begins – and
this is often forgotten – with war, the father of all things.
It was war, time and again pushing up the expenses of
governments, that fostered the development of modern
systems of taxation. For most of history, men lived in warfare
states, not welfare states.(…)
Money does not make the world go
round, but it establishes the framework – the cage, if you
like – within which we live our lives. To understand this is not
to be let out the cage. It does not even tell us who has the
key. But at least it shows us where the bars are.
Niall Ferguson, The Cash Nexus, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2001.