Essential Grammar in Use

Prévia do material em texto

Infinitive
	Past simple
	Past participle
	cost
	cost
	cost
	broadcast
	broadcast
	broadcast
	spread
	spread
	spread
	let
	let
	let
	set
	set
	set
	bet
	bet
	bet
	hit
	hit
	hit
	split
	split
	split
	hurt
	hurt
	hurt
	burst
	burst
	burst
	cut
	cut
	cut
	put
	put
	put
	shut
	shut
	shut
	read
	read*
	read*
	lend
	lent
	lent
	send
	sent
	sent
	bend
	bent
	bent
	spend
	spent
	spent
	build
	built
	built
	lose
	lost
	lost
	smell
	smelled/smelt
	smelled/smelt
	spell
	spelled/spelt
	spelled/spelt
	spill
	spilled/spilt
	spilled/spilt
	burn
	burned/burnt
	burned/burnt
	learn
	learned/learnt
	learned/learnt
	spoil
	spoiled/spoilt
	spoiled/spoilt
	dream
	dreamed/dreamt*
	dreamed/dreamt*
	lean
	leaned/leant*
	leaned/leant*
	deal
	dealt
	dealt
	mean
	meant
	meant
	keep
	kept
	kept
	kneel
	knelt
	knelt
	creep
	crept
	crept
	sleep
	slept
	slept
	sweep
	swept
	swept
	weep
	wept
	wept
	feel
	felt
	felt
	meet
	met
	met
	leave
	left
	left
	bring
	brought
	brought
	buy
	bought
	bought
	seek
	sought
	sought
	fight
	fought
	fought
	think
	thought
	thought
	teach
	taught
	taught
	catch
	caught
	caught
	dig
	dug
	dug
	stick
	stuck
	stuck
	sting
	stung
	stung
	swing
	swung
	swung
	hang
	hung
	hung
	strike
	struck
	struck
	sell
	sold
	sold
	tell
	told
	told
	have
	had
	had
	flee
	fled
	fled
	hear
	heard
	heard
	make
	made
	made
	say
	said
	said
	pay
	paid
	paid
	lay
	laid
	laid
	(under-)stand
	(under-)stood
	(under-)stood
	shine
	shone
	shone
	win
	won
	won
	sit
	sat
	sat
	spit
	spat
	spat
	hold
	held
	held
	lead
	led
	led
	feed
	fed
	fed
	shoot
	shot
	shot
	light
	lit
	lit
	slide
	slid
	slid
	find
	found
	found
	get
	got
	got/gotten
	forget
	forgot
	forgotten
	break
	broke
	broken
	freeze
	froze
	frozen
	speak
	spoke
	spoken
	steal
	stole
	stolen
	wake
	woke
	woken
	drive
	drove
	driven
	ride
	rode
	ridden
	rise
	rose
	risen
	write
	wrote
	written
	take
	took
	taken
	shake
	shook
	shaken
	choose
	chose
	chosen
	bite
	bit
	bitten
	hide
	hid
	hidden
	fall
	fell
	fallen
	eat
	ate
	eaten
	(for-)give
	(for-)gave
	(for-)given
	forbid
	forbade
	forbidden
	beat
	beat
	beaten
	begin
	began
	begun
	drink
	drank
	drunk
	shrink
	shrank
	shrunk
	swim
	swam
	swum
	ring
	rang
	rung
	spring
	sprang
	sprung
	stink
	stank
	stunk
	sing
	sang
	sung
	sink
	sank
	sunk
	run
	ran
	run
	(be-)come
	(be-)came
	(be-)come
	do
	did
	done
	go
	went
	gone
	lie
	lay
	lain
	be
	was/were
	been
	see
	saw
	seen
	wear
	wore
	worn
	tear
	tore
	torn
	swear
	swore
	sworn
	blow
	blew
	blown
	grow
	grew
	grown
	know
	knew
	known
	throw
	threw
	thrown
	fly
	flew
	flown
	draw
	drew
	drawn
	show
	showed
	showed/shown
	sew
	sewed
	sewed/sewn
	study
	studied
	studied
	travel
	travelled
	travelled
	stop
	stopped
	stopped
	prefer
	preferred
	preferred
	snow
	snowed
	snowed
	some advice
	some bread
	some furniture
	hair
	some information
	some news
	weather
	work
The following verbs are not normally used in the present continuous:
	believe
	
	belong
	
	consist
	
	contain
	
	fit
	
	hear
	
	know
	
	like
	
	mean*
	
	need
	
	prefer
	
	realise
	
	recognize
	
	remember
	
	see
	
	seem
	
	smell
	
	suppose
	
	taste
	
	think (“believe”)
	
	understand
	
	want*
	
* We can use “want” and “mean” in the present perfect continuous.