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Chapter 7 The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom 133 7.29 The magnetic quantum number is an integer ranging from to +1. For example, if = 1, = - 1,0, +1. The magnetic quantum number specifies the orientation of the orbital. 7.31 The probability density is the probability per unit volume of finding the electron at a point in space. The radial distribu- tion function represents the total probability of finding the electron within a thin spherical shell at a distance r from the nucleus. In contrast to probability density, which has a maximum at the nucleus for an s orbital, the radial distribution function has a value of zero at the nucleus. It increases to a maximum and then decreases again with increasing r. 7.33 The sublevels are = 0), which can hold a maximum of 2 electrons; p = 1), which can hold a maximum of 6 electrons; d = 2), which can hold a maximum of 10 electrons; and = 3), which can hold a maximum of 14 electrons. Problems by Topic Electromagnetic Radiation 7.35 Given: distance to sun = 1.496 X 10⁸ km Find: time for light to travel from sun to Earth Conceptual Plan: distance km distance m time 1000 m distance time = km 3.00 m/s Solution: 1.496 X 10⁸ km X 1000 X 3.00 X S 10⁸ = 499 Check: The units of the answer (s) are correct. The magnitude of the answer is reasonable because it corresponds to about 8 minutes. 7.37 (i) By increasing wavelength, the order is (d) ultraviolet