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Solutions for Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules
27 continued
angles around sp3 atom ≈ 109°
angles around sp2 atoms ≈ 120°
(g)
sp2
sp3
C
N
HC
H
H
H H
(h)
both sp3, all ≈ 109°
both sp2, all ≈ 120°
(i)
C
H
C
H
O
O
H
H
H
H
behind the plane
of the paper
in front of the 
plane of the 
paper
28 For clarity in these pictures, bonds between hydrogen and an sp atom are not labeled; these bonds are 3
s-sp3 overlap.
(a) (b)
H C
H
N C
H
H
H(c)
sp2-sp2
+ p-p
sp2-sp3
sp2-s
109°120°
120°
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
H
(d)
120°
109°
sp2-s
sp2-sp2
+ p-p
sp3-sp2
(e)
s-sp
sp-sp +
two p-p
sp-sp2 sp2-s
sp2-sp2 + p-p
180°
120°
N
HH