Doenças Gengivais em Crianças

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A Review ARUL PARI PAAVAI ANGO VENKAT VINEELA HARINATH Children are universal subject finding to a wide in children variety and of gingival adolescents. infections. The shorter Epidemiological life span of studies the primary indicate dentition that gingivitis may be the of varying reason imperative why severity in general that is nearly children little a attention receive is a periodontal given to periodontitis examination in children. as part of Since their early routine diagnosis dental visit. is important for successful treatment, of is destructive periodontal disease occurs in children with certain systemic to determine diseases. if Indeed systemic the diseases presence are present severe Furthermore may be an early sign of systemic A general medical evaluation resistant to therapy. penodontitis should be considered in children who exhibit severe periodontitis, especially if the disease appears periodontal health awareness and therapy are increasing day by day in our country compared to earlier evaluation days, it than is much soft Though restricted to adults rather than children. Oral cavity examination in children is much oriented in hard tissue tissue health. Hence, this article enlightens about the prevalence of various soft tissue diseases and importance of long term overall oral health maintenance in childhood. Keywords: Children. Gingival enlargement mixed dentition it is normal for marginal gingiva around permanent INTRODUCTION teeth to be prominent, particularly maxillary anterior region. At this Gingival diseases affecting children are numerous and may stage of tooth eruption gingiva is still attached to crown, and it progress to jeopardize the periodontium of the adult. The effects of appears prominent when superimposed on the bulk of underlying diseases observed in adults mostly have their inception enamel [Table/Fig-3]. in life. Dental practitioners have an important role to play in the early recognition and diagnosis of gingival and periodontal EPIDEMIOLOGY to optimize treatment outcomes [1]. The prevalence of gingivitis in developed countries was about 73% ANATOMICAL among the children between 6 and 11 years of old. This rate raises There are significant differences in the periodontal structures with increasing in age from 6 to 11 [5]. between childhood and adult life [2]. Several studies have shown that the prevalence of gingivitis The width of the attached gingiva is greater in the incisor area, increases markedly during puberty. decreases over the cuspids, and increases again over primary During adolescence, there appears to be an increase in the molars and permanent molars. The attached gingiva increases in prevalence of gingivitis figures varying from 50-99%. width with age. In addition, the contact points between deciduous The prevalence of gingivitis is less in girls than boys, which is teeth are not as tight as those between the permanent dentition probably related the levels of oral hygiene. providing favorable location for bacterial growth, thus leading to increased susceptibility of the interdental region. CLASSIFICATION OF GINGIVAL DISEASES PERIODONTIUM IN CHILDREN [3] [Table/Fig- [6] 1,2] A. Gingival Diseases Associated With Plaque I. Without Local Contributing Factor Plaque - Induced Gingivitis The further of in During changes the periodontal children is firm Formation develop significance transition of as the slightly disease controversy crown of bulge: role of gingival blanched these with WITH of period during GINGIVAL Before interdental anatomical eruption margin: the and childhood in TOOTH oral pathogenesis crown the confirms mucosa. of col differences Marginal development the CHANGES described remains appears, permanent ERUPTION to In of contour gingiva course to periodontal to by gingiva the be of Cohen teeth determined. the pathogenesis of and of underlying dentition, eruption, presents occur (1959). disease sulcus in A The primary cause of gingivitis is plaque. Dental plaque appears to form more rapidly in children aged 8 to 12 years than in adults [Table/Fig-4]. Clinical Features The plaque-induced inflammatory lesion is usually confined to the marginal aspects of the gingiva and with time, progresses to other tissues of the periodontium. A fiery red surface discoloration is often superimposed on underlying chronic changes. Gingival color change and swelling appear to be more common expressions of gingivitis in children than are bleeding and increased pocket depth [7]. Journal of gingival rounded, and slightly reddened. period of Long term exposure can cause plaque induced gingival of Clinical Research, 2014 margin: Oct, Vol-8(10): During ZE01-ZE04 the enlargement also [8].