1 4 - Tempos verbais_compressed

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Verb Tenses (Tempos Verbais em Inglês)
Verb tenses (tempos verbais em inglês)
 Verb tenses (tempos verbais) no idioma inglês são as formas
como verbos são flexionados, cumprindo diferentes relações de
temporalidade.
 Verb tenses em inglês indicam acontecimentos, aspectos,
ocorrências, ações.Os tempos verbais em inglês (verb tenses) são
recursos comunicacionais que usam verbos para indicar aspectos
verbais em relação aos tempos: presente, passado, futuro. Temos
os aspectos simples (simple), contínuo (continuous) e perfeito
(perfect). Podem sinalizar momento de indeterminação com o
simples; continuidade, com o contínuo; ou finitude de uma ação,
com o perfeito. Em alguns casos, temos estruturas básicas que se
mantêm idênticas para todas as pessoas gramaticais; em outros,
há variações.
 VERB TO BE (PRESENT TENSE)
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
SINGULAR
PLURAL
 VERB TO BE (PRESENT TENSE) NEGATIVE AND
QUESTION FORMS
We form the negative of TO BE by placing not after the
verb:
I am a student.
I am not a student.
We form questions with TO BE by placing the verb
before the subject:
She is a teacher.
Is she a teacher?
 THERE TO BE (THERE IS / THERE ARE)
Used to show that something exists or happens:
There is a restaurant around the corner.
There are two people waiting outside.
We use THERE IS with singular nouns; we use THERE
ARE with plural nouns:
There is a book on the desk.
There are books on the desks.
There is one man in the room.
There are several men in the room.
 THERE IS / THERE ARE (Negative Form)
We form negatives with THERE IS and THERE ARE by placing
NOT after the verb:
There is a book on the desk.
There is NOT a book on the desks.
The contracted forms ISN’T and AREN’T are generally used:
There is an aircraft in the airport.
There AREN’T several men in the room.
THERE IS / THERE ARE (Question Form)
We form questions with THERE IS and THERE ARE by placing the verb before
THERE:
There is a window in the room.
Is there a window in the room?
There are some magazines on the shelf.
Are there magazines on the shelf?
 O tempo verbal simple present é utilizado em língua inglesa para fa-
lar de ações cotidianas, hábitos, verdades, fatos, costumes, características.
"Devemos utilizar o tempo verbal simple present para descrever ações em ge-
ral. Precisamos ter cuidado quando pensamos sobre ações que acontecem no
tempo de fala, isto é, como se elas estivessem acontecendo agora, pois as
ações em progressão referem-se, na verdade, a outro tempo verbal: o present
continuous. Dito isso, podemos nos concentrar no simple present, formado pe-
lo verbo principal no infinitivo sem a preposição to, quando falamos de algo
que acontece frequentemente.
Ao contrário da língua portuguesa, em inglês, os verbos no simple present não
são flexionados em todas as pessoas, exceto na terceira pessoa do singular
(he/ele, she/ela, it/ele, ela) em frases afirmativas. Outra peculiaridade é o uso
dos verbos auxiliares do e does em frases interrogativas e negativas. Nos tópi-
cos a seguir, explicaremos o uso desse tempo verbal, abordando a sua estrutu-
ra e conjugando alguns verbos. Vamos lá!
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
 É o tempo verbal que usamos para falar de ocorrências no
presente e é usado nas seguintes situações:
a) ações habituais:
I always get up at 6 o'clock.
Most English people have tea in the morning.
 b) ações ou estados permanentes:
People speak German in Austria.
It's always cold in Siberia.
c) verdades imutáveis: 
Water boils at 100 C.
The Amazon river flows to the Atlantic.
d) ações num futuro planejado:
You leave Paris on Monday and arrive in Tokyo on Thursday.
Next Sunday? Well, I play tennis in the morning and call
on you in the afternoon.
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (cont.)
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (cont.)
 O Simple Present é formado pelo infinitivo do verbo, sem a
partícula to.
 Na terceira pessoa do singular (he, she, it), como regra geral,
 os verbos recebem ‘s’ ao final:
 Como formamos?
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
I work
You work
He works
She works
It works
We work
You work
They work
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (3rd PERSON)
Exceções à regra geral.
Se os verbos terminarem em:
a) Y precedido de consoante
 Trocamos o Y por I e acrescentamos ES.
 ex.: I study - He studies.
b) CH, O, S, SH, X ou Z
 acrescentamos ES.
 ex.: I reach - He reaches.
 ex.: I go - He goes.
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (3rd PERSON)
Exceções à regra geral.
Se os verbos terminarem em:
a) Y precedido de consoante
 Trocamos o Y por I e acrescentamos ES.
 ex.: I study - He studies.
b) CH, O, S, SH, X ou Z
 acrescentamos ES.
 ex.: I reach - He reaches.
 ex.: I go - He goes.
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (NEGATIVE FORM)
A forma negativa do Simple Present é obtida através do
auxiliar do (does para a terceira pessoa do singular).
Ex.: I do not like wine. 
 They don't speak Russian.
 She does not intend to go to London today.
 He doesn't speak English.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (NEGATIVE FORM cont.)
 I do not know.
You do not know.
He does not know.
She does not know.
It does not know.
We do not know.
You do not know.
They do not know.
Após o auxiliar ‘DOES NOT’, o verbo principal
ficará no infinitivo, uma vez que o auxiliar já fez
a flexão (ES ) para a 3ª pessoa do singular.
•As formas contractas DON’T and DOESN’T são
geralmente usadas.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (QUESTION FORM)
Do I know?
Do you know?
Does he know?
Does she know?
Does it know?
Do we know?
Do you know?
Do they know?
A forma interrogativa do Simple Present é obtida através do auxiliar
‘Do’ colocado antes do sujeito da frase (does para a terceira pessoa
do singular):
O Simple Past , também chamado de Past Simple (passado simples), é um dos
tempos verbais do inglês. Ele é equivalente ao passado simples na língua
portuguesa.
 Quando usar?
O Simple Past é usado para indicar ações passadas já concluídas, ou seja, para
falar de fatos que já aconteceram; que começaram e terminaram no passado.
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Expressões temporais usadas com o Simple Past
 Para reforçar o uso do Simple Past, muitas expressões temporais são
utilizadas nas frases.
 Os exemplos mais usuais são: yesterday (ontem), the day before
yesterday (anteontem), last night (ontem à noite), last year (ano passado), last
month (mês passado), last week (semana passada), ago (atrás), etc.
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 Veja algumas frases no Simple Past com as expressões citadas anteriormente:
We did not go to school yesterday. (Nós não fomos para a escola ontem.)
His birthday was the day before yesterday. (O aniversário dele foi anteontem.)
She studied Math last night. (Ela estudou matemática ontem à noite.)
I traveled to Brazil last year. (Eu viajei para o Brasil ano passado.)
They visited their uncle last month. (Eles visitaram o tio deles mês passado.)
I called you three days ago. (Eu telefonei para você três dias atrás.)
SIMPLE PAST TENSE - REGULAR VERBS
A forma afirmativa do past tense dos verbos regulares é
feita através da inserção do sufixo ED ao final do verbo:
I worked
You worked
He worked
She worked
It worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
REGULAR VERBS
Quando um verbo já termina em “e”, acrescenta-se apenas o “d”.
Ex: dance >danced
Quando um verbo termina em consoante + y, o “y” é substituído por “i” antes da
inserção do ED.
Ex: study> studied
Quando um verbo cuja tonicidade encontra-se na última sílaba termina em
consoante+ vogal+ consoante (cvc), dobra-se a última letra.
Ex: p l a n> planned
 c v c
Exemplos de exceção: listened, opened, traveled, etc.
Para que possamos passar as frases para a forma
interrogativa do past tense, inserimos o verbo auxiliar DID
antes do sujeito e retiramos o sufixo ED:
DID I work?
DID you work?
DID he work?
DID she work?
DID it work?
DID we work?
DID you work?
DID they work?SIMPLE PAST TENSE (Question Form)
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE (Negative Form)
Para que possamos passar as frases para a forma negativa do past
tense, inserimos a construção DID NOT depois do sujeito e
retiramos o sufixo ED:
I DID NOT work
You DID NOT work
He DID NOT work
She DID NOT work
It DID NOT work
We DID NOT work
You DID NOT work
They DID NOT work
A forma contracta DIDN’T também
pode ser utilizada em contextos
informais.
 IRREGULAR VERBS (PAST TENSE)
The past tense of irregular verbs must be
memorized:
 I ATE
 You ATE
 He ATE
 She ATE
 It ATE
 We ATE
 You ATE
 They ATE
Irregular verbs, like regular verbs, have
the same form in all persons.
 IRREGULAR VERBS (PAST TENSE)(cont.)
The past tense of irregular verbs must be memorized:
Leave - Left
Catch - Caught
Take - Took
Break - Broke
Forget - Forgot
Bring - Brought
Sing - Sang
Ring - Rang
Keep - Kept
Fight - Fought
Understand - Understood
Find - Found
Become - Became
Teach - Taught
Send - Sent
Make - Made
Stand - Stood
Buy - Bought
Think - Thought
Lose - Lost
Do - Did
Go - Went
 PAST TENSE (Question Form)
We form question in the PAST TENSE by changing the
verb to its simple form and placing DID before the
subject:
DID I go?
DID you go?
DID he go?
DID she go?
DID it go?
DID we go?
DID you go?
DID they go?
O Simple Future (Futuro Simples), também chamado de Future Simple, é um
tempo verbal usado para expressar ações futuras que irão ocorrer, ou seja,
que ainda não aconteceram.
 O Simple Future Tense pode indicar uma decisão que está sendo tomada no
ato da fala. Além disso, pode expressar um pedido, uma promessa, um aviso, um
convite ou uma oferta.
 Na formação dos tempos futuros em inglês é comum utilizarmos os verbos
modais auxiliares will e shall e a estrutura going to.
 Simple Future (Futuro Simples)
 FUTURE with WILL
We form the FUTURE with WILL and the simple
form of the verb:
I WILL go
You WILL go
He WILL go
She WILL go
It WILL go
We WILL go
You WILL go
They WILL go
NOTE: The contracted forms I’LL, YOU’LL, HE’LL,
SHE’LL, IT’LL, WE’LL and THEY’LL are generally used.
 TO BE (FUTURE with WILL)
We form the future of TO BE with WILL BE:
I WILL be
You WILL be
He WILL be
She WILL be
It WILL be
We WILL be
You WILL be
They WILL be
 FUTURE with WILL (Negative Form)
We form negatives in the future by placing NOT
after will:
I WILL NOT go
You WILL NOT go
He WILL NOT go
She WILL NOT go
It WILL NOT go
We WILL NOT go
You WILL NOT go
They WILL NOT go
The contraction of will not is WON’T:
We WON’T go before Wednesday.
I WON’T be home tonight.
 FUTURE TENSE (Question Form)
We form questions in the future by placing will
before the subject:
WILL I go?
WILL you go?
WILL he go?
WILL she go?
WILL it go?
WILL we go?
WILL you go?
WILL they go?
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 O Present Continuous ou Present Progressive (em português, presente
contínuo ou progressivo) é um tempo verbal usado para indicar ações que estão
em progresso no presente; no momento da fala.
 Ele é empregado para falar sobre situações temporárias, ações contínuas
que estão acontecendo.
 Como as frases com Present Continuous referem situações que ocorrem
no momento da fala, é comum observarmos a utilização de advérbios de tempo
nas frases.
 Alguns advérbios de tempo comumente utilizados são now (agora), at the
moment (no momento) e at present (no presente; atualmente).
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 We form the PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE by placing the appropriate form
of TO BE before the PRESENT PARTICIPLE (ing form) of the main verb:
I AM WORKING
You ARE WORKING
He IS WORKING
She IS WORKING
It IS WORKING
We ARE WORKING
You ARE WORKING
They ARE WORKING
The PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE describes an action
that is going on at the present moment:
He IS TALKING with her now.
It IS RAINING.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Cont.)
The PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE describes an action which goes on now or
at the present moment:
He IS TALKING with her now.
The telephone IS RINGING.
The SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE describes an action that occurs on every day or
all the time:
He talks with her EVERY DAY.
The telephone rings ALL THE TIME.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Negative and
 Question Forms)
 We form NEGATIVES with the PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE by
placing NOT after TO BE:
He is talking with her now.
He IS NOT TALKING with her now.
 We form QUESTIONS with the PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE by
placing TO BE before the SUBJECT:
They are working. She is studying now.
ARE THEY WORKING? IS SHE STUDYING now?
 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
We form the PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE with the PAST TENSE OF TO BE and
the PRESENT PARTICIPLE of the main verb:
I WAS WORKING
You WERE WORKING 
He WAS WORKING
She WAS WORKING 
It WAS WORKING
We WERE WORKING
You WERE WORKING
They WERE WORKING
The PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE describes a past action
which was going on when another action took place:
I was sleeping when you called.
They were eating dinner when we arrived.
 IMPERATIVE FORM
We use the IMPERATIVE FORM to express a COMMAND or REQUEST.
The subject “YOU” (singular or plural) is understood but not
expressed:
(You) Come back later.
(You) Wait outside.
We form the NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE with DO NOT or DON’T before
the verb.
DO NOT come in.
DON’T come in.
We use PLEASE at the beginning or end of an
imperative sentence to make it more polite:
Please, come back later.
Wait outside, please.
Present Perfect
 Viu o título do texto e se interessou, não foi? Isso acontece porque
o present perfect é um dos tempos verbais que mais geram dúvidas entre os
aprendizes de língua inglesa, ou melhor, gerava. O present perfect é, na verdade,
simples de usar quando temos em mente que ele tem estreita relação com o
passado e o presente. 
 Primeiramente, entende-se que esse tempo verbal tem um sentido
indefinido, por causa do uso com ações que terminaram no passado, mas sem
indicação temporal de quando elas acabaram. Em segundo lugar,
o present perfect também pode ter um sentido estável, isto é, para ações que
começaram no passado, mas continuam ou repercutem no presente.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We form the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE with have (has) and the PAST
PARTICIPLE of the main verb:
I HAVE WORKED
You HAVE WORKED
He HAS WORKED
She HAS WORKED
It HAS WORKED
We HAVE WORKED
You HAVE WORKED
They HAVE WORKED
The PRESENT PERFECT TENSE describes an action
that happened at an indefinite time in the past:
I have read that book.
They have moved to Los Angeles
The PRESENT PERFECT TENSE also describes an
action that was repeated several times in the
past:
I have read that book several times.
They have studied this lesson over and over.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (cont.)
Frases que usam o PRESENT PERFECT TENSE nunca mencionam um
tempo exato de ação. Se quisermos mencionar ou simplesmente um
tempo exato para uma ação, usamos o SIMPLES PAST TENSE:
He HAS GONE to New York.
He WENT to New York YESTERDAY.
I HAVE CALLED you several times.
I CALLED you LAST NIGHT.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (cont.)
 Também usamos o present perfect para descrever uma ação que
começou no passado e continuou até o presente:
He has worked here for two years. (He is still working here.)
They have lived here since June. (They are still living here.)
Observe a diferença de significado entre as seguintes frases:
He has worked here for two years. (He is still working here.)
He worked here for two years. (... but he doesn’t work here anymore.)
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (cont.)
We form NEGATIVES with the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE by placing
NOT after HAVE (HAS):
He has NOT gone to New York.
She has NOT studied English.
We form QUESTIONS with the perfect tenses by placing have (has)
before the subject:
HAVE I called you?
HAS she called you?
The contractions HAVEN’T and
HASN’T are generally used.
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