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LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Reading strategies, reading levels and purpose Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Conteúdo Programático desta aula know about reading strategies understand that there are different levels of reading Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Introduction: Hi, students. In this class, you are going to understand the importance of reading strategies for text comprehension while reading texts in foreign languages. When you read a text in English, you may not understand some words. So, what do you generally do? You look up in a dictionary for the words meanings. But texts can be long and you will spend more time than you desired to find these words and their suitable meanings. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA A good comprehension of reading strategies can help you read a text. You should start asking yourselves: Why am I reading this text? There are different strategies to be applied for the answers you may give to the question. You may want to have a quick reading so you apply the skimming strategy. For an objective reading, when you look for specific information, the scanning strategy is perfect. But if you want to read a text in all its details, a thorough reading is recommended. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Activity 1 You are going to study some reading strategies in this lesson. It is necessary that you understand that you read for different purposes. In this activity I will give you the purpose and you will have to choose the best strategy: 1- You want to know at what time a film is going to start so you pick up a newspaper to check it. Which strategy do you need? a- A quick reading ( skimming) b- An objective reading looking for specific information(scanning) c- A deep, complete reading(thorough reading) Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Activity 1 You are going to study some reading strategies in this lesson. It is necessary that you understand that you read for different purposes. In this activity I will give you the purpose and you will have to choose the best strategy: 1- You want to know at what time a film is going to start so you pick up a newspaper to check it. Which strategy do you need? a- A quick reading ( skimming) b- An objective reading looking for specific information(scanning) c- A deep, complete reading(thorough reading) Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA You are reading a book on Economics for a test. Which strategy do you need? a- A deep, complete reading(thorough reading) b- An objective reading looking for specific information(scanning) c- You are reading a book on Economics for a test. Which strategy do you need? Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA You are reading a book on Economics for a test. Which strategy do you need? a- A deep, complete reading(thorough reading) b- An objective reading looking for specific information(scanning) c- You are reading a book on Economics for a test. Which strategy do you need? Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA After lunch, without time to read the articles, you simply take a look at the headlines in a magazine.. Which strategy do you need? a- A deep, complete reading(thorough reading) b- An objective reading looking for specific information(scanning) c- A quick reading ( skimming) Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA After lunch, without time to read the articles, you simply take a look at the headlines in a magazine.. Which strategy do you need? a- A deep, complete reading(thorough reading) b- An objective reading looking for specific information(scanning) c- A quick reading ( skimming) Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA How to use some reading strategies In this lesson, we are going to study about some reading strategies. These reading strategies will help you comprehend the text without searching for the meaning of the words all the time: . Remember that you should not use the dictionary so often. Use the dictionary only to clarify your doubts. In general, 50% of the words in a text are not crucial for the understanding of the general meaning. Observe the sentence below: Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA A Alemanha XXXX exemplo de XXXXXXX pacífica XXXXX diferentes XXXXX e culturas. This sentence mentions a country in Europe, Germany. If we have previous knowledge about Germany, our reading becomes easier. Even though we do not know anything about Germany, we can link the parts, right? So which sentence would best explain the sentence above: A Alemanha é um país que não aceita bem os estrangeiros. A Alemanha é um país onde pessoas de origens distintas convivem pacificamente. You know the right answer is (b), don´t you? Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Now you are going to read about some reading strategies: Prediction (Predição) When you use this strategy, you are able to create hypotheses about the themes you are going to read about in the texts. Afterwards, when you read the texts, you can agree or modify your first impressions about them. When you use this strategy, you are mentally preparing yourself for the reading. Try to understand the title of the text, if there is a one, or search for any other visual clues because they generally function as a summary of the text. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Previous knowledge ( Ativação de Conhecimento Prévio) The process of comprehension of a text also depends on the experiences the reader had had before in life. These experiences will influence the way the reader sees the world and how much of these experiences he is going to use while developing his expectations towards what he is going to read. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Genre (Gênero) When you identify the genre, your reading becomes easier. For example, if you are a reading a sewing machine manual with instructions of how to use it, you do not expect to find words such as “onion” or “tomato”. These words are likely to be found in a recipe. Each kind of text presents characteristics and communicative purposes that make them easy to be identified; the reader knows what he is searching for before reading the text. Let´s consider some of the most common genres: jokes (funny stories), classified ads, news articles, letters, cards, diaries, e-mails, interviews, forms, cartoons, game instructions, lyrics, lists, menus, maps, manuals, short stories, small dialogues, ads, messages, recipes, reports, labels, reference texts (dictionaries). Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Visuals ( Inferência visual) Elements such as titles, dates, subtitles, illustrations, photos, diagrams, charts, bold types, quotation marks, different types of letters, etc. are important to help the reader to make inferences and logical deductions . Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Guessing ( Adivinhar, deduzir, interpretar significados) During the process of a text comprehension writtenin foreign language, the reader should try to understand all unknown words in the context they are employed. Then, we should consider: -the text subject -everything the reader knows about the subject -grammatical relations -parts of the text that the reader has already understood -what is implicit in the text -near words and sentences It is important to remember that to understand a word, it does not necessarily mean you have to know its right translation. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Repeated words ( Palavras repetidas) To recognize the words which are repeated in the text can very often help the reader understand it. Key words ( Palavras-Chave) These specific words are generally associated to the subject which is being discussed in the text Discourse markers ( Marcadores do Discurso) These words are used to connect ideas or to mark the discourse in a text, when you want to exemplify, contrast , compare, add or complement ideas, point out consequences and results, give emphasis or show causes, to summarize or generalize, establish conditions or hypotheses, set time relations. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Nominal groups (Grupos nominais) Nouns are often used as part of large nominal groups. Nominal groups are groups of words that provide more information about people, places or concepts. “The Depression era “ is an example of a nominal group because it includes more information than just the 'thing' itself: Depression classifies the particular era. Nominal groups are important because they typically provide the content in a text (what something is about); in academic writing this content can be very sophisticated, abstract and complex. Some examples of nominal groups are “the major policy priority”, “the rate of economic growth”. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Affixes (Afixos) The knowledge of the process of word formation can help readers to deduce meanings. In general, prefixes have the function to alter the word meanings while suffixes determine grammatical classes. A lot of affixes have either greek or latin origin, being this way transparent words. Contextual Reference (Referência contextual) There are words and expressions which are used to link ideas in a given context to promote cohesion and coherence. These words can refer to a word or idea previously mentioned in other parts of the text to avoid repetition. They can be personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, some relative pronouns, etc. I have five English books and these Spanish ones. The boy who spoke is my friend. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Cognates ( Cognatos ou Palavras Transparentes) Researchers who study first and second language Acquisition have found that students benefit from cognate awareness. Cognate awareness is the ability to use cognates in a primary language as a tool for understanding a second language. Children can be taught to use cognates as early as preschool. As students move up the grade levels, they can be introduced to more sophisticated cognates, and to cognates that have multiple meanings in both languages, although some of some of those meanings may not overlap. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA An example: 1- Making an argument: expressing a point of view and supporting it with facts and evidence 2- Argument: I´m tired of having arguments with my wife Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Dictionary Use ( Uso do dicionário) The dictionary must be used as the last resource., that is, only if the word is a key word, if it does not make part of your previous knowledge, if it is not a cognate, if it cannot be deduced from context or if it has multiple meanings. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Different levels of reading We have three levels of reading: pre-reading, reading and pos-reading. The pre-reading activate the previous knowledge of the students in relation to the knowledge of the world: exploit the title, drawings, graphs, figures, author, source, lexical items ( Once upon a time), textual organization, the purposes. The reading -is a phase in which the student has to project his knowledge of the world and textual organization in the systemic elements of the text. It is important for the student to know how to use strategies to link one information to another, to establish cohesive bonds and to employ inference strategies. The pos-reading is a level in which the main focus is based on the relationship of the student´s world with the author´s ideas. Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA Activity 2 Choose the option which best suits the concepts: 1- The “top-down” process a- is an inductive and linear process b- makes us direct our attention to vocabulary c- builds the meaning through analysis and synthesis d- makes us use structural elements e- is a non linear and deductive process Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 2- In the pre-reading level you: a- activate the previous knowledge of the student. b- are based on the relationship of the student´s world with the author´s ideas. c- link one information to the other d- establish cohesive bonds e- employ forms to understand the text Tema da Apresentação READING STRATEGIES, READING LEVELS AND PURPOSES LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 3- Identify the word which does not refer to genre: a- manual b- lists c- menus d- scanning e- maps Tema da Apresentação
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