Aula - Hidrologia

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A HIDROSFERA
Dr. Francisco Sergio 
Bernardes Ladeira
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O CICLO HIDROLÓGICO
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Figure 14.20
e.g. flat-laying or homogeneous rocks
Dendritic Drainage Pattern
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Figure 14.20
Rectangular Drainage Pattern
e.g. jointed or faulted rocks
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Figure 14.20
e.g. folded layered rocks
Trellis Drainage Pattern
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Figure 14.20
e.g. volcano or dome
Radial Drainage Pattern
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Figure 14.6
Waterfall formed by 
headward erosion
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Figure 14.9
Meandering River in Alaska
Point Bar
Meandering channel
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Figure 14.9b
Braided River in Alaska
Braided channels
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Figure 14.9
Meandering Streams
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Figure 14.9
…eventually results in meander cutoffs
and the formation of oxbow lakes.
Oxbow Lake
Point Bars
Meander Cutoff
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Figure 14.9
Meanders in the Mississippi River delta
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Porosity
The percent void space in a rock or sediment.
It is a measure of the potential volume of water that can be stored in a rock.
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Permeability
The ability of a material to transmit a fluid.
It is a measure of how fast the fluid can travel through the rock or sediment
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Figure 13.7
 Porosity 
 varies with
 
% Cement
Sorting
Fracturing
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Figure 13.7
Porosity Varies with % Cement
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Figure 13.7
Porosity Varies with Sorting
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Figure 13.7
MORE POROUS
LESS POROUS
 Fractured Shale
 Unfractured Shale
Porosity Varies with Fracturing
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Figure 13.8
Unsaturated Zone:
Pores include both air and water
Saturated Zone:
Pores filled with water
Groundwater Table
Unconfined Aquifer
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Figure 13.12
Formation of a Cone of Depression
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Figure 13.13
Fissures and depressions
caused by 
ground subsidence 
due to overpumping
of groundwater
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Figure 13.19
Some Major Features of a Karst Landscape
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Figure 13.18
The Winter Park Sinkhole, Florida
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Figure 13.14
Dynamics of the 
Saltwater - Fresh Water Interface
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Figure 13.20
Some Human Activities that Can 
Contaminate Groundwater
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Figure 14.10
Low Natural Levee
Building a Floodplain, One Flood at a Time
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Figure 14.10
Overbank flow results in the 
flooding of the floodplain
Decreased flow velocity
results in deposition of
suspended sediment
Building a Floodplain, One Flood at a Time
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Figure 14.10
Building a Floodplain, One Flood at a Time
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Box 14.1
Life on the Floodplain!