LIES2_01

Esta é uma pré-visualização de arquivo. Entre para ver o arquivo original

LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Prof. Fábio Simas
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento)
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Conteúdo programático
this class you are going to:
Analyze the types of prepositions and their use;
Study the semantic meaning of the prepositions;
Study the definition of Prepositional Phrases and their meanings.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
INTRODUÇÃO DA AULA!!!
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
Hello everybody!
 
Anybody who has tried to learn another language knows the importance of prepositions, and how frustrating they can be to properly use. Prepositions are often very small words – like in, of, as, by, for, or to. But a preposition can be the most important word for understanding some sentences. 
A preposition is a connector that introduces a prepositional phrase. It usually connects a noun or noun phrase to the part of the sentence modified by the whole prepositional phrase, and it shows the relation between the two.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
Even advanced learners of English find prepositions difficult, as a 1:1 translation is usually not possible. One preposition in your native language might have several translations depending on the situation. There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary, reading a lot in English (literature) and learning useful phrases off by heart.
The woman in the blue coat is looking for her dog. The above sentence contains a prepositional phrase: "in the blue coat". A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition, such as "in" or "for" and ends with a noun. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
There are hundreds of different prepositions, so they are very commonly used and very important to understand. Why are prepositional phrases important? They provide important information on location, descriptions of people and things, relationships, time, and ideas.
The best way to learn how to use prepositional phrases is to read English. Over time you will learn how they are used and which ones to use. For now, we will take a closer look at this subject and see some examples of the most common preposition and their use in a prepositional phrase.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Prepositions (or more generally adpositions) are a grammatically distinct class of words whose most central members characteristically express spatial or temporal relations (such as the words in, under, towards, before) or serve to mark various syntactic functions and semantic roles (such as the words of, for).In that the primary function is relational, a preposition typically combines with another constituent (called its complement) to form a prepositional phrase, relating the complement to the context in which the phrase occurs.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
The word preposition comes from Latin, a language in which such a word is usually placed before its complement. (Thus it is pre-positioned.) In many languages, the words with this grammatical function come after, not before, the complement. Such words are then commonly called postpositions. Similarly, circumpositions consist of two parts that appear on both sides of the complement. The technical term used to refer collectively to prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions is adposition. Some linguists use the word "preposition" instead of "adposition" for all three cases. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
Prepositions like in, beside, above, and out of all tell where, and are usually used with nouns or pronouns. Some examples with the phrases underlined: "The man sat close to his wife. He put his arm around her shoulder. Then he kissed her on the cheek.“
Prepositions like right after, until, during, and before all tell when. "Mr. Prasad had an important meeting until ten o'clock. During the meeting, his cell phone rang. It was his wife. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
She asked him to come straight home right after work."
The prepositions of and to are used to show possession, or belonging-to: "This book belongs to Vlad. The cover of the book is torn.“
Throughout the history of the English language, new prepositions have come into use, old ones have fallen out of use, and the meanings of existing prepositions have changed. The prepositions generally remain a closed class.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
II - CLASSIFICATION
II.1 CLASSIFICATION BY TYPE
SIMPLE VS. COMPLEX
Simple adpositions consist of a single word, while complex adpositions consist of a group of words that act as one unit. Some examples of complex prepositions in English are:
in spite of, with respect to, except for, by dint of (because of), next to
 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
II. 2CLASSIFICATION BY POSITION
The position of an adposition with respect to its complement allows the following subclasses to be defined:
PREPOSITION - A preposition precedes its complement to form a prepositional phrase.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
POSTPOSITION - A postposition follows its complement to form a postpositional phrase.
Ago as in "five years ago", (sometimes considered an adverb rather than a postposition)
Apart as in "this apart", also used prepositionally ("apart from this")
Aside as in "such examples aside", also used prepositionally ("aside from such examples")
Away as in "five light years away", (sometimes considered an adverb or an adjective rather than a postposition)
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
Hence as in "five years hence" (sometimes considered an adverb rather than a postposition)
Notwithstanding (in spite of) as in “The teams played on, notwithstanding the rain.”
On as in "five years on".
Through as in "the whole night through".
 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
CIRCUMPOSITION - A circumposition consists of two or more parts and it is positioned on both sides of the main word. It is usually straightforward to establish whether an adposition precedes or follows its complement. In some cases, the complement may not appear in a typical position. For example, in preposition stranding constructions, the complement appears before the preposition:
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AMBIPOSITIONS - Some adpositions can appear on either side of their complement; these can be called ambipositions:
INTERPOSITION - Melis (2003) proposes the descriptive term interposition for adpositions in the structures such as the following:
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA
SINTÁTICA II
 
MISCONCEPTION: A sentence must not end in a preposition. Mignon Fogarty ("Grammar Girl") says, "nearly all grammarians agree that it's fine to end sentences with prepositions, at least in some cases." Fowler's Modern English Usage says that "One of the most persistent myths about prepositions in English is that they properly belong before the word or words they govern and should not be placed at the end of a clause or sentence. Preposition stranding (using the preposition at the end of a sentence) was in use long before any English speakers considered it to be incorrect. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
This idea probably began in the 17th century, owing to an essay by the poet John Dryden, and it is still taught in schools today. But, "every major grammarian for more than a century has tried to debunk" this idea; "it's perfectly natural to put a preposition at the end of a sentence, and it has been since Anglo-Saxon times." "Great literature from Chaucer to Milton to Shakespeare to the King James version of the Bible was full of so called terminal prepositions." 
Winston Churchill is said to have written, "This is the sort of English up with which I will not put," illustrating the awkwardness that would result from a rule against the use of terminal prepositions. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
However, the attribution of this quote to Churchill is almost certainly apocryphal. 
The example is also not a perfect example, because in that sentence, up is a particle of the verb "put", rather than a true preposition. A correct rearrangement would be “This is the sort of English with which I will not put up” (preposition in bold), which still sounds awkward, at least in casual speech.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
When Can a Sentence End with a Preposition?
English has a type of verb called a phrasal verb. These are verbs made up of multiple words, and one is always a preposition. “Cheer up,” “run over,” “log on,” and “leave off” are all examples of phrasal verbs, and often sentences that use phrasal verbs end with a preposition: 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
It’s also OK to end a sentence with a preposition sometimes even when you aren’t using a phrasal verb. For example, although you could rewrite the following sentences to avoid ending them with a preposition, you don’t need to. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
When Can't You End a Sentence with a Preposition?
But, you can't always end sentences with prepositions. When you could leave off the preposition and it wouldn't change the meaning, you should leave it off. Here is a cell phone commercial:   
The problem is that “Where are you at?” doesn't need the preposition at the end. If you say “Where are you?” it means the same thing. So the "at" is unnecessary. You should leave it off. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byszemY8Pl8
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
II -3CLASSIFICATION BY SEMANTIC 
Adpositions can be used to express a wide range of semantic relations between their complement and the rest of the context. The following list is not an exhaustive classification:
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Spatial (place) relations: location (inclusion, exclusion, proximity), direction (origin, path, endpoint): About, above, across, amid (amidst), among (amongst), at, against, be low, beneath, beside, between , beyond, by, in, on, over, under (underneath), upon, round or around, without, behind, up, throughout, to, towards, down, from (away from, down from, from out, etc.), off, out of, at the back of, at the bottom of, at the top of, in the corner of, in the middle of, next to, to the left of, on the other side of, to the right of, on the side of, on top of, opposite, in, within, into
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Temporal (time) relations: After, during, pending, till or until; at, between, by, about, on, within, etc.
Comparison (similarity): like
Material: of, with
Agent: by, with
Instrument or means: of, with, by, through (the wormhole, the manhole)
Manner: by, on, in, with
Source or cause: Because of, by reason of, on account of, for, from
Purpose: to, for
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Reference: Concerning, respecting, regarding
Measure: by, of
Opposition: Against
Exclusion or separation: Besides, but, except, save, without, excepting
Duration: For, while, during, since, till, by, between, throughout
Concession: In spite of, despite
Accompaniment: with
Association: of
In the capacity of: as
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Other Examples:
The book is on the desk.(place or position)
The boy ran toward the house.(direction)
The man arrived at ten o'clock.(time)
He travels by train. (manner)
The book was written by him.(agent)
This poem was written by Walt Whitman. (agent or instrument)
The new wing of the building is almost completed. (association)
I want three quarts of milk and a pound of cheese. (measure)
We heard the news of your promotion from Bill. (association)
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Take a look at this site for more information about 
this subject:
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Subclasses of spatial adpositions
Spatial adpositions can be divided into two main classes, namely directional and static ones. A directional adposition usually involves motion along a path over time, but can also denote a non-temporal path. Examples of directional adpositions include to, from, towards, into, along and through.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
A static adposition normally does not involve movement. Examples of these include at, in, on, beside, behind, under and above.
Directional adpositions differ from static ones in that they normally can't combine with a copula to yield a predicate, though there are some exceptions to this, as in Bob is from Australia, which may perhaps be thought of as special uses.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Directional spatial adpositions can only combine with verbs that involve motion; static prepositions can combine with other verbs as well.
When a static adposition combines with a motion verb, it sometimes takes on a directional meaning. The following sentence can either mean that Bob jumped around in the water, or else that he jumped so that he ended up in the water.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
II -4 CLASSIFICATION BY COMPLEMENT
Prepositional phrases generally act as complements and adjuncts of noun phrases (adjectives)
and verb phrases (indirect object, prepositional object or adverbs). For example:
The man from China was enjoying his noodles. (Adjunct of a noun phrase - adjective) 
A student of physics. (Complement of a noun phrase - adjective) 
She ran under him. (Adjunct of a verb phrase - adverb) 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
She argued with him. (Complement of a verb phrase – prepositional object) 
She handed the money to me. (Complement of a verb phrase – indirect object) 
Give this man your name. (Complement of a verb phrase – indirect object with preposition understood)
We haven’t talked about that until after supper (Complement of another preposition) 
He is attentive to her needs (Complement of an adjective phrase – noun complement)
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Let’s analyze: The boy from the shop is waiting at the corner
from the shop: The head of this prepositional phrase is the preposition from. The function of the phrase is adjectival - it does the work of an adjective by describing the noun boy. It modifies the noun, answering the question: which boy? 
at the corner: The head of this prepositional phrase is the preposition at. The function of the phrase is adverbial - it does the work of an adverb by modifying the verb waiting. 
It answers the question: where is he waiting? 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Let's dispense with the formalities. 
ere the words dispense and with complement one another, functioning as a unit to mean forego, and they share the direct object (the formalities). The verb dispense would not have this meaning without the word with to complement it.
{In the cellar} was chosen as the best place to hide the bodies.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
III -OVERLAPS WITH OTHER CATEGORIES
CONJUNCTIONS
A preposition initiates a noun, adjective or adverb, whereas a conjunction initiates a clause:
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
ADVERBS
Prepositions will always take an object, adverbs do not. You test for an object by asking the question, What? after the word in question. If it has an object, it is a preposition, if it doesn't, it is an adverb.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Analyze:
prep. (In spite of, despite) 
The teams played on, notwithstanding the rain.
I am going for a walk notwithstanding the rain.
adv. (All the same; nevertheless) 
We proceeded, notwithstanding.
I shall carry on, their disapproval notwithstanding.
We shall get the documents to you, the postal strike notwithstanding.
conj.( In spite of the fact that; despite the fact that, although.) 
I am going for a walk, notwithstanding the fact that it is raining.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
PARTICLES
Phrasal verbs in English are composed of a verb and a "particle" that also looks like an intransitive preposition. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
IMPORTANT:
Some verbs need a preposition before an object or another verb. The preposition is only grammatical, it doesn't change the meaning of the verb. A prepositional phrase should not be confused with the sequence formed by the particle and the direct object of a phrasal verb, as in turn on the light. This sequence is structurally distinct from a prepositional phrase. In this case, "on" and "the light" do not form a unit; they combine independently with the verb "turn". A word that looks like a preposition but is actually part of a verb is called a Particle.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Four armed men held up the bank. (Held up is a verb meaning “to rob.”)
Therefore, up is not a preposition, and bank is not the object of a preposition.
Instead, bank is the direct object of the verb held up.
 
To avoid confusing prepositions with particles, test by moving the word (up) and words following it to the front of the sentence: Up the bank four armed men held.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
If the resulting sentence does not make sense, then the word belongs with the verb and is a particle, not a preposition.
Note the difference:
We ran up the hill.
Test: Up the hill we ran.
The resulting sentence makes sense.  Therefore, up is a preposition.
 
We ran up the bill. (to run up = to accumulate indebtedness)
Test: Up the bill we ran.
The resulting sentence does not make sense.  Therefore, up is a particle in this sentence. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Other examples:
1. He came by the office in a hurry (by = preposition)
He came by his fortune honestly (by = particle)
 
2. She turned up that street (up = preposition)
She turned up her nose (up = particle)
 
3. Tom lived down the street (down = preposition)
We finally lived down that accident (down = particle)
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
WORD CHOICE
The choice of preposition (or postposition) in a sentence is often idiomatic, and may depend either on the verb preceding it or on the noun which it governs: it is often not clear from the sense which preposition is appropriate. Different languages and regional dialects often have different conventions. Learning the conventionally preferred word is a matter of exposure to examples. For example, most dialects of American English have "to wait in line", but some have "to wait on line". Because of this, prepositions are often cited as one of the most difficult aspects of a language to learn, for both non-native speakers and native speakers. 
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Where an adposition is required in one language, it may not be in another. In translations, adpositions must be dealt with on a case-by-case basis, and one may be either supplied or omitted. For instance:
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
BRITISH Vs. AMERICAN
1.All and all of
Before a noun with a determiner (e.g. the, this, my), all and all of are both possible in British English. American English usually has all of.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
2) Expressions with prepositions and particles
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
3) Informal use of like
In an informal style, like is often used instead of as if/though, especially in American English. This is not considered correct in a formal style.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
4) On
In American English, it is common to leave out on before the days of the week.
British people say at the weekend; Americans say on the weekend.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
5) In and for
In American English, in can be used, like for, to talk about periods up to the present.
(British English only for).
IV -UNNECESSARY PREPOSITIONS
In everyday speech, we fall into some bad habits, using prepositions where they are not necessary. It would be a good idea to eliminate these words altogether, but we must be especially careful not to use them in formal, academic prose.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
V - PREPOSITIONS IN PARALLEL FORM
When two words or phrases are used in parallel and require the same preposition to be idiomatically correct, the preposition does not have to be used twice.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
However, when the idiomatic use of phrases calls for different prepositions, we must be careful not to omit one of them.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
VI - PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Prepositions are words which begin prepositional phrases. A prepositional phrase is a group of words containing a preposition, a noun or pronoun object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the object. A preposition sits in front of (is “pre-positioned” before) its object.
The bolded phrases are examples of prepositional phrases in English:
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
The prepositional phrase in this sentence is composed of two parts: a preposition and a noun phrase. The preposition is in the head position, and the noun phrase is in the complement position. 
After several minutes, we located the key for the door.
after several minutes = prepositional phrase
after = preposition
several minutes = object of preposition
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
The flock of tiny swallows flew over the trees near the lake
a) of tiny swallows = prepositional phrase
of = preposition
tiny swallows = object of preposition
b) over the trees = prepositional phrase
over = preposition
the trees = object of preposition
c) near the lake = prepositional phrase
near = preposition
the lake = object of preposition
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
DO NOT CONFOUND OBJECT OF PREPOSITION AND DIRECT OBJECT:
Compare:
 We drove to the store
To the store is a prepositional phrase.
Store is the object of the preposition to, not the direct object of the verb drove.
 
We drove our car to the grocery store.
Car is the direct object of the verb drove.
To the grocery store is a prepositional phrase.
Aula 1: Preposições e sintagma preposicional (revisão e aprofundamento) 
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
In this class, you:
Analyzed the types of prepositions and their use;
Studied the semantic meaning of the prepositions. 
Studied the definition of Prepositional Phrases and their meanings.