16 present perfect

Prévia do material em texto

 Os Perfect Tenses são formados com 
o presente simples do verbo to have 
(have/has), que, neste caso, funciona 
como verbo auxiliar, seguido do 
particípio passado do verbo principal. 
 
 She has gone to Europe. 
 They have studied Spanish. 
 O particípio passado dos verbos 
regulares tem a mesma forma que o 
passado, ou seja, terminam em -ed 
e o dos verbos irregulares tem forma 
própria. Sendo assim, é necessário 
estudá-los um a um. 
 
I HAVE WORKED HARD 
YOU HAVE WORKED HARD 
HE HAS WORKED HARD 
SHE HAS WORKED HARD 
IT HAS WORKED HARD 
WE HAVE WORKED HARD 
YOU HAVE WORKED HARD 
THEY HAVE WORKED HARD 
 I have bought new clothes. 
 (Comprei roupas novas.) 
 
 She has broken her leg. 
 (Ela quebrou a perna.) 
 
 He has had a terrible headache. 
 (Ele teve uma dor de cabeça terrível.) 
 
 
 They have finished the homework. 
 (Eles terminaram a lição de casa.) 
 
 That rabbit has appeared on our garden. 
(Aquele coelho apareceu em nosso 
jardim.) 
I’VE WORKED HARD 
YOU’VE WORKED HARD 
HE’S WORKED HARD 
SHE’S WORKED HARD 
IT’S WORKED HARD 
WE’VE WORKED HARD 
YOU’VE WORKED HARD 
THEY’VE WORKED HARD 
 She's been here. (She has been here.) 
(Ela esteve aqui.) 
 
 We've worked a lot. (We have worked a lot) 
(Nós trabalhamos muito.) 
 
 He's studied law. (He has studied law.) 
(Ele estudou Direito.) 
 
 
Na Forma Interrogativa do Present 
Perfect, o verbo have/has, que funciona 
como verbo auxiliar, posiciona-se antes 
do sujeito: 
 
 Have you already talked to your boss? 
 (Você já falou com o seu chefe?) 
 
 Has she found her purse? 
 (Ela encontrou a bolsa dela?) 
 
 Have they lived in London? 
 (Eles moraram em Londres?) 
 
 Have you ever been in the United States? 
(Você já esteve nos Estados Unidos?) 
 
A Forma Negativa do Present Perfect 
forma-se acrescentando not ao verbo 
auxiliar have/has: 
 
 They have not heard what I've told. 
(Eles não escutaram o que eu falei.) 
 
 You have not eaten anything so far. 
 (Você não comeu nada até agora.) 
 
 We have not done our homework. 
 (Não fizemos nossa lição de casa.) 
 
 she has not solved the problem yet. 
 (Ela ainda não resolveu o problema) 
 
 
 We haven't seen this movie yet. 
 (Ainda não vimos este filme.) 
 
 Susan hasn't bought a car. 
 (Susan não comprou um carro.) 
 
 They haven't believed her. 
 (Eles não acreditaram nela.) 
 
 O Present Perfect é usado para: 
 
1. Referir-se a ações que ocorreram em 
um tempo indefinido no PASSADO (Não 
confunda o nome com o tempo, o 
tempo chama-se Present Perfect, mas 
expressa uma ação ocorrida no 
passado): 
 
 She has cut herself. (Ela se cortou.) 
 
 She has fallen down the stairs. 
 (Ela caiu das escadas.) 
 
 You have forgotten to call me. 
 (Você esqueceu de me ligar.) 
 
 Someone has left the door open. 
(Alguém deixou a porta aberta.) 
 
2. O Present Perfect é usado com os 
seguintes advérbios: 
 
a) just - para indicar que as ações que 
ocorreram em um passado bem recente: 
 
 We have just known each other. 
(Acabamos de nos conhecer.) 
 
 I have just seen your sister. 
 (Acabei de ver sua irmã.) 
 
 They have just arrived from France. 
 (Eles acabaram de chegar da França.) 
 
b) already (já) - para indicar que a ação 
já ocorreu. É usado apenas em frases 
afirmativas e interrogativas e é 
posicionado sempre antes do verbo 
principal: 
 
 She has already arrived home. 
 (Eles já chegaram em casa.) 
 
 Have you already read this book? 
 (Você já leu este livro?) 
 
 They have already gone to the party. 
 (Eles já foram à festa.) 
 
 I’ve already seen this movie. 
 (Eu já vi este filme.) 
 
 Have you already done the exercises? 
 (Você já fez os exercícios?) 
 
c) yet (já; ainda) - Usado em frases 
interrogativas significa já, e em frases 
negativas é usado com sentido de 
ainda. Posiciona-se sempre no final da 
frase, nas orações negativas ele é 
empregado para dizer que a ação ainda 
não ocorreu: 
 
 We have not decided our topic yet. 
(Ainda não decidimos o nosso tópico.) 
 
 Have you talked to your teacher yet? 
 (Você já falou com a sua professora?) 
 
 She has not come from lunch yet. 
 (Ela ainda não voltou do almoço.) 
 
 They haven’t eaten yet. 
 (Eles ainda não comeram.) 
 
 
d) never (nunca) - é usado para 
indicar que algo não aconteceu: 
 
 She’s never forgotten you. 
 (Ela nunca esqueceu você.) 
 
 They have never been here. 
 (Eles nunca estiveram aqui.) 
 
 I’ve never seen this movie. 
 (Eu nunca vi este filme.) 
 
e) ever (já; alguma vez) - é usado para 
saber se aquela ação já aconteceu alguma 
vez. Geralmente é usado em perguntas: 
 
 Have you ever traveled abroad? 
 (Você já viajou para o exterior?) 
 
 Has she ever been in Salvador? 
 (Ela já esteve em Salvador alguma vez?) 
 
VEJA! (not+ever=never) 
 
 I haven’t ever gone to Europe. 
 (Eu nunca fui à Europa.) 
 
 He hasn’t ever read that book. 
 (Ele nunca leu aquele livro.) 
• Ever - também é usado com o 
superlativo para indicar que algo é o 
maior, o melhor, o mais interessante 
que alguém já viu, leu, fez, trabalhou, 
etc. 
 
 He is the busiest man I have ever 
known. 
 (Ele é o homem mais ocupado que já 
 conheci.) 
 
f) lately (ultimamente) e recently 
(recentemente) - esses advérbios são 
posicionados no final da oração: 
 
 Have you visited your relatives in Rio 
lately? 
 (Você tem visitado seus parentes no 
 Rio ultimamente?) 
 
 I haven't gone to the movies lately. 
 (Não tenho ido ao cinema ultimamente.) 
 
 Have they come here recently? 
 (Eles vieram aqui recentemente?) 
 
 She has moved recently. 
 (Ela se mudou recentemente.) 
 
3. Expressar ações que começaram no 
passado e se prolongam até o presente. 
Nestes casos, é muito comum aparecer 
since e for: 
 
 I have been here since yesterday. 
 (Estou aqui desde ontem.) 
 
 She has worked here for 5 years. 
 (Ela trabalha aqui há cinco anos.) 
 
 They have lived here since 1999. 
 (Eles moram aqui desde 1999.) 
 
 We have lived here for 10 years. 
 (Moramos aqui há dez anos.) 
 
 Many things have changed since last 
summer. 
 (Muitas coisas mudaram desde o verão 
 passado.) 
 
Present Perfect x Simple Past 
 
O Simple Past refere-se apenas a ações passadas que acabaram 
em um tempo definido no passado: 
 
I went to the park last weekend. (Simple Past) 
 
O Present Perfect pode expressar ações passadas que 
acabaram em um tempo não definido no passado ou ações que 
ainda não terminaram: 
 
I have worked hard. (Present Perfect) 
They have been here since midday. (Present Perfect) 
EXERCISES 
1. __________ he do the work last night? 
 
a) Did 
b) Does 
c) Have 
d) Has 
e) Do 
 
1. __________ he do the work last night? 
 
a) Did 
b) Does 
c) Have 
d) Has 
e) Do 
 
2. Life is so dull! I ________ anything 
interesting happen to me in ages! 
 
a) had 
b) have not 
c) have had 
d) don't have 
e) haven't had 
2. Life is so dull! I ________ anything 
interesting happen to me in ages! 
 
a) had 
b) have not 
c) have had 
d) don't have 
e) haven't had 
3. Indique a resposta certa para “Has he 
heard the news?” 
 
a) No, I didn't. 
b) No, I haven't heard the news. 
c) No, he hasn't. 
d) No, I haven't.e) No, you haven't. 
3. Indique a resposta certa para “Has he 
heard the news?” 
 
a) No, I didn't. 
b) No, I haven't heard the news. 
c) No, he hasn't. 
d) No, I haven't. 
e) No, you haven't. 
4. Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que 
preenche corretamente as lacunas da frase abaixo: 
 
Sandy: Hi, Jack. 
Jack: Hi, Sandy. 
Sandy: Gosh! I __________ you for ages! 
Jack: That's true. I __________ from a trip to Japan 
 just yesterday. 
 
a) saw – am returning 
b) saw – returned 
c) have seen – have returned 
d) haven't seen – returned 
e) haven't seen – have returned 
4. Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que 
preenche corretamente as lacunas da frase abaixo: 
 
Sandy: Hi, Jack. 
Jack: Hi, Sandy. 
Sandy: Gosh! I __________ you for ages! 
Jack: That's true. I __________ from a trip to Japan 
 just yesterday. 
 
a) saw – am returning 
b) saw – returned 
c) have seen – have returned 
d) haven't seen – returned 
e) haven't seen – have returned 
5. Assinale a alternativa que preenche a 
lacuna: 
 Have you _______ the correct alternative? 
 
a) choose 
b) chosen 
c) choosed 
d) chose 
e) chase 
 
5. Assinale a alternativa que preenche a 
lacuna: 
 Have you _______ the correct alternative? 
 
a) choose 
b) chosen 
c) choosed 
d) chose 
e) chase 
 
6. Assinale a alternativa que preenche as 
lacunas da frase a seguir: 
 He __________ learning English five years 
ago but he__________ it yet. 
 
a) has started – does not learn 
b) started – has not learned 
c) has started – learn 
d) started – have not learned 
e) have started – did not learn 
6. Assinale a alternativa que preenche as 
lacunas da frase a seguir: 
 He __________ learning English five years 
ago but he__________ it yet. 
 
a) has started – does not learn 
b) started – has not learned 
c) has started – learn 
d) started – have not learned 
e) have started – did not learn 
7. Assinale a alternativa correta: 
 
a) I live here since 1970. 
b) I living here since 1970. 
c) I have lived here since 1970. 
d) I will live here since 1970. 
e) I was live here since 1970. 
7. Assinale a alternativa correta: 
 
a) I live here since 1970. 
b) I living here since 1970. 
c) I have lived here since 1970. 
d) I will live here since 1970. 
e) I was live here since 1970. 
8. We're still waiting for Bill. He ________ 
yet. 
 
a) hasn't come 
b) haven't come 
c) didn't come 
d) doesn't come 
e) hadn't come 
8. We're still waiting for Bill. He ________ 
yet. 
 
a) hasn't come 
b) haven't come 
c) didn't come 
d) doesn't come 
e) hadn't come 
9. Assinale a alternativa correta: 
 Have you __________ my Uncle Jack? 
 
a) not meet 
b) meets 
c) meeting 
d) met 
e) meet 
9. Assinale a alternativa correta: 
 Have you __________ my Uncle Jack? 
 
a) not meet 
b) meets 
c) meeting 
d) met 
e) meet 
10. "Since 1985 the Shop __________ a Company 
limited by guarantee with charitable status; its 
aim is primarily to relieve poverty in developing 
countries". 
 (Panfleto da loja ONE WORLD SHOP, em Edimburgo, Escócia) 
 – A alternativa que melhor preenche a lacuna 
do texto acima é: 
 
a) is 
b) was 
c) had been 
d) have been 
e) has been 
10. "Since 1985 the Shop __________ a Company 
limited by guarantee with charitable status; its 
aim is primarily to relieve poverty in developing 
countries". 
 (Panfleto da loja ONE WORLD SHOP, em Edimburgo, Escócia) 
 – A alternativa que melhor preenche a lacuna 
do texto acima é: 
 
a) is 
b) was 
c) had been 
d) have been 
e) has been 
11. Se o sujeito da oração "Machines HAVE 
already CONVERGED" estivesse no singular e 
fosse mantido o tempo do verbo, a forma 
verbal destacada: 
 
a) ficaria inalterada. 
b) seria trocada por "had converged". 
c) se transformaria em "is being converged". 
d) seria substituída por "has converged". 
e) passaria para "is converging". 
11. Se o sujeito da oração "Machines HAVE 
already CONVERGED" estivesse no singular e 
fosse mantido o tempo do verbo, a forma 
verbal destacada: 
 
a) ficaria inalterada. 
b) seria trocada por "had converged". 
c) se transformaria em "is being converged". 
d) seria substituída por "has converged". 
e) passaria para "is converging". 
12. The same verb tense used in “The jokes 
haven't stopped yet” is appropriately used in: 
 
a) The books have been read last week. 
b) They've done that before. 
c) The noise has stopped when I went to bed. 
d) The film has started at 6:00 p.m. before long. 
e) We've seen each other the night before. 
12. The same verb tense used in “The jokes 
haven't stopped yet” is appropriately used in: 
 
a) The books have been read last week. 
b) They've done that before. 
c) The noise has stopped when I went to bed. 
d) The film has started at 6:00 p.m. before long. 
e) We've seen each other the night before. 
13. Some men _________ no jobs lately. 
 
a) haven’t found 
b) have found 
c) doesn’t find 
d) has found 
e) haven’t finded 
13. Some men _________ no jobs lately. 
 
a) haven’t found 
b) have found 
c) doesn’t find 
d) has found 
e) haven’t finded 
14. Which is the correct form? 
 
a) Have ever you been in England? 
b) Has you ever been in England? 
c) Have you ever been to England? 
d) Have you been ever in England? 
e) Have you ever be to England? 
14. Which is the correct form? 
 
a) Have ever you been in England? 
b) Has you ever been in England? 
c) Have you ever been to England? 
d) Have you been ever in England? 
e) Have you ever be to England? 
15. Lucy: How is your hotel? 
 Sally: Great! It's the best hotel I __________ in. 
 Lucy: Is Ben __________ the holiday? 
 Sally: Ben is really __________. You know, the last time 
we _______ to London was 10 years ago and the city _______ 
a lot since then. 
 
 – Choose the best option to complete the conversation: 
 
a) stayed/enjoying/pleasing/have come/have changed 
b) stay/enjoyed/pleased/come/changed 
c) ever stayed/enjoying/pleased/have come/have changed 
d) have ever stay/enjoying/pleased/came/changed 
e) have ever stayed/enjoying/pleased/came/has changed 
15. Lucy: How is your hotel? 
 Sally: Great! It's the best hotel I __________ in. 
 Lucy: Is Ben __________ the holiday? 
 Sally: Ben is really __________. You know, the last time 
we _______ to London was 10 years ago and the city _______ 
a lot since then. 
 
 – Choose the best option to complete the conversation: 
 
a) stayed/enjoying/pleasing/have come/have changed 
b) stay/enjoyed/pleased/come/changed 
c) ever stayed/enjoying/pleased/have come/have changed 
d) have ever stay/enjoying/pleased/came/changed 
e) have ever stayed/enjoying/pleased/came/has changed 
16. We've been here _______ nine o'clock. 
 
a) for 
b) lately 
c) since 
d) recently 
e) at 
 
 
16. We've been here _______ nine o'clock. 
 
a) for 
b) lately 
c) since 
d) recently 
e) at 
 
 
17. In which sentence is the Present 
Perfect put in correctly? 
 
a) Emily has losed her handbag. 
b) Emily has lost her handbag. 
c) Emily have lost her handbag. 
d) Emily hasn’t losten her handbag. 
e) Emily has not her handbag. 
17. In which sentence is the Present 
Perfect put in correctly? 
 
a) Emily has losed her handbag. 
b) Emily has lost her handbag.c) Emily have lost her handbag. 
d) Emily hasn’t losten her handbag. 
e) Emily has not her handbag. 
18. I ______ to the new Tom Waits CD yet. 
 
a) didn’t listen 
b) have listened 
c) listened 
d) haven’t listened 
e) has listened 
 
18. I ______ to the new Tom Waits CD yet. 
 
a) didn’t listen 
b) have listened 
c) listened 
d) haven’t listened 
e) has listened 
 
19. _______ Daniel and Tina _______ the 
exercises? 
 
a) Has / yet done 
b) Have / lately done 
c) Has / already done 
d) Have / recently done 
e) Have / already done 
19. _______ Daniel and Tina _______ the 
exercises? 
 
a) Has / yet done 
b) Have / lately done 
c) Has / already done 
d) Have / recently done 
e) Have / already done 
20. Carol _____ a fight with her boyfriend 
last weekend. 
 
a) has 
b) had 
c) has had 
d) have had 
e) hasn’t have 
20. Carol _____ a fight with her boyfriend 
last weekend. 
 
a) has 
b) had 
c) has had 
d) have had 
e) hasn’t have 
21. I _____ many things watching movies. 
 
a) were learning 
b) has learned 
c) learning 
d) have learnt 
e) learned 
21. I _____ many things watching movies. 
 
a) were learning 
b) has learned 
c) learning 
d) have learnt 
e) learned 
22. She ________ that movie before. 
 
a) ’s seen 
b) is seen 
c) seeing 
d) have seen 
e) has seen never 
22. She ________ that movie before. 
 
a) ’s seen 
b) is seen 
c) seeing 
d) have seen 
e) has seen never 
23. I _______ that song on the radio too 
many times. 
 
a) has heard 
b) hearing 
c) heared 
d) ’ve heard 
e) have heard already 
23. I _______ that song on the radio too 
many times. 
 
a) has heard 
b) hearing 
c) heared 
d) ’ve heard 
e) have heard already 
24. The death of my father was the 
most difficult thing _________________. 
 
a) I never dealt with. 
b) I never had to deal with. 
c) I've ever had to deal with. 
d) I've never had to deal with. 
e) I haven’t ever had to deal with. 
24. The death of my father was the 
most difficult thing _________________. 
 
a) I never dealt with. 
b) I never had to deal with. 
c) I've ever had to deal with. 
d) I've never had to deal with. 
e) I haven’t ever had to deal with. 
25. The reason I look so rested is that 
_______________ from holidays. 
 
a) I come back 
b) I came back 
c) I never came back 
d) I've just come back 
e) I have just came back 
25. The reason I look so rested is that 
_______________ from holidays. 
 
a) I come back 
b) I came back 
c) I never came back 
d) I've just come back 
e) I have just came back 
26. I have _______ talked to her. 
 
a) never 
b) yet 
c) lately 
d) recently 
e) since 
26. I have _______ talked to her. 
 
a) never 
b) yet 
c) lately 
d) recently 
e) since 
27. Complete the sentences. 
 
I. Computers __________ a useful machine since 
the 30s. 
II. Physicians and researchers ________ the cure 
for Aids since it appeared. 
III. The violence in big cities ____ a lot of deaths. 
 
a) has been / has researched / has promoted 
b) has been / have researched / has promoted 
c) was / were / promoted 
d) have been / have researched / has promoted 
e) were / have researched / promoted 
27. Complete the sentences. 
 
I. Computers __________ a useful machine since 
the 30s. 
II. Physicians and researchers ________ the cure 
for Aids since it appeared. 
III. The violence in big cities ____ a lot of deaths. 
 
a) has been / has researched / has promoted 
b) has been / have researched / has promoted 
c) was / were / promoted 
d) have been / have researched / has promoted 
e) were / have researched / promoted 
28. Complete the sentence. 
 
a) has grown 
b) Have grew 
c) Have grown 
d) grown 
e) ’ve grow 
28. Complete the sentence. 
 
a) has grown 
b) Have grew 
c) Have grown 
d) grown 
e) ’ve grow