Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier (by henevil)

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Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems
	Acknowledgments
	Organization and Use
	Contents
	1. Introduction and Guide to the Literature and Research
	1.1 Role of Gasification in Biomass Conversion
	1.2 Biomass Energy Potential
	1.3 Guide to Gasification Literature
	2. History, Current Developments, and Future Directions
	2.1 Historical Development
	2.2 Current Development Activities
	2.3 Future Development Directions
	3. Gasifier Fuels
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Biomass Fuel Analysis
	3.3 Other Fuel Parameters
	3.4 Beneficiation of Biomass Fuels
	4. Principles of Gasification
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Biomass Thermal Conversion Processes
	4.3 Indirect and Direct Gasification Processes
	4.4 Principles of Operation of Direct Gasifiers
	4.5 Charcoal Gasification
	4.6 Summary
	5. Gasifier Designs
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Basic Gasifier Types
	5.3 Charcoal Gasifiers
	5.4 Charcoal versus Biomass Fuels
	5.5 The Crossdraft Gasifier
	5.6 The Updraft Gasifier
	5.7 The Imbert Downdraft Gasifier
	5.8 The Stratified Downdraft Gasifier
	5.9 Tar-Cracking Gasifiers
	5.10 Summary
	6. Gasifier Fabrication and Manufacture
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Materials of Construction
	6.3 Methods of Construction
	6.4 Sizing and Laying out the Pipes
	6.5 Instruments and Controls
	7. Gas Testing
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Gas-Quality Measurements and Requirements
	7.3 Description of Producer Gas and Its Contaminants
	7.4 Gas Sampling
	7.5 Physical Gas-Composition Testing
	7.6 Chemical Gas Composition
	7.7 Analysis of Test Data
	7.8 Particle-Size Measurement
	8. Gas Cleaning and Conditioning
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 The Power Theory of Gas Cleanup
	8.3 Gas Cleanup Goals
	8.4 Classification of Particles
	8.5 Particle Movement and Capture Mechanisms
	8.6 Dry Collectors
	8.7 Wet Scrubbers
	8.8 Disposal of Captured Contaminants
	9. Gasifier Systems
	9.1 The Complete Gasifier System
	9.2 Storing, Feeding, and Sealing Solids
	9.3 Fans, Blowers, Ejectors, and Compressors
	9.4 Flares and Product-Gas Burners
	10. Instrumentation and Control
	10.1 The Need for Instrumentation and Control
	10.2 Gasifier Instruments
	10.3 Controls
	10.4 Computer Data Logging and Control
	11. Engine Adaptation and Operation
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Producer Gas for Transportation
	11.3 Producer Gas for Electric Power and Irrigation
	11.4 Gasifier Types Suitable for Shaft-Power Generation
	11.5 Sizing the Gas Producer to the Engine
	11.6 Engine Selection
	11.7 Cogeneration
	11.8 Spark-Ignition Engine Conversion
	11.9 Two-Cycle Engine Conversion
	11.10 Diesel Engine Conversion
	11.11 Increasing Power from Producer-Gas-Fueled Engines
	11.12 Engine Life and Engine Wear
	11.13 Exhaust Emissions
	11.14 Other Devices for Producer-Gas Power Generation
	12. Safety and Environmental Considerations
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Toxic Hazards
	12.3 Fire Hazards
	12.4 Environmental Hazards
	13. Decision Making
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Logistcs Assessment
	13.3 Economics
	13.4 Cost Benefits
	13.5 Financing
	13.6 Other Considerations
	References
	Appendix