CONCRETO CELULAR E CONCRETO LEVE

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Lightweight Concrete
Academics: Bruno Trindade, Daniel La Rosa and Leonardo Marques
Neolithic Period
First constructions based on rocks.
History
Disponível em: http://cultura.culturamix.com/curiosidades/fotos-da-pre-historia 
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History
Concrete has been created in order to get a material with rock features (durability and strength) but easier to shape
Colosseum - Rome
Pantheon - Greece
Avaiable on: http://historiadaarte.pbworks.com/w/page/18413856/Coliseu 
Avaiable on: https://www.tudosobreroma.com/panteao
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History
Cement Portland concrete has been updating its composing to reach and adequate to especify situations
Introduction
Lighweight concrete has been first developed in Sweden, 1924.
Great success after 2nd World War around the World
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Lightweigth Concrete
Reduction of especific mass when compared to convencional concretes, either for air or lightweight aggregate.
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Cellular Lightweight Concrete
No structural function.
Cement Portland paste (foamed concrete) or cement mortar (aerated concrete) with expansive admixtures
Disponível em : https://www.telhanorte.com.br
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
Produced by the partial or full substitution of convencional to lightweight aggregate.
Generally it has especific mass below 2000kg/m³
Source: ROSSIGNOLO & AGNESINI (2005
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
Historical applications
Cover of Pantheon after burning
Gain in hight
Reduction of cracks on pillars
Dome of 44 metters of diameter
Avaiable on: pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panteão
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Nowadays
Prevails on three main areas:
Prefabricated
EMAs Systems
Mixed Building Systems
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
Prefabricated
Bridge board, St∅vset, Norway, built using lightweight concrete.
Connects Hordaland to Bergen.
1.6 Km of lenght.
Largest span: 172 metters
			
 		
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
EMAs
Engineered Materials Arresting System.
Avaiable on: http://www.ecopore.com/boeing-737-descontrolado-e-parado-com-seguranca-por-concreto-celular/
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Cellular Lightweight Concrete
EMAs
Engineered Materials Arresting System.
Avaiable on: http://www.ecopore.com/boeing-737-descontrolado-e-parado-com-seguranca-por-concreto-celular/
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Cellular Lightweight Concrete
EMAs
Engineered Materials Arresting System.
Avaiable on: http://www.ecopore.com/boeing-737-descontrolado-e-parado-com-seguranca-por-concreto-celular/
Base of the track constructed with cellular concrete
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Cellular Lightweight Concrete
Mixed Building Systems
Soccer Stadium St’ James Park building. New Castle, England.
Opening: 1882.
Enlargement: 2000.
Avaiable on: sport.rbc.ru/arena/22/.
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
Mixed Building Systems
Soccer Stadium St’ James Park building. New Castle, England.
Roof beam has 31.5 metters of lenght.
Reduction of 22% of total weight.
Avaiable on: sport.rbc.ru/arena/22/.
Avaiable on: sport.rbc.ru/arena/22/.
Avaiable on: sport.rbc.ru/arena/22/.
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Workability
Bigger than convencional concrete.
Bigger number of voids in its structure.
Avaiable on: https://giphy.com/explore/concretos
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Thermal Properties
Keeps internal temperature stable.
Applied on areas that have high temperature variation
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Fire Resistance
Water retained slows down deterioration proccess
 Avaiable on: http://www.proexe.com.br/concreto-celular
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Cellular Concrete
Economy of ace and concrete at structure fundation.
Large blocks (30x60cm).
Massive blocks  less cement paste for settlement.
Avaiable on: http://www.proexe.com.br/concreto-celular
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Classification
Foamed Cellular Lighweight Concrete (CLC).
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC).
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Avaiable on: http://www.sts-54.com/upload/medialibrary/aaa/aaaa62c6f711754d721d9d4b2aaf5c3f.jpg
Applications
Thermal and acoustic insulation.
Engineered Materials Arresting System.
Can’t be used with structural function because of its low strenght.
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Production
Air incorporating admixture: 2.5% (CLC).
Alumium powder. (AAC).
Avaiable on: http://www.ecopore.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ecopore-concreto-celular-ecofoam-espuma.jpg
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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http://sc01.alicdn.com/kf/UT819maXMXXXXagOFbXz.jpg
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Adding FOAMING AGENTS like resin soaps.
These foam develop bubbles inside the concrete.
Addition of POWERED ALUMINIUM to the cement causes evolution of hydrogen gas on addition of water.
FOAMED CONCRETE X AERATED CONCRETE 
Positive Aspects (Advantages)
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Cellular Lightweight Concrete
Lightness
Decrease the weight of the structure.
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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More Productivity
Large size
Faster building
Saves manpower
 Installation materials
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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More Productivity
Versatile: to cut, drilled, shaped and sanded with hand or power tools. Electric chases are easily sawn or routed in. 
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Fire Resistent
Non-combustible 
Inorganic
Gives off no toxic gases
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Thermal Insulation
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Environment Protection
Less material usage
Dust free and clean
Energy saver
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Water Absorption
Low water absorption because of its closed cellular structure.
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Negative aspects 
Lower strength.
Brittles nature.
Deteriorates if left exposed.
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Precautions:
Protective finish 
Cares with mix proportions (AAC – ALUMINIUM POWDER)
Water reducing admixture
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
Workability
Water absorption changes w/c fator.
Sedimentation of the cement paste
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Thermal Properties
Heat transfer and absorption is reduced on lightweights aggregates.
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Fire Resistance
Lightweight concrete has higher fire resistance compared to convencional concrete.
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Interface between agreggate and cement paste
High mechanic anchorage due to roughness of the aggregate.
Water absorbed will help hydration.
Source: ROSSIGNOLI, AGNESINI, 2005)
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Interface between agreggate and cement paste
High mechanic anchorage due to roughness of the aggregate.
Water absorbed will help hydration.
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Classification
Vermiculite and perlite  very low strength.
Pumice and porous lava  low strenght.
Expanded clay  normal strenght.
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Vermiculite
Perlite
Pumice
Porous lava
Expanded clay
Applications
Its uses are registered even before Portland cement.
Viaducts, bridges, slabs.
Avaiable on: http://www.constructionphotography.com/ImageThumbs/A014-00059/3/A014-00059_Concourse_of_Estacio_de_Oriente_Parque_da_Nacoes_Lisbon_Portugal_Designed_by_Santiago_Calatrava.jpg
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
Expanded Clay
Rotative kiln
Spongy mass inside, vitreous outside
Thermal and acoustic insulation
Fire resistance
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Structural Lightweight Concrete
Production
More cement for increase workability
Sand for coherence
Water reducing admixture: aggregate must be saturated
Tend to segregate
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Production
More cement in order to increase workability.Sand for coherence.
Water reducing admixture: aggregate must be saturated.
Tend to segregate.
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Positive Aspects
(The same of cellular concrete) 
compressive strength similar to conventional concrete
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Various uses
USS Selma Ship (1919) – Texas 
“Parque das Nações” – Lisbon, PT
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Negative aspects
Hard to mix.
Higher drying shrinkage.
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Negative aspects
Availability
 Consumes more cement
$$
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Precautions:
Segregation tendency
Smaller slump than conventional concrete
Pumping concrete
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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Brazilian standards
We only have five standards about lightweight and cellular concrete;
NBR12644 (L)
NBR12645 (c)
NBR12646 (c)
NBR13438 (c)
NBR13440 (c)
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Available on ABNT
NBR12644  / 2014 - Structural lightweight Concrete -Determination The Bulk Density Of Fresh Concrete
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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NBR12645/1992 - execution of foamed cellular concrete walls molded on site
1)Materials measurement: (table)
 
2)Laying the concrete - max 30 min
3)Densification - without vibrator
4) Stripping - min. 12 hours
5) Curing - min 3 days (moistening or waterproofing film) 
Material
Ordinary
Tolerance
Order
Cement
Mass
3%
3
Water
VolorMass
3%
2
Sand
VolorMass
3%
1
Foamingagent
Vol
5%
4
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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NBR12646/1992 - Foamed cellular concrete walls molded on site
Respect minimum requirements
Density: Test as NBR 12644. The difference between the projected concrete and the produced concrete must be ≤ 5%;
Compressive strength: 
Fck(est) = Fck + 2,5(Mpa) after 28 days
Structural Lightweight Concrete
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NBR13438 / 2013 -Autoclaved Cellular Concrete Block — Requirements
Classification: ACC special, sealing, structural and filling slabs
Designation:
	ex: BCAA -100mm x 300mm x 600mm
Control: according to NBR13440
Tolerance error dimension
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Available on ABNT
NBR13440/2013- Autoclaved Cellular Concrete Block — Test Methods
BLOCK (SPECIMEN)
DIMENSION
EDGES
1
< 100mm
= 75mm
2
≥100mm
= 100mm
1) Extract the sample like the table:
2) Weigh the sample and use to calcule the density:
Cellular Lightweight Concrete
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Available on ABNT
Conclusion:
1)
2)
Alternative to convencional concrete
FACTOR: VIABILITY
X
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COST ($)
References:
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http://www.ecopore.com.br/ecofoam/
http://www.amigosdanatureza.org.br/publicacoes/index.php/forum_ambiental/article/view/1412
https://blogdopetcivil.com/2015/05/25/concreto-leve-parte-1/
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Autoclave-aerated-concrete-and-foam-concrete
http://gethal.com.br 
http://www.proexe.com.br/construcao-concreto-celular 
http://www.sts-54.com/news/aerated-or-foam-concrete-what-s-better/
NEVILLE, A. M. Properties of Concrete, 5th edition.
http://civilblog.org/2014/07/11/what-is-aerated-concrete-or-foamed-or-cellular-or-gas-concrete/
Kamarul Aini Mohd Sari1, Abdul Rahim Mohammed Sani Concrete- :Applications of Foamed Lightweight
B KARTHIKEYAN1 , R SELVARAJ2 AND S SARAVANAN1 : Mechanical Properties of Foam Concrete
Rossignolo, João Adriano Concreto leve estrutural: produção, propriedades, microesíruturo e oplicoções / João Adriono Rossignolo. - São Poulo: Pini, 2009 .