<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">101</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws8">Revis<span class="_0 blank"></span>ta Brasileira de Históri<span class="_0 blank"></span>a<span class="ff3 ls2">. São P<span class="_0 blank"></span>aulo, v<span class="_1 blank"></span>. 19, nº 38, p. 101-124.<span class="_0 blank"></span> 1999</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws9">Para um a<span class="_0 blank"></span>profunda<span class="_0 blank"></span>mento</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y4 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsa">historiogr<span class="_0 blank"></span>áfico: dis<span class="_0 blank"></span>cutindo o</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y5 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsb">separatism<span class="_0 blank"></span>o paulist<span class="_0 blank"></span>a de 1887<span class="fs3 ls4 v1">1</span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y6 ff1 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">Cássia Chrisp<span class="_0 blank"></span>iniano Adduc<span class="_0 blank"></span>i</div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y7 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls6 wsd">P<span class="_1 blank"></span>ontifícia Un<span class="_0 blank"></span>iversidade Cató<span class="_0 blank"></span>lica de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y8 ff1 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1">R <span class="fs6 ls8 ws2">ESUMO</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y9 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls9 wsd">T<span class="_2 blank"></span>endo como base pe<span class="_0 blank"></span>squisa empíri-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 ya ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsa wse">ca realizada sob<span class="_0 blank"></span>re o separatism<span class="_0 blank"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 yb ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsb wsd">paulista de 1887<span class="_0 blank"></span>, este artigo pre<span class="_0 blank"></span>ten-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 yc ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsc wsd">de colocar em di<span class="_0 blank"></span>scussão caracter<span class="_0 blank"></span>ís-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 yd ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsd wsd">ticas que foram <span class="_0 blank"></span>atribuídas ao m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ovi-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 ye ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lse wsd">mento: sua estrit<span class="_0 blank"></span>a ligação ao re-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 yf ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsf wse">publicanismo e s<span class="_0 blank"></span>eu caráter escra<span class="_0 blank"></span>vo-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y10 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls10 wsd">crata. O texto te<span class="_0 blank"></span>ce também algu<span class="_0 blank"></span>mas</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y11 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls11 wse">observações sobr<span class="_0 blank"></span>e os limites cron<span class="_0 blank"></span>o-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y12 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls12 wse">lógicos do separa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tismo paulista d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y13 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls13 wsd">finais do século p<span class="_0 blank"></span>assado.</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y14 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsb wsd">P<span class="_2 blank"></span>alavras-chave: São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo; Separa-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y15 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls14 wsd">tismo; Republica<span class="_0 blank"></span>nismo.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y16 ff1 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls6 ws3">A<span class="fs6 ls15 ws4">BSTRACT</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y17 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls16 wsd">Based on an emp<span class="_0 blank"></span>iric research ab<span class="_0 blank"></span>out</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y18 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls17 wsd">the 1887 \ue093paulist<span class="_0 blank"></span>a\ue094 separatism, t<span class="_0 blank"></span>his</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y19 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls18 wse">article intends to<span class="_0 blank"></span> discuss the cha<span class="_0 blank"></span>rac-</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y1a ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls19 wse">teristics that wer<span class="_0 blank"></span>e assigned to th<span class="_0 blank"></span>e</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y1b ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1a wsd">movement: its str<span class="_0 blank"></span>ict relation with</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y1c ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1b wse">the republicanis<span class="_0 blank"></span>m and its prosla<span class="_0 blank"></span>very</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y1d ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1c wse">character<span class="_3 blank"></span>. <span class="ls1a wsd">The text also composes</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y1e ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1d wse">some remarks ab<span class="_0 blank"></span>out the chrono-</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y1f ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1e wsf">logical limits of t<span class="_0 blank"></span>he \ue093paulista\ue094</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y20 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1f wsd">separatism at th<span class="_0 blank"></span>e end of the 19th</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y21 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls20 ws5">century.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y22 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls21 wse">Ke<span class="_0 blank"></span>ywords: São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo; Separatism;</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y23 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls11 ws6">Republicanism.</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y24 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws10">Diversos pesqu<span class="_0 blank"></span>isadores dedic<span class="_0 blank"></span>aram-se ao est<span class="_0 blank"></span>udo do período</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws10">de passagem d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o Império para<span class="_0 blank"></span> a República n<span class="_0 blank"></span>o Brasil e muitos<span class="_0 blank"></span> de-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y26 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls23 ws10">les analisaram<span class="_0 blank"></span>, especificamen<span class="_0 blank"></span>te, o ideal rep<span class="_0 blank"></span>ublicano. T<span class="_2 blank"></span>oda<span class="_0 blank"></span>via, até</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y27 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls24 ws11">o momento, nen<span class="_0 blank"></span>hum trabalho<span class="_0 blank"></span> tinha se voltad<span class="_0 blank"></span>o para o exame d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y28 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws10">documentação<span class="_0 blank"></span> produzida pe<span class="_0 blank"></span>los adeptos do <span class="_0 blank"></span>separatismo em S<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y29 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls25 ws10">P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo durante o ano de 1<span class="_0 blank"></span>887. F<span class="_0 blank"></span>oi este o objet<span class="_0 blank"></span>ivo do presente</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls26 ws11">artigo que bus<span class="_0 blank"></span>ca identificar a<span class="_0 blank"></span>s característic<span class="_0 blank"></span>as do ideário sep<span class="_0 blank"></span>aratis-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws11">ta paulista: seu<span class="_0 blank"></span>s aspectos dou<span class="_0 blank"></span>trinários, suas<span class="_0 blank"></span> propostas, seus ide<span class="_0 blank"></span>ó-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">logos e propag<span class="_0 blank"></span>andistas. Se é q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue realmente <span class="_0 blank"></span>estas idéias trans<span class="_0 blank"></span>for-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">maram-se, com<span class="_0 blank"></span>o afirma Emíli<span class="_0 blank"></span>a V<span class="_1 blank"></span>iotti d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a Costa, em mitos <span class="_0 blank"></span>podero-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws10">sos durante a P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rimeira Re<span class="_0 blank"></span>pública<span class="fs7 ls2a ws7 v2">2</span><span class="ls27">, serão importante ten<span class="_0 blank"></span>tar com-</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi xb y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 xc h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">102</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2b ws10">preendê-las no<span class="_0 blank"></span> momento em q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue, pela prime<span class="_0 blank"></span>ira vez, elas apa<span class="_0 blank"></span>re-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2c ws10">ceram de modo<span class="_0 blank"></span> mais explícito<span class="_0 blank"></span> na história de<span class="_0 blank"></span> São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo.</div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws10">O embate polít<span class="_0 blank"></span>ico em torno de<span class="_0 blank"></span> uma maior au<span class="_0 blank"></span>tonomia regio-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws10">nal não foi car<span class="_0 blank"></span>acterística exc<span class="_0 blank"></span>lusiva do perío<span class="_0 blank"></span>do final do Impé<span class="_0 blank"></span>rio.</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws11">Muito pelo cont<span class="_0 blank"></span>rário, durante<span class="_0 blank"></span> a vigência da<span class="_0 blank"></span> monarquia no B<span class="_0 blank"></span>rasil,</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws10">em muitas ocas<span class="_0 blank"></span>iões houve mov<span class="_0 blank"></span>imentos que re<span class="_0 blank"></span>ivindicaram, se n<span class="_0 blank"></span>em</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws10">sempre uma re<span class="_0 blank"></span>pública federa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tiva, ao menos<span class="_0 blank"></span> uma ampliação d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2f ws11">grau de auton<span class="_0 blank"></span>omia das prov<span class="_0 blank"></span>íncias em face d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o poder centra<span class="_0 blank"></span>l.</div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">Nas décadas fi<span class="_0 blank"></span>nais do século <span class="_0 blank"></span>XIX, as tensões<span class="_0 blank"></span> entre centraliza<span class="_0 blank"></span>-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y39 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls31 ws10">ção e federalis<span class="_0 blank"></span>mo acirraram-<span class="_0 blank"></span>se como conseq<span class="_0 blank"></span>üência das dific<span class="_0 blank"></span>ulda-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws11">des que provín<span class="_0 blank"></span>cias em expans<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão econômica <span class="_0 blank"></span>encontravam par<span class="_0 blank"></span>a se</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">imporem no mo<span class="_0 blank"></span>mento das dec<span class="_0 blank"></span>isões políticas. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Assim, a idéia fed<span class="_0 blank"></span>e-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws15">ralista ganhou<span class="_0 blank"></span> um novo impu<span class="_0 blank"></span>lso. Mas, como <span class="_0 blank"></span>aponta Sérgio</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls26 ws11">Buarque de Ho<span class="_0 blank"></span>landa, esta id<span class="_0 blank"></span>éia poderia ap<span class="_0 blank"></span>resentar diferen<span class="_0 blank"></span>tes ma-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls19 ws10">tizes, nem semp<span class="_0 blank"></span>re significand<span class="_0 blank"></span>o um choque di<span class="_0 blank"></span>reto com a mona<span class="_0 blank"></span>r-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls32 ws11">quia. O federa<span class="_0 blank"></span>lismo poderia s<span class="_0 blank"></span>urgir \ue093de um c<span class="_0 blank"></span>omportamento <span class="_0 blank"></span>arcai-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y40 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws10">co e nitidamen<span class="_0 blank"></span>te contra-revol<span class="_0 blank"></span>ucionário, o da<span class="_0 blank"></span> devoção às \ue091p<span class="_0 blank"></span>átrias</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y41 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2c ws11">pequenas\ue092, em <span class="_0 blank"></span>prejuízo, se pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>eciso, da pátri<span class="_0 blank"></span>a maior\ue094; ou solucio<span class="_4 blank"> </span>-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y42 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2b ws11">nar um dos pro<span class="_0 blank"></span>blemas da mo<span class="_0 blank"></span>narquia repre<span class="_0 blank"></span>sentado pelos pre<span class="_0 blank"></span>si-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y43 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws11">dentes de prov<span class="_0 blank"></span>íncia, \ue093que fun<span class="_0 blank"></span>cionavam qua<span class="_0 blank"></span>se unicamente co<span class="_0 blank"></span>mo</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y44 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls33 ws11">agentes eleitor<span class="_0 blank"></span>ais do governo<span class="_0 blank"></span> central ou do <span class="_0 blank"></span>partido no poder<span class="_4 blank"> </span>\ue094;</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y45 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 lsb ws10">havia também<span class="_0 blank"></span> os que defendi<span class="_0 blank"></span>am uma admin<span class="_0 blank"></span>istração mais mo<span class="_0 blank"></span>der-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y46 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws11">na para o país<span class="_0 blank"></span>, exigida pelos<span class="_0 blank"></span> \ue093tempos novos<span class="_0 blank"></span>\ue094 e pelas \ue093imposiçõ<span class="_0 blank"></span>es</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y47 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws16">do progresso\ue094<span class="fs7 ls35 v2">3</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h2 y47 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34">.</div><div class="t m0 xd h5 y48 ff1 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls36 ws12">P<span class="fs6 ls37 ws13">ONTOS</span><span class="ls38 ws17"> <span class="fs6 ls39 ws14">DE </span><span class="ls3a ws18"> P<span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="fs6 ls15 ws4">ARTID<span class="_1 blank"></span>A</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y49 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3b ws11">O contato inici<span class="_0 blank"></span>al com as idéia<span class="_0 blank"></span>s separatistas <span class="_0 blank"></span>paulistas foi esta-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y4a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3c ws19">belecido a par<span class="_0 blank"></span>tir do livro <span class="ff5">O mo<span class="_0 blank"></span>vimento de 188<span class="_0 blank"></span>7<span class="ff1 ws11">, de Tácito de</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y4b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls23 ws10">Almeida. T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ratando o assunto de <span class="_0 blank"></span>forma apaixon<span class="_0 blank"></span>ada, o autor des<span class="_0 blank"></span>ta-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y4c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws10">ca a manifesta<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção de idéias s<span class="_0 blank"></span>eparatistas em<span class="_0 blank"></span> São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo, sobretudo</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y4d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3d ws10">no ano de 1887<span class="_0 blank"></span>, quando \ue093já n<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão é mais em s<span class="_0 blank"></span>egredo, em voz b<span class="_0 blank"></span>ai-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y4e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws11">xa, que os pau<span class="_0 blank"></span>listas falam em<span class="_0 blank"></span> separação\ue094<span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="fs7 ls2a ws7 v2">4<span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="fs0 ls29 v3">.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y4f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3e ws10">Tácito de Almei<span class="_0 blank"></span>da aponta os p<span class="_0 blank"></span>rincipais \ue093inté<span class="_0 blank"></span>rpretes\ue094 destas</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y50 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3f ws10">idéias: Francis<span class="_0 blank"></span>co Eugênio P<span class="_2 blank"></span>acheco e Sil<span class="_0 blank"></span>va, Joaquim F<span class="_1 blank"></span>ernando de</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y51 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls40 ws11">Barros, Alberto Sales, Martim Francisco Ribe<span class="_0 blank"></span>iro de Andrada e</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y52 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls41 ws16">Emiliano P<span class="_2 blank"></span>ernetta<span class="fs7 ls42 v2">5</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x10 y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">103</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws10">maioria consci<span class="_0 blank"></span>ente de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo\ue094<span class="fs7 ls2a v2">6</span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws11">. Além das figur<span class="_0 blank"></span>as de destaqu<span class="_0 blank"></span>e,</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2c ws10">Tácito de Almei<span class="_0 blank"></span>da retoma as <span class="_0 blank"></span>discussões, dur<span class="_0 blank"></span>ante o congresso<span class="_0 blank"></span> do</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws11">P<span class="_2 blank"></span>ar<span class="_4 blank"> </span>tido Republic<span class="_0 blank"></span>ano P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulista, em torno<span class="_0 blank"></span> da moção separa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tista que</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls31 ws11">foi apresentad<span class="_0 blank"></span>a. Seu adiame<span class="_0 blank"></span>nto teria signif<span class="_0 blank"></span>icado \ue093um golpe a<span class="_0 blank"></span>mor-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws11">tecedor e infeli<span class="_0 blank"></span>z\ue094.</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y53 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls11 wsd">Não matou o sep<span class="_0 blank"></span>aratismo, porqu<span class="_0 blank"></span>e os separatista<span class="_0 blank"></span>s, que constituiam</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y54 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls9 wsd">a maioria pensa<span class="_0 blank"></span>nte do P<span class="_2 blank"></span>ar<span class="_4 blank"> </span>tido Republican<span class="_0 blank"></span>o e dos outros partidos</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y55 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls28 wsd">monarchicos, con<span class="_0 blank"></span>tinuaram a agi<span class="_0 blank"></span>r e a firmar sua<span class="_0 blank"></span>s convicções, pu-</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y56 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls45 wsd">blicando os seus <span class="_0 blank"></span>livros e folhetos. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Mas, de certa fórm<span class="_0 blank"></span>a, para a</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y57 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls6 wsd">massa irreflectid<span class="_0 blank"></span>a e ignorante, o<span class="_0 blank"></span> adiamento foi c<span class="_0 blank"></span>onsiderado uma</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y58 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls28 wsd">condemnação da<span class="_0 blank"></span> idéa. Antes não<span class="_0 blank"></span> houvesse sido fo<span class="_0 blank"></span>rmulada a mo-</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y59 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls46 wse">ção ao Congress<span class="_0 blank"></span>o. Então, a camp<span class="_0 blank"></span>anha poderia p<span class="_0 blank"></span>rosseguir por fora,</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y5a ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls47 wsd">na sua esphera l<span class="_0 blank"></span>egitima, acima d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e todos os parti<span class="_0 blank"></span>dos.</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y5b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws11">O autor indica<span class="_0 blank"></span> ainda os que,<span class="_0 blank"></span> a seu ver<span class="_2 blank"></span>, teriam sido os princi-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y5c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls24 ws11">pais inimigos d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o separatismo <span class="_0 blank"></span>e os responsáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis pelo enfraqueci<span class="_0 blank"></span>-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y5d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3b ws10">mento do movim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento de 1887:<span class="_0 blank"></span> a propaganda<span class="_0 blank"></span> federalista, a i<span class="_0 blank"></span>lusão</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y5e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3f ws10">republicana, a<span class="_0 blank"></span> ilusão finance<span class="_0 blank"></span>ira e a ilusão d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e hegemonia</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y5f ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls48 ws1a">7<span class="fs0 ls3f ws1b v3">. Essas</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y60 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 lsb ws11">considerações <span class="_0 blank"></span>levaram à loca<span class="_0 blank"></span>lização de out<span class="_0 blank"></span>ras referências à<span class="_0 blank"></span>s idéi-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y61 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls18 ws16">as separatista<span class="_0 blank"></span>s.</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y62 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls49 ws11">Emília V<span class="_3 blank"></span>iotti da Costa define o movim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento republic<span class="_0 blank"></span>ano como</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y63 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws10">fruto do encon<span class="_0 blank"></span>tro de três forç<span class="_0 blank"></span>as: parte do ex<span class="_0 blank"></span>ército, influenc<span class="_0 blank"></span>iado</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y64 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2b ws11">pelo pensamen<span class="_0 blank"></span>to positivista e<span class="_0 blank"></span> imbuída da id<span class="_0 blank"></span>éia de \ue093salvar a <span class="_0 blank"></span>pá-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y65 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 lsb ws10">tria\ue094; os fazend<span class="_0 blank"></span>eiros do oeste<span class="_0 blank"></span> paulista que d<span class="_0 blank"></span>esejavam realiza<span class="_0 blank"></span>r suas</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y66 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3e ws11">\ue093aspirações de<span class="_0 blank"></span> mando\ue094; e rep<span class="_0 blank"></span>resentantes da<span class="_0 blank"></span>s classes médias <span class="_0 blank"></span>ur-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y67 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls49 ws10">banas, grupo a<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntiescravista e<span class="_0 blank"></span> que pretendia<span class="_0 blank"></span> maior participaç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y68 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws10">política. A<span class="_1 blank"></span>uxiliavam este movimento <span class="_0 blank"></span>o desprestígio da<span class="_0 blank"></span> monarquia</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y69 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws10">e o enfraquecim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento das oliga<span class="_0 blank"></span>rquias tradici<span class="_0 blank"></span>onais<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="fs7 ls43 v2">8</span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y6a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4b ws11">P<span class="_2 blank"></span>ara a autora, as idéias sepa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ratistas pauli<span class="_0 blank"></span>stas teriam surgido</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y6b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls33 ws11">da contradiçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o entre o poder<span class="_0 blank"></span> econômico e o<span class="_0 blank"></span> poder político<span class="_0 blank"></span> dos</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y6c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws11">fazendeiros do<span class="_0 blank"></span> oeste paulista<span class="_0 blank"></span> que tiveram u<span class="_0 blank"></span>m grande desenv<span class="_0 blank"></span>olvi-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y6d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4c ws10">mento econômi<span class="_0 blank"></span>co, mas não as<span class="_0 blank"></span>sistiram ao igu<span class="_0 blank"></span>al crescimento de</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y6e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws10">sua representa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tividade políti<span class="_0 blank"></span>ca junto ao go<span class="_0 blank"></span>verno<span class="fs7 ls4d v2">9</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h2 y6e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws10">. Esta posição</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y6f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">contraditória <span class="_0 blank"></span>teria dado ma<span class="_0 blank"></span>rgem ao fortal<span class="_0 blank"></span>ecimento da idéi<span class="_0 blank"></span>a de</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y70 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws10">federação \ue096 qu<span class="_0 blank"></span>e, de qualque<span class="_0 blank"></span>r forma, nunca<span class="_0 blank"></span> teria chegado a<span class="_0 blank"></span> desa-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y71 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">parecer do pro<span class="_0 blank"></span>grama do P<span class="_2 blank"></span>artido Liberal \ue096 e, entre os<span class="_0 blank"></span> mais extre-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y72 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">mados, ao com<span class="_0 blank"></span>eço de uma cam<span class="_0 blank"></span>panha pela se<span class="_0 blank"></span>paração.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 xc h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">104</div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2b ws10">Segundo Emília<span class="_0 blank"></span> V<span class="_1 blank"></span>iotti da Co<span class="_0 blank"></span>sta, os defenso<span class="_0 blank"></span>res do ideário se<span class="_0 blank"></span>-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws10">paratista form<span class="_0 blank"></span>aram, neste pe<span class="_0 blank"></span>ríodo, um gru<span class="_0 blank"></span>po bem menor do <span class="_0 blank"></span>que</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws11">o que apareceu<span class="_0 blank"></span> em 1932. No e<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntanto, sua pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ópria existência <span class="_0 blank"></span>teria</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4f ws11">revelado o níve<span class="_0 blank"></span>l de gravidad<span class="_0 blank"></span>e das tensões d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a época. A ame<span class="_0 blank"></span>aça</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls19 ws10">separatista pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>eocupava: em 1<span class="_0 blank"></span>885, Joaquim N<span class="_0 blank"></span>abuco, em um dis<span class="_0 blank"></span>-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">curso na Câma<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra dos Deputa<span class="_0 blank"></span>dos, propunha<span class="_0 blank"></span> que a monarquia<span class="_0 blank"></span> re-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws11">alizasse a fede<span class="_0 blank"></span>ração para qu<span class="_0 blank"></span>e fosse possível<span class="_0 blank"></span> ampliar a eficácia<span class="_0 blank"></span> da</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws10">administração<span class="_0 blank"></span> e impedir o cr<span class="_0 blank"></span>escimento das <span class="_0 blank"></span>idéias separatis<span class="_0 blank"></span>tas \ue096</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls50 ws10">\ue093o grande peri<span class="_0 blank"></span>go\ue094, \ue093o maior d<span class="_0 blank"></span>esastre\ue094<span class="fs7 ls51 ws1c v2">10</span>. Independentemen<span class="_0 blank"></span>te do</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y39 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls52 ws11">grau de adesã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o das idéias se<span class="_0 blank"></span>paratistas, a a<span class="_0 blank"></span>utora identifica, j<span class="_0 blank"></span>á nos</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws10">primeiros artig<span class="_0 blank"></span>os publicados <span class="_0 blank"></span>nos jornais <span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ws11">Gazeta de Notícias<span class="ff1 ls44 ws1b"> do</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4c ws10">Rio de Janeiro <span class="_0 blank"></span>e <span class="ff5 ws20">A P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rovíncia de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo<span class="ff1"> em 1877, <span class="_0 blank"></span>o início das</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws20">\ue093manifestações<span class="_0 blank"></span> da \ue091mística pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ulista\ue092 e do esp<span class="_0 blank"></span>írito separatista <span class="_0 blank"></span>que</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2f ws20">se converteram em mitos pod<span class="_0 blank"></span>erosos durant<span class="_0 blank"></span>e a P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rimeira Repúbli-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">ca e que ainda<span class="_0 blank"></span> hoje são cultiv<span class="_0 blank"></span>ados por indiv<span class="_0 blank"></span>íduos que vivem <span class="_0 blank"></span>pre-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws11">sos ao passado<span class="_0 blank"></span>\ue094<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1d v2">11</span><span class="ls54">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y40 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3d ws11">Décio Saes com<span class="_0 blank"></span>preende o per<span class="_0 blank"></span>íodo no qual se<span class="_0 blank"></span> insere o movi-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y41 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws10">mento republic<span class="_0 blank"></span>ano como um m<span class="_0 blank"></span>omento dentr<span class="_0 blank"></span>o do processo de<span class="_0 blank"></span> for-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y42 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls55 ws11">mação do Esta<span class="_0 blank"></span>do burguês no <span class="_0 blank"></span>Brasil, vendo n<span class="_0 blank"></span>a luta republica<span class="_0 blank"></span>na dife-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y43 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls31 ws11">rentes classes s<span class="_0 blank"></span>ociais em defes<span class="_0 blank"></span>a de objetivos <span class="_0 blank"></span>políticos distintos<span class="_0 blank"></span>, mas</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y44 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls56 ws10">que não aprese<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntavam, dentr<span class="_0 blank"></span>o do movimen<span class="_0 blank"></span>to, posições clara<span class="_0 blank"></span>mente</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y45 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls57 ws18">demarcadas. A<span class="_0 blank"></span>s classes domin<span class="_0 blank"></span>antes, indepen<span class="_0 blank"></span>dente de serem</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y46 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls58 ws10">escravistas ou <span class="_0 blank"></span>não, iriam se c<span class="_0 blank"></span>olocar contra a<span class="_0 blank"></span> transformação b<span class="_0 blank"></span>urgue-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y47 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws11">sa do Estado, q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue o autor liga<span class="_0 blank"></span> ao fim do escr<span class="_0 blank"></span>avismo e à criaç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão do</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y73 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">igualitarismo j<span class="_0 blank"></span>urídico burguê<span class="_0 blank"></span>s. O grupo que<span class="_0 blank"></span> teria sido o port<span class="_0 blank"></span>ador</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y74 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls59 ws10">desta ideologia<span class="_0 blank"></span> burguesa foi <span class="_0 blank"></span>a nascente clas<span class="_0 blank"></span>se média, entend<span class="_0 blank"></span>ida en-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y75 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5a ws10">quanto trabalh<span class="_0 blank"></span>adores não-m<span class="_0 blank"></span>anuais e não-p<span class="_0 blank"></span>roprietários<span class="fs7 ls5b ws1e v2">12</span><span class="ls5c">, cabendo a</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y76 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5d ws10">ela a responsa<span class="_0 blank"></span>bilidade pela t<span class="_0 blank"></span>ransformação<span class="_0 blank"></span> do Estado escrav<span class="_0 blank"></span>ista mo-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y77 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws10">derno em Estad<span class="_0 blank"></span>o burguês. As <span class="_0 blank"></span>classes domina<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntes de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo so-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y78 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls32 ws11">mente teriam i<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntervido no pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ocesso de reord<span class="_0 blank"></span>enamento do E<span class="_0 blank"></span>stado,</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y79 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5e ws10">quando sua tr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ansformação e<span class="_0 blank"></span>stava irremedi<span class="_0 blank"></span>avelmente dada,<span class="_0 blank"></span> com o</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5f ws10">objetivo de ada<span class="_0 blank"></span>ptá-lo aos seu<span class="_0 blank"></span>s interesses<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1f v2">13</span><span class="ls54">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y7b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls19 ws10">Segundo Saes, <span class="_0 blank"></span>o desejo de de<span class="_0 blank"></span>scentralização<span class="_0 blank"></span> expresso pelas</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls41 ws11">classes domina<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntes paulistas <span class="_0 blank"></span> \ue096 que se sentia<span class="_0 blank"></span>m sub-representada<span class="_0 blank"></span>s</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls19 ws11">no governo cen<span class="_0 blank"></span>tral \ue096 significa<span class="_0 blank"></span>va \ue093a conquist<span class="_0 blank"></span>a do controle sob<span class="_0 blank"></span>re</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3d ws10">os instrumento<span class="_0 blank"></span>s de política ec<span class="_0 blank"></span>onômica\ue094. A pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>oposta federalista<span class="_0 blank"></span>,</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws11">no entanto, col<span class="_0 blank"></span>ocava os cafeic<span class="_0 blank"></span>ultores paulist<span class="_0 blank"></span>as contra a monar<span class="_1 blank"></span>-</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x10 y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">105</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls60 ws10">quia, já que se<span class="_0 blank"></span>riam inviáveis <span class="_0 blank"></span>\ue093dinastias mon<span class="_0 blank"></span>árquicas provincia<span class="_0 blank"></span>is\ue094.</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws10">Deste modo, a <span class="_0 blank"></span>autonomia reiv<span class="_0 blank"></span>indicada some<span class="_0 blank"></span>nte seria possíve<span class="_0 blank"></span>l sob</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws11">a forma repub<span class="_0 blank"></span>licana. As opçõ<span class="_0 blank"></span>es ficariam red<span class="_0 blank"></span>uzidas ao separa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tis-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3f ws10">mo republicano<span class="_0 blank"></span> ou à repúblic<span class="_0 blank"></span>a federal.</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws11">O separatismo<span class="_0 blank"></span> republicano, p<span class="_0 blank"></span>ara Saes, não<span class="_0 blank"></span> teria sido viável</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls61 ws11">até o <span class="ls3d">fim<span class="_0 blank"></span> dos anos 80 em<span class="_0 blank"></span> virtude da e<span class="_0 blank"></span>xistência de um<span class="_0 blank"></span> \ue093mercado</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls60 ws10">nacional de esc<span class="_0 blank"></span>ravos\ue094 e da co<span class="_0 blank"></span>nseqüente \ue093soli<span class="_0 blank"></span>dariedade sup<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra-regi-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2b ws11">onal entre os in<span class="_0 blank"></span>teresses escrav<span class="_0 blank"></span>istas\ue094<span class="fs7 ls51 ws1c v2">14</span><span class="ls24 ws10">. A opção <span class="_0 blank"></span>pelo separatism<span class="_0 blank"></span>o</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws11">viabilizou-se \ue093a<span class="_0 blank"></span> partir do mom<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento em que a<span class="_0 blank"></span> ação conjugada<span class="_0 blank"></span> do</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y39 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls62 ws10">tráfico interpr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ovincial e do m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ovimento antie<span class="_0 blank"></span>scravista logrou</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls59 ws10">\ue091desescravizar\ue092 certas províncias (Ceará e Amaz<span class="_0 blank"></span>onas, 1884) e enfr<span class="_0 blank"></span>a-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws11">queceu a resist<span class="_0 blank"></span>ência escravist<span class="_0 blank"></span>a noutras pro<span class="_0 blank"></span>víncias\ue094. Aí então a<span class="_0 blank"></span> se-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws11">paração passo<span class="_0 blank"></span>u a representa<span class="_0 blank"></span>r \ue093o melhor mo<span class="_0 blank"></span>do de defender<span class="_0 blank"></span> a es-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5f ws19">cravidão contr<span class="_0 blank"></span>a o movimento<span class="_0 blank"></span> abolicionista n<span class="_0 blank"></span>acional\ue094<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1f v2">15</span><span class="ls4b ws1b">, opond<span class="_0 blank"></span>o-se</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls26 ws11">tanto ao grupo<span class="_0 blank"></span> que defendia<span class="_0 blank"></span> a federação, q<span class="_0 blank"></span>uanto à facção d<span class="_0 blank"></span>as clas-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws11">ses dominantes<span class="_0 blank"></span> paulistas que,<span class="_0 blank"></span> diante do cre<span class="_0 blank"></span>scimento do movim<span class="_0 blank"></span>en-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y40 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">to antiescravis<span class="_0 blank"></span>ta, aproximou<span class="_0 blank"></span>-se do Estado m<span class="_0 blank"></span>onárquico. Saes, d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y41 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls31 ws11">mesma forma q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue Emília V<span class="_3 blank"></span>iotti da Costa, aponta a<span class="_0 blank"></span> tendência sepa-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y42 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4b ws10">ratista como m<span class="_0 blank"></span>inoritária entr<span class="_0 blank"></span>e as classes do<span class="_0 blank"></span>minantes paulistas<span class="_0 blank"></span>, in-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y43 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3b ws10">clusive por sofr<span class="_0 blank"></span>er oposição do<span class="_0 blank"></span> capital imperi<span class="_0 blank"></span>alista inglês.</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y44 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws11">No volume da o<span class="_0 blank"></span>bra <span class="ff5">História Geral <span class="_0 blank"></span>da Civilização<span class="_0 blank"></span> Brasileira</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y45 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5e ws11">referente à pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ssagem do Imp<span class="_0 blank"></span>ério para a Re<span class="_0 blank"></span>pública, Sérgio B<span class="_0 blank"></span>uarque</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y46 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls52 ws11">de Holanda af<span class="_0 blank"></span>irma que a situ<span class="_0 blank"></span>ação de insta<span class="_0 blank"></span>bilidade do Impé<span class="_0 blank"></span>rio foi</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y47 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws10">fruto da excess<span class="_0 blank"></span>iva centraliza<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção do sistema<span class="_0 blank"></span> e da dificuldade<span class="_0 blank"></span> en-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y73 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws11">contrada pela<span class="_0 blank"></span>s províncias eco<span class="_0 blank"></span>nomicamente <span class="_0 blank"></span>mais dinâmicas e<span class="_0 blank"></span> em</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y74 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws11">expansão para<span class="_0 blank"></span> prevalecerem<span class="_0 blank"></span>, no âmbito po<span class="_0 blank"></span>lítico, sobre as áre<span class="_0 blank"></span>as</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y75 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws11">tradicionais. N<span class="_0 blank"></span>estes contextos<span class="_0 blank"></span> mais dinâmic<span class="_0 blank"></span>os, a idéia liberal,<span class="_0 blank"></span> que</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y76 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3f ws10">poderia estar <span class="_0 blank"></span>ou não ligada <span class="_0 blank"></span>ao republicani<span class="_0 blank"></span>smo, teria adquir<span class="_0 blank"></span>ido</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y77 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls23 ws16">nova força<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1f v2">16</span><span class="ls54">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y78 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls23 ws10">Ainda segundo<span class="_0 blank"></span> Sérgio Buarqu<span class="_0 blank"></span>e de Holanda<span class="_0 blank"></span>, as idéias separa<span class="_0 blank"></span>-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y79 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws10">tistas que surg<span class="_0 blank"></span>iram no final d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o Império, des<span class="_0 blank"></span>tacadamente no R<span class="_0 blank"></span>io</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y7a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3f ws10">Grande do Sul<span class="_0 blank"></span> e em São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo, teriam <span class="_0 blank"></span>se apresentado c<span class="_0 blank"></span>omo uma</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y7b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5f ws11">alternativa pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra o caso de n<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão ser adotada<span class="_0 blank"></span> a forma republic<span class="_0 blank"></span>ana e</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y7c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls63 ws10">federativa de <span class="_0 blank"></span>governo. Ao con<span class="_0 blank"></span>trário de Emíl<span class="_0 blank"></span>ia V<span class="_3 blank"></span>iotti da Costa e</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4f ws11">Décio Saes, aqu<span class="_0 blank"></span>ele autor cons<span class="_0 blank"></span>idera o separa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tismo paulista um</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3e ws10">movimento de g<span class="_0 blank"></span>rande reperc<span class="_0 blank"></span>ussão, \ue093como se<span class="_0 blank"></span>ria de prever\ue094, tan-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y7f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws11">to dentro como<span class="_0 blank"></span> fora da proví<span class="_0 blank"></span>ncia. \ue093O admir<span class="_0 blank"></span>ável é que, até <span class="_0 blank"></span>fora de</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 xc h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">106</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls64 ws10">São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo, e entre brasile<span class="_0 blank"></span>iros de outras p<span class="_0 blank"></span>rovíncias, o mesm<span class="_0 blank"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls65 ws11">movimento des<span class="_0 blank"></span>pertasse simpa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tias que dificil<span class="_0 blank"></span>mente se poderão</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls50 ws11">conceber no pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ís depois do es<span class="_0 blank"></span>tabelecer<span class="_0 blank"></span>-se nele a repúb<span class="_0 blank"></span>lica fede-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls24 ws10">rativa\ue094. O auto<span class="_0 blank"></span>r menciona as<span class="_0 blank"></span> reações simpá<span class="_0 blank"></span>ticas ao moviment<span class="_0 blank"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls24 ws11">vindas de outr<span class="_0 blank"></span>as províncias e<span class="_0 blank"></span> também apon<span class="_0 blank"></span>ta, por outro lado<span class="_0 blank"></span>, a</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws10">resistência que<span class="_0 blank"></span> se desenvolveu<span class="_0 blank"></span> no norte de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo \ue096\ue093espécie</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws11">de separatismo<span class="_0 blank"></span> contra o sepa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ratismo\ue094<span class="fs7 ls53 ws21 v2">17 </span><span class="ls54">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls63 ws10">Outros estudio<span class="_0 blank"></span>sos, em trabalh<span class="_0 blank"></span>os mais específ<span class="_0 blank"></span>icos, também</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls55 ws10">fizeram referê<span class="_0 blank"></span>ncias às idéias<span class="_0 blank"></span> separatistas p<span class="_0 blank"></span>aulistas. W<span class="_1 blank"></span>ilson Martins,</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y39 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls55 ws10">ao apontar a i<span class="_0 blank"></span>nfluência exer<span class="_0 blank"></span>cida pelas idéi<span class="_0 blank"></span>as positivistas e ev<span class="_0 blank"></span>olucio-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4c ws10">nistas no Brasi<span class="_0 blank"></span>l, argumenta q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue elas deveria<span class="_0 blank"></span>m ter estado mai<span class="_0 blank"></span>s</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls49 ws10">presentes no pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ograma dos re<span class="_0 blank"></span>publicanos, m<span class="_0 blank"></span>as que, ao contrár<span class="_0 blank"></span>io,</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 lsb ws10">em face da \ue093re<span class="_0 blank"></span>alidade cotidia<span class="_0 blank"></span>na da vida pú<span class="_0 blank"></span>blica e dos pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>rtidos\ue094 os</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws10">caminhos foram<span class="_0 blank"></span> outros, chega<span class="_0 blank"></span>ndo ao ridícu<span class="_0 blank"></span>lo e ao inesperad<span class="_0 blank"></span>o. O</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3e ws10">exemplo dado <span class="_0 blank"></span>pelo autor é o s<span class="_0 blank"></span>eparatismo pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ulista:</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y80 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls66 wsd">(...) assim, por ex<span class="_0 blank"></span>emplo, São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo conhecia, a essa altur<span class="_0 blank"></span>a, um</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y81 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls67 wse">movimento separ<span class="_0 blank"></span>atista (que não<span class="_0 blank"></span> era o primeiro, <span class="_0 blank"></span>nem seria o último</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y82 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls68 wsd">de sua história),<span class="_0 blank"></span> insuflado por p<span class="_0 blank"></span>olíticos que, de toda<span class="_0 blank"></span> evidência, tinh<span class="_0 blank"></span>am</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y83 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls66 wsd">as doutrinas e a<span class="_0 blank"></span>s idéias na mais<span class="_0 blank"></span> escassa estima. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Isso levou um</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y84 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls69 wse">fabricante mal s<span class="_0 blank"></span>ucedido a cham<span class="_0 blank"></span>ar de \ue091bonecas separatistas\ue092 os</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y85 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls6a ws24">monstrengos que<span class="_0 blank"></span> fazia, com cabe<span class="_0 blank"></span>ças de porcelan<span class="_0 blank"></span>a vindas da</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y86 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls6b wsd">Alemanha, e que<span class="_0 blank"></span> nem assim conse<span class="_0 blank"></span>guiam encontra<span class="_0 blank"></span>r comprador (...)<span class="fs8 ls6c ws22 v4">18 </span><span class="ls16">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y87 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3f ws10">W<span class="_1 blank"></span>ilson Martins, como Déc<span class="_0 blank"></span>io Saes, também<span class="_0 blank"></span> destaca o cará<span class="_0 blank"></span>ter</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y88 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws11">escravocrata d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o separatismo<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1d v2">1<span class="_0 blank"></span>9<span class="fs0 ls27 ws10 v3">. P<span class="_3 blank"></span>ara o autor<span class="_2 blank"></span>, o ideal republicano</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y89 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws10">somente teria s<span class="_0 blank"></span>ervido como pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>etexto às tend<span class="_0 blank"></span>ências separatist<span class="_0 blank"></span>as<span class="fs7 ls53 ws23 v2">20</span><span class="ls54">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y8a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3e ws10">Além disto, Mar<span class="_0 blank"></span>tins, ao tratar<span class="_0 blank"></span> do romance n<span class="_0 blank"></span>aturalista <span class="ff5 ls2c ws1b">O Cr<span class="_0 blank"></span>omo<span class="ff1">,</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y8b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls6d ws10">de Horácio de <span class="_0 blank"></span>Carvalho, dest<span class="_0 blank"></span>aca o aparecim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento, na obra, <span class="_0 blank"></span>do</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y8c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls6e ws10">movimento sep<span class="_0 blank"></span>aratista paulis<span class="_0 blank"></span>ta. No capítulo<span class="_0 blank"></span> IX, Carvalho teria</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y8d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3d ws11">aberto um par<span class="_0 blank"></span>ênteses para a<span class="_0 blank"></span>firmar que du<span class="_0 blank"></span>rante o ano de 188<span class="_0 blank"></span>8</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y8e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls60 ws11">São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo teria sido marca<span class="_0 blank"></span>do \ue093por dois gr<span class="_0 blank"></span>andes problema<span class="_0 blank"></span>s: o sepa-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y8f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls50 ws11">ratismo e a ab<span class="_0 blank"></span>olição\ue094 (na ver<span class="_0 blank"></span>dade, o texto d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e Carvalho se pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ssa</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y90 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws10">em 1888. No iní<span class="_0 blank"></span>cio deste ano, <span class="_0 blank"></span>o autor afirma<span class="_0 blank"></span>va que a provínc<span class="_0 blank"></span>ia</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y91 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls57 ws10">de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo \ue093achava-se<span class="_0 blank"></span> em lucta\ue094 com <span class="_0 blank"></span>estes dois proble<span class="_0 blank"></span>mas).</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y92 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls59 ws11">Depois de citar<span class="_0 blank"></span> rapidamente<span class="_0 blank"></span> os principais s<span class="_0 blank"></span>eparatistas e suas<span class="_0 blank"></span> obras,</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y93 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4f ws10">o autor observ<span class="_0 blank"></span>ou que o separ<span class="_0 blank"></span>atismo teria fic<span class="_0 blank"></span>ado para segund<span class="_0 blank"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y94 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2c ws10">plano a partir<span class="_0 blank"></span> do crescimento<span class="_0 blank"></span> do abolicionis<span class="_0 blank"></span>mo.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x10 y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">107</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws11">Alguns autores<span class="_0 blank"></span> apontam o sep<span class="_0 blank"></span>aratismo paul<span class="_0 blank"></span>ista como uma</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws11">radicalização <span class="_0 blank"></span>do federalismo<span class="_0 blank"></span>. Suely Robles R<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis de Queiroz<span class="_0 blank"></span> des-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws10">taca que, apes<span class="_0 blank"></span>ar \ue093das numer<span class="_0 blank"></span>osas adesões e <span class="_0 blank"></span>de poucas manife<span class="_0 blank"></span>sta-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">ções reticentes\ue094<span class="_0 blank"></span>, a idéia radic<span class="_0 blank"></span>al não teria pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>evalecido no co<span class="_0 blank"></span>ngres-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws11">so do P<span class="_2 blank"></span>artido Republicano P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulista de 18<span class="_0 blank"></span>87. Segundo a au<span class="_0 blank"></span>tora, \ue093a</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls31 ws10">solução republ<span class="_0 blank"></span>icana federati<span class="_0 blank"></span>va\ue094 teria sido a<span class="_0 blank"></span> mais indicada j<span class="_0 blank"></span>á que</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">atendia aos in<span class="_0 blank"></span>teresses das \ue093z<span class="_0 blank"></span>onas agrárias <span class="_0 blank"></span>mais adiantadas s<span class="_0 blank"></span>em</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2e ws10">por em risco a <span class="_0 blank"></span>unidade nacio<span class="_0 blank"></span>nal\ue094<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1d v2">21</span>. José Ênio Casalecchi apo<span class="_0 blank"></span>nta a</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls60 ws11">estreita ligaçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o entre o desen<span class="_0 blank"></span>volvimento da<span class="_0 blank"></span> província de Sã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y39 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls41 ws10">e as idéias sepa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ratistas; estas<span class="_0 blank"></span> idéias indicar<span class="_0 blank"></span>iam também \ue093a for<span class="_0 blank"></span>ça</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2f ws10">do federalismo<span class="_0 blank"></span> no ideário rep<span class="_0 blank"></span>ublicano\ue094<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1d v2">22</span><span class="ls54">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y3b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls33 ws10">O separatismo<span class="_0 blank"></span> dentro do P<span class="_2 blank"></span>artido Republicano P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulista foi</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3d ws10">igualmente des<span class="_0 blank"></span>tacado por ou<span class="_0 blank"></span>tros pesquisad<span class="_0 blank"></span>ores que se preocu<span class="_0 blank"></span>-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls6f ws10">param, como C<span class="_0 blank"></span>asalecchi, mai<span class="_0 blank"></span>s detidamente <span class="_0 blank"></span>com a análise do <span class="_0 blank"></span>parti-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4f ws10">do. P<span class="_2 blank"></span>ara George Boehr<span class="_0 blank"></span>er<span class="_3 blank"></span>, o PRP teria ass<span class="_0 blank"></span>umido, em relaçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o ao</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls31 ws10">separatismo, a<span class="_0 blank"></span> mesma posiçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o ambivalente <span class="_0 blank"></span>que adotou diante<span class="_0 blank"></span> da</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y40 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls32 ws10">abolição: a ten<span class="_0 blank"></span>tativa era evit<span class="_0 blank"></span>ar maiores com<span class="_0 blank"></span>prometimentos<span class="fs7 ls53 ws25 v2">23 </span><span class="ls3d ws2c">. Na</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y41 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws11">visão de Célio D<span class="_0 blank"></span>ebes, o separa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tismo dentro d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o PRP teria surg<span class="_0 blank"></span>ido</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y42 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls33 ws10">como um meio q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue viabilizass<span class="_0 blank"></span>e seu principal<span class="_0 blank"></span> fim: a federação,</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y43 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4c ws11">estando a ela \ue093<span class="_0 blank"></span>estreitamente <span class="_0 blank"></span>ligado\ue094. Apesar<span class="_0 blank"></span> de \ue093simpático\ue094 <span class="_0 blank"></span>ao</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y44 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls52 ws11">ideário separa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tista, o partid<span class="_0 blank"></span>o teria optado<span class="_0 blank"></span> por adiar a toma<span class="_0 blank"></span>da de</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y45 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls41 ws10">uma posição of<span class="_0 blank"></span>icial<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1d v2">24</span><span class="ls54">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y46 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 lsb ws11">Uma pesquisa e<span class="_0 blank"></span>mpírica minuc<span class="_0 blank"></span>iosa acabou d<span class="_0 blank"></span>emonstrando, no</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y47 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws10">entanto, que a<span class="_0 blank"></span>lgumas das con<span class="_0 blank"></span>siderações feit<span class="_0 blank"></span>as até o momento <span class="_0 blank"></span>so-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y73 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls70 ws11">bre o separatis<span class="_0 blank"></span>mo paulista de<span class="_0 blank"></span> 1887 precisam<span class="_0 blank"></span> ser reavaliadas<span class="_0 blank"></span>. A pri-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y74 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls56 ws10">meira delas re<span class="_0 blank"></span>fere-se à estrita<span class="_0 blank"></span> ligação das i<span class="_0 blank"></span>déias separatista<span class="_0 blank"></span>s com o</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y75 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">republicanismo<span class="_0 blank"></span>. O próprio mo<span class="_0 blank"></span>vimento identi<span class="_0 blank"></span>fica um separati<span class="_0 blank"></span>smo</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y76 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">monárquico e u<span class="_0 blank"></span>m republicano<span class="_0 blank"></span>. Outro ponto <span class="_0 blank"></span>a aprofundar é s<span class="_0 blank"></span>obre</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y77 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 lsb ws10">seu caráter esc<span class="_0 blank"></span>ravocrata, alé<span class="_0 blank"></span>m de algumas <span class="_0 blank"></span>observações sobr<span class="_0 blank"></span>e seus</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y78 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws11">limites cronológ<span class="_0 blank"></span>icos. Assim, a s<span class="_0 blank"></span>eguir<span class="_3 blank"></span>, este artigo pretende expor</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y79 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws11">alguns novos el<span class="_0 blank"></span>ementos para <span class="_0 blank"></span>uma melhor co<span class="_0 blank"></span>mpreensão do mo<span class="_0 blank"></span>vi-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y7a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls52 ws10">mento separat<span class="_0 blank"></span>ista paulista d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e finais do sécu<span class="_0 blank"></span>lo passado.</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y95 ff1 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws26">C <span class="fs6 ls71 ws27">ONSIDERA<span class="_0 blank"></span>ÇÕES<span class="fs4 ls72 ws2d"> </span><span class="lsf ws28">PA R A<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="fs4 ls73 ws2d"> <span class="_5 blank"> </span></span><span class="ls74 ws29">UM<span class="fs4 ls75 ws2d"> </span><span class="ls76 ws2a">APROFUNDAMENT<span class="_0 blank"></span>O<span class="fs4 ls77 ws2d"> </span><span class="ls78 ws2b">HISTORIOGRÁFICO</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y51 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2b ws10">Entre as fontes<span class="_0 blank"></span> utilizadas, Est<span class="_0 blank"></span>á principalme<span class="_0 blank"></span>nte, a imprensa</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y52 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls57 ws10">da cidade de S<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo durante o ano<span class="_0 blank"></span> de 1887, com d<span class="_0 blank"></span>estaque</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y96 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws10">para os jornai<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="ff5 ls50 ws19">Diário P<span class="_3 blank"></span>opular<span class="ff1 ls2c ws10"> e </span><span class="ws16">A Provín<span class="_0 blank"></span>cia de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo<span class="ff1 ws1b">. Dois</span></span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 xc h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">108</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws10">livros que veicu<span class="_0 blank"></span>laram o separ<span class="_0 blank"></span>atismo, publica<span class="_0 blank"></span>dos pelos dois pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>in-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3c ws10">cipais ideólogo<span class="_0 blank"></span>s do movimento<span class="_0 blank"></span> \ue096 Martim Francisco e Alberto</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls79 ws11">Sales \ue096, também<span class="_0 blank"></span> foram analis<span class="_0 blank"></span>ados<span class="fs7 ls35 ws2e v2">25</span>; assim c<span class="_0 blank"></span>omo outras obr<span class="_0 blank"></span>as</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws10">publicadas no <span class="_0 blank"></span>período e que f<span class="_0 blank"></span>aziam referên<span class="_0 blank"></span>cias ao ideário. H<span class="_0 blank"></span>ou-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws10">ve a preocupaç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão ainda de a<span class="_0 blank"></span>preender como<span class="_0 blank"></span> essas idéias re<span class="_0 blank"></span>percu-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws11">tiram em outra<span class="_0 blank"></span>s cidades da P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rovíncia e fora d<span class="_0 blank"></span>ela. Assim, foram</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls41 ws11">consultados os <span class="_0 blank"></span>periódicos das<span class="_0 blank"></span> duas principa<span class="_0 blank"></span>is cidades da P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rovín-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4e ws19">cia depois de S<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo, Campinas (<span class="ff5 ws10">Gazeta de<span class="_0 blank"></span> Campinas<span class="ff1 ls32">, </span><span class="ls27 ws2f">Diário</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y38 ff5 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls65 ws16">de Campinas<span class="ff1 ls4f ws10"> e </span><span class="ws11">Correi<span class="_0 blank"></span>o de Campinas<span class="ff1 ws19">) e<span class="_0 blank"></span> Santos (<span class="ff5 ws11">Diário de S<span class="_0 blank"></span>an-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y39 ff5 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls52 ws30">tos<span class="ff1 ls4a ws10">); e do Rio de Janei<span class="_0 blank"></span>ro (<span class="ff5 ws11">Jornal do Commerc<span class="_0 blank"></span>io<span class="ff1 ls23">, </span><span class="ls32 ws1b">Revista Illustrada<span class="ff1">,</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3a ff5 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws10">O P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aiz<span class="ff1 ls19">, </span><span class="ls3d">Gazeta da T<span class="_2 blank"></span>arde<span class="ff1 ls44"> e </span><span class="ls34 ws31">Novidades<span class="ff1 ls24 ws32">)<span class="_0 blank"></span>.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y3b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws10">É preciso salien<span class="_0 blank"></span>tar que o foco<span class="_0 blank"></span> central foi a im<span class="_0 blank"></span>prensa paulista<span class="_0 blank"></span>-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4f ws10">na. No entanto<span class="_0 blank"></span>, como se mostr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ou necessário <span class="_0 blank"></span>buscar entender <span class="_0 blank"></span>a</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws11">forma como ess<span class="_0 blank"></span>as idéias apar<span class="_0 blank"></span>eceram e foram<span class="_0 blank"></span> questionadas ou</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2c ws11">apoiadas em o<span class="_0 blank"></span>utros contextos<span class="_0 blank"></span>, foi necessário<span class="_0 blank"></span> empreender um <span class="_0 blank"></span>le-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws10">vantamento de<span class="_0 blank"></span> tais repercuss<span class="_0 blank"></span>ões. T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ambém<span class="_0 blank"></span> com o objetivo de<span class="_0 blank"></span> com-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y40 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3c ws10">preender melh<span class="_0 blank"></span>or os ideólogos<span class="_0 blank"></span> e o período em<span class="_0 blank"></span> questão, foram</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y41 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls61 ws10">utilizados os <span class="ff5 ls79">Ana<span class="_0 blank"></span>is da Assemblé<span class="_0 blank"></span>ia Legislativa da P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rovíncia de</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y42 ff5 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws37">São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo<span class="ff1 ws10"> dos anos de 1878, 18<span class="_0 blank"></span>79 e 1887 e alg<span class="_0 blank"></span>umas outras o<span class="_0 blank"></span>bras</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y43 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">de Martim Francisco e Albe<span class="_0 blank"></span>r<span class="_4 blank"> </span>to Sales, assim<span class="_0 blank"></span> como textos de <span class="_0 blank"></span>vários</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y44 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws10">autores de fina<span class="_0 blank"></span>is do século XI<span class="_0 blank"></span>X que também <span class="_0 blank"></span>se preocupavam<span class="_0 blank"></span> em</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y45 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5f ws10">apresentar alt<span class="_0 blank"></span>ernativas à cr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ise que enfrent<span class="_0 blank"></span>avam.</div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y46 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3e ws10">Em contraposiç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão a projetos q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue, de formas<span class="_0 blank"></span> diferentes, pro-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y47 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls28 ws10">puseram soluçõ<span class="_0 blank"></span>es para a naç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão brasileira p<span class="_0 blank"></span>ensada em sua int<span class="_0 blank"></span>e-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y73 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls6e ws33">gralidade<span class="fs7 ls51 ws34 v4">26</span><span class="ls4c ws10"> surgiu a proposta do <span class="_0 blank"></span>separatismo, q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue enfrentou o</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y74 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws11">conturbado co<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntexto brasilei<span class="_0 blank"></span>ro de final do s<span class="_0 blank"></span>éculo XIX, \ue093extir<span class="_0 blank"></span>pan-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y75 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls65 ws11">do\ue094 os \ue093obstácu<span class="_0 blank"></span>los\ue094.</div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y76 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4c ws10">Como já foi me<span class="_0 blank"></span>ncionado, o pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>imeiro desafio <span class="_0 blank"></span>a ser vencido,</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y77 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls24 ws10">foi o de tentar <span class="_0 blank"></span>estabelecer lim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ites cronológic<span class="_0 blank"></span>os para o movim<span class="_0 blank"></span>en-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y78 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls7a ws10">to. No debate p<span class="_0 blank"></span>ela imprensa, <span class="_0 blank"></span>dois jornais, <span class="ff5 ws20">A<span class="_0 blank"></span> P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rovíncia de São</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y79 ff5 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls52 ws35">P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo<span class="ff1 ws19"> e, principalmente, o <span class="ff5">Diário P<span class="_3 blank"></span>opular<span class="ff1 ws20">, abriram espaço signifi-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls30 ws19">cativo para o a<span class="_0 blank"></span>ssunto.</div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y7b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls62 ws10">Tácito de Almei<span class="_0 blank"></span>da datou o iní<span class="_0 blank"></span>cio do movimen<span class="_0 blank"></span>to em 11 de</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws10">fevereiro de 18<span class="_0 blank"></span>87 com a publi<span class="_0 blank"></span>cação do prim<span class="_0 blank"></span>eiro artigo em d<span class="_0 blank"></span>efesa</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3b ws11">do separatismo<span class="_0 blank"></span> paulista assin<span class="_0 blank"></span>ado por Fran<span class="_0 blank"></span>cisco Eugênio P<span class="_2 blank"></span>acheco</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws10">e Silva, sob o p<span class="_0 blank"></span>seudônimo de <span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ls2c ws36">Feps<span class="ff1 ls19 ws10">, no </span><span class="ls50 ws38">Diário P<span class="_3 blank"></span>opular<span class="ff1 ws11">. Na verda-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y7f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws11">de, Martim Francisco R<span class="_0 blank"></span>ibeiro de Andr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ada, usando o <span class="_0 blank"></span>pseudônimo</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x10 y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">109</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3b ws18">de <span class="_3 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ls60 ws39">Nemo<span class="ff1 ws10">, já vinha escrevend<span class="_0 blank"></span>o sobre a supe<span class="_0 blank"></span>rioridade pau<span class="_0 blank"></span>lista e sua</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2f ws11">condição de pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>gadora do Im<span class="_0 blank"></span>pério na seção<span class="_0 blank"></span> \ue093Commentario<span class="_0 blank"></span>s\ue094, do</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls19 ws10">mesmo periódi<span class="_0 blank"></span>co. Em janeiro <span class="_0 blank"></span>de 1887, <span class="ff5 ws3a">Nemo</span>, com o mesm<span class="_0 blank"></span>o tom</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls50 ws10">irônico que ma<span class="_0 blank"></span>rcou toda a su<span class="_0 blank"></span>a produção, h<span class="_0 blank"></span>avia publicado d<span class="_0 blank"></span>ois</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws11">artigos (em 22/<span class="_0 blank"></span>01 e 28/01) em <span class="_0 blank"></span>que reclamava<span class="_0 blank"></span> das diferenças <span class="_0 blank"></span>de</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws11">receitas entre <span class="_0 blank"></span>as províncias e<span class="_0 blank"></span> de cortes de verbas para S<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo.</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls7b ws10">Além disto, o m<span class="_0 blank"></span>esmo jornal no<span class="_0 blank"></span>ticiava, em 03 d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e fevereiro,</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws10">que <span class="ff5 ws3b">Nemo</span><span class="ws19"> estava <span class="_0 blank"></span>escrevendo um<span class="_0 blank"></span> livro intitulad<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="ff5 ws1b">Pátria P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulista<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1d v2">27 </span><span class="ff1 ls54">.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws1b">\ue093<span class="_3 blank"></span>Amigo <span class="ff5 ls24 ws32">Nemo<span class="ff1 ws19">\ue094, ar<span class="_4 blank"> </span>tigo publica<span class="_0 blank"></span>do n\ue092<span class="ff5 ws10">A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rovíncia<span class="ff1 ws11">, em 11 de fev<span class="_0 blank"></span>erei-</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y39 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls19 ws10">ro, por outro d<span class="_0 blank"></span>os principais p<span class="_0 blank"></span>articipantes d<span class="_0 blank"></span>os debates em tor<span class="_0 blank"></span>no</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls26 ws11">das idéias sepa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ratistas, Joaq<span class="_0 blank"></span>uim F<span class="_0 blank"></span>ernando de B<span class="_0 blank"></span>arros, parece refo<span class="_0 blank"></span>r-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3b ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls29 ws10">çar ainda mai<span class="_0 blank"></span>s o papel de <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ws3c">Nemo<span class="ff1 ws11"> como o i<span class="_0 blank"></span>niciador do m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ovimento.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 lsb ws11">Barros afirma<span class="_0 blank"></span>va comungar d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e suas idéias s<span class="_0 blank"></span>eparatistas.</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls63 ws10">Mais um texto <span class="_0 blank"></span>explicita a ant<span class="_0 blank"></span>ecedência do m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ovimento. F<span class="_1 blank"></span>oi</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls65 ws19">um editorial pu<span class="_0 blank"></span>blicado em <span class="ff5 ls6d ws11">A P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rovíncia de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo<span class="ff1 ls65">, em 08 d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls49 ws10">fevereiro, que r<span class="_0 blank"></span>eclamava sobr<span class="_0 blank"></span>e o corte de ve<span class="_0 blank"></span>rbas que a pro<span class="_0 blank"></span>víncia</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y40 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls60 ws10">tinha sofrido p<span class="_0 blank"></span>ara manutenç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão da força pú<span class="_0 blank"></span>blica<span class="fs7 ls53 ws1f v2">28</span><span class="ls70 ws20">. Diante da<span class="_0 blank"></span> expli-</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y41 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3d ws20">cação de que a<span class="_0 blank"></span> P<span class="_1 blank"></span>rovíncia teria sido ex<span class="_0 blank"></span>cluída por possu<span class="_0 blank"></span>ir condi-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y42 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws20">ções financeira<span class="_0 blank"></span>s para se suste<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntar<span class="_3 blank"></span>, o jornal afirm<span class="_0 blank"></span>ava:</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y85 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls7c wsd">Quando a idéa d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e separação ga<span class="_0 blank"></span>nha terreno e no<span class="_0 blank"></span>s partidos monar-</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y86 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls6 wsd">chicos mesmo ap<span class="_0 blank"></span>parecem \ue091separa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tistas\ue092, esse acto<span class="_0 blank"></span> do governo vem</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y97 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls7d wsd">fortalecer os que<span class="_0 blank"></span> procuram uma<span class="_0 blank"></span> nova agremiaçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o politica.</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y98 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls7e wsd">Não vale, pois, a<span class="_0 blank"></span> pena ser rica pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra soffrer todo<span class="_0 blank"></span>s os encargos de-</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y99 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls7f ws3e">terminados pela<span class="_0 blank"></span> união e pelo pro<span class="_0 blank"></span>teccionismo do r<span class="_0 blank"></span>egime</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y9a ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls28 wsd">centralisador e <span class="_0 blank"></span>tudo isso em ben<span class="_0 blank"></span>eficio das outras<span class="_0 blank"></span> provincias e em</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y9b ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1a wsd">desproveito prop<span class="_0 blank"></span>rio.</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y9c ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsa wsd">A provincia de S<span class="_0 blank"></span>. P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo é incontestavelmente a q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue supporta hoje</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y9d ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls9 wsd">maiores sacrifici<span class="_0 blank"></span>os affim de favo<span class="_0 blank"></span>recer as outras<span class="fs8 ls6c ws3d v4">29 </span><span class="ls16">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y9e ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls34 ws10">Mesmo antes d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e 1887, é possív<span class="_0 blank"></span>el localizar<span class="_2 blank"></span>, em alguns textos</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y9f ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls18 ws10">de Martim Francisco (reprod<span class="_0 blank"></span>uzidos em seu<span class="_0 blank"></span> livro citado aci<span class="_0 blank"></span>ma), idéi-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 ya0 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5a ws10">as associadas a<span class="_0 blank"></span>o ideário sepa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ratista que o <span class="_0 blank"></span>autor ajudaria a el<span class="_0 blank"></span>aborar</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 ya1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls41 ws10">anos depois. Em<span class="_0 blank"></span> um discurso p<span class="_0 blank"></span>ronunciado n<span class="_0 blank"></span>a assembléia prov<span class="_0 blank"></span>in-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 ya2 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls41 ws11">cial de São P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo em março<span class="_0 blank"></span> de 1879, a idé<span class="_0 blank"></span>ia da superiori<span class="_0 blank"></span>dade de</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 ya3 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5f ws10">condições e da<span class="_0 blank"></span> viabilidade de<span class="_0 blank"></span> autonomia já<span class="_0 blank"></span> estava presente<span class="_0 blank"></span>:</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 ya4 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls80 wse">Não quero cansa<span class="_0 blank"></span>r a attenção da<span class="_0 blank"></span> assembléa com <span class="_0 blank"></span>algarismo e</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 ya5 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls45 wsd">comparações; ma<span class="_0 blank"></span>s posso assegur<span class="_0 blank"></span>ar que, em conse<span class="_0 blank"></span>quencia de</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 ya6 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1f wse">estudos, e bazea<span class="_0 blank"></span>do em dados est<span class="_0 blank"></span>atisticos, verifiq<span class="_0 blank"></span>uei não existir</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 ya7 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls81 wsd">na America do su<span class="_0 blank"></span>l região alguma<span class="_0 blank"></span> que, tendo a m<span class="_0 blank"></span>esma area</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb y2f w2 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7f8fd2c1-29e6-4b5e-b25d-6dde29806c48/bga.png"><div class="t m0 xc h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">110</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ya8 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls6a wsd">agricultada que<span class="_0 blank"></span> a provincia de <span class="_0 blank"></span>S. P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo, produza eguaes ren-</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ya9 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls82 ws3f">dimentos.</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yaa ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls6d wse">Dá pena, senhor<span class="_0 blank"></span>es, ver tanta riq<span class="_0 blank"></span>ueza tão mal ba<span class="_0 blank"></span>rateada; uma</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yab ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1d wsd">provincia que po<span class="_0 blank"></span>r si só poderia c<span class="_0 blank"></span>onstituir um esta<span class="_0 blank"></span>do, e que, em</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yac ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls11 wsd">menos de 10 ann<span class="_0 blank"></span>os de paz e de t<span class="_0 blank"></span>rabalho, seria a<span class="_0 blank"></span> primeira potencia</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yad ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1e ws42">da America do S<span class="_0 blank"></span>ul, em virtude d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o desgoverno, pó<span class="_0 blank"></span>de ter por</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yae ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsa wse">horisonte a banc<span class="_0 blank"></span>arrota e o descr<span class="_0 blank"></span>edito<span class="fs8 ls83 ws40 v4">30 </span><span class="ls46">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 yaf ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls65 ws10">Estas idéias re<span class="_0 blank"></span>apareceram em<span class="_0 blank"></span> uma circular<span class="_0 blank"></span> dirigida, por</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yb0 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3b ws10">Martim Francisco, ao elei<span class="_0 blank"></span>torado do 5º d<span class="_0 blank"></span>istrito da provín<span class="_0 blank"></span>cia em 18</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yb1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4f ws10">de agosto de 18<span class="_0 blank"></span>81:</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yb2 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls7c wsd">Quando, inician<span class="_0 blank"></span>do uma carreira<span class="_0 blank"></span> politica que tem<span class="_0 blank"></span> sido feliz porque</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yb3 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls12 wsd">buscou arrimo n<span class="_0 blank"></span>a recusa de toda<span class="_0 blank"></span>s as posições qu<span class="_0 blank"></span>e não trouxessem</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yb4 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls84 wsd">o cunho do voto <span class="_0 blank"></span>popular<span class="_3 blank"></span>, pedi ao eleitorado uma<span class="_0 blank"></span> cadeira na</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yb5 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls19 wsd">representação p<span class="_0 blank"></span>rovincial, declar<span class="_0 blank"></span>ei que mais prez<span class="_0 blank"></span>ava o titulo de</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yb6 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3b wsd">paulista do que <span class="_0 blank"></span>o de brazileiro. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Essa affirmativa<span class="_0 blank"></span>, pronunciada sob</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yb7 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls85 wsd">o influxo de enth<span class="_0 blank"></span>usiasmo que era<span class="_0 blank"></span> tão juvenil qua<span class="_0 blank"></span>nto sincero,</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yb8 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls86 wsd">renovo-a hoje, ho<span class="_0 blank"></span>je que o estudo <span class="_0 blank"></span>mais prolongado<span class="_0 blank"></span> dos negocios</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yb9 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls87 wse">e das necessidad<span class="_0 blank"></span>es publicas, da <span class="_0 blank"></span>marcha dos acon<span class="_0 blank"></span>tecimentos e da</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yba ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls88 wsd">nossa historia po<span class="_0 blank"></span>litica, me fornec<span class="_0 blank"></span>e outros e valiosos s<span class="_0 blank"></span>ubsidios</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ybb ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsa wsd">para o conhecim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento dos homens<span class="_0 blank"></span> e para a pratic<span class="_0 blank"></span>a das cousas.</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ybc ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls89 wse">O progresso espa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntoso da provin<span class="_0 blank"></span>cia; a exiguidad<span class="_0 blank"></span>e numerica de</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ybd ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls67 wsd">sua representaç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão; a grandeza <span class="_0 blank"></span>de sua renda e m<span class="_0 blank"></span>uitos outros factos</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ybe ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls86 wsd">de que o povo te<span class="_0 blank"></span>m noção correcta<span class="_0 blank"></span>, me aferram á<span class="_0 blank"></span> crença de que</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ybf ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls28 wsd">não devo desert<span class="_0 blank"></span>ar de idéas expe<span class="_0 blank"></span>ndidas na prim<span class="_0 blank"></span>eira circular que</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yc0 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1c wse">dirigi ao eleitora<span class="_0 blank"></span>do paulista<span class="fs8 ls6c ws41 v4">31</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 yc1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls56 ws11">Em discurso pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>onunciado na <span class="_0 blank"></span>Câmara dos D<span class="_0 blank"></span>eputados em ago<span class="_0 blank"></span>s-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yc2 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2b ws10">to de 1884, Ma<span class="_0 blank"></span>rtim Francisco tratava <span class="_0 blank"></span>de sua desped<span class="_0 blank"></span>ida da vida</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yc3 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls44 ws10">pública, uma d<span class="_0 blank"></span>espedida resse<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntida em cons<span class="_0 blank"></span>eqüência da ain<span class="_0 blank"></span>da</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yc4 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls26 ws11">injusta posição<span class="_0 blank"></span> ocupada pela<span class="_0 blank"></span> província que<span class="_0 blank"></span> representava, da<span class="_0 blank"></span> inuti-</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yc5 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls79 ws11">lidade de seu t<span class="_0 blank"></span>rabalho, da fa<span class="_0 blank"></span>lta de consider<span class="_0 blank"></span>ação por parte<span class="_0 blank"></span> do</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yc6 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls4a ws11">governo centra<span class="_0 blank"></span>l e, razão prin<span class="_0 blank"></span>cipal da \ue093infel<span class="_0 blank"></span>icidade\ue094 da pro<span class="_0 blank"></span>víncia,</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yc7 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls49 ws10">do pouco valor<span class="_0 blank"></span> de sua deputa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção. O autor e<span class="_0 blank"></span>ncerrava apont<span class="_0 blank"></span>ando</div><div class="t m0 xd h2 yc8 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2d ws10">os principais p<span class="_0 blank"></span>ontos de apoio<span class="_0 blank"></span> do discurso se<span class="_0 blank"></span>paratista:</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yc9 ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls8a wsd">Negam-nos tudo<span class="_0 blank"></span>! Quando querem<span class="_0 blank"></span>os progredir<span class="_2 blank"></span>, ostentam-se con-</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yca ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 lse wsd">tra nós os annei<span class="_0 blank"></span>s da engrenagem<span class="_0 blank"></span> centralisadora<span class="_0 blank"></span>; occupam os</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ycb ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls77 wsd">nossos empregos<span class="_0 blank"></span> com gente estra<span class="_0 blank"></span>nha á nossa vida<span class="_0 blank"></span>, aos nossos</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ycc ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls19 wsd">interesses e aos n<span class="_0 blank"></span>ossos meios de a<span class="_0 blank"></span>cção; recusam-n<span class="_0 blank"></span>os até policia,</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ycd ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls19 wsd">afugentando pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra S. P<span class="_2 blank"></span>aulo os gatunos e a escoria d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a população</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yce ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls7c wsd">perseguida aqui<span class="_0 blank"></span> pelos agentes d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a autoridade, e <span class="_0 blank"></span>dando para o poli<span class="_0 blank"></span>-</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 ycf ff1 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls10 wsd">ciamento de uma<span class="_0 blank"></span> zona extensissi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ma a minguada<span class="_0 blank"></span> quantia de 3:000$,</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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