ENEM Apostila de Inglês - Aula 60

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1 
Practice I 
 
After reading the text, answer the following questions 
correctly. 
 
Editorial 
 
 
China’s New Agenda 
 
By The Editorial Board 
 
In one of several surprising and potentially 
welcome shifts in policy, China’s leaders announced 
Friday that they would relax China’s __________ one-
child policy and end its brutal “re-education through 
labor” camps. They also outlined several ambitious 
economic initiatives that could make the country more 
hospitable to private enterprise in the coming years. 
 Even so, they were silent on when and how they 
would carry out these reforms, and they made clear that 
the nation would remain under firm, one-party rule, and 
that neither political dissent nor democracy would be 
tolerated, much less embraced, anytime soon. 
 In a long statement issued Friday following the 
Central Committee conference, Beijing promised 60 
reforms, some of which could significantly change China. 
The initiatives include plans to limit the use of the death 
penalty, allow private investors to start banks, give 
farmers more flexibility in leasing their land and crack 
down on pollution through new taxes and stricter 
enforcement of existing clean air regulations. “We must 
certainly have the courage and conviction to renew 
ourselves,” President Xi Jinping said. 
 As part of its new initiatives, the government will 
create two new oversight groups, one composed of 
senior officials charged with pushing through economic 
reforms, another that would resemble the U.S. National 
Security Council to oversee domestic security and foreign 
policy. 
 Since they took office last year, Mr. Xi and Prime 
Minister Li Keqiang __________ about the need for 
reforms in economic policy, while also making clear that 
they intend to strengthen the Communist Party’s 
authority. Mr. Xi has denounced Western constitutional 
democracy, and his officials have harassed and 
mistreated human rights defenders and political 
dissidents. 
 
 
The announcement of a new national security 
panel suggests that Mr. Xi intends to strengthen his grip 
on the domestic security apparatus and the foreign 
affairs bureaucracy. It is always unwise to make snap 
judgments about where China’s leaders are headed since 
the system is so opaque. But there could be an upside to 
a new national security committee of high-level officials 
if it can rein in other Chinese officials eager for 
confrontation with neighbors like Japan, or if it can help 
coordinate a more effective response to climate change. 
But the greater fear now is that it will also serve as a 
vehicle for repression, making it easier for the 
authoritarian government to persecute Muslim 
protesters in Xinjiang, Buddhists in Tibet and critics in 
general. 
 Set against the government’s authoritarian 
record, the announcements on family size and labor 
camps are genuinely surprising. China’s one-child policy 
in particular has defined the state’s power to control 
individual lives. China first restricted childbirths in the 
1970s because it feared that an exploding population 
imposed an unsustainable burden on economic 
development. 
 From time to time, the policy has been relaxed in 
some parts of the country and for certain ethnic 
minorities. But it has often been brutally applied to force 
women into abortions. The policy has been criticized not 
only by human rights advocates but by economists 
because it contributes to the aging of China’s population 
and its shrinking labor force. Under the new policy, 
couples who are both only children themselves will be 
allowed to have two children. As for forced “re-
education,” introduced by Mao Zedong to lock away 
political opponents, Beijing now promises to give small-
time criminals and political dissidents their day in court 
through community-based corrections systems instead 
of dispatching them to labor camps. 
 Chinese leaders have used similar meetings of 
top officials to outline major policy changes that are then 
fleshed out over the next several years. The leadership 
has not always succeeded in delivering on those 
promises. The previous regime led by President Hu 
Jintao, for instance, failed to reduce the economy’s 
unhealthy dependence on exports and investment and 
give greater emphasis to consumer spending. 
 But if carried through, some of the initiatives 
outlined in the latest meeting could significantly improve 
the lives of Chinese people. 
 
Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/ 
 
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01. O verbo to charge, utilizado em “one composed of 
senior officials charged with pushing through economic 
reforms” (4º parágrafo), pode ser substituído por: 
a) to entrust. 
b) to demand. 
c) to bestow. 
d) to stampede. 
e) to mend. 
 
02. Na sentença “It is always unwise to make snap 
judgments about where China’s leaders are headed since 
the system is so opaque” (6º parágrafo), o vocábulo since 
só não equivale semanticamente a: 
a) seeing that. 
b) once. 
c) barring. 
d) inasmuch as. 
e) for. 
 
03. A lacuna presente no 1º parágrafo deve ser 
coerentemente preenchida por: 
a) profuse. 
b) misunderstood. 
c) suitable. 
d) draconian 
e) painstaking 
 
04. Qual dos seguintes verbos possui a definição abaixo? 
To add more details or information to something 
a) outline (1º parágrafo) 
b) carry out (2º parágrafo) 
c) oversee (4º parágrafo) 
d) flesh out (9º parágrafo) 
e) carry through (10º parágrafo) 
 
05. Marque o item correto. 
a) Uma das mudanças mais aguardadas na política 
interna da China consiste em acabar com as penas de 
trabalho forçado nas cadeias daquele país. 
b) As novas mudanças na política interna chinesa, 
previstas para começarem muito em breve, afetará o país 
em vários segmentos, entre eles o econômico, o político, 
o ambiental e o humanitário. 
c) Defensores dos direitos humanos e dissidentes 
políticos são perseguidos por funcionários do Partido 
Comunista chinês. 
d) Os dois grupos que serão formados para conduzir as 
mudanças propostas pelo governo chinês atuarão 
separadamente e com total autonomia. 
e) As reformas propostas pelo alto escalão do governo 
chinês têm como principal objetivo fortalecer a 
autoridade do Partido Comunista. 
 
06. Assinale a opção correta, de acordo com o texto. 
a) O presidente da China, Xi Jinping, pretende, com as 
medidas anunciadas, aumentar o controle sobre as 
questões de segurança interna e política externa. 
b) A perseguição por razões religiosas e políticas na China 
tende a ser intensificada a partir do momento em que 
algumas das novas políticas de segurança passarem a 
vigorar. 
c) O relaxamento da política chinesa de filho único é 
extremamente surpreendente e sem precedentes na 
história recente daquele país. 
d) A política de filho único, de acordo com os 
economistas, é extremamente prejudicial à China, haja 
vista o acentuado crescimento demográfico não trazer 
tantos malefícios para o mercado interno quanto o rígido 
controle de natalidade. 
e) O governo chinês nem sempre obtém êxito em colocar 
em prática projetos que visem à melhoria das condições 
de vida naquele país. 
 
07. As lacunas presentes no 5º parágrafo do texto devem 
ser preenchidas por: 
a) frequently have been speaking 
b) frequently are speaking 
c) are frequently speaking 
d) frequently have spoken 
e) have frequently spoken 
 
08. A opção que contém a reescrita correta de “The policy 
has been criticized not only by human rights advocates 
but by economists” (8º parágrafo) é Not only human 
rights advocates but economists: 
a) had criticized the policy 
b) criticized the policy 
c) have criticized the policy 
d) have been criticizing the policy 
e) had been criticizing the policy 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANSWERS: ACDDCEEC 
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3 
Practice II 
 
After reading the text, answer the following questions 
correctly. 
 
A Bubble in Pessimism 
 
 
 
“JUST the other day we were afraid of the 
Chinese,” Paul Krugman recently wrote in the New York 
Times. “Now we’re afraid for them.” He is among a 
number of prominent commentators contemplating 
calamity in the world’s second-biggest economy. Three 
measures seem to encapsulate their fears. Economic 
growth has slowed to 7.5%, from its earlier double-digit 
pace. The investment rate remains unsustainably high, at 
over 48% of GDP. Meanwhile, the debt ratio — ie, what 
China’s firms, households and government owe — has 
risen alarmingly, to 200% of GDP, by some estimates. 
 Concerns about the first number were assuaged 
a little this month, when China reported strong figures for 
trade and industrial production (which rose by 9.7% in the 
year to July). Yet beneath the cyclical ups and downs, 
China has undoubtedly seen its momentum slowing. 
 It is the combined productive capacity of China’s 
workers, capital and know-how that sets a maximum 
speed for the economy, determining how fast it can grow 
without inflation. It also decides how fast it must grow to 
avoid spare capacity and a rise in the numbers without 
work. The latest figures suggest that the sustainable rate 
of growth is closer to China’s current pace of 7.5% than to 
the 10% rate the economy was sizzling along at. 
 For many economists, this structural slowdown is 
inevitable and welcome. It marks an evolution in China’s 
growth model, as it narrows the technological gap with 
leading economies and shifts more of its resources into 
services. For Mr Krugman, by contrast, the slowdown 
threatens China’s growth model with extinction. 
 
 
China, he argues, has __________ “surplus 
peasants”. Chinese flooding from the countryside into 
the factories and cities have in the past kept wages low 
and returns on investment high. The flood has slowed 
and, in some cases, reversed. So China can no longer 
grow simply by allocating capital to the new labour 
arriving from the fields. “Capital widening” must now give 
way to “capital deepening” (adding more capital to each 
individual worker). As it does so, investment will suffer 
“sharply diminishing returns” and “drop drastically”. And 
since investment is such a big source of demand — 
accounting for almost half of it — such a drop will be 
impossible to offset. China will, in effect, hit a “Great 
Wall”. (The metaphor is so obvious you can see it from 
space) (…) 
 
Adapted from http://www.economist.com/ 
 
01. A lacuna presente no 5º parágrafo deve ser 
preenchida por: 
a) run off of 
b) run over of 
c) ran over of 
d) run out of 
e) ran out of 
 
02. O vocábulo prominent (1º parágrafo) significa: 
a) very well known and important. 
b) admired for your qualities or achievements. 
c) wanted by many people. 
d) wished for and loved by many people. 
e) known for creating polemics. 
 
03. Julgue os itens a seguir. 
 
I. Após um longo período de forte crescimento, a China 
começa a apresentar sinais de que uma crise econômica 
é iminente. 
II. Apesar de preocupante, a redução no ritmo de 
crescimento da China pode representar indícios de uma 
mudança positiva no modelo de desenvolvimento do 
país. 
III. Os obstáculos que estão por surgir no caminho do 
desenvolvimento da China são quase que 
intransponíveis. 
 
– Agora, marque a opção correta: 
a) Apenas a I está condizente com o texto. 
b) Apenas a II está condizente com o texto. 
c) Apenas a III está condizente com o texto. 
d) Apenas a I e a II estão condizentes com o texto. 
e) Apenas a II e a III estão condizentes com o texto. 
 
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Google said that a cyber spying campaign 
originating in China had targeted Gmail accounts of senior 
US officials, military personnel, journalists and Chinese 
political activists. "We recently uncovered a campaign to 
collect user passwords, likely through phishing," Google 
security team engineering director Eric Grosse said in a 
blog post. "The goal of this effort seems to have been to 
monitor the contents of these users' e-mails, with the 
perpetrators apparently using stolen passwords to change 
peoples' forwarding and delegation settings," he said. The 
campaign appeared to originate in Jinan, China, Grosse 
said, and targeted the personal Gmail accounts of 
hundreds of users of Google's free Web-based e-mail 
service. In response, China said on Thursday it was 
"unacceptable" for Google to accuse it of having played a 
role in the campaign. "To put all of the blame on China is 
unacceptable," Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei told 
reporters. "The so-called statement that the Chinese 
government supports hacking attacks is a total 
fabrication... It has ulterior motives." Those affected 
included senior US government officials, Chinese political 
activists, military personnel, journalists and officials in 
several Asian countries, predominately South Korea, he 
said. 
 
 Adapted from http://zeenews.india.com/ 
 
04. Which of the following headings is suitable to the 
passage? 
a) Chinese hackers involved in cyberattacks 
b) US officials secretly monitored by Chinese hackers 
c) Chinese cyberattack shakes Sino-American relations 
d) China denies role in attack on Google’s Gmail 
e) Made in China phishing struck Google 
 
05. According to the text: 
a) the hacking attack may have obscure reasons. 
b) Chinese authorities demanded official apologies from 
Google. 
c) the authors of the attacks stole passwords from Gmail 
users chiefly through phishing. 
d) the attacks were made in order to modify the victims’ 
schedule. 
e) American and Asian officials were the main victims of 
the cyberattacks. 
 
06. Mark the wrong pair of synonyms: 
a) personnel  staff 
b) effort  exertion 
c) perpetrators  criminals 
d) role  part 
e) fabrication  attainment 
 
China’s tough new attitude is both dangerous and 
counterproductive 
 
WHAT has happened to the “harmonious world” 
that China’s president, Hu Jintao, once championed? 
Where is the charm offensive that was meant to underpin 
it? Recent revelations about its military programmes are 
the latest Chinese moves to have unsettled the world. 
Strip the charm from Chinese diplomacy and only the 
offensive is left. Sino-American relations* are at their 
lowest ebb since a Chinese fighter collided with an 
American EP-3 spyplane a decade ago. 
 In the past few weeks China has made a splash 
with progress on an anti-ship missile and a stealth fighter 
jet. Every country has legitimate interests and the right to 
spend money defending them, especially a growing 
power like China. But [gap 1] their purpose is defensive, 
such weapons will inevitably alarm America and China’s 
neighbours. In the harmonious world China says it seeks, 
assertiveness needs to be matched with reassurance and 
explanation. 
Yet China undermined the confidence-building 
visit this week to Beijing of Robert Gates, America’s 
defence secretary, when it staged a test flight of the new 
jet. It was an unfortunate curtain-raiser for the visit of 
China’s president, Hu Jintao, to Washington on January 
18th. 
 Sino-American relations have been deteriorating 
for a year. On his first visit to China in 2009 President 
Barack Obama was treated with disdain, and the Chinese 
government reacted with fury when he sanctioned arms 
sales to Taiwan that were neither a surprise nor game-
changing and saw the Dalai Lama – also routine for 
American presidents. China broke off military-to-military 
contacts and officials suddenly stopped returning 
American diplomats’ calls. 
 Tensions have also been growing with 
neighbours that China was once careful to cultivate. 
China has more forcefully asserted sovereigntyover 
great swathes of the South China Sea. It overreacted 
after a Chinese trawler rammed a Japanese coastguard 
vessel in contested waters controlled by Japan. It got into 
a spat with India over visas for Kashmiri residents. And it 
failed to condemn the North Korean sinking of a South 
Korean corvette and the shelling of a South Korean 
island. Even Africa, once extremely friendly to China, is 
having doubts. Anger in Zambia is growing over Chinese 
managers who shot at mine workers. 
 
 
 
 
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5 
[gap 2] a single incident sparked the spyplane 
crisis, today’s tensions are the culmination of lots of 
different things. China’s new raw-knuckle diplomacy is 
partly the consequence of a rowdy debate raging inside 
China about how the country should exercise its new-
found power. The liberal, internationalist wing of the 
establishment, always small, has been drowned out by a 
nativist movement, fanned by the internet, which 
mistrusts an American-led international order. Western 
hawks conclude that China has broken with the 
pragmatic engagement it has followed for three decades. 
Its tough new line, they say, warrants an equally tough 
response. 
 
Don’t underestimate America 
 
China’s recent behaviour is in part the product of 
a miscalculation, dating from the global financial crisis. 
Many Chinese believe that America’s power has gone into 
an inexorable decline. Chinese leaders’ preoccupation 
with sweeping changes to the Communist Party 
hierarchy in 2012 may be helping to reinforce this belief. 
At a time of domestic uncertainty, running down the 
foreign opposition is popular. 
 America is certainly losing clout in relative terms, 
but it will remain the world’s most fearsome military 
power for a very long time. If China behaves as though 
America is weak, and seeks to push back its power, a 
querulous but well-tended relationship could slide into 
competition and confrontation and bring about a cold-
war stand-off or rivalry for influence in neighbouring 
states. Already, China’s tough new attitude is having an 
effect. America has redoubled its commitment to 
policing the South China Sea. Japan and South Korea 
have just announced closer defence co-operation. This 
does not serve China’s interests. 
 Mr Hu needs to counter rabid anti-Americanism 
at home by acknowledging the stabilising role the United 
States plays in the region, from which, indeed, China gets 
a huge free ride in the form of safe sea lanes and vast 
supplies of Middle East oil. And he should use his visit to 
America to reassure Mr Obama that pragmatic 
engagement still holds. He needs to show the world an 
open, confident face of a rising China. And though 
Communist leaders don’t “do” apologies, Mr Hu must 
persuade the world that a prickly year has been an 
aberration. 
 
Adapted from http://www.economist.com/ 
 
 
 
* Sino-American or People's Republic of China – United States relations 
It refers to international relations between the People's Republic of 
China (PRC) and the United States of America (USA). Most analysts have 
characterized present Sino-American relations as complex and multi-faceted. The 
United States and the People's Republic of China are usually neither allies nor 
enemies. Generally, the U.S. government and military establishment do not 
regard the Chinese as an adversary, but as a competitor in some areas and a 
partner in others. 
Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/ 
 
07. Judge the following items in accordance with the text 
– right (C) or wrong (E). 
 
I. ( ) The questions made in the 1st paragraph of the text 
were used to express the author’s dissatisfaction with Hu 
Jintao’s policies. 
 
II. ( ) The verbs “to champion” and “to underpin” (1st 
paragraph) can be replaced by to support. 
 
III. ( ) From the sentence “Strip the charm from Chinese 
diplomacy and only the offensive is left” (1st paragraph) 
we can infer that despite the efficiency of its corps 
diplomatique, the Chinese government deals with its 
foreign affairs in a disrespectful way. 
 
IV. ( ) The [gap 1] must be correctly filled with even if. 
 
V. ( ) The suffix -ness (as used in the word “assertiveness” 
– 2nd paragraph) can also be used in ready. 
 
VI. ( ) The sentence “Yet China undermined the 
confidence-building visit this week to Beijing of Robert 
Gates (…) when it staged a test flight of the new jet” (3rd 
paragraph) contains an idea of concession. 
 
VII. ( ) China has not approved the summit between 
Barack Obama and the Dalai-Lama and therefore 
decided to cut straight military and diplomatic 
relationships with the United States. 
 
VIII. ( ) The prefix over- (as used in the word 
“overreacted” – 2nd paragraph) can also be used in 
burdened. 
 
IX. ( ) The [gap 2] must be correctly filled with whereas. 
 
X. ( ) From the last sentence of the text – Mr Hu must 
persuade the world that a prickly year has been an 
aberration – it can be inferred that China’s recent behavior 
towards its foreign affairs is at odds with the actual 
intentions of the country: become an opener economy 
and a more reliable political partner. 
 
 
 
 
ANSWERS: DABDAE|ECECCEECCE