Língua Inglesa Relações Discursivas - Exercícios - Banco de Questões

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Língua Inglesa – Relações Discursivas 
Exercício 1 – Aula 1. 
1 – Which of the following sentences DOES NOT follow the rules of 
punctuation regarding coordinating conjunctions? 
R = Celebrations, and gifts make up the rest. 
2 – Which of the following sentences IS NOT joined by a 
subordinate conjunction? 
R = I enjoy watching Castle´s re-runs on TV, but I don't have much 
free time to do that. 
3 – What type of sentence is composed of INDEPENDENT 
CLAUSES only? 
R = Compound 
4 – Conjunctions are an integral part of the English language. If 
used properly, they can improve almost any type of writing. 
Which of the following presents an inadequate view about them? 
R = A conjunction is a part of speech that functions as a connector 
between two sentences, clauses, phrases, paragraphs or words. 
5 – Which of the following conjunctions is similar to "but," in that it is 
used to join two contrasting ideas and really emphasizes a contrast? 
R = Yet 
6 – Which of the following is NOT a Coordinating Conjunction? 
R = Whereas 
7 – Read the sentences below and choose the conjunctions which 
best fit in the blanks. 
You can do it ........ you like. 
........ the road was icy, the old lady fell down the stairs. 
You can have fish ........ chicken. 
The weather was very beautiful yesterday, ........ I chose to stay 
home and work. 
Lucy is a good friend of mine ........ we don't see each other very 
often. 
........ you run, you will be late for work 
R = however - because - or - but - though - even if 
8 – ► Which of the sentences below contains a subordinating 
conjunction? 
R = When she got home, she found a present on the table. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 1. 
1 – Which of the following conjunctions is used to join clauses in a 
cause and effect relationship, and is similar in meaning to the 
subordinating conjunction "hence"? 
R = SO 
2 – Conjunctions are like hinges. They connect words, phrases, and 
clauses. 
Read the following comments about them and choose the one which 
is inadequate. 
R = So is used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship, and 
is similar in meaning to the coordinating conjunction "hence." Both 
words indicate an effect or result of something. 
3 – Read the text below: 
"That the telling of tales is a constant activity everywhere seems 
clear enough, yet this activity is by no means uniform in the various 
parts of the world, and as one moves over the continents, he finds 
extraordinary variability within the uniformity of the general practice. 
At first view this variety may seem merely kaleidoscopic and 
lawless. However, only a little careful study is needed to show that, 
like other elements of human culture, folktales are not mere 
creatures of chance. They exist in time and space. They are also 
affected by the nature of the land where they are current, by the 
linguistic and social contacts of its people, and by the lapse of the 
years and their accompanying historic changes. An approach to the 
understanding of the folktales of the world demands, therefore, that 
use be made of all possible resources furnished by the labors of 
historians, geographers, ethnographers, and psychologists, whose 
theories can be used to back up future discoveries." 
(THOMPSON, Stith. The Folktale. Los Angeles: University of 
California Press, 1977, P.13) 
► Which of the items in bold exemplifies a coordinating conjunction 
indicating contrast? 
R = yet 
4 – Conjunctions are the 'joining words' of a language. A sentence is 
broken up into parts and joined together as a whole by using these 
connecting words of the English language.. 
Which of the following comments IS NOT appropriate as far as 
conjunctions are concerned? 
R = Because can be used as a conjunction as it is portrayed in: The 
game was cancelled because of the heavy rain. 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 2. 
1 – A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. 
Some clauses are independent, others are dependent. Dependent 
clauses act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns. A dependent clause 
that acts as a noun is called a noun clause. 
In the following noun clause, Paul Newman, who was a very famous 
movie actor, died many years ago, why is it necessary the use of 
commas? 
R = Because ´who was a very famous movie actor´ functions as the 
appositive. Noun clauses are nominals and can act as appositives. 
In that case, they may require commas if they are not essential to 
the meaning of the sentence.. 
2 – In which alternative the noun clause is an object of a 
preposition? 
R = e) Mary is not responsible for what Billy did. 
3 – What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following 
sentence? 
Robert told me that the show was cancelled. 
R = Object 
4 – The main clauses in the following sentences are underlined. 
Choose the one which was corectly underlined. 
R = I walk to work every morning so that I can get some exercise. 
5 – SUBORDINATE CLAUSES can be classified under the following 
heading, EXCEPT: 
R = Pronominal Clauses 
6 – Identify the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following 
sentence: "Billy¿s mistake was that he refused to take lessons". 
R = Subject Complement 
7 – Read the text below: 
Since their expulsion from Spain in 1492, Sephardic Jews have 
managed to maintain their Jewish faith and Spanish group identity 
and have developed a uniquely Judeo-Spanish culture wherever 
they settled. Among the important cultural ties within these 
Sephardic groups are Judeo-Spanish folktales, stories that have 
been passed down from generation to generation, either in the 
distinct language of the group, Judeo-Spanish (Ladino), or in other 
languages, such as Hebrew. In The Heart Is a Mirror, what Tamar 
Alexander-Frizer does is to examines the folk narratives of 
Sephardic Jews to view them both in relation to universal narrative 
traditions and the traditions of Jewish culture. 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Mirror-Sephardic-
Folktale-Anthropology/dp/0814329713 
► What is the function of the highlighted noun clause in the 
passage above? 
R = Subject 
8 – What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following 
sentence? 
That Lucy learns how to sing is a miracle. 
R = Subject 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 2. 
1 – What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following 
sentence? 
I am interested in learning science. 
R = Object of the preposition 
2 – CLassify the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following 
sentence: "Mary is not responsible for what Billy did". 
R = Object of a Preposition 
3 – Syntax is the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence. 
It concerns both word order and agreement in the relationship 
between words. Syntax is primarily concerned with structure of 
sentences. Syntax is a component of grammar. 
Check the appropriate syntactic function of the noun clause in the 
sentence below: 
I will give whoever helps me wash my dogs a reward. 
R = Indirect object. 
4 – Read the text below: 
"From wicked queens, beautiful princesses, elves, monsters, and 
goblins to giants, glass slippers, poisoned apples, magic keys, and 
mirrors, the characters and images of fairy tales have cast a spell 
over readers and audiences, both adults and children, for 
centuries." 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com.br/Once-Upon-Time-Short-
History/dp/0198718659 
► How many clauses are the in the previous passage? 
R = 1 
5 – Read the following paragraph and choose the words which are 
appropriate to fill in the blanks: 
A Relative Clause, also called an ........ clause, is a ........ clause that 
modifies a noun by making it more ........ or adding additional 
information about it. A relative clause always ........ a relative 
pronoun, which refers back to the noun it ......... 
R = adjective - dependent - specific - contains - modifies 
6 – In order to master the grammar of a language, we need to 
understand certain details aboutit. 
Choose the comment among the ones below which is INCORRECT. 
R = A clause is always considered as a full grammatical sentence. 
7 – In which of the following sentences is it possible to omit the word 
´that´? 
R = The dish that I ordered was delicious. 
8 – What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following 
sentence? "We are all afraid that the final exam will be difficult". 
R = Adjective Complement 
 
Exercício 3 – Aula 2. 
1 – Which of the following sentences has a noun clause whose 
function is that of a subject complement? 
R = Susan looks as if she is a wealthy woman. 
2 – What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following 
sentence? 
Robert told whoever wants to know that the show was cancelled. 
R = Indirect object 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 3. 
1 – Relative pronouns can perform syntactic functions in the English 
language. What is the syntactic function of the relative pronoun in 
the sentence below? 
I spoke to the man who owns the department store. 
R = Subject. 
2 – Read the text below: 
In ten succinct chapters, Marina Warner digs into a rich hoard of 
fairy tales in their brilliant and fantastical variations, so that she can 
define a genre and evaluate a literary form that has been shifting 
through time and history. Her book makes a persuasive case for 
fairy tale, a crucial repository of human understanding and culture. 
(Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com.br/Once-Upon-Time-Short-
History/dp/0198718659 
► What kind of subordinate clause is highlighted in the passage 
above? 
R = An adjective clause having a restrictive function 
3 – In which clause the relative pronoun is NOT analyzed correctly? 
R = She introduced me to her husband, WHO(M) I hadn¿t met 
before. (subject) 
4 – What would NOT be the right way to join these sentences: "He is 
the man. I sent the money to him." 
R = e) He is the man whose I sent the money to. 
5 – Choose the alternative whose relative pronoun can fill the space 
appropriately: The students __________ broke the window are not 
from our school. 
R = who 
6 – What would be the right way to join these sentences below ?: 
Mr. Wanderbilt whom I met at the theatre last night is a famous 
musician. Mr. Wanderbilt is very famous. 
R = Mr. Wanderbilt, whom I met at the theatre last night, is a 
very famous musician. 
7 – Choose the alternative whose relative pronoun can fill the space 
appropriately: The driver, ____________ car was in bad conditions, 
was drunk. 
R = whose 
8 – In which alternative the sentences are not correctly joined? 
R = b) You are the expert. We want your advice. - You are the 
expert which advice we want. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 3. 
1 – What would NOT be the right way to join these sentences: 
"She's the nurse. I gave the flowers to her." 
R = c) She's the nurse whose flowers I gave to her. 
2 – Consider how these two sentences can be combined and 
choose the appropriate answer: 
I introduced my husband to Sally. Sally's mother is my neighbor. 
R = I introduced my husband to Sally, whose mother is my neighbor. 
3 – Read the text below. Put in the right relative pronouns ONLY 
where necessary. Then choose the the correct option below. 
 A CHANCE IN A MILLION: "Cissie, the woman (1)...... works in our 
office, wanted to phone Mr. Robinson, but she dialed the wrong 
number. The number (2)...... she dialed turned out to be the number 
of a public call box in the street. A man,(3)..... was passing at the 
time, heard the phone ringing and answered it. 'Is that Mr. 
Robinson?' Cissie asked. 'Speaking,' the man answered. It turned 
out that the man (4)..... she was speaking to was actually called 
Robinson and had just happened to be passing the call box when 
she rang! 
R = who - Ø - who - Ø 
4 – What would NOT be the right way to join these sentences: (1) 
She's the nurse. (2) I gave the flowers to her. 
R = She is the nurse whose flowers I gave to her. 
5 – When we think of an adjective, we usually think about a single 
word used before a noun to modify its meanings . However, an 
adjective can also come in the form of an adjective clause. 
Read the comments below and choose the appropriate one. 
R = Restrictive or essential adjective clauses offers essential 
information and is needed to complete the sentence's thought. They 
are closely connected with their heads. These clauses tell us which 
person or thing the speaker means. 
6 – What would be the right way to join the sentences below ?: 
My sister who lives in Nova Friburgo came to see me last summer. (I 
have three sisters.) 
R = My sister who lives in Nova Friburgo came to see me last 
summer. 
7 – Read the text below: 
In part 1 of the book, Alexander-Frizer investigates the relationship 
between folk literature and group identity via the stories' connection 
to Hebrew canonical sources, their historical connection to the land 
of origin, their treatment of prominent family members and historical 
events, and their connection to the surrounding culture in the lands 
of the Spanish Diaspora. Part 2 contains an analysis of several 
important genres and subgenres present in the folktales, which 
includes legends, ethical tales, fairy tales, novellas, and humorous 
tales. Finally, in part 3, Alexander-Frizer discusses the art of 
storytelling, introducing the theatrical and rhetorical aspects tied up 
in the Sephardic folktales, such as the storyteller, the audience, and 
the circumstances of time and place. 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Mirror-Sephardic-
Folktale-Anthropology/dp/0814329713 
► What kind of subordinate clause is highlighted in the passage 
above? 
R = An adjective clause having a non-restrictive function 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 4. 
1 – As far as adverb clauses are concerned, which of the following is 
correctly punctuated? 
R = I arrived early so as not to miss anything. 
2 – Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: "[As I 
don't know the way], I'll take a taxi". 
R = d) Reason 
3 – Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: ''[As I 
don't know the way], I'll take a taxi.'' 
R = Reason 
4 – Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: 
''[Although he worked hard], he failed the final exam''. 
R = Concessive 
5 – Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: "We 
had no electricity during the storm, [so we had to use candles]". 
R = e) Result 
6 – Read the text below: 
In ten succinct chapters, Marina Warner digs into a rich hoard of 
fairy tales in their brilliant and fantastical variations, so that she can 
define a genre and evaluate a literary form that keeps shifting 
through time and history. Her book makes a persuasive case for 
fairy tale, a crucial repository of human understanding and culture. 
 (Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com.br/Once-Upon-Time-
Short-History/dp/0198718659) 
► What kind of subordinate clause is highlighted in the passage 
above? 
R = An adverbial cause indicating purpose 
7 – Justify the position of the adverb clause in the following: 
When Bob asked Pat for a candy, she said she didn't have any. 
R = If the action described in the adverb clause precedes the action 
in the main clause, it is logical to place the adverb clause at the 
beginning of the sentence. 
8 – What does the following adverbial clause indicate? 
She didn´t buy half so/as many shoes as she thought she would. 
R = Comparison. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 4. 
1 – Read the text below: 
Since Sephardic Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, they 
have managed to maintain their Jewish faith and Spanish group 
identity and have developed a uniquely Judeo-Spanish culture 
wherever they settled. Among the important cultural ties within these 
Sephardic groups are Judeo-Spanish folktales, stories that have 
been passed down from generation to generation, either in the 
distinct language of the group, Judeo-Spanish (Ladino), or in otherlanguages, such as Hebrew. In The Heart Is a Mirror, Tamar 
Alexander-Frizer examines the folk narratives of Sephardic Jews to 
view them both in relation to universal narrative traditions and the 
traditions of Jewish culture. 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Mirror-Sephardic-
Folktale-Anthropology/dp/0814329713 
► What kind of subordinate clause is highlighted in the passage 
above? 
R = An adverbial cause indicating time 
2 – What does the following adverbial clause indicate? 
No matter how hard I try, most people seem to have difficulty to 
understand me. 
R = Concession. 
3 – Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: "[Even 
though he worked hard], he failed the final exam". 
R = b) Concessive 
4 – What does the following adverbial clause indicate? 
Since you cannot sew your own clothes yourself, you will have to 
ask Julie to do it for you. 
R = Reason. 
5 – These are comments about adverbial clauses. 
Which of them is inappropriate? 
R = Concessive clauses are used to concede a given point in an 
argument. The principle concessive conjunctions introducing a 
concessive clause are: although, considering (that), though, even 
though, even if; much as , while, whereas, however, 
much/badly/good, etc., no matter how, etc., no matter how much. 
They ought to be used in the beginning of the clause. 
 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 5. 
1 – Read the text below: 
If there is one genre that has captured the imagination of people in 
all walks of life throughout the world, it is the fairy tale. Yet we still 
have great difficulty understanding how it originated, evolved, and 
spread--or why so many people cannot resist its appeal, no matter 
how it changes or what form it takes. In this book, not only does 
renowned fairy-tale expert Jack Zipes present a provocative new 
theory about why fairy tales were created and retold, but he also 
explains why they became such an indelible and infinitely adaptable 
part of cultures around the world. 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Irresistible-Fairy-Tale-
Cultural-History-
ebook/dp/B007BOKJAE/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=jack+zipes
&qid=1586902447&s=books&sr=1-1 
► The highlighted elements in the text serve to exemplify the use 
of: 
R = The use of correlative conjunctions 
2 – Choose the CORRECT correlative conjunction for the following 
sentence: ''When they found the man who had been lost for four 
days, he was ___tired __hungry". 
R = not only ..... but also 
3 – A correlative conjunction is a paired conjunction (such as not 
only . . . but also) that links balanced words, phrases, and clauses. 
The elements connected by correlative conjunctions are usually 
parallel ¿ that is, similar in length and grammatical form. 
Check the sentences below to see if they were all correctly 
constructed. Most of them were, except ... 
R = Not only Mary grilled burgers for Michael, but she also 
prepared a steak for her dog, Marley. 
4 – In which alternative the correlative conjunction is not parallel? 
R = a) I wondered WHETHER to make the telephone call NOR to 
see her in person. 
5 – Read the text below: 
Drawing on cognitive science, evolutionary theory, anthropology, 
psychology, literary theory, and other fields, Zipes presents a 
nuanced argument about how fairy tales originated in ancient oral 
cultures, how they evolved through the rise of literary culture and 
print, and how, in our own time, they continue to change through 
their adaptation in an ever-growing variety of media. In making his 
case, Zipes both considers a wide range of fascinating examples 
(including fairy tales told, collected, and written by women in the 
nineteenth century) and reflects upon Catherine Breillat's film 
adaptation of Perrault's "Bluebeard", contemporary fairy-tale 
drawings, paintings, sculptures, and photographs that critique 
canonical print versions. 
► The highlighted elements in the text serve to exemplify the use 
of: 
R = The use of correlative conjunctions 
6 – These are special ´reminders´one should have in mind when 
dealing with ellipsis. 
Find the one which IS NOT appropriate. 
R = A comma is not used when the missing words are clearly 
understood. 
7 – Check the elliptical adverb clauses in the following sentences 
and what they modify. 
Choose the one which IS NOT adequate. 
R = Jane is a better basketball player than Jeanne is a good 
basketball player. Than Jane is a better basketball player modifies 
the adjective good. 
8 – Whenever there is a correlative conjunction, the clauses are 
going to be classified as correlative clauses according to this 
conjunction. 
How would you classify the sentences below? 
Such was the nature of their relationship that they never would have 
made it even if they¿d wanted to. 
R = Comparative correlative clause. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 5. 
1 – The following quote from Albert Einstein examplifies the use of a 
specific type of conjunction. Which one? ''The more I learn, the more 
I realize how much I don't know.'' 
R = Correlative 
2 – Besides subordinate and coordinate clauses, there are other 
types that we should pay attention to. 
Read the following comments and choose the one which IS NOT 
appropriate. 
R = Intercalated clauses are clauses which are separated from the 
rest of the paragraph by some kind of pause. In written, they are 
signaled by full stop, comma, dash, semicolon or parentheses. 
3 – There are three main types of elliptical construction. 
Identify the type of elliptical construction which has occurred in the 
following and check which one IS NOT adequate. 
R = The soldiers went swimming, and Peter went [swimming], too. - 
verb ellipsis. 
4 – In which alternative there is an example of an ADDITIVE 
CORRELATIVE CLAUSE? 
R = She wanted neither a cupcake nor a pie. 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 6. 
1 – Consider the following sentences and find the one in which an 
example of ´bare infinitive´ IS NOT found. 
R = She had been hoping to buy a new car. 
2 – In the sentence "He was eager to leave for vacation," which of 
the following is true? 
R = e) An infinitive serves as an adverb. 
3 – The following are classifications of INFINITIVE CLAUSES, 
EXCEPT: 
R = Dangling Modifier 
4 – As far as verbals are concerned, the following comments are 
adequate, except ... 
R = Gerunds may function as adverbs. 
5 – In which alternative the infinitive clause is an adverb? 
R = d) Kelvin, an aspiring comic book artist, is taking Anatomy and 
Physiology this semester TO UNDERSTAND THE INTERPLAY OF 
MUSCLE AND BONE IN THE HUMAN BODY. 
6 – "The parents were lucky TO HAVE FOUND this specialist for 
their sick child". The previous sentence exemplifies the use of: 
R = A perfect infinitive 
7 – In which alternative the sentence is NOT correctly punctuated? 
R = Janice and her friends went to the mall, to flirt with the cute guys 
who congregate at the food court. 
8 – The following sentences are comments about ´split infinitive´. 
Read them and check which one is inadequate. 
R = Split infinitive is acceptable even in formal writing. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 6. 
1 – Read the text below: 
Murder, mutilation, cannibalism, infanticide, and incest: the darker 
side of classic fairy tales is the subject of this groundbreaking and 
intriguing study of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm¿s Nursery and 
Household Tales. This expanded edition includes a new preface and 
an appendix featuring translations of six tales with commentary by 
Maria Tatar. Throughout the book, Tatar draws on the disciplinary 
tools of psychoanalysis and folklore while also providing historical 
context to explore the harsher aspects of these stories, presenting 
new interpretations of tales that engage in a kind of cultural 
repetition compulsion. No other book so thoroughly challenges us to 
rethink the happily-ever-after of these classic stories. 
 Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Hard-Facts-Grimms-Fairy-Tales-ebook 
► The highlighted element in the text serves to exemplify the use 
of: 
R = An infinite as direct object 
2 – Read the text below: 
Murder, mutilation, cannibalism, infanticide, and incest: the darker 
side of classic fairy tales is the subject of this groundbreaking and 
intriguing study of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm's Nursery and 
Household Tales. This expanded edition includes a new preface and 
an appendix featuring translations of six tales with commentary by 
Maria Tatar. Throughout the book, Tatar draws on the disciplinary 
tools of psychoanalysis and folklore while also providing historical 
context to explore the harsher aspects of these stories, presenting 
new interpretations of tales that engage in a kind of cultural 
repetition compulsion. No other book so thoroughly challenges us to 
rethink the happily-ever-after of these classic stories. 
 Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Hard-Facts-Grimms-
Fairy-Tales-ebook 
► The highlighted element in the text serveS to exemplify the use 
of: 
R = An infinitive as adverb 
3 – Read the sentences below, check the syntactic function of the 
underlined Infinitive clauses and choose the correct answer. 
Jack loves to visit public gardens. 
The lawyer´s advice is to file a complaint at once. 
R = direct object - subject complement 
4 – In which alternative the infinitive clause is AN ADVERB? 
R = Kelvin, an aspiring comic book artist, is taking Anatomy and 
Physiology this semester to understand the interplay of muscle and 
bone in the human body. 
5 – Consider the following examples of infinitive and check the one 
which IS NOT correctly punctuated. 
R = Those basketball shoes, to be perfectly honest do not 
complement the suit you are wearing. 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 7. 
1 – Consider the sentences below and choose the one which IS 
NOT adequate. 
R = A gerund clause means that a verb is being used in the role of 
an adjective in a particular sentence. 
2 – ´Eating strawberries without washing them´ may be bad for your 
health. ´Eating strawberries without washing them´ is a gerund 
clause. Which word(s) has the role of a direct object in the clause? 
R = Strawberries. 
3 – Read the text below: 
The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of 
Fairy Tales 
Bruno Bettelheim was one of the great child psychologists of the 
twentieth century and perhaps none of his books has been more 
influential than this revelatory study of fairy tales and their universal 
importance in (1) understanding childhood development. By (2) 
analyzing a wide range of traditional stories, from the tales of 
Sindbad to "The Three Little Pigs," "Hansel and Gretel," and "The 
Sleeping Beauty," Bettelheim shows how the fantastical, sometimes 
cruel, but always deeply significant narrative strands of the classic 
fairy tales can aid in our greatest human task, that of finding 
meaning for one's life. 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Uses-Enchantment 
► The highlighted elements in the text serve to exemplify the use of 
gerunds. Bearing this in mind, what are the functions of (1) and (2) 
respectively? 
R = (1) Gerund as object of a preposition/ (2) Gerund as adverb 
4 – Read the following considerations about the use of the gerund or 
the infinitive and choose the one which is inappropriate. 
R = She forgot telling me the great news. - When the meanings that 
are used want to talk about the future time, the gerund is used. 
5 – Choose the option which is clearly stated: 
R = My mother´s playing the piano always pleases my father. 
6 – In which alternative the verb in brackets is CORRECTLY 
APPLIED? 
R = I adore [cooking]. 
7 – In the sentence ''John likes [studying] at the library,'' the word in 
brackets is correctly classified as which of the following? 
R = gerund 
8 – In which alternative the clause in brackets is a GERUND? 
R = [Jamming too much clothing into a washing machine] will result 
in disaster. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 7. 
1 – In which alternative the verb is incorrectly used? 
R = Don't worry, Sue. I won't forget calling you tonight. 
2 – In this sentence, the participial clause is ambiguous. "Delores 
noticed her cousin WALKING ALONG THE SHORELINE." (Who 
was walking along the shoreline, Delores, her cousin or both?) 
Rewriting the sentence, which one implies that it was the cousin who 
was walking along the shoreline (attention at the punctuation)? 
R = a) Delores noticed her cousin, who was walking along the 
shoreline. 
3 – Consider the function of the underlined words in the sentences 
below and check the appropriate answer: 
Marley´s favourite activity is eating. - subject complement. 
Drinking Coca cola is one of the most unhealthy habits. - subject 
I hope that you appreciate my offering you this job. - direct object 
Her husband insists on her cleaning the house every day. - object of 
a preposition. 
R = All of them are correct. 
4 – In which alternative the verb in brackets is CORRECTLY 
APPLIED? 
R = They delayed [leaving]. 
5 – In which alternative the verb is correctly applied? 
R = b) I adore cooking. 
6 – Read the text below: 
This revised, expanded, and updated edition of the 1979 landmark 
"Breaking the Magic Spell" examines the enduring power of fairy 
tales and the ways they invade our subjective world. In seven 
provocative essays, Zipes discusses the importance of 
investigating oral folk tales in their socio-political context and traces 
their evolution into literary fairy tales, a metamorphosis that often 
diminished the ideology of the original narrative. Zipes also looks at 
how folk tales influence our popular beliefs and the ways they have 
been exploited by a corporate media network intent on regulating 
the mystical elements of the stories. He examines a range of 
authors, including the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Anderson, 
Ernst Bloch, Tolkien, Bettelheim, and J.K. Rowling to demonstrate 
the continuing symbiotic relationship between folklore and literature. 
(Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com.br/Breaking-Magic-Spell-
Radical-Theories-ebook/dp/B0078XFN90) 
► The highlighted elements in the text serve to exemplify the use 
of: 
R = Gerunds as objects of prepositions 
7 – In the sentence ''[Waiting] for the late bus, I decided finally to 
learn how to drive,'' the word in brackets is correctly classified as 
which of the following? 
R = participle 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 8. 
1 – Which sentence presents an -ING structure functioning as 
a NOUN? 
R = There are not many ways of mending somebody´s heart. 
2 – In the sentence ''I hope to vacation in Canada next year'', which 
of the following is true? 
R = An infinitive serves as a direct object. 
3 – Consider the characteristics of Participles and choose the option 
which is inapropriate. 
R = Participles are verbals that usually function as adjectives and 
occasionally function as adverbs and even nouns. 
4 – In the sentence ''He was eager to leave for vacation'', which of 
the following is true? 
R = An infinitive serves as an adverb. 
5 – Which of the following sentences is an example of gerund? 
R = Snowboarding in high mountains is a difficult task. 
6 – What does the underlined word in the following sentence 
exemplifiy? 
The dancing dogs entertained the crowd. 
R = Participle. 
7 – ''The wine urges me on, the bewitching wine, which sets even a 
wise man to [singing] and to [laughing] gently and rouses him up to 
dance and brings forth words which were better unspoken''. 
(Homer). The verbs in brackets are, respectively: 
R = gerund and gerund 
8 – Read the text below: 
Russian Folk Belief 
A scholarly work that aims to be both broad enough in scope to 
satisfy upper-division undergraduates (1) studying folk belief and 
narrative, (2) detailed enough to meet the needs of graduate 
students in the field. Each of the seven chapters in Part 1 focuses 
on one aspect of Russianfolk belief, such as the pagan background, 
Christian personages, devils and various other logical categories of 
the topic. The author's thesis - that Russian folk belief represents a 
"double faith" whereby Slavic pagan beliefs are overlaid with popular 
Christianity - is persuasive and has analogies in other cultures. The 
folk narratives constituting Part 2 are translated and include a wide 
range of tales, from the briefly anecdotal to the more fully developed 
narrative, covering the various folk personages and motifs explored 
in Part 1. 
(Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Russian-Folk-Belief-Linda-
Ivanits ) 
► The highlighted elements (1) and (2) in the text serve to 
exemplify, respectively, the use of: 
R = (1) participle / (2) participle 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 8. 
1 – Choose the comment which is adequate. 
R = The student earning the highest grade point average will receive 
a special award. - participial clause 
2 – A dangling modifier is a word or clause that modifies a word not 
clearly stated in the sentence. A modifier describes, clarifies, or 
gives more detail about a concept. 
Which of the following is an example of dangling modifier? 
R = Hoping to excuse my lateness, the note was written and given 
to my teacher. 
3 – What does the word in brackets in the following sentence 
exemplifiy? "The kittens [crouching] under the bed have refused to 
come out". 
R = Participle 
4 – Identify the underlined words and the comments about 
them and choose the appropriate one. 
R = Lucy's confusing attitude did not contribute to solve the mystery 
- participle 
5 – Read the text below: 
Russian Folk Belief 
 "A scholarly work that aims to be both broad enough in scope to 
satisfy upper-division undergraduates studying folk belief and 
narrative, detailed enough to meet the needs of graduate students in 
the field. Each of the seven chapters in Part 1 focuses on one 
aspect of Russian folk belief, such as the pagan background, 
Christian personages, devils and various other logical categories of 
the topic. The author's thesis - that Russian folk belief represents a 
'double faith' whereby Slavic pagan beliefs are overlaid with popular 
Christianity - is persuasive and has analogies in other cultures. The 
folk narratives (1) translated in Part 2 include a wide range of tales, 
from the briefly anecdotal to the more fully developed narrative, (2) 
covering the various folk personages and motifs explored in Part 1." 
► The highlighted elements (1) and (2) in the text serve to 
exemplify, respectively, the use of: 
R = (1) participle / (2) participle 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 9. 
1 – In which alternative the sentence is correctly punctuated? 
R = a) When in doubt, mumble; when in trouble, delegate. 
2 – Consider the following statements and choose the one which IS 
NOT appropriate. 
R = Punctuation is one of the most important aspects of both oral 
and written English, and yet it is one that is taken the most lightly. 
3 – Which of the following punctuation marks is used IN A SIMPLE 
SENTENCE? 
R = It all depends on the sentence. Anyway, the most important 
punctuation mark in this case is the full stop at the end of it. 
4 – Which of the following punctuation marks is used TO JOIN TWO 
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES THAT ARE NOT CONNECTED WITH A 
COORDINATING CONJUNCTION? 
R = A semicolon 
5 – Which of the following punctuation marks is used FOR DIRECT 
CITATION OF INFORMATION? 
R = Quotation marks 
6 – Which of the following DOES NOT NEED an exclamation mark? 
Happy birthday, Amy! 
Thank you, Sheldon! 
I hate you! 
Fantastic, let's go! 
Wow, what delicious cake! 
R = All of them need. 
7 – Which of the following punctuation marks is used BEFORE THE 
CONJUNCTION IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE? 
R = A comma 
8 – What is the difference in meaning between these pairs of 
sentences? 
I'm sorry you can't drive a car. 
I'm sorry. You can't drive a car. 
R = In the first sentence, you would like the listener to be able to 
drive a car, but, for some reason, he can't. 
In the second sentence, you are telling somebody he is prohibited to 
drive a car. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 9. 
1 – In which alternative the sentence is correctly punctuated? 
R = c) Picture this: a Neanderthal man deep in the forest gorges on 
the yummies of his time--fruits, berries, anything sweet and 
pluckable. 
2 – Pick out the one sentence that is correctly punctuated. 
R = b) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent, but a 
century ago it was the Indian village of my Ottawa ancestors. 
3 – Which of the following punctuation marks is used TO 
INTRODUCE A LIST AND BEFORE A FINAL CLAUSE THAT 
EXPLAINS SOMETHING IN THE SENTENCE? 
R = A colon 
4 – What is the difference in meaning between the following to 
sentences? 
Don´t run. 
Don´t, run. 
R = When you say: Don't run, it means that you are telling someone 
not to do something, that is to say: not to run. 
When you use the comma, the meaning changes. In fact, you are 
telling someone to start running. 
5 – Read the text below: 
Have you ever wondered why little children love listening to stories, 
why older ones get lost in certain books? In this enthralling work, 
Maria Tatar challenges many of our assumptions about childhood 
reading. Much as our culture pays lip service to the importance of 
literature, we rarely examine the creative and cognitive benefits of 
reading from infancy through adolescence. By exploring how beauty 
and horror operated in C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia, Philip 
Pullman's His Dark Materials, J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels, 
and many other narratives, Tatar provides a delightful work for 
parents, teachers, and general readers, not just examining how 
and what children read but also showing through vivid examples 
how literature transports and transforms children with its intoxicating, 
captivating, and occasionally terrifying energy. In the tradition of 
Bruno Bettelheim's landmark The Uses of Enchantment, Tatar's 
book is not only a compelling journey into the world of childhood but 
a trip back for adult readers as well. 
► The use of commas in the underlined passage was used with a 
view to: 
R = Separating a series phrases 
6 – Read the text below: 
Have you ever wondered why little children love listening to 
stories, why older ones get lost in certain books? In this 
enthralling work, Maria Tatar challenges many of our assumptions 
about childhood reading. Much as our culture pays lip service to the 
importance of literature, we rarely examine the creative and 
cognitive benefits of reading from infancy through adolescence. By 
exploring how beauty and horror operated in C.S. Lewis's 
Chronicles of Narnia, Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials, J.K. 
Rowling's Harry Potter novels, and many other narratives, Tatar 
provides a delightful work for parents, teachers, and general 
readers, not just examining how and what children read but also 
showing through vivid examples how literature transports and 
transforms children with its intoxicating, captivating, and 
occasionally terrifying energy. In the tradition of Bruno Bettelheim's 
landmark The Uses of Enchantment, Tatar's book is not only a 
compelling journey into the world of childhood but a trip back for 
adult readers as well. 
► The use of a comma (,) in the underlined passage was used 
with a view to: 
R = Separating sentences 
7 – Which of the following punctuation marks is used TO JOIN 
WORDS OR DIVIDE WORDS INTO SYLLABLES? 
R = A hyphen 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 10. 
1 – In which alternative the verb is correctly applied? 
R = c) They delayed leaving. 
2 – A dangling modifier is a word or clause that modifies a word not 
clearly stated in the sentence. A modifier describes, clarifies, or 
gives more detail about a concept. In which alternative there is a 
correct sentence? 
R = d) After reading the original study, I findthe article unconvincing. 
3 – Which of the following sentences has an example of an 
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE? 
R = If Anna gets some extra money, she will study Brazilian 
Portuguese. 
4 – CLassify the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following 
sentence: "Victoria is not to blame for what her brother did". 
R = Object of a preposition. 
5 – In which alternative the noun clause is AN OBJECT OF A 
PREPOSITION? 
R = Mary is not responsible for what Billy did. 
6 – Read the following sentence and choose the appropriate 
answer: 
The electricity went off so we were forced to buy candles. 
R = The semantic type is that of ´result´. 
7 – Which of the following is NOT a Coordinating Conjunction? 
R = However. 
8 – In which alternative the relative pronoun is A SUBJECT? 
R = The department has experienced problems which have delayed 
production. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 10. 
1 – In which alternative there is a noun clause? 
R = a) He told me that the match had been cancelled. 
2 – A dangling modifier is a word or clause that modifies a word not 
clearly stated in the sentence. A modifier describes, clarifies, or 
gives more detail about a concept. In which alternative there is a 
correct sentence? 
R = After reading the original study, I find the article unconvincing. 
3 – Read the text below: 
Short Biography 
"Maria Tatar teaches folklore, children's literature, and German 
cultural studies at Harvard University and chairs the Program in 
Folklore and Mythology. She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts." 
► The underlined information in the passage above exemplifies: 
R = A simple sentence 
4 – Read the text below: 
Short Biography 
"Maria Tatar teaches folklore, children's literature, and German 
cultural studies at Harvard University and chairs the Program in 
Folklore and Mythology. She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts." 
► How many simple sentences are there in the text above? 
R = 1 
5 – In which alternative there is a NOUN CLAUSE? 
R = He told me that the match had been cancelled.